85:
493:(1876–1909) acquired al-Masmiyah and six other nearby Hauran villages in the late 19th century as a personal estate. The farmers he employed in the village were afforded security, giving them protection from nomadic raiders. They were also exempt from conscription, protected from monetary collections from local notables and at times were loaned money without interest. These factors resulted in the prosperity of al-Masmiyah and the larger estate.
1659:
1393:
165:
69:
1653:
92:
552:
who visited the region in the late 1850s, the ruins of al-Masmiyah "are among the most interesting and beautiful in the Hauran," not least due to its numerous Greek inscriptions. The majority of the ancient city's homes were in rubble, but a number of public buildings were relatively well-preserved.
531:
and consequently, the inhabitants, who were both tenants of the government and permanent residents of the villages, had to pay 20–22% of their agricultural products to the authorities. Nonetheless, the conditions of the inhabitants of the government estate were better than the estates of the
668:
was topped by a conch-shaped half-dome. The building had two windows, a rare feature in
Classical pagan temples, and a total of three entryways. Of the entryways, there was a principal central doorway that was higher and broader than the two side-doors.
481:
families from the Sulut tribe reportedly lived inside the ruins of al-Masmiyah. Apparently, the village was abandoned most of the time, but was occasionally occupied by nomadic Arab families seeking shelter in its ruins.
1317:
A history of architecture having special regard to the natural artistic results of construction and those methods of design which are the result of abstract thinking and of the pure sense of form
626:
that projects onto one side of the building opposite of the doorway. Both sides of the doorway contained niches reserved for statues. The interior space consisted of a single room, which was the
68:
395:
architectural style is believed to have possibly served as the home of the Roman governor of
Trachonitis. One of the rooms on the ground-level floor was supported by an 18-foot arch and had a
469:
was the first contemporary scholar to visit al-Masmiyah and he was later followed by Bankes and Barry, who sketched a precise plan of the
Praetorium, in 1819. In 1838, Biblical scholar
647:. On the opposite end of each columns stood a half-column, making for a total of four main columns, eight half-columns, and four quarter columns (situated at each corner) inside the
2355:
676:
with six columns. The material used for the building was dry stone. Other than the dome and the portico, the building had been well preserved until the 19th century.
2365:
1042:
553:
Porter further remarked that except for the Roman temple "there are several other buildings ... but they are not remarkable either for their size or architecture.
343:
The ancient city of Phaena, judging by the ruin field still visible at
Masmiya in the 19th century, had a radius of roughly three miles, making it as large as the
1381:
694:("subdistrict") which consists of 16 localities with a collective population of 8,773 in 2004. As of the early 20th century, its inhabitants were largely
2360:
1255:
Segal, Arthur (2008). "Religious
Architecture in the Roman Near East: Temples of the Basalt Lands (Trachon and Hauran).". In Kaizer, Ted (ed.).
436:
period and the structural plan makes it one of the oldest examples of
Byzantine church architecture. During the Byzantine period it became an
116:
1046:
685:
658:
There were six niches against the walls that were reserved for the placement of statues and in the center of them was the main space, the
1274:
1130:
1107:
1359:
698:, though there was a small Muslim community as well. In 2004, the village still had a significant Melkite Christian population.
1374:
84:
1192:
1153:
1063:
695:
597:. This unique feature in Roman architecture was likely inspired by pre-Roman architecture, particularly the temple of
688:(CBS), al-Masmiyah had a population of 1,498 in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of the al-Masmiyah
27:
This article is about the ancient village in southern Syria. For the depopulated village in historic
Palestine, see
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1171:
Travels in the central
Caucasus and Bashan: including visits to Ararat and Tabreez and ascents of Kazbek and Elbruz
1231:
1658:
2156:
466:
344:
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639:, which had since collapsed. The roof is supported by four free-standing columns fixed at the inner angles of
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It was relatively small, measuring 24.8 x 16.4 meters. It has a rectangular ground plan with a semi-circular
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359:(which is of Early Muslim date in its present outline and smaller than some of its earlier iterations).
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1245:
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Biblical
Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
561:
The temple was destroyed in 1875 or 76 by the
Ottoman army, who used its stones to build a barracks at
1949:
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took apart the Praetorium for the construction material used to build a nearby army barracks at
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In the 1870s, al-Masmiyah was an uninhabited village. However, it was later settled when the
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The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East: In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
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to the people of Phaena, capital of Trachon." The ruins of a Roman era house built in the
260:
1459:
1348:
1315:
1239:
1203:
1169:
399:-decorated ceiling. The town contains the ruins of a Roman-era pagan temple, called the
73:
19th-century drawing of interior space of the Roman temple ("Praetorium") in al-Masmiyah
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that span the space between the outer wall and the columns supporting the roof.
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598:
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This is a description based on traveler reports predating the 1875 destruction.
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1559:
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In the early 3rd century CE, Phaena was still an important village known as a
400:
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131:
118:
2196:
2191:
2069:
2009:
1528:
1235:
896:
587:, the so-called "Praetorium" of al-Masmiyah is the only Roman temple in the
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17:
2215:
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1719:
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A Cyclopaedia of Works of Architecture: in Italy, Greece, and the Levant
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201:
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1624:
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notables. In 1915 the population of al-Masmiyah was estimated as 300
512:
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320:
229:
635:
The Praetorium was formerly topped by a square domed roof, likely a
527:
in 1908, the sultan ceded estate to the treasury department of the
2296:
2236:
2226:
2121:
2096:
2048:
1993:
1938:
1914:
1823:
1554:
1479:
1409:
1392:
628:
593:
580:
508:
304:
296:
288:
170:
1693:
623:
478:
474:
1970:
1670:
1420:
1363:
1184:
The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History
739:
899:; in Robinson and Smith (1841), vol 3, Second appendix, B, p.
1261:. BRILL. pp. 97-132 (The temple at Masmiyeh (AD 164-9):
477:
inhabited the village. By the late 1860s a few impoverished
742:. Mapcarta. Map depicts al-Masmiyah and nearby localities.
407:
between 160–169 CE during the reign of the Roman emperors
569:. It still remained the subject of study by scholars in
432:
The Praetorium was transformed into a church during the
613:
cities. The Praetorium was situated atop a podium in a
664:, used to hold the main statue of the pagan cult. The
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2205:
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515:and Halabi during a quarrel with the Sulut tribe.
672:The temple ruins contained a partially destroyed
507:In 1886, al-Masmiyah was briefly occupied by the
1221:A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine
855:
853:
851:
815:
813:
811:
982:
980:
978:
403:, that was constructed by the commander of the
565:. The temple had earlier been photographed by
1375:
1281:Suggested reconstruction of Mismiyeh temple:
1043:General Census of Population and Housing 2004
964:
962:
960:
387:inscription on the Roman temple which reads "
8:
1297:Palestine and Syria: handbook for travellers
924:
922:
710:: Mismia was one of the first stations built
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748:
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1967:
1680:
1667:
1430:
1417:
1382:
1368:
1360:
768:
766:
764:
36:
579:Along with the Roman temple dedicated to
496:In 1875, before Abdul Hamid's reign, the
2356:Populated places in Al-Sanamayn District
1202:Longfellow, William Pitt Preble (1903).
1122:Xoana and the Origins of Greek Sculpture
1070:. Catholic Near East Welfare Association
591:that contains niches for statues in the
719:
222:
209:
157:
146:
77:
65:
60:
2366:Melkite Christian communities in Syria
1336:(Illustrated ed.). Echo Library.
632:, and measured 15.09 x 13.78 meters.
239:
214:
199:
187:
175:
111:
7:
1333:Byzantine Churches In Constantinople
440:, whose bishops participated in the
367:Al-Masmiyah is identified with the
264:
91:
1047:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
686:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics
25:
1657:
1651:
1391:
1181:Issawi, Charles Phillip (1988).
375:. Phaena was the capital of the
163:
90:
83:
67:
2361:Roman towns and cities in Syria
1320:. Vol. 1. New York: Baker.
291:, administratively part of the
1064:"Deep Roots in a Fertile Land"
1062:Dick, Marlin (May–June 2004).
643:arches, which together form a
548:According to Western traveler
1:
1174:. Longmans, Green, & Co.
303:. Nearby localities include
1187:. Oxford University Press.
758:Porter (1858), pp. 502-503.
2382:
1119:Donahue, Alice A. (1988).
1049:(CBS). Daraa Governorate.
619:surrounded by colonnades.
26:
1979:
1966:
1679:
1666:
1649:
1429:
1416:
1404:
819:Van Millingen (2010), p.
573:after its dismantlement.
536:(Greek Catholics) and 20
112:
78:
66:
61:
54:
2162:al-Ghariyah al-Sharqiyah
2157:al-Ghariyah al-Gharbiyah
571:Greco-Roman architecture
465:In 1810, Swiss explorer
287:) is a town in southern
1244:. Vol. 3. Boston:
1145:A History of the Druzes
295:, located northeast of
1790:al-Maliha al-Sharqiyah
1246:Crocker & Brewster
1224:. Vol. 1. Murray.
1148:. Vol. 1. BRILL.
986:Freshfield (1869), p.
928:Issawi (1988), p. 330.
912:Freshfield (1869), p.
859:Longfellow (1903), p.
845:Donahue (1988, p. 172.
801:Freshfield (1869), p.
792:Porter (1858), p. 503.
544:Archaeological remains
331:to the southeast and
1785:al-Maliha al-Gharbiya
525:Young Turk Revolution
413:Lucius Aurelius Verus
242: • Summer (
132:33.12917°N 36.39389°E
29:al-Masmiyya al-Kabira
1423:Al-Sanamayn District
1142:Firro, Kais (1992).
651:. The arches sit on
550:Josias Leslie Porter
383:, as confirmed by a
351:and larger than the
329:al-Surah al-Saghirah
301:al-Sanamayn District
34:Town in Daraa, Syria
968:Sturgis (1907), p.
726:Sturgis (1907), p.
529:Damascus government
442:ecumenical councils
405:Third Gallic Legion
345:ancient walled area
128: /
1575:Manshiyat al-Sabil
1125:. Scholars Press.
937:Firro (1992), pp.
832:Ball (2002), pp.
696:Melkite Christians
409:Aurelius Antoninus
323:to the northeast,
315:to the northeast,
216: • Total
148:Grid position
137:33.12917; 36.39389
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1961:
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1398:Daraa Governorate
1328:Van Millingen, A.
1030:Segal (2008), p.
1017:Segal (2008), p.
1004:Segal (2008), p.
950:Segal (2008), p.
883:Segal (2008), p.
772:Socin (1876), p.
684:According to the
467:Johann Burckhardt
428:Byzantine periods
389:Julius Saturninus
293:Daraa Governorate
254:
253:
104:Location in Syria
16:(Redirected from
2373:
2146:Khirbet Ghazaleh
2136:Khirbet Ghazaleh
1981:
1968:
1950:al-Bakkar Sharqi
1894:al-Shaykh Maskin
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1355:Mesmiye-map; 19M
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2030:Umm al-Mayazen
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1870:al-Shaykh Saad
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1343:External links
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1276:978-9004167353
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637:cloister vault
609:or in various
567:Tancrède Dumas
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523:Following the
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491:Abdul Hamid II
473:reported that
462:
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456:Ottoman period
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2018:
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1974:
1969:
1965:
1951:
1948:
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1927:
1921:
1920:al-Suhayliyah
1918:
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1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
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1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:Shaykh Maskin
1882:
1876:
1875:al-Sukkariyah
1873:
1871:
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1860:al-Jubayliyah
1858:
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1673:Izra District
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1105:
1102:. Routledge.
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708:Hejaz railway
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641:cross-vaulted
638:
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612:
608:
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603:Syrian Desert
600:
596:
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564:
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543:
541:
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538:Sunni Muslims
535:
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438:episcopal see
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311:to the west,
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113:Coordinates:
86:
70:
53:
38:
30:
19:
2269:
2214:
2179:
2144:
2114:
2089:
2047:
1992:
1937:
1892:
1865:al-Nasiriyah
1847:
1822:
1777:
1692:
1613:
1612:
1545:Deir al-Adas
1527:
1442:
1406:
1332:
1316:
1296:
1257:
1240:
1232:Robinson, E.
1220:
1216:Porter, J.L.
1204:
1183:
1170:
1144:
1121:
1098:
1086:Bibliography
1072:. Retrieved
1068:ONE Magazine
1067:
1057:
1038:
1026:
1013:
946:
933:
908:
892:
841:
828:
797:
740:Mismiyah Map
735:
722:
689:
683:
680:Demographics
671:
665:
659:
657:
648:
634:
627:
621:
614:
592:
578:
575:
560:
557:Roman temple
547:
522:
519:20th century
506:
498:Ottoman army
495:
484:
464:
461:19th century
431:
419:
417:
379:district of
372:
366:
363:Roman period
342:
317:Jubb al-Safa
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
256:
255:
2263:Subdistrict
2242:Tell Shihab
2208:Subdistrict
2173:Subdistrict
2138:Subdistrict
2127:al-Mataaiya
2108:Subdistrict
2083:Subdistrict
2041:Subdistrict
1986:Subdistrict
1931:Subdistrict
1886:Subdistrict
1841:Subdistrict
1816:Subdistrict
1771:Subdistrict
1740:al-Mujaydil
1730:al-Matallah
1686:Subdistrict
1614:al-Masmiyah
1606:Subdistrict
1521:Subdistrict
1444:Al-Sanamayn
1436:Subdistrict
1349:Map of town
1312:Sturgis, R.
1208:. Scribner.
1051:(in Arabic)
645:Greek cross
599:Baal-Shamin
585:al-Sanamayn
448:(431) and
381:Roman Syria
377:Trachonitis
257:Al-Masmiyah
206:al-Masmiyah
202:Subdistrict
195:al-Sanamayn
178:Governorate
135: /
98:Al-Masmiyah
62:Al-Mismiyah
41:Al-Masmiyah
2345:Categories
2271:al-Shajara
2247:al-Yadudah
1590:al-Qaziyah
1560:Kafr Nasij
1495:al-Qaniyah
1485:Kafr Shams
1283:Pl. XXVIII
1194:0195049519
1155:9004094377
1074:4 November
715:References
583:in nearby
421:metrocomia
401:Praetorium
325:Khalkhalah
211:Population
123:36°23′38″E
18:Al-Mismiya
2282:Ayn Zakar
2197:Umm Walad
2192:al-Sahwah
2171:Musayfira
2070:Samaqiyat
2025:al-Taybeh
2010:al-Naimah
1945:al-Bakkar
1529:Ghabaghib
1519:Ghabaghib
1292:Socin, A.
1236:Smith, E.
511:clans of
471:Eli Smith
450:Chalcedon
434:Byzantine
369:Roman-era
357:Jerusalem
313:Ghabaghib
225:Time zone
120:33°7′45″N
47:Musmiyeh
2307:Maariyah
2287:Bayt Ara
2216:Muzayrib
2206:Muzayrib
2187:al-Karak
1905:al-Faqia
1805:al-Surah
1779:al-Hirak
1735:Miskiyah
1720:Mahajjah
1630:Buwaydan
1604:Masmiyah
1585:Muthabin
1565:Kammunah
1475:Judayyah
1465:al-Harra
1434:Sanamayn
1407:Capital:
1330:(1912).
1314:(1907).
1302:Baedeker
1294:(1876).
1238:(1841).
1218:(1858).
1168:(1869).
1096:(2002).
1094:Ball, W.
702:See also
605:town of
534:Melkites
393:Batanean
371:town of
353:Old City
349:Damascus
309:Muthabin
273:Mesmiyeh
269:Musmiyeh
190:District
151:280/281
49:Mesmiyeh
2322:Shabraq
2302:Kuwayah
2261:Shajara
2116:al-Jiza
2060:Maaraba
1900:al-Dali
1750:Qiratah
1635:Shaarah
1595:al-Tiha
691:nahiyah
674:portico
653:lintels
616:temenos
611:Arabian
607:Palmyra
601:in the
489:sultan
487:Ottoman
452:(451).
446:Ephesus
397:cornice
339:History
299:in the
285:Musmeih
277:Mismiya
265:المسمية
159:Country
44:المسمية
2277:Abidin
2252:Zayzun
2055:Jamrin
2000:Ataman
1800:Rakham
1795:Nahita
1755:Shaqra
1715:Jaddal
1710:Buwayr
1625:Burraq
1580:al-Mal
1540:Aqraba
1510:Zimrin
1505:Samlin
1490:Khabab
1470:Inkhil
1450:Bassir
1273:
1191:
1152:
1129:
1106:
666:adyton
661:adyton
589:Levant
563:Burraq
513:Atrash
502:Burraq
373:Phaena
321:Burraq
281:Mismia
261:Arabic
168:
2312:Nafia
2297:Jamla
2237:Tafas
2232:Nasij
2227:Jalin
2222:Ajami
2122:Ghasm
2097:Abtaa
2091:Da'el
2080:Da'el
2065:Samad
2049:Bosra
2039:Bosra
2020:Saida
2015:Nasib
2005:Kahil
1994:Daraa
1984:Daraa
1939:Tasil
1929:Tasil
1915:Qarfa
1910:Namer
1855:Adwan
1830:Nimer
1824:Jasim
1814:Jasim
1769:Hirak
1745:Najih
1555:Jabab
1535:Alqin
1500:Qayta
1480:Tubna
1455:Burqa
1410:Daraa
941:-217.
897:Smith
836:-243.
594:cella
581:Tyche
509:Druze
475:Kurds
385:Greek
305:Jabab
297:Daraa
289:Syria
230:UTC+2
219:1,498
183:Daraa
171:Syria
2292:Heet
2152:Alma
2106:Jiza
1849:Nawa
1839:Nawa
1700:Asim
1694:Izra
1684:Izra
1620:Bali
1271:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1076:2018
649:naos
629:naos
624:apse
479:Arab
411:and
333:Dama
327:and
307:and
283:and
56:Town
1760:Sur
1460:Eib
1269:).
1267:112
1263:109
1032:117
1019:112
1006:111
970:292
952:107
939:216
901:155
885:110
861:238
834:242
774:422
728:291
444:of
355:of
347:of
244:DST
234:EET
153:PAL
2347::
1300:.
1234:;
1066:.
1045:.
995:^
988:56
977:^
959:^
921:^
914:59
868:^
850:^
810:^
803:57
781:^
763:^
747:^
540:.
504:.
424:.
415:.
279:,
275:,
271:,
263::
250:+3
1383:e
1376:t
1369:v
1304:.
1285:.
1279:.
1265:-
1248:.
1197:.
1158:.
1135:.
1112:.
1078:.
1021:.
1008:.
990:.
972:.
954:.
916:.
903:.
887:.
863:.
823:.
821:2
805:.
776:.
730:.
259:(
246:)
236:)
232:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
