2702:, Al-Ahbash "adherents carry on a permanent double discourse: to Western questioners, they claim to support the emancipation of women and laicism to oppose the "fundamentalists" (all the issues they know are sensitive and useful for getting them recognized). However, within Muslim communities, they carry on an extremely intransigent and closed discourse, usually treating most of the principal Muslim ulama as kuffar by which they mean "unbeliever,' "impious people"). They base their teachings on interpretations recognized as deviant by all other schools of thought and all other scholars of note (for example, their singular understanding of the meaning of the name of God, or their assertion that the Qur'anic Text was interpreted by the angel Gabriel, or the practice of praying to the dead). Their approach on very specific points of doctrine (such as those we have referred to) is hostile and usually violent."
6308:
1907:
55:
461:
5550:
1838:
5480:
5539:
2939:
2457:
1827:
2714:, this constituency enabled its candidate, Adnan Trabulsi, to win a seat in a Beirut district after the Ahbash and Hezbollah concluded an undeclared alliance in Beirut that assured the election of their respective candidates. However, Trabulsi lost in the subsequent 1996 elections. In 2018, Trabulsi was again elected to serve on the Lebanese Parliament.
5000:
2620:) as the key word in al-Ahbash's "necessary science of religion" and instance the group's twelve-goal platform whose second item calls for "reaching moderation and good behavior as ways of implementing religious principles, while combating extremism and zeal." This position is also reflected in the groups's decided opposition to the
2815:, the former Grand Mufti of Egypt, issued a fatwa describing the Ahbash as "deviant" that sought to "corrupt the Muslim creed and incite sedition amongst the Muslim Ummah. Moreover, they are paid agents to the enemies of Islam." In 2007, Egypt also arrested 22 men for seeking to spread the Ahbash faith in the country.
2678:
representative said "Most of our states are
Islamic and Muslims wish the presence of an Islamic state, but the regional and international conditions do not allow it." Consequently, the group repeatedly emphasized the need for Muslim-Christian co-existence and tolerance towards other religious groups in Lebanon.
2597:
Shaykh
Habashi in his books and lectures blends elements of Sunni and Shi'a theological doctrines with Sufi spiritualism by supporting the legitimacy of Imam Ali and his descendants while condemning Mu'awiyya, the caliph and governor of Damascus, and his son Yazid as "seditious" thus adopting Shi'ite
2741:
religious stance, as their Sufi and other beliefs are seen as heretical. As a result, they are commonly described by
Wahhabis as combining "Sufi polytheism, shirk, with Shi'i covert anti-Sunna tactics". They are also viewed by other Muslims groups as being favoured by the governments of the United
2883:
members were involved in a street battle which was perceived to be over parking issues. Both groups later met to form a joint compensation fund for the victims of the conflict. However, despite this instance of violence, the Ahbash have "normal" and "friendly" relations with
Hezbollah. The Ahbash
2664:
which is not fully compatible with the consensus of Sunnis, and
Wahhabis accuse Ahbash of doubt regarding the origin of the Qur'an. Another famous example regards the interpretations of the Qur'anic sentence describing God seated on his throne after creating the world. According to Wahhabi texts,
4398:
Islamic
University, adopted a fatwa stipulating that the sole true adherents of traditional Islam are those who abide by Kalam scholastic theology, belong to one of the four madhhabs (legal schools)......It identifies the Salafi strain of Sunni Islam professed in Saudi Arabia as a "dangerous and
2677:
The arguably most important split, however, is the question of the relation between religion, politics, and the state. Departing from most
Islamic writings on this topic, al-Ahbash advocates a separation of religion and state and thereby rejects the idea of an Islamic state. Al-Fakhani, an AICP
2847:
and Al-Ahbash in what became known as the "war of the mosques". The fighting was started due to the brotherhood believing that Jordan's
Ministry of Religious Endowments were giving precedence to Al-Ahbash members being allowed to teach in mosques from which they themselves were banned.
3828:. Beirut, Lebanon: Jam'iyyat al-Mashari'. pp. 86, 88, 90, 105 ('These ahadith are: "For whosoever I am master, this Ali is his master, O God support whosoever is"'), 111 ('Habashi does not give much importance to the Hanafi and Maliki Schools of Law'), 107, 195.
2598:
tradition whereas setting apart from all other Sunni jurists. Although not explicitly stated, Sufism plays also an important role in al-Ahbash's doctrine as demonstrated by the practice of several Sufi traditions such as the pilgrimage to holy men's tombs (
284:
2778:
accused the Muslim
Community Radio Incorporated as being associated with Al-Ahbash, which they described as a fringe cult organisation and violent, and made public announcement for government officials not to renew its broadcasting license. However, the
386:
in West Beirut in the early 1980s, despite the protests of Dar al-Fatwa (the official body for
Lebanon's Sunni Muslims). At the end of the 1990s there were close to 250,000 Ahbash members worldwide, according to a high-ranking Ahbash activist.
4460:, 13 December 2007. ("The source said they belong to the al-Ahbash sect – which has a significant following in Lebanon and strong historical ties to Syria – and which is considered unorthodox by many Islamic clerics including the ones at
2546:, and opposition to political activism (its slogan is "the resounding voice of moderation"). It also promotes its beliefs internationally through a major internet presence and regional offices, notably in the
2553:
In Canada and the United States, the Al-Ahbash pray using the South-east direction in contrast to the majority of the Muslims in the region who pray facing the North-east direction in their mosques.
362:, where they founded educational and religious institutions. Beginning in the 1990s, Ahbash propelled from a minority group to the largest Sunni religious organization in Lebanon, mainly due to
6463:
1589:
6497:
1751:
3683:
2762:(an official statement or order from an Islamic religious leader), and members of the movement were arrested "attempting to spread their beliefs on the campuses of
3779:
6610:
2780:
2686:
The tolerant stance in Al-Ahbash's public rhetoric is doubted by some Muslim groups, orthodox Sunni in particular. They accuse the group of an excessive use of
4571:
3753:
3720:
467:
2690:– the act of declaring another Muslim an unbeliever – and thereby of the provocation of inner-Islamic tensions. Al-Ahbash has mainly used takfir against
6473:
2751:
1731:
2652:. Consequently, Shaykh Habashi holds that "it does not befit God to speak like that, and his word is not a voice or letters" and that therefore, the
367:
6600:
3853:
2742:
States, Europe, Ethiopia, and Australia, who "do indeed welcome the Ahbash activities among their Muslim citizens." They have been described as a
1867:
5173:
4198:
2746:
by various commentators, while others see them as a valid religious movement. The AICP runs a network of Islamic schools in affiliation with
1542:
252:
religious movement and, in Lebanon, political party, which was founded in the mid-1980s. The group follow the teachings of Ethiopian scholar
2660:
listened to His word, understood it, and passed it on to the prophets and the angels." This is a highly controversial point of view within
5514:
4837:
4066:
1292:
3169:
1604:
1574:
3903:
al-Habashi, Shaykh 'Abdallah. "Shaykh Abdalla's lecture, 26 January 2003". Beirut, Lebanon: Association of Islamic Charitable Projects.
4554:
4494:
4257:
4146:
3956:
3931:
3625:
3575:
3364:
3333:
3295:
3270:
3070:
4451:
4684:
4649:
4475:
4112:
4027:
3548:
3477:
2775:
5565:
1491:
3642:
3499:
2923:
of Ahbash by his opponents, however, his opponents find it difficult to define the heresy of Ahbash. Ahmad Tamim's opponent mufti
292:
6362:
5862:
2800:
2543:
2485:
1582:
1454:
1421:
271:. The movement has been described as one of the "most controversial Muslim associations" among modern Islamic groups and, within
6029:
1766:
1430:
851:
4138:
Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe: Development, Fractionalization and Transnational Networks of Salafism in Lebanon
6221:
4763:
4360:
2711:
4295:(Refers to Al-Ahbash's own monthly magazine, Manar Al-Huda 93 (December 2000): 36-42 and their other sources and web-sites.)
1550:
1533:
5730:
4959:
3691:
3193:"Religious freedom and the political order: the Ethiopian 'secular state' and the containment of Muslim identity politics"
2865:
1107:
6565:
6185:
4512:
3565:
2567:
1463:
595:
96:
54:
6620:
5850:
2758:, the former Grand Mufti of Egypt, have described the Al-Ahbash movement as deviant and unorthodox in their edicts or
5808:
5320:
4931:
4623:
6380:
5832:
2629:
2535:
1860:
1725:
1509:
246:
123:
6307:
2967:
6605:
6572:
5939:
5826:
5766:
5706:
5592:
4809:
1649:
1412:
1088:
4377:
3386:
6558:
6551:
6468:
6438:
6053:
5868:
5168:
5153:
4893:
1713:
1696:
1619:
1596:
1558:
6095:
5507:
1043:
4333:
6615:
6083:
5969:
5921:
5670:
5573:
5326:
4987:
4823:
4190:
2885:
1937:
1685:
1664:
1611:
1097:
1034:
1001:
983:
878:
586:
535:
299:
The AICP was founded in the 1930s by Ahmad al-Ajuz and arrived in Lebanon in the 1950s, where "they blended
4224:
2750:
according to Kabha and Erlich although a range of scholars from the latter institution, including previous
2570:, and thereby elude unambiguous classification. In an address to his followers, Shaykh Habashi stated that
6292:
6143:
6101:
5933:
5760:
5261:
1301:
1149:
1052:
956:
718:
375:
339:
2602:), mystical dancing sessions, use of musical bands in religious ceremonies and the support of three Sufi
6453:
6173:
6137:
6119:
6059:
5981:
5951:
5909:
5694:
5640:
5426:
5379:
5344:
5302:
5243:
3847:
1906:
1627:
1566:
1201:
754:
700:
640:
155:
5183:
2307:
1853:
929:
604:
3730:(Spring 2005). The Netherlands: International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World: 15
263:
The Ahbash have been noted for their ardent criticism of conservative strains of Islam, including the
6458:
6392:
6167:
6065:
6017:
5963:
5712:
5622:
5616:
5462:
5338:
5158:
2616:
2478:
2438:
2380:
1634:
1192:
1070:
965:
938:
832:
814:
667:
658:
6625:
4399:
erroneous contemporary sect," along with the extremist group Islamic State, Hizb ut-Tahrir, and the
6155:
6077:
6047:
5856:
5814:
5796:
5742:
5676:
5500:
5408:
5273:
4780:
3192:
2962:
2897:
2864:
and in 2005 at least two of its members were initially implicated—jailed and later released—in the
2370:
1841:
1691:
1334:
1285:
1174:
974:
920:
613:
516:
460:
444:
105:
5479:
2665:
this means that he literally sat on his throne; however, according to Shaykh Habashi, copying the
2272:
410:
6595:
6215:
6197:
5432:
5373:
5367:
4795:
4756:
3591:
3432:
3406:
3230:
3138:
3040:
3032:
2844:
2783:
granted a 5-year license in 2011, which drew criticism from Islamic groups. In 2006, the Imam of
1914:
1473:
1394:
1243:
324:
320:
253:
6011:
5838:
4851:
2884:
have also engaged in bloody clashes in Sidon and Tripoli, in the 1990s, against the rival Sunni
1370:
790:
4073:
3923:
3617:
3469:
3356:
3350:
3262:
3177:
6545:
6404:
6374:
6332:
5604:
5308:
5225:
4879:
4680:
4676:
4550:
4356:
4253:
4194:
4142:
4108:
4023:
3952:
3927:
3621:
3571:
3544:
3473:
3360:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3291:
3266:
3222:
3066:
3024:
2796:
2792:
2657:
2428:
2423:
1702:
1657:
1500:
1361:
736:
429:
275:, opponents of the Ahbash have frequently referred to the movement as unorthodox and deviant.
4184:
3007:
Kabha, Mustafa; Erlich, Haggai (2006). "Al-Ahbash and Wahhabiyya: Interpretations of Islam".
6448:
6338:
5844:
5790:
5778:
5553:
5492:
5267:
5237:
5231:
3915:
3754:"Which Way Mecca? It's Relative The Issue Divides Muslims Here. Is It Southeast? Northeast?"
3609:
3461:
3398:
3254:
3212:
3204:
3130:
3016:
2873:
2869:
2645:
2590:
can be termed 'neo-traditionalist', in that it aims to preserve the Islamic heritage of the
2064:
2044:
1403:
1276:
1252:
1234:
763:
418:
355:
347:
148:
3971:"A Sufi Response to Political Islamism" by R. Hrair Dekmejian & A. Nizar Hamzeh, p.225.
6409:
6386:
5820:
5802:
5456:
5444:
5332:
5219:
5163:
5145:
5135:
4973:
4865:
4454:
4391:
2957:
2912:
2857:
2722:
2471:
2327:
2079:
2069:
1719:
1352:
1325:
264:
228:
206:
4953:
2860:, the Ahbash have often been in conflict with the Lebanese supporters of the anti-Syrian
2172:
4306:
4277:
3991:
6507:
6443:
6191:
6161:
5999:
5927:
5874:
5450:
5314:
5255:
5249:
5213:
5188:
5100:
3657:
3595:
3541:
Killing Mr Lebanon: The Assassination of Rafik Hariri and Its Impact on the Middle East
3514:
2924:
2872:
that was triggered by Hariri's assassination. Ahbash reportedly remains neutral in the
2784:
2591:
2212:
2177:
2059:
2039:
2019:
2004:
1886:
1707:
1642:
1183:
781:
772:
498:
406:
371:
351:
2803:
because of the inclusion of Dr. Mustapha Kara-Ali, who was affiliated with Al-Ahbash.
283:
6589:
6502:
6326:
6237:
6209:
6203:
6149:
6107:
5682:
5658:
5296:
5198:
4831:
4803:
4749:
4669:
3916:
3610:
3462:
3410:
3255:
3142:
3118:
2718:
2699:
2633:
2547:
2531:
2375:
2332:
2292:
2202:
2187:
2147:
2142:
1964:
1789:
1225:
1165:
1079:
1025:
493:
422:
343:
335:
327:
became the nominal head of the organization and was taken over by Al-Ahbash in 1983.
5402:
3234:
3044:
6261:
6232:
6023:
5736:
5688:
5634:
5598:
5543:
5483:
5125:
4711:
4043:
3869:
Al-Kafil bi-'Ilm al-Din al-Daruri (The Guarantor of the Necessary Science of Faith)
2944:
2861:
2832:
2606:. The contention that it is a primarily Sufi movement, however, has been disputed.
2461:
2322:
2312:
2257:
1969:
1831:
1482:
1116:
992:
896:
841:
823:
568:
379:
370:. The Syrians supported and promoted the Ahbash in order to limit the influence of
62:
6286:
6255:
5523:
4845:
2666:
727:
452:
260:, the Ahbash have been described as the "activist expression of Lebanese Sufism."
4433:, the Mufti of Egypt (fatwā dated 1999), and Ahmad Umar Hashim, the president of
4414:
4162:
4136:
4102:
3208:
2582:. The Ash'ariyya is the basis of our belief, and the Shfi'iyya is our daily code.
6398:
6089:
5957:
5889:
5879:
5724:
5438:
5130:
4945:
4915:
4887:
2824:
2625:
2539:
2503:
2262:
2074:
1061:
649:
488:
417:. His murder led to a heavy-handed Syrian response—concluding with the gruesome
414:
316:
312:
272:
120:
101:
4020:
Muslim Ethiopia: The Christian Legacy, Identity Politics, and Islamic Reformism
6280:
6125:
6113:
6041:
6005:
5993:
5987:
5975:
5945:
5903:
5897:
5748:
5700:
5652:
5646:
5024:
4939:
4925:
4817:
3402:
3134:
3020:
2934:
2579:
2575:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2433:
2418:
2237:
2232:
2217:
2192:
2014:
1140:
947:
887:
860:
709:
676:
631:
622:
544:
472:
395:
128:
5019:
4429:(Refers to the fatwās against the Ahbash from a range of scholars, including
4416:
From Madness to Eternity: Psychiatry and Sufi Healing in the Postmodern World
3226:
3028:
2644:
One further critical cleavage is al-Ahbash's strict rejection of any form of
2127:
6350:
6227:
6179:
6131:
6071:
6035:
5915:
5784:
5772:
5754:
5718:
5664:
5628:
5610:
5420:
5414:
5290:
5039:
4999:
4981:
4967:
4907:
4901:
4873:
4859:
4789:
4430:
4104:
The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from al-Qaeda to ISIS
2880:
2828:
2812:
2755:
2352:
2347:
2317:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2247:
2242:
2227:
2222:
2182:
2132:
1806:
1779:
1343:
1156:
869:
745:
577:
291:
268:
20:
2653:
2523:
132:
4627:
3889:. Beirut, Lebanon: Association of Islamic Charitable Projects. p. 31.
3802:
214:
6356:
6247:
5178:
5064:
5054:
5049:
4461:
4434:
4400:
4395:
2763:
2747:
2621:
2527:
2297:
2197:
1811:
304:
3949:
Silenced: How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes are Choking Freedom Worldwide
3842:. Beirut, Lebanon: Association of Islamic Charitable Projects. 1992–93 .
3320:
Everyday jihad: the rise of militant Islam among Palestinians in Lebanon
2919:, Ahmad Tamim, a Lebanese citizen, has been accused of belonging to the
6344:
6272:
5584:
5396:
5095:
5059:
5029:
4378:"Analysis: Grozny Fatwa On 'True Believers' Triggers Major Controversy"
3780:"Ethiopian Muslims Protest Indoctrination by Government Sponsored Sect"
3036:
2952:
2916:
2691:
2649:
2599:
2443:
2342:
2337:
2267:
2252:
2207:
2152:
2137:
2117:
2089:
2054:
2029:
1994:
1949:
383:
257:
4419:. London, United Kingdom: UCL (University College London). p. 166
3217:
2927:
allegedly has links to groups affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood.
413:, who was reportedly being groomed by the Syrians to become Lebanon's
6522:
6517:
6414:
5361:
5034:
4772:
2856:
Due to its strong historical links with the Syrian government of the
2788:
2738:
2695:
2687:
2603:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2302:
2165:
2099:
2009:
1974:
1897:
1784:
402:
391:
363:
331:
136:
110:
3464:
The Middle East and Palestine: Global Politics and Regional Conflict
4527:
2835:
of promoting Al-Ahbash among the Muslim population of the country.
188:
6512:
6368:
5120:
5115:
5105:
5090:
5080:
5044:
5014:
2734:
2661:
2515:
2499:
2122:
2084:
2024:
1999:
1984:
1979:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1930:
1890:
503:
359:
300:
290:
282:
330:
Al-Ahbash was founded in the suburb of Bourj Abu Haidar, in West
5110:
5085:
4650:"Hezbollah, Al Ahbash chiefs meet over Borj Abi Haidar incident"
2868:. The Ahbash also strongly opposed and demonstrated against the
2743:
2094:
2049:
2034:
1989:
390:
Several public figures became Ahbash members when it emerged in
308:
249:
5496:
4745:
3898:
3896:
3590:
Middle East International No 508, 8 September 1995, Publishers
2669:
school of thought, it meant that he took control of the world.
378:
Sunni movements in Lebanon. Their growth was also aided by the
4163:"The Beirut Review: A Journal on Lebanon and the Middle East"
3119:"A Sufi Response to Political Islamism: Al-Ahbash of Lebanon"
4213:
Hamzeh and Demekjian 1996: 225; el Khazen 2003: 620, Table 2
3747:
3745:
3567:
European Islam: The Challenges for Society and Public Policy
2594:
era - which they consider themselves to be the inheritors."
1905:
4250:
Ideas That Matter: The Concepts That Shape the 21st Century
4167:
The Beirut Review: A Journal on Lebanon and the Middle East
3684:"Turkey and Ethiopia at Crossroads: Ahbashism and Gulenism"
323:." The AICP remained without a leader until the 1980s when
2656:
contains the word of God but could be written only after "
4741:
4612:, 15 June 2009, the University of Michigan, pp. 135, 140.
3564:
Amghar, Samir; Boubekeur, Amel; Emerson, Emerson (2007).
3460:
Dietrich Jung (18 September 2004). Jung, Dietrich (ed.).
3015:(4). United States: Cambridge University Press: 519–538.
4515:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 February 2006.
175:
4735:
4572:"STL defense strategy takes shape in Sabaa questioning"
4476:"Muslims call for 'radical' radio station to be closed"
4067:""Ahbashism", Government and Ethiopian Muslim Protests"
3438:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 8
2614:
Mustafa Kabla and Haggai Erlich identify "moderation" (
6498:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
3871:. Beirut, Lebanon: Burj Abi Haydar Mosque. p. 46.
3063:
A political and economic dictionary of the Middle East
3801:
A Group of Islamic Researchers (September 25, 2007).
3170:"Ethiopian Muslims protest government 'interference'"
236:
42:
6486:
6427:
6315:
6271:
6246:
5888:
5583:
5564:
5389:
5354:
5283:
5206:
5197:
5144:
5073:
5007:
4779:
4271:
4269:
3880:
3878:
168:
154:
144:
116:
95:
87:
77:(as the Association of Islamic Charitable Projects)
71:
61:
30:
4668:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4308:Al-Ahbash and Wahhabiyya: Interpretations of Islam
4279:Al-Ahbash and Wahhabiyya: Interpretations of Islam
3993:Al-Ahbash and Wahhabiyya: Interpretations of Islam
3570:. Centre for European Policy Studies. p. 29.
3317:
3129:. Beirut: American University of Beirut: 217–229.
4390:(Excerpt: "Conference participants, who included
2733:The group are seen as being controversial within
2710:As a political party, when al-Ahbash ran for the
2843:During the 1990s fighting broke out between the
2522:theology, their Sufi aspect is derived from the
4178:
4176:
4018:Patrick Desplat; Terje Østebø (18 April 2013).
3286:Gambill, Gary C. (2009). Barry M. Rubin (ed.).
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
2586:According to Thomas Pierret, Ahbash's ideology
2566:Shaykh Habashi's syncretic teachings draw upon
346:. From there they spread throughout Lebanon to
238:Jamʿīyah al-Mashārīʿ al-Khayrīyah al-ʾIslāmīyah
44:Jamʿīyah al-Mashārīʿ al-Khayrīyah al-ʾIslāmīyah
4305:Mustafa Kabha; Haggai Erlich (November 2006).
4276:Mustafa Kabha; Haggai Erlich (November 2006).
4141:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 44–47.
3990:Mustafa Kabha; Haggai Erlich (November 2006).
3397:. Scotland, UK: Edinburgh Academics: 217–229.
3117:Hamzeh, A. Nizar; Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1996).
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
5508:
4757:
4380:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty/RFE/RL, Inc
3951:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 356.
2781:Australian Communications and Media Authority
2479:
1861:
256:. Due to the group's origins and activity in
8:
4353:Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah
4314:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 527–8
3493:
3491:
3489:
3123:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3009:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1935:
36:
4610:Last chance: the Middle East in the balance
4513:"Divided, angry Muslim advisory body meets"
4452:"Egypt arrests 22 men for corrupting Islam"
4243:
4241:
4225:"Lebanon's Sunni Islamists—A Growing Force"
3650:Middle East Review of International Affairs
3507:Middle East Review of International Affairs
2766:University" under the Egyptian penal code.
2498:Al-Ahbash beliefs are an interpretation of
6490:
6431:
6319:
5580:
5515:
5501:
5493:
5203:
4764:
4750:
4742:
4736:Association of Islamic Charitable Projects
4624:"Lebanon: Al-Ahbash Retreat from Politics"
4355:. Columbia University Press. p. 227.
4107:. Princeton University Press. p. 88.
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
2486:
2472:
1879:
1868:
1854:
522:
439:
225:Association of Islamic Charitable Projects
53:
33:Association of Islamic Charitable Projects
27:
16:Neo-traditionalist Sufi religious movement
6474:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil
4285:. Cambridge University Press. p. 529
4096:
4094:
4044:"Al-Ahbash: Their Ideology and Evolution"
3999:. Cambridge University Press. p. 531
3918:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis
3721:"Internet in a Sectarian Islamic Context"
3433:"The Roots of Crisis in Northern Lebanon"
3380:
3378:
3376:
3352:The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism
3311:
3309:
3307:
3216:
1732:International Islamic University Malaysia
409:" killed the leader of Al-Ahbash, Sheikh
366:government backing—having close links to
3288:Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisi
3163:
3161:
3159:
3056:
3054:
3002:
295:Emblem used by the North American branch
4186:Western Muslims and the Future of Islam
4065:Mul’ataa, Yuunus Hajji (May 12, 2012).
3455:
3453:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3065:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 22.
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
1882:
479:
451:
4710:Silantiev, Roman (17 September 2014).
4549:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 215.
3845:
2568:different branches of Islamic theology
5174:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
4528:"Howard's Muslim advisory team split"
3867:al-Habashi, Shaykh 'Abdallah (1994).
3826:Sarih al-Bayan (Explicit Declaration)
3824:al-Habashi, Shaykh 'Abdallah (1990).
3355:. Columbia University Press. p.
2712:1992 Lebanese parliamentary elections
1752:2016 International Islamic Conference
7:
6611:Islamic political parties in Lebanon
4932:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari
4675:. Harvard University Press. p.
4334:"Syria and the Hariri assassination"
3752:Macklin, William R. (May 25, 1994).
3539:Nicholas Blanford (25 August 2006).
3324:. Harvard University Press. p.
2876:, despite pressure from both sides.
2514:spiritualism. Al-Ahbash follows the
428:It has been compared to the Turkish
4474:O'Brien, Natalie (9 January 2011).
4223:Omayma Abdel-Latif (January 2008).
4046:. The Levant News. 18 December 2015
4022:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 181.
3980:Cited in Kabla and Erlich 2006: 531
3947:Marshall, Paul; Shea, Nina (2011).
3852:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
3782:. The Muslim Link. October 12, 2015
3349:Sfei, Antoine; Olivier Roy (2008).
2896:Former grand mufti of Saudi Arabia
232:
210:
37:
4622:Choufi, Firas (January 29, 2013).
3803:"Al-Ahbash: Evolution and Beliefs"
3197:Journal of Eastern African Studies
2717:The Ahbash are also allied to the
1543:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam
394:beginning in 1991, such as rapper
14:
4838:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
4547:Radical Islam in Egypt and Jordan
4376:Liz Fuller (September 14, 2016).
3641:Gary C. Gambill (December 2007).
3498:Gary C. Gambill (December 2007).
2776:Australian National Imams Council
6306:
5549:
5548:
5537:
5525:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology
5478:
4998:
4495:"Muslim radio stays on airwaves"
3612:Chronologies of Modern Terrorism
2937:
2801:Muslim Community Reference Group
2795:, threatened to back out of the
2673:Separation of religion and state
2455:
1837:
1836:
1825:
459:
401:On 31 August 1995, members of a
233:جمعية المشاريع الخيرية الإسلامية
38:جمعية المشاريع الخيرية الإسلامية
4570:Elise Knutsen (20 March 2015).
4101:Rougier, Bernard (2015-10-13).
2526:brotherhood. The group rejects
6601:1983 establishments in Lebanon
6186:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
4493:Norrie, Justin (22 May 2011).
3922:. Palgrave Macmillan. p.
3885:al-Habashi, Shaykh 'Abdallah.
3468:. Palgrave Macmillan. p.
3431:Raphaël Lefèvre (April 2014).
2823:In 2012, Muslim protesters in
2624:and Islamist thinkers, namely
1936:
1492:Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti
1293:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
382:and control of many prominent
311:spiritualism into a doctrinal
287:Calligraphic logo of al-Ahbash
1:
5863:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi
4338:The Economist (print edition)
3168:Maasho, Aaron (11 May 2012).
2866:Assassination of Rafic Hariri
2640:Rejection of anthropomorphism
1575:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
1455:Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi
1422:Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani
6030:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
5851:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
5683:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari
4608:David Gardner, I.B. Tauris,
4252:. Basic Books. p. 139.
4072:. Ethiomedia. Archived from
3643:"Islamist Groups in Lebanon"
3500:"Islamist Groups in Lebanon"
3209:10.1080/17531055.2014.917855
2648:of God of which they accuse
1431:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
852:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
19:For the ancient region, see
5833:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi
4960:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi
4626:. Al-Akhbar. Archived from
4597:Guide to Islamist Movements
4413:Yawar, Athar Ahmed (2020).
4232:Carnegie Middle East Center
3543:. I.B.Tauris. p. 177.
3257:Guide to Islamist Movements
3191:Abbink, Jon (3 July 2014).
2630:Muhammed ibn 'Abd-al-Wahhab
1714:Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya
1551:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
237:
215:
43:
6642:
6542:Ash'ari-related templates
6399:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi
6381:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi
5731:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
2536:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
1726:Islamic Education Movement
1108:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
18:
6540:
6493:
6434:
6322:
6304:
5869:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
5827:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
5707:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
5593:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
5532:
5476:
4996:
4667:Rougier, Bernard (2007).
3758:The Philadelphia Inquirer
3403:10.1017/S0020743800063145
3316:Rougier, Bernard (2007).
3135:10.1017/S0020743800063145
3021:10.1017/s0020743806412459
2915:states that the mufti of
1464:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
1152:(d. 907/1501 or 908/1502)
596:'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi
342:movement among the Sunni
220:
173:
52:
6469:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad
6439:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
6054:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
5321:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi
5169:The Alchemy of Happiness
5154:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
4894:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili
4576:The Daily Star (Lebanon)
4248:Grayling, A. C. (2010).
3719:Pierret, Thomas (2005).
3608:Rubin, Barry M. (2008).
3385:Pierret, Thomas (2010).
1697:Al-Qarawiyyin University
1620:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
1559:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
398:or Abd Samad Moussaoui.
6339:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali
6084:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
5970:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
5922:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
5767:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani
5671:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
5403:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri
4988:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
4796:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani
4191:Oxford University Press
4183:Ramadan, Tariq (2004).
3656:(4): 46. Archived from
3616:. M.E. Sharpe. p.
3513:(4): 44. Archived from
3261:. M.E. Sharpe. p.
2886:Al-Jama'ah Al-Islamiyah
2542:. It advocates Islamic
1686:Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad
1510:Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni
1098:Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli
1035:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
1002:Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi
984:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
879:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
722:(d. 511 or 512/1117-19)
587:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
6293:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi
6204:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi
6144:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
6102:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
5940:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
5934:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
5761:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti
5695:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari
5397:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
5244:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid
4810:Baha' al-Din Naqshband
4712:"Nationwide Ambitions"
3290:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3061:Seddon, David (2004).
2698:leaders. According to
2502:combining elements of
1910:
1650:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih
1567:Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya
1413:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi
1302:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
1150:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
1089:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani
1053:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
957:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
719:Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari
296:
288:
67:Shaykh Hussam Qaraqira
6454:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
6393:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
6174:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
6138:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi
6120:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
6096:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
6060:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi
5982:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
5952:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
5910:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
5641:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
5463:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
5427:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
5380:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
5345:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri
5303:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi
4714:. Nezavisimaya Gazeta
4499:Sydney Morning Herald
4480:Sydney Morning Herald
4135:Pall, Zoltan (2013).
3914:Rubin, Barry (2009).
3598:; G.H.Jansen pp.13-14
3253:Rubin, Barry (2009).
2968:Sufi–Salafi relations
1909:
1628:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
1202:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
1044:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
755:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
701:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
641:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
468:al-'Aqida al-Murshida
405:jihadi group called "
294:
286:
223:), also known as the
156:Parliament of Lebanon
6459:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
6375:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun
6168:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
6066:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
6018:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
5964:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
5713:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
5623:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi
5617:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
5574:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
5339:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi
5327:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz
4824:Mu'in al-Din Chishti
4545:Tal, Nahman (2005).
4394:, rector of Cairo's
4351:Roy, Oliver (2006).
2879:In 2010, Ahbash and
2721:, a Shia party, and
1720:Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
1665:Al-Murshid al-Mu'een
1635:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
1612:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
1193:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
1071:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
966:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
939:Safi al-Din al-Hindi
833:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
815:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
668:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
659:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
536:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
145:National affiliation
6216:'Abdallah al-Harari
6156:Zakariyya al-Ansari
6078:Taj al-Din al-Subki
5857:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud
5797:Muhammad al-Zurqani
5743:Ahmad al-Wansharisi
5409:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
5262:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad
5250:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
4920:('Umar al-Khalwati)
4437:University (2001).)
2963:Politics of Lebanon
2898:Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
2706:Political positions
1692:Al-Azhar University
1605:Tahafut al-Falasifa
1286:Muhammad al-Zurqani
1175:Zakariyya al-Ansari
975:Taj al-Din al-Subki
614:Abu Dharr al-Harawi
368:Syrian intelligence
189:projectsassociation
106:Religious pluralism
6621:Sufi organizations
6351:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub
6198:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
5433:Bahadur Shah Zafar
5374:Abu Talib al-Makki
5368:Abu Bakr al-Shibli
5341:(d. 295 or 320 AH)
5329:(d. 277 or 286 AH)
5293:(d. 205 or 215 AH)
5184:Dala'il al-Khayrat
4340:. 27 October 2005.
4079:on October 4, 2016
3682:Mukerrem, Miftah.
2900:declared Ahbash a
2845:Muslim Brotherhood
1915:Abdul Qadir Gilani
1911:
1474:Abdullah al-Harari
1395:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
1244:Ibrahim al-Laqqani
605:Abu 'Imran al-Fasi
325:Abdullah al-Harari
321:political quietism
297:
289:
254:Abdullah al-Harari
247:neo-traditionalist
124:neo-traditionalism
6583:
6582:
6536:
6535:
6482:
6481:
6423:
6422:
6333:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
6302:
6301:
5809:M'Hamed al-Azhari
5773:Ibrahim al-Laqani
5605:Abu Imran al-Fasi
5490:
5489:
5472:
5471:
5415:Muhammad al-Fateh
5309:Dhul-Nun al-Misri
5226:Ibrahim ibn Adham
5214:Al-Hasan al-Basri
5189:Fadha'il al-'Amal
5159:Hilyat al-Awliya'
4991:
4977:
4963:
4949:
4935:
4921:
4911:
4897:
4883:
4880:Ibrahim al-Desuqi
4869:
4855:
4841:
4827:
4813:
4799:
4656:. 30 August 2010.
4534:. The Australian.
4526:Kerbaj, Richard.
4200:978-0-19-517111-2
3596:Dennis Walters MP
2902:"deviant faction"
2797:Howard government
2793:Taj El-Din Hilaly
2622:Salafist movement
2557:Doctrinal aspects
2496:
2495:
1938:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
1878:
1877:
1703:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
1658:Lubab al-Muhassal
1534:Theological works
1523:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1501:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
1496:
1487:
1478:
1468:
1459:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1375:
1366:
1365:(d. 1276/1859-60)
1362:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1306:
1297:
1281:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1145:
1121:
1112:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
846:
837:
828:
819:
795:
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
737:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
732:
723:
714:
705:
681:
672:
663:
654:
645:
636:
627:
618:
609:
600:
591:
582:
573:
549:
540:
465:Rock carved with
436:Religious beliefs
200:
199:
139:
6633:
6606:Islam in Lebanon
6575:
6574:Islamic theology
6568:
6561:
6554:
6548:
6491:
6449:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
6432:
6320:
6310:
6048:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5845:Ahmad al-Ghumari
5815:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
5791:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
5779:Muhammad Mayyara
5677:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5581:
5576:
5568:
5567:Ash'ari scholars
5556:
5552:
5551:
5544:Islam portal
5542:
5541:
5540:
5526:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5494:
5482:
5445:Emir Abdel-Kader
5274:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi
5268:Shaqiq al-Balkhi
5232:Sufyan al-Thawri
5204:
5002:
4985:
4971:
4957:
4943:
4929:
4919:
4905:
4891:
4877:
4863:
4849:
4835:
4821:
4807:
4793:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4743:
4738:official US site
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4674:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4630:on March 4, 2016
4619:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4471:
4465:
4449:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4410:
4404:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3921:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3887:Bughyat al-talib
3882:
3873:
3872:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3843:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3725:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3690:. Archived from
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3647:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3615:
3605:
3599:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3519:
3504:
3495:
3484:
3483:
3467:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3382:
3371:
3370:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3323:
3313:
3302:
3301:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3260:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3220:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3176:. Archived from
3165:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3114:
3077:
3076:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3004:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2874:Syrian Civil War
2870:Cedar Revolution
2646:anthropomorphism
2530:figures such as
2488:
2481:
2474:
2462:Islam portal
2460:
2459:
2458:
2393:Topics in Sufism
2065:Sufi metaphysics
1941:
1940:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1840:
1839:
1832:Islam portal
1830:
1829:
1828:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1466:
1457:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1404:Yusuf al-Nabhani
1397:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1335:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
1328:
1304:
1295:
1279:
1277:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
1255:
1253:Muhammad Mayyara
1246:
1237:
1235:Ahmad al-Maqqari
1228:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1143:
1119:
1110:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
921:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
899:
891:(d. c. 685/1286)
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
844:
835:
826:
817:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
547:
538:
523:
517:Eminent scholars
463:
440:
419:public execution
380:forcible seizure
356:Iqlim al-Kharrub
240:
234:
222:
221:"The Ethiopians"
218:
212:
196:
193:
190:
185:
182:
179:
177:
163:
149:March 8 Alliance
127:
83:
78:
57:
46:
40:
39:
28:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6546:
6532:
6478:
6419:
6410:Ayyubid dynasty
6387:Omar al-Mukhtar
6316:Ash'ari leaders
6311:
6298:
6267:
6242:
6012:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
5884:
5839:Muhammad 'Ilish
5821:Ahmad al-Tijani
5803:Ahmad al-Dardir
5572:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5538:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5491:
5486:
5468:
5457:Omar al-Mukhtar
5385:
5350:
5333:Sahl al-Tustari
5279:
5220:Malik ibn Dinar
5193:
5164:Kashf al-Mahjub
5146:Sufi literature
5140:
5136:Sufi philosophy
5069:
5003:
4994:
4974:Ahmad al-Tijani
4866:Ahmad al-Badawi
4852:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
4775:
4770:
4732:
4727:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4698:bin baz ahbash.
4691:
4689:
4687:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4603:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4450:
4441:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4169:(7): 124. 1994.
4161:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3663:on 9 March 2016
3660:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3520:on 9 March 2016
3517:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3487:
3480:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3391:Basic Reference
3384:
3383:
3374:
3367:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3315:
3314:
3305:
3298:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3180:on 13 May 2012.
3167:
3166:
3157:
3147:
3145:
3116:
3115:
3080:
3073:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3006:
3005:
2980:
2976:
2958:Nahdlatul Ulama
2943:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2925:Said Ismaigilov
2921:"sinister sect"
2913:Roman Silantiev
2910:
2894:
2858:al-Assad family
2854:
2841:
2821:
2809:
2772:
2731:
2708:
2684:
2675:
2642:
2612:
2564:
2559:
2492:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2328:Haqqani Anjuman
2168:
2158:
2157:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2080:Sufi psychology
2070:Sufi philosophy
1926:
1918:
1917:, Baghdad, Iraq
1896:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1874:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1615:
1600:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1469:
1460:
1450:
1449:
1448:14th AH/20th AD
1440:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1388:13th AH/19th AD
1380:
1379:
1376:
1371:Muhammad 'Ilish
1367:
1358:
1353:Ahmad al-Tijani
1349:
1340:
1331:
1326:Ahmad al-Dardir
1321:
1320:
1319:12th AH/18th AD
1311:
1310:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1270:11th AH/17th AD
1262:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1219:10th AH/16th AD
1211:
1210:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1113:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1056:(d. 807/1404-5)
1049:
1040:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
930:Ibn 'Ata' Allah
926:
916:
915:
906:
905:
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
847:
838:
829:
820:
810:
809:
800:
799:
796:
791:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
787:
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
724:
715:
706:
696:
695:
686:
685:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
608:(d. 430/1038-9)
601:
592:
583:
574:
564:
563:
554:
553:
550:
541:
531:
530:
520:
519:
508:
475:
438:
281:
265:Salafi movement
194:
187:
186:
183:
174:
164:
161:
108:
104:
81:
79:
76:
48:
47:
41:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6639:
6637:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6616:Sufism in Asia
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6588:
6587:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6556:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6444:Asas al-Taqdis
6441:
6435:
6429:
6428:Theology books
6425:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6390:
6384:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6363:Al-Ashraf Musa
6360:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6336:
6330:
6323:
6317:
6313:
6312:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6290:
6284:
6277:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6259:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6201:
6195:
6192:Hasan al-Attar
6189:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6141:
6135:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6057:
6051:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
6000:Al-Shahrastani
5997:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5875:Ahmed el-Tayeb
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5647:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad
5644:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5589:
5587:
5578:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5546:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5453:(d. 1302/1885)
5451:Muhammad Ahmad
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5358:
5356:
5355:4th AH/10th AD
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5315:Sari al-Saqati
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5256:Ibn al-Mubarak
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5210:
5208:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4978:
4964:
4950:
4936:
4922:
4912:
4898:
4884:
4870:
4856:
4842:
4828:
4814:
4800:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4730:External links
4728:
4726:
4725:
4702:
4685:
4671:Everyday Jihad
4659:
4641:
4614:
4601:
4588:
4562:
4556:978-1845190989
4555:
4537:
4518:
4504:
4485:
4466:
4439:
4405:
4392:Ahmed El-Tayeb
4368:
4361:
4343:
4325:
4297:
4265:
4259:978-0230623064
4258:
4237:
4215:
4206:
4199:
4193:. p. 55.
4172:
4154:
4148:978-9089644510
4147:
4127:
4113:
4090:
4057:
4035:
4028:
4010:
3982:
3973:
3964:
3958:978-0199812288
3957:
3939:
3933:978-0230623064
3932:
3906:
3892:
3874:
3859:
3831:
3816:
3805:. Islam Online
3793:
3771:
3760:. May 25, 1994
3741:
3704:
3674:
3633:
3627:978-0765620477
3626:
3600:
3583:
3577:978-9290797104
3576:
3556:
3549:
3531:
3485:
3478:
3449:
3423:
3372:
3366:978-0231146401
3365:
3341:
3335:978-0674025295
3334:
3303:
3297:978-0230605879
3296:
3278:
3272:978-0765617477
3271:
3240:
3203:(3): 346–365.
3183:
3174:Reuters Africa
3155:
3078:
3072:978-1857432121
3071:
3050:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2932:
2929:
2909:
2906:
2893:
2890:
2853:
2850:
2840:
2837:
2831:government of
2820:
2817:
2808:
2805:
2785:Lakemba Mosque
2771:
2768:
2730:
2727:
2707:
2704:
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2641:
2638:
2611:
2608:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:Notable modern
2373:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Sufi cosmology
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1767:Related groups
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1708:Umayyad Mosque
1705:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1643:Asas al-Taqdis
1639:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:(d. 1442/2021)
1507:
1504:(d. 1436/2015)
1498:
1495:(d. 1434/2013)
1489:
1486:(d. 1432/2010)
1480:
1477:(d. 1429/2008)
1470:
1467:(d. 1425/2004)
1461:
1458:(d. 1419/1998)
1451:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:(d. 1393/1973)
1428:
1425:(d. 1390/1970)
1419:
1416:(d. 1379/1960)
1410:
1407:(d. 1350/1931)
1401:
1398:(d. 1304/1886)
1391:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:(d. 1299/1882)
1368:
1359:
1356:(d. 1230/1815)
1350:
1347:(d. 1227/1812)
1341:
1338:(d. 1224/1809)
1332:
1329:(d. 1204/1786)
1322:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:(d. 1176/1762)
1299:
1296:(d. 1132/1720)
1290:
1288:(d. 1122/1710)
1283:
1280:(d. 1102/1691)
1273:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:(d. 1072/1662)
1250:
1247:(d. 1041/1631)
1241:
1238:(d. 1041/1632)
1232:
1229:(d. 1040/1631)
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1134:9th AH/15th AD
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1022:
1019:8th AH/14th AD
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
917:
914:7th AH/13th AD
913:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
848:
839:
830:
827:(d. 630/ 1233)
821:
811:
808:6th AH/12th AD
807:
806:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
788:
779:
773:Al-Shahrastani
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
697:
694:5th AH/11th AD
693:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:
584:
575:
565:
562:4th AH/10th AD
561:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
542:
532:
528:
527:
526:
521:
515:
514:
513:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
464:
456:
455:
449:
448:
437:
434:
430:Gülen movement
407:Osbat al-Ansar
376:fundamentalist
315:that preached
307:theology with
280:
277:
198:
197:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
158:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
118:
114:
113:
99:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
82:(as Al-Ahbash)
73:
69:
68:
65:
59:
58:
50:
49:
35:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6638:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6576:
6571:
6569:
6564:
6562:
6557:
6555:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6503:Ahl al-Hadith
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6405:Al-Muwahhidun
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6327:Nizam al-Mulk
6325:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6239:
6238:Gibril Haddad
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6210:Noah al-Qudah
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6150:Al-Qastallani
6148:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6108:Ibn al-Jazari
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5659:Ibn al-Qattan
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5547:
5545:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5297:Bishr al-Hafi
5295:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:3rd AH/9th AD
5282:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5238:Dawud al-Ta'i
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:2nd AH/8th AD
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:Notable Sufis
5196:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:Suhrawardiyya
4829:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:Naqshbandiyya
4801:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4713:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4688:
4686:9780674025295
4682:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4599:, pp.322-323.
4598:
4595:Barry Rubin,
4592:
4589:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4310:
4309:
4301:
4298:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4128:
4116:
4114:9781400873579
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4031:
4029:9781137322098
4025:
4021:
4014:
4011:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3910:
3907:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3841:
3840:Manar Al-Huda
3835:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3817:
3804:
3797:
3794:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3694:on 2018-07-04
3693:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3675:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3550:9780857714053
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3479:9781403982124
3475:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3434:
3427:
3424:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:Hariri family
2859:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2774:In 2011, the
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2737:for its anti-
2736:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:Amal Movement
2715:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2700:Tariq Ramadan
2697:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2634:Ibn Taymiyyah
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:United States
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:Ibn Taymiyyah
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Notable early
2369:
2368:
2365:List of sufis
2362:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:Ahl al-Hadith
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1205:(d. 977/1570)
1203:
1200:
1196:(d. 974/1567)
1194:
1191:
1187:(d. 973/1565)
1185:
1182:
1178:(d. 926/1520)
1176:
1173:
1169:(d. 923/1517)
1167:
1166:Al-Qastallani
1164:
1160:(d. 911/1505)
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:(d. 902/1497)
1142:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1120:(d. 899/1493)
1118:
1115:
1111:(d. 875/1470)
1109:
1105:
1101:(d. 864/1459)
1099:
1096:
1092:(d. 852/1449)
1090:
1087:
1083:(d. 833/1429)
1081:
1080:Ibn al-Jazari
1078:
1074:(d. 816/1413)
1072:
1069:
1065:(d. 808/1406)
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1047:(d. 806/1404)
1045:
1042:
1038:(d. 805/1405)
1036:
1033:
1029:(d. 803/1401)
1027:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1005:(d. 794/1392)
1003:
1000:
996:(d. 793/1390)
994:
991:
987:(d. 786/1384)
985:
982:
978:(d. 771/1370)
976:
973:
969:(d. 756/1355)
967:
964:
960:(d. 745/1344)
958:
955:
951:(d. 741/1340)
949:
946:
942:(d. 715/1315)
940:
937:
933:(d. 709/1309)
931:
928:
924:(d. 702/1302)
922:
919:
918:
910:
909:
900:(d. 687/1288)
898:
895:
889:
886:
882:(d. 684/1285)
880:
877:
873:(d. 676/1277)
871:
868:
864:(d. 671/1272)
862:
859:
855:(d. 660/1262)
853:
849:
845:(d. 646/1248)
843:
840:
836:(d. 631/1233)
834:
831:
825:
822:
818:(d. 606/1209)
816:
813:
812:
804:
803:
794:(d. 578/1182)
792:
789:
785:(d. 571/1176)
783:
780:
776:(d. 548/1153)
774:
771:
767:(d. 544/1149)
765:
764:Al-Qadi 'Iyad
762:
758:(d. 543/1148)
756:
753:
749:(d. 536/1141)
747:
744:
740:(d. 520/1126)
738:
735:
731:(d. 513/1119)
729:
726:
720:
717:
713:(d. 505/1111)
711:
708:
704:(d. 502/1108)
702:
699:
698:
690:
689:
680:(d. 478/1085)
678:
675:
671:(d. 476/1083)
669:
666:
662:(d. 474/1081)
660:
657:
653:(d. 465/1072)
651:
648:
644:(d. 463/1071)
642:
639:
635:(d. 458/1066)
633:
630:
626:(d. 450/1058)
624:
621:
617:(d. 434/1043)
615:
612:
606:
603:
599:(d. 429/1037)
597:
594:
590:(d. 418/1027)
588:
585:
581:(d. 406/1015)
579:
576:
572:(d. 403/1013)
570:
567:
566:
558:
557:
546:
543:
537:
534:
533:
529:3rd AH/9th AD
525:
524:
518:
512:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:
469:
462:
458:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
435:
433:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:lower classes
341:
337:
336:philanthropic
334:, as a small
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
293:
285:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
239:
230:
226:
217:
208:
204:
192:
181:
172:
167:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
107:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
74:
70:
66:
64:
60:
56:
51:
45:
29:
26:
22:
6527:
6401:(d. 1382 AH)
6395:(d. 1354 AH)
6389:(d. 1350 AH)
6383:(d. 1300 AH)
6262:Ibn al-Jawzi
6233:Ali al-Jifri
6224:(d. 1434 AH)
6218:(d. 1432 AH)
6212:(d. 1432 AH)
6206:(d. 1379 AH)
6200:(d. 1304 AH)
6194:(d. 1230 AH)
6188:(d. 1132 AH)
6182:(d. 1031 AH)
6024:Ibn al-Salah
5871:(d. 1425 AH)
5865:(d. 1419 AH)
5859:(d. 1397 AH)
5853:(d. 1393 AH)
5847:(d. 1380 AH)
5841:(d. 1299 AH)
5835:(d. 1276 AH)
5829:(d. 1230 AH)
5823:(d. 1230 AH)
5817:(d. 1224 AH)
5811:(d. 1208 AH)
5805:(d. 1201 AH)
5799:(d. 1122 AH)
5793:(d. 1102 AH)
5787:(d. 1090 AH)
5781:(d. 1072 AH)
5775:(d. 1041 AH)
5769:(d. 1041 AH)
5763:(d. 1036 AH)
5737:Ahmad Zarruq
5689:Ibn Adjurrum
5635:Ibn Barrajan
5599:Al-Baqillani
5465:(d. 1354 AH)
5459:(d. 1350 AH)
5447:(d. 1300 AH)
5441:(d. 1287 AH)
5435:(d. 1278 AH)
5429:(d. 1277 AH)
5423:(d. 1118 AH)
5390:Sufi leaders
5126:Sufi studies
4980:
4966:
4954:Ba 'Alawiyya
4952:
4938:
4924:
4914:
4900:
4886:
4872:
4858:
4844:
4830:
4816:
4802:
4788:
4716:. Retrieved
4705:
4697:
4690:. Retrieved
4670:
4662:
4653:
4644:
4632:. Retrieved
4628:the original
4617:
4609:
4604:
4596:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4575:
4565:
4546:
4540:
4531:
4521:
4507:
4498:
4488:
4479:
4469:
4456:
4421:. Retrieved
4415:
4408:
4382:. Retrieved
4371:
4352:
4346:
4337:
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4307:
4300:
4287:. Retrieved
4278:
4249:
4231:
4218:
4209:
4185:
4166:
4157:
4137:
4130:
4118:. Retrieved
4103:
4081:. Retrieved
4074:the original
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4038:
4019:
4013:
4001:. Retrieved
3992:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3948:
3942:
3917:
3909:
3886:
3868:
3862:
3848:cite journal
3839:
3834:
3825:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3774:
3762:. Retrieved
3757:
3732:. Retrieved
3727:
3696:. Retrieved
3692:the original
3687:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3658:the original
3653:
3649:
3636:
3611:
3603:
3586:
3566:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3522:. Retrieved
3515:the original
3510:
3506:
3463:
3440:. Retrieved
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3394:
3390:
3351:
3344:
3319:
3287:
3281:
3256:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3178:the original
3173:
3146:. Retrieved
3126:
3122:
3062:
3012:
3008:
2945:Islam portal
2920:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2892:Saudi Arabia
2878:
2855:
2842:
2833:Meles Zenawi
2827:accused the
2822:
2810:
2773:
2759:
2732:
2716:
2709:
2685:
2676:
2643:
2615:
2613:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2571:
2565:
2562:Syncreticism
2552:
2497:
2308:Ni'matullāhī
2273:Sülaymaniyya
2258:Maizbhandari
1801:
1679:Institutions
1663:
1656:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1483:Nuh al-Qudah
1117:Ahmad Zarruq
993:Al-Taftazani
897:Ibn al-Nafis
842:Ibn al-Hajib
824:Ibn al-Athir
569:Al-Baqillani
548:(d. 371/982)
539:(d. 324/936)
466:
427:
411:Nizar Halabi
400:
389:
340:spiritualist
329:
298:
262:
242:
224:
202:
201:
88:Headquarters
25:
6508:Ahl al-Ra'y
6377:(d. 741 AH)
6371:(d. 658 AH)
6365:(d. 635 AH)
6359:(d. 635 AH)
6353:(d. 615 AH)
6347:(d. 589 AH)
6341:(d. 558 AH)
6335:(d. 500 AH)
6329:(d. 485 AH)
6295:(d. 745 AH)
6289:(d. 592 AH)
6283:(d. 524 AH)
6264:(d. 534 AH)
6258:(d. 508 AH)
6176:(d. 977 AH)
6170:(d. 974 AH)
6164:(d. 973 AH)
6162:Al-Sha'rani
6158:(d. 926 AH)
6152:(d. 923 AH)
6146:(d. 918 AH)
6140:(d. 911 AH)
6134:(d. 911 AH)
6128:(d. 902 AH)
6122:(d. 852 AH)
6116:(d. 845 AH)
6110:(d. 833 AH)
6104:(d. 807 AH)
6098:(d. 806 AH)
6092:(d. 794 AH)
6090:Al-Zarkashi
6086:(d. 786 AH)
6080:(d. 771 AH)
6074:(d. 764 AH)
6068:(d. 756 AH)
6062:(d. 742 AH)
6056:(d. 728 AH)
6050:(d. 702 AH)
6044:(d. 685 AH)
6038:(d. 676 AH)
6032:(d. 660 AH)
6026:(d. 643 AH)
6020:(d. 606 AH)
6014:(d. 578 AH)
6008:(d. 571 AH)
6006:Ibn 'Asakir
6002:(d. 548 AH)
5996:(d. 516 AH)
5990:(d. 505 AH)
5984:(d. 502 AH)
5978:(d. 478 AH)
5972:(d. 471 AH)
5966:(d. 476 AH)
5960:(d. 465 AH)
5958:Al-Qushayri
5954:(d. 463 AH)
5948:(d. 458 AH)
5942:(d. 430 AH)
5936:(d. 429 AH)
5930:(d. 427 AH)
5928:Al-Tha'labi
5924:(d. 418 AH)
5918:(d. 406 AH)
5912:(d. 405 AH)
5906:(d. 371 AH)
5900:(d. 354 AH)
5880:Hamza Yusuf
5757:(d. 954 AH)
5751:(d. 953 AH)
5745:(d. 914 AH)
5739:(d. 899 AH)
5733:(d. 876 AH)
5727:(d. 808 AH)
5725:Ibn Khaldun
5721:(d. 803 AH)
5715:(d. 790 AH)
5709:(d. 776 AH)
5703:(d. 741 AH)
5697:(d. 737 AH)
5691:(d. 723 AH)
5685:(d. 709 AH)
5679:(d. 702 AH)
5673:(d. 684 AH)
5667:(d. 672 AH)
5661:(d. 628 AH)
5655:(d. 581 AH)
5649:(d. 544 AH)
5643:(d. 543 AH)
5637:(d. 536 AH)
5631:(d. 536 AH)
5625:(d. 520 AH)
5619:(d. 474 AH)
5613:(d. 458 AH)
5607:(d. 430 AH)
5601:(d. 403 AH)
5595:(d. 386 AH)
5439:Imam Shamil
5417:(d. 886 AH)
5411:(d. 642 AH)
5405:(d. 630 AH)
5399:(d. 589 AH)
5382:(d. 380 AH)
5376:(d. 386 AH)
5370:(d. 334 AH)
5364:(d. 303 AH)
5347:(d. 295 AH)
5335:(d. 283 AH)
5323:(d. 258 AH)
5317:(d. 253 AH)
5311:(d. 245 AH)
5305:(d. 243 AH)
5299:(d. 227 AH)
5276:(d. 200 AH)
5270:(d. 194 AH)
5264:(d. 188 AH)
5258:(d. 181 AH)
5252:(d. 180 AH)
5246:(d. 177 AH)
5240:(d. 165 AH)
5234:(d. 161 AH)
5228:(d. 160 AH)
5222:(d. 128 AH)
5216:(d. 110 AH)
5131:Sufi poetry
4946:Bayram Wali
4916:Khalwatiyya
4888:Shadhiliyya
4781:Sufi orders
4718:12 February
3728:ISIM Review
3592:Lord Mayhew
3387:"Al-Ahbash"
2825:Addis Ababa
2729:Controversy
2626:Sayyid Qutb
2540:Sayyid Qutb
2518:school and
2504:Sunni Islam
2439:Persecution
2166:Sufi orders
2075:Sufi poetry
1184:Al-Sha'rani
1062:Ibn Khaldun
782:Ibn 'Asakir
650:Al-Qushayri
499:Ahl al-Ra'y
489:Sunni Islam
415:Grand Mufti
317:nonviolence
313:eclecticism
273:Sunni Islam
219:, English:
6590:Categories
6281:Ibn Tumart
6126:Al-Sakhawi
6114:Al-Maqrizi
6042:Al-Baydawi
5994:Al-Baghawi
5988:Al-Ghazali
5976:Al-Juwayni
5946:Al-Bayhaqi
5904:Ibn Khafif
5898:Ibn Hibban
5785:Ibn 'Ashir
5749:Al-Akhdari
5719:Ibn 'Arafa
5701:Ibn Juzayy
5653:Al-Suhayli
4940:Bayramiyya
4926:Rahmaniyya
4818:Chishtiyya
4362:0231134991
4318:27 October
4289:27 October
4003:27 October
3698:2018-07-04
3442:28 October
3218:1887/27585
2974:References
2752:Presidents
2617:wasatiyyah
2610:Moderation
2508:Shia Islam
2434:Sufi music
2203:Suhrawardi
2193:Naqshbandi
1597:Al-Iqtisad
1226:Ibn 'Ashir
1141:Al-Sakhawi
1026:Ibn 'Arafa
948:Ibn Juzayy
888:Al-Baydawi
861:Al-Qurtubi
710:Al-Ghazali
677:Al-Juwayni
632:Al-Bayhaqi
623:Al-Mawardi
545:Ibn Khafif
494:Al-Ash'ari
480:Background
473:Ibn Tumart
396:Kery James
102:Pragmatism
6596:Al-Ahbash
6528:Al-Ahbash
6464:Al-Irshad
6287:Ibn Mada'
6256:Ibn 'Aqil
6228:Ali Gomaa
6180:Al-Munawi
6132:Al-Suyuti
6072:Al-Safadi
6036:Al-Nawawi
5916:Ibn Furak
5755:Al-Hattab
5665:Ibn Malik
5629:Al-Maziri
5611:Ibn Sidah
5421:Aurangzeb
5291:Al-Darani
5040:Muraqabah
5008:Practices
4982:Idrisiyya
4968:Tijaniyya
4908:Ibn Arabi
4902:Akbariyya
4874:Desuqiyya
4860:Badawiyya
4846:Rifa'iyya
4790:Qadiriyya
4431:Ali Gomaa
4384:March 27,
3411:154765577
3227:1753-1055
3143:154765577
3029:0020-7438
2881:Hezbollah
2829:Ethiopian
2813:Ali Gomaa
2811:In 2003,
2770:Australia
2756:Ali Gomaa
2723:Mustaqbal
2667:Mu'tazila
2544:pluralism
2338:Issawiyya
2313:Qalandari
2278:Salihiyya
2173:Ba 'Alawi
2133:Muraqabah
2112:Practices
1807:Deobandis
1802:Al-Ahbash
1780:Maturidis
1590:Al-Irshad
1344:Ibn Kiran
1157:Al-Suyuti
870:Al-Nawawi
746:Al-Mazari
728:Ibn 'Aqil
578:Ibn Furak
453:Ash'arism
425:in 1997.
423:assassins
269:Wahhabism
216:al-aḥbāsh
203:Al-Ahbash
184:(English)
21:Al-Habash
6547:Maturidi
6487:See also
6357:Al-Kamil
6248:Hanbalis
6222:Al-Bouti
5890:Shafi'is
5555:Category
5179:Al-Burda
5065:Tawakkul
5060:Tabarruk
5055:Tawassul
5050:Tazkiyah
4692:11 April
4654:Yalibnan
4634:July 17,
4581:13 April
4462:Al-Azhar
4435:Al-Azhar
4423:March 2,
4401:Habashis
4396:Al-Azhar
4083:July 17,
3809:July 17,
3786:July 17,
3764:July 17,
3734:10 April
3667:12 April
3524:12 April
3416:27 April
3235:33389563
3148:10 April
3045:55520804
2931:See also
2819:Ethiopia
2764:Al-Azhar
2748:Al-Azhar
2650:Wahhabis
2580:Shafi'is
2576:Ash'aris
2528:Islamist
2298:Shattari
2263:Malamati
2213:Khalwati
2198:Shadhili
2178:Bektashi
2148:Whirling
2118:Anasheed
2045:Qalandar
1913:Tomb of
1887:a series
1885:Part of
1842:Category
1812:Barelvis
1583:Al-Insaf
445:a series
443:Part of
195:(Arabic)
117:Religion
97:Ideology
6626:Ash'ari
6567:Shafi'i
6345:Saladin
6273:Zahiris
5585:Malikis
5096:Karamat
5030:Ziyarat
4457:Reuters
4120:17 July
4050:12 July
3688:Insamer
3037:4129146
2953:Barelvi
2917:Ukraine
2908:Ukraine
2852:Lebanon
2692:Wahhabi
2658:Gabriel
2604:Tariqas
2600:Ziyarat
2592:Ottoman
2520:Ash'ari
2444:Ziyarat
2429:History
2419:Ma'rifa
2381:Singers
2343:Jerrahi
2333:Inayati
2293:Mevlevi
2288:Kubrawi
2283:Azeemia
2268:Mouridi
2253:Jelveti
2248:Bayrami
2238:Darqawi
2218:Rahmani
2188:Chishti
2153:Ziyarat
2138:Qawwali
2090:Tazkiah
2055:Silsila
2030:Murshid
2015:Ma'rifa
1995:Karamat
1950:Dervish
1774:Classic
421:of his
384:mosques
372:radical
358:in the
348:Tripoli
279:History
258:Lebanon
245:) is a
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