Khidr - Knowledge (XXG)

971: 1005:. As with Moses and al-Khiḍr, Joshua asks to follow Elijah, who agrees under the condition that the former not question any actions he may take. One night, Joshua and Elijah are hosted by a poor man who owns only a cow, which Elijah slaughters. The next day, they are refused hospitality by a rich man, but the Prophet fixes the man's wall without receiving pay. Finally, the two are refused hospitality by people at a rich synagogue but hosted by a group of poor people. Elijah prays to God to turn everyone in the rich synagogue into rulers, but says that only one person out of the latter should rule. When Joshua questions the Prophet, the Prophet explains that he killed the cow as a replacement for the soul of the man's wife, who was due to die that day; that he fixed the wall because there was treasure underneath it that the rich man would otherwise have found while fixing it himself; and that his prayer was because a land under a single ruler is preferable to one with multiple ones. 362:, malicious or somber, actually are merciful. The boat was damaged to prevent its owners from falling into the hands of a king who seized every boat by force. And as for the boy, his parents were believers and we feared lest he should make disobedience and ingratitude to come upon them. God will replace the child with one better in purity, affection and obedience. As for the restored wall, the Servant explained that underneath the wall was a treasure belonging to two helpless orphans whose father was a righteous man. As God's envoy, the Servant restored the wall, showing God's kindness by rewarding the piety of the orphans' father, and so that when the wall becomes weak again and collapses, the orphans will be older and stronger and will take the treasure that belongs to them." 1049:, includes the conclusion of a narrative involving an angel and a monk, in which the angel explains certain strange actions he had presumably taken in earlier, now lost sections of the narrative. The angel had stolen a cup from a generous host, because he knew that the cup was stolen and that their host would be unwittingly sinning if he continued to possess it. He had killed the son of another generous host, because he knew that the boy would grow to be a sinner if he reached adulthood but would go to heaven if he died before committing his sins. Finally, the angel had repaired the wall of a man who had refused them hospitality, because he knew that there was treasure underneath that the man would otherwise have found. The tale of the angel and the monk is part of a wider 1032:

align more closely to the elaborations of later Islamic commentaries rather than the concise narrative of the Quran itself. For example, the Jewish story involves Ben Levi purposely seeking out Elijah just as God tells Moses to seek out al-Khiḍr in the Islamic commentaries, whereas the Quran itself never states whether the meeting between Moses and al-Khiḍr is intentional or accidental. A close association between Elijah and al-Khiḍr is also first attested from a number of early Islamic sources. Ben Jacob may have changed the character of the disciple from Moses to Joshua ben Levi because he was wary of attributing negative qualities to the Jewish prophet and because Ben Levi was already a familiar recurrent character in

789:(ascension) of Muhammad whom Moses had desired to see and was shown in this vision. The nature of the dialogue between Moses and the "Servant of God" and the relationship between them is seen as indicative of the personal characteristics of Moses and Muhammad as well as those of their respective followers; Khiḍr's seemingly inappropriate actions and the wisdom behind them are understood with reference to salient features of Muhammad's life and teachings; and the entire Quranic narrative is understood as being expressive of Muhammad's spiritual superiority over Moses and the supersession of the Judaic dispensation by the Islamic one. 812: 1140:

this argument recently (2019) revised it. While the two figures share characteristic parallels in many ways, historical analysis has shown that it is misleading to consider only this symbolic harmony. According to this view, although Khidr has some common features arising from the mythological personality of Eliyah transferred from Kothar and Hasis, he is in fact a syncretic form of Enoch and Eliyah. Because the Quranic story about Khidr who is mentioned anonymously in the surat al-Kahf, is basically the Enochian version of an Eliyah story. A small theory suggested that al-Khidr is another name for the

637: 756:, interprets al-Khiḍr as the mysterious prophet, the eternal wanderer. The function of al-Khiḍr as a 'person-archetype' is to reveal each disciple to himself, to lead each disciple to his own theophany, because that theophany corresponds to his own 'inner heaven,' to the form of his own being, to his eternal individuality. Accordingly, al-Khiḍr is Moses' spiritual guide, who initiates Moses into the divine sciences, and reveals to him the secret mystic truth. The Moroccan Sufi Abdul Aziz ad-Dabbagh describes al-Khiḍr as acting in the guidance of divine revelation ( 351:

have patience with me. And how can you have patience about things about which your understanding is not complete?" Moses promises to be patient and obey him unquestioningly, and they set out together. After they board a ship, the Servant of God damages the vessel. Forgetting his oath, Moses says, "Have you made a hole in it to drown its inmates? Certainly you have done a grievous thing." The Servant reminds Moses of his warning, "Did I not say that you will not be able to have patience with me?" and Moses pleads not to be rebuked.

803: 7816: 7805: 745:, by carrying out seemingly unjust actions. Al-Khiḍr repeatedly breaks his oath not to speak out against Gabriel's actions, and is still unaware that the human teacher is actually Gabriel. Gabriel then explains his actions, and reveals his true angelic form to al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr recognises him as the Archangel Gabriel, and then Gabriel bestows a spiritual title upon al-Khiḍr, by calling him 584: 371: 7348: 3270: 1057:. French historian Roger Paret points out that the Moschus story is much more closely aligned to the Quranic episode than the Jewish legend; for instance, the angel in the Greek story and the "servant of God" in the Quran are both anonymous and vaguely defined, in contrast to the named figures of the Jewish Elijah or Khiḍr in Islamic exegesis. 58: 480:, called "The Tale of al-Khiḍr and His History; and the History of Moses and His Servant Joshua." Al-Tabari describes several versions of the traditional story surrounding al-Khiḍr. At the beginning of the chapter, al-Tabari explains that in some variations, al-Khiḍr is a contemporary of the mythical Persian king 1238:, a river spirit of wells and streams. He is mentioned in the Sikandar-nama as the saint who presides over the well of immortality, and is revered by both Hindus and Muslims. He is sometimes pictured as an old man dressed in green, and is believed to ride upon a fish. His principal shrine is on an island of the 1139:

in their struggle with a dragon. Both are also known as "sailor" figures who are symbolically associated with sea, lake and rivers. Khidr often has some characteristics of a sailor, even in cultural areas which are not directly linked to the sea, like mountainous Dersim. However, the scholar who made

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than to other stories by Ben Jacob with clear Talmudic origins. Noting that Ben Jacob's compilation includes other stories with clear Islamic antecedents, Wheeler also suggests that the Jewish story of Elijah was created under Islamic influence, remarking that its parallels with the story of al-Khiḍr

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meets the Servant of God, referred to in the Quran as "one of our slaves whom We had granted mercy from Us and whom We had taught knowledge from Ourselves". Muslim scholars identify him as Khiḍr, although he is not explicitly named in the Quran and there is no reference to him being immortal or being

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Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the

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community and a symbol of their enduring faith and resilience. Additionally, Saint George is regarded as a protector and healer in Druze tradition. The story of Saint George slaying the dragon is interpreted allegorically, representing the triumph of good over evil and the protection of the faithful

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more or less parallel each other and the account in the Quran. However, in the stories al-Tabari recounts, Moses claims to be the most knowledgeable man on earth, and God corrects him by telling him to seek out al-Khiḍr. Moses is told to bring a salted fish, and once he found the fish to be missing,

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Next, the Servant of God kills a young man. Moses again cries out in astonishment and dismay, and again the Servant reminds Moses of his warning, and Moses promises that he will not violate his oath again, and that if he does he will excuse himself from the Servant's presence. They then proceed to a

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The Quran states that they meet at the junction of two seas, where a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat has escaped. Moses asks for permission to accompany the Servant of God so Moses can learn "right knowledge of what been taught". The Servant informs him that "Surely you cannot

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and later it may have been assimilated to the Arabic 'al-akhḍar'. Finally, it has been suggested that the name of Khidr is derived from Arabic 'hadara', a verb meaning 'to be present' or 'be in the presence', and it was explained over time by a similar Arabic word meaning 'green', ("al-akhḍar") 'to

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In the Quranic narrative which immediately precedes Moses's encounter with Khiḍr, a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat escapes into the sea, and the prophet encounters Khiḍr when he returns to the place where the fish escaped. The episode of the fish is generally thought to derive

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town where they are denied hospitality. This time, instead of harming anyone or anything, the Servant of God restores a decrepit wall in the village. Yet again Moses is amazed and violates his oath for the third and last time, asking why the Servant did not at least exact "some recompense for it."

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with esoteric knowledge from the gods, who Gilgamesh unsuccessfully consults in order to attain immortality. Khiḍr is similar to Utnapishtim in that they are both considered immortal—although the former's immortality is mentioned only in later Islamic sources, not the Qur'an, and this immortality

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In Sufi tradition, al-Khiḍr holds a distinguished position as a figure who receives illumination directly from God without human mediation. He is considered to be alive and many respected figures, shaykhs, and prominent leaders in the Sufi community claim to have had personal encounters with him.

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Al-Khiḍr is a figure in Islamic tradition who is believed to have the appearance of a young adult but with a long, white beard. According to some authors, al-Khiḍr is Xerxes, a 6th-century Sasanian prince who disappeared after finding the fountain of life and sought to live his remaining life in

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The source of the Quranic episode of Moses' journey with al-Khiḍr has been the subject of different opinions of various scholars. Like some other scholars, Brannon notes that the story does not appear to have any direct Christian or Jewish antecedent. But a very recent study has shown that the

271:(Moses) about the many seemingly unfair or inappropriate actions he (Al-Khidr) takes (sinking a ship, killing a young man, repaying inhospitality by repairing a wall). At the end of the story Khidr explains the circumstances unknown to Moses that made each of the actions fair and appropriate. 488:

the Elder, who in this version is identified as the king Afridun. In this specific version, al-Khiḍr comes across the River of Life and, unaware of its properties, drinks from it and becomes immortal. Al-Tabari also recounts that al-Khiḍr is said to have been the son of a man who believed in

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believed that Khidr, a figure in Islamic tradition, is alive and at the second degree of life. Some religious scholars have doubts about this belief. He said al-Khidr and Elijah were free and able to be present in multiple places at the same time. They do not have to eat or drink and are not

762:) as do other saints, without requiring prophethood. In comparison to other saints, God gave al-Khiḍr the powers and the knowledge of the highest ranking saint (al-ghawth), such as the power of free disposal reaching far beyond the Arsh and having all God-sent scriptures in memory. 515:

Al-Tabari seems more inclined to believe that al-Khiḍr lived during the time of Afridun before Moses, rather than traveled as Abraham's companion and drank the water of life. He does not state clearly why he has this preference, but rather seems to prefer the chain of sources (the

1568:""Hızır versus Hızır: Kültür Tarihi, Din Sosyolojisi ve Astroloji Bağlamında Dersim Aleviliğinde Xızır", in Kızılbaşlık, Alevilik, Bektaşilik (Tarih-Kimlik-İnanç-Ritüel), Derleyenler: Yalçın Çakmak – İmran Gürtaş, İstanbul, 2015: İletişim | Gürdal Aksoy" 711:

Sufis, who enter the mystical path without being initiated by a living master, instead following the guiding light of earlier masters or, in their belief system, by being initiated by al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr had thus come to symbolize access to the divine mystery

310:). Therefore, the meaning of the name has traditionally been taken to be "the Green One" or "the Verdant One". Some contemporary scholars have disagreed with this assessment; however some others point to a possible reference to the Mesopotamian figure 430:

A powerful-looking, fine-featured, handsome man with a white beard came leaping over the backs of the people till he reached where the sacred body lay. Weeping bitterly, he turned toward the Companions and paid his condolences. Ali said that he was

1265:, a rare model spaceship capable of instantaneous travel between two points, attempts to stop an unidentified creature that is annihilating intelligent life on planets throughout the universe, he is haunted by repeating vision of meeting al-Khiḍr. 970: 528:

he would then find al-Khiḍr. Moses sets out with a travel companion, and once they reach a certain rock, the fish comes to life, jumps into the water, and swims away. It is at this point that Moses and his companion meet al-Khiḍr.

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by an anonymous author, al-Khiḍr is asked by Dhul-Qarnayn to lead him and his armies to the Water of Life. Al-Khiḍr agrees, and eventually stumbles upon the Water of Life on his own. Khidr's role is expanded in the 13th-century

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restricted by human needs. There is a level of sainthood called "the degree of Khidr" where a person receives instruction from Khidr and meets with him. However, sometimes the person at this level is mistaken for Khidr himself.

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only means very long life since in Islam everyone except God will die at the end —and in that Moses encounters Khiḍr at the "meeting place of the two waters", while Gilgamesh visits Utnapishtim at the "mouth of the waters".

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were visited by a good looking, well dressed man who asked them a series of questions. Hasan answered the questions and upon this, the man testified to the prophet-hood of Muhammad followed by testifying that Ali and his

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through the Arabization of his nickname, "Hasisatra". According to another view, the name Khidr is not an Arabic variant or an abbreviation of Hasisatra, but it may have been derived from the name of the Canaanite god

944:("the green shrine"). The name of the shrine derives from the greenness of the foliage growing around the sanctuary. It is still a functional temple and the holiest site for present-day Zoroastrians living in Iran. 1224:, the select portion given to champions, at feasts; ultimately, Cú Chulainn is the only one willing to let a giant — actually a king who has magically disguised himself — cut off his head, as per their agreement. 3034: 402:

and al-Khiḍr meet every year and spend the month of Ramadan in Jerusalem. Another report states that a man seen walking with Umar II was actually al-Khiḍr. It is also narrated that Al-Khiḍr met with

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Schwarzbaum has argued that the Quranic narrative originated in a Late Antique context in which Christian theodicy legends involving monks were popular, with being the equivalent of the Christian

3307: 1123:. Both characters have some surprisingly common features. For example, Kothar and Khidr possess wisdom and secret knowledge. Both figures are involved in the slaying of a dragon. Kothar helps 1068:

with knowledge derived directly from the Divine." Schwarzbaum also speculated of an ultimately Jewish prototype for Khiḍr, possibly a legend involving Moses becoming a disciple of the future

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The Servant of God replies, "This shall be separation between me and you; now I will inform you of the significance of that with which you could not have patience. Many acts which seem to be

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The reverence for Saint George, who is often identified with Al-Khidr, is deeply integrated into various aspects of Druze culture and religious practices. He is seen as a guardian of the

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appears, a believer will challenge him, who will be sliced into two pieces and rejoined, making it appear that he caused him to die and be resurrected, and this person will be al-Khiḍr.

1208:. In the story, the Green Knight tempts the faith of Sir Gawain three times. The character of al-Khiḍr may have come into European literature through the mixing of cultures during the 428:

from amongst the rest of the companions, and where he came to show his grief and sadness at the death of Muhammad. Al-Khiḍr's appearance at Muhammad's funeral is related as follows:

1076:. While agreeing that the Quranic story "combines disparate elements from motifs current in late antiquity", Wheeler rejects Schwarzbaum's connection between Rabbi Akiva and Khiḍr. 737:

to guide him. Gabriel appears to al-Khiḍr as a wise human sage, and al-Khiḍr accepts him as his teacher. Gabriel teaches al-Khiḍr much in the same way as al-Khiḍr later teaches

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are the successors and heir to his message. Ali asked Hasan to track the whereabouts of the visitor, but when he could not, Ali revealed the identity of the man to be Khidr.

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in which his story is cited. According to Ahmadi commentaries, Moses' journey towards, and his meeting with the "servant of God" was a visionary experience similar to the

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a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druzes appreciated the two saints for their bravery:

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reports that al-Khiḍr got his name after he was present over the surface of some ground that became green as a result of his presence there. There are reports from

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as holy, and they identify Elijah as "El-Khidr", the green prophet who symbolizes water and life, a miracle who cures the sick. The Druze typically view El Khidr,

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himself. Ahmadis believe that the Quranic passage of Moses' encounter with the "Servant of God" is closely linked, contextually, to the subject matter of surah

484:, who was a contemporary of Abraham, and lived before the days of Moses. Al-Khiḍr is also said to have been appointed to be over the vanguard of the king 3293: 1164:, although many Islamic scholars have rejected this claim as Alexander the Great was a polytheist. In one version, al-Khiḍr and Dhul-Qarnayn cross the 7506: 6939: 1039:

Another early story similar to the tale of Khiḍr is of Christian provenance. A damaged and non-standard thirteenth-century Greek manuscript of the

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from Iran, India and other countries make a pilgrimage to Yazd in Iran to worship at a hillside grotto containing the sacred spring dedicated to

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Theo Maarten van Lint, "The Gift of Poetry: Khidr and John the Baptist as Patron Saints of Muslim and Armenian Âšīqs – Ašułs", Van Ginkel J.J.,

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argued as early as in 1960 that the story appeared to be "utterly dependent upon the Koranic text", with even the language more akin to typical

7271: 1610: 3105: 2327: 1428: 1386: 1314: 7511: 7887: 5091: 1793:; J. Mackley, "St. George: patron saint of England?", paper presented to: Staff Researches Seminar, University of Northapmton, 5 May 2011 2880: 7486: 5005: 3245: 3189: 2631: 2570: 2535: 2510: 2474: 2449: 2421: 2150: 1982: 1963: 1689: 1525: 1483: 1449: 1407: 1180:, King Ṣaʿb was given the epithet Dhu al-Qarnayn by al-Khidr after meeting him in Jerusalem. There are also several versions of the 623: 811: 4085: 4081: 3843: 926:

There are many figures in Iran whose place Khidr took by the Islamization process. One of them is paradoxically a female figure,

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also gives a unique account of al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr was on a long search for God, until God, out of his mercy, sends the Archangel

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in meeting one Sheikh Hassan ibn Muthlih Jamkarani, on 22 February 984 CE (17 Ramadan 373 A.H.) and instructing him to build

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Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh = al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh

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Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh = al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh

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In one of the most influential hypotheses on the source of the al-Khiḍr story, the early twentieth-century Dutch historian

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Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries

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Some scholars, including Wensinck, have argued that certain elements of the story of Moses and Khiḍr show influence from

7867: 7551: 4123: 726:’’ (‘those who take turns’). In Sufi hierarchy, ‘’abdāl’’ is a mysterious rank of which al-Khiḍr is the spiritual head. 512:. According to this version of al-Khiḍr's story, al-Khiḍr and Elijah meet every year during the annual festival season. 473: 7531: 6475: 4726: 4717: 4594: 4373: 899: 872: 535:

that al-Khiḍr ("the Green" or "the Verdant") was named because he sat on a white fur and it shimmered green with him.

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especially associated with esoteric knowledge or fertility. These associations come in later scholarship on al-Khiḍr.

282:) believe that Khidr is still alive, whereas for others there are contradictory, more reliable narrations and ayahs. 194:

possessing great wisdom or mystic knowledge. In various Islamic and non-Islamic traditions, Khidr is described as an

7882: 7862: 7857: 7842: 7465: 7332: 7264: 7228: 4942: 955:. Here the worshippers pray for the fertilising rain and celebrate the greening of nature and the renewal of life. 202:, who guards the sea, teaches secret knowledge and aids those in distress. He prominently figures as patron of the 594: 7852: 4897: 3725: 1758: 1596:, Berkeley, 1999, University of California Press; F.W. Hasluck, 'Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda', 570:, al-Khiḍr is considered one of the 'permanent Imams'; that is, those who have guided people throughout history. 274:

Many mystics and some scholars who give credence to Abu Ishaq's narration of a hadith about Khidr's meeting with

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Wheeler, Brannon M. (1998a). "The Jewish Origins of Qurʾān 18:65–82? Reexamining Arent Jan Wensinck's Theory".

5485: 2025:[Surat al-Kahf in the Context of the Hellenistic and Enochic Judaism; Moses, Khidr and Dhu'l-Qarnayn]. 1061:, a scholar of Islamic theology, has regarded the Moschus tale as the likely source of the Quranic narrative. 2542:

the Druze believe that al - Khidr corresponds to St George in Christianity and to the Prophet Yahya in Islam.

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as one and the same, successive reincarnation of one soul, in keeping with their beliefs in these concepts.

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Gürdal Aksoy, "Dersim Alevi Kürt Mitolojisi", Raa Haq'da Dinsel Figürler", Istanbul, 2006, Komal yayınları,

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Qur'anic story is full of Jewish symbols, even if we cannot historically identify its likely original form.

669: 387: 7242:= While the figure has been revered by many Muslims as a saint, status as a prophet is not accepted by all. 1172:. Dhul-Qarnayn gets lost looking for the spring but al-Khiḍr finds it and gains eternal life. According to 7752: 7669: 7647: 7546: 7536: 7372: 7210: 7186: 7134: 5741: 4996: 4937: 4628: 4307: 1112: 1065: 906:

and won over them. In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druzes were attracted to

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is dedicated to Anahita. Among the Zoroastrians, for the pilgrims to Yazd, the most important of the six

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as a servant of God who has been given "knowledge" and who is accompanied and questioned by the prophet

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Sahih Muslim 2538a; In-book reference: Book 44, Hadith 310; English translation: Book 31, Hadith 6162;

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Sahih Muslim 2938a; In-book reference: Book 54, Hadith 136; English translation: Book 41, Hadith 7017;

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Zuwiyya, Z. David (2011). "The Alexander Romance in the Arabic Tradition". In Z. David Zuwiyya (ed.).

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Though not mentioned by name in the Quran, he is named by Islamic scholars as the figure described in

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Spain to England: A Comparative Study of Arabic, European, and English Literature of the Middle Ages.

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Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

3123: 718:) itself, and in the writings of Abd al-Karim al-Jili, al-Khiḍr rules over ‘the Men of the Unseen' ( 504:, even equated with him, and al-Tabari makes a distinction in the next account in which al-Khiḍr is 7742: 6491: 6047: 5991: 5786: 5454: 5096: 4319: 3698: 3684: 1617: 1161: 417: 279: 7424: 339: 184:

al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Hidr, Khizr, Kezr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr

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Al-Tabari also adds to lore surrounding the origins of al-Khiḍr's name. He refers to a saying of

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is described as a prophetic figure in Druze sources; and in some sources he is identified with

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service of God. There are several reported proofs of the life of al-Khiḍr, including one where

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Redefining Christian Identity. Cultural Interaction in the Middle East since the Rise of Islam

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Wheeler, Brannon M. (1998). "Moses or Alexander? Early Islamic Exegesis of Qurʾān 18:60-65".

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Image and Community: Representations of Military Saints in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean

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as some say their origins are similar to one another, but this theory seems to be unproven.

1120: 1087: 1028: 1013: 883: 850: 490: 320: 246: 136: 1100:, which means that the Quranic narrative is ultimately related to the story of Gilgamesh. 254: 7847: 7809: 7762: 7702: 7697: 7659: 7298: 7166: 7139: 7043: 6970: 6795: 6622: 6383: 6339: 5153: 4071: 3919: 3602: 3566: 3411: 2043: 1718: 1213: 1009: 998: 941: 894:

and Saint Elijah. Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central

552: 195: 163: 7496: 7439: 4097: 1186: 1022: 7819: 7687: 7429: 7156: 7109: 7094: 7089: 7060: 6498: 6485: 6453: 6413: 6280: 6271: 6042: 6027: 5966: 5909: 5683: 5603: 5544: 5213: 4743: 4500: 4388: 4362: 4346: 4199: 4158: 4130: 4024: 3941: 3907: 3891: 3459: 1765:, Leuven-Paris-Dudley, Peeters, 2005 (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 134), p. 335-378 1217: 1157: 907: 867:(Mar Elias), and in others as al-Khidr. The Druze version of the story of al-khidr was 846: 738: 641: 505: 448: 343: 333: 268: 2617: 7836: 7784: 7767: 7757: 7377: 7317: 6480: 6192: 6115: 6092: 5537: 5443: 4952: 4947: 4903: 4878: 4844: 4810: 4747: 4734: 4567: 4209: 4178: 3913: 3861: 3147: 2940: 1542: 1463: 895: 673: 460: 444: 440: 411: 2272: 1475: 962:, and some of her former sanctuaries in Iran were rededicated to him (Pir-i Sabz)". 7779: 7607: 7481: 6576: 6333: 5919: 5852: 5518: 5475: 5167: 5148: 5143: 4960: 4932: 4888: 3968: 3881: 3550: 3425: 3352: 3198: 1284: 1205: 1050: 1046: 891: 860: 854: 825: 753: 696: 485: 226: 191: 6931: 4589: 2023:"Helenistik ve Enohçu Yahudilik Bağlamında Kehf Suresi: Musa, Hızır ve Zülkarneyn" 3285: 3235: 3095: 680:(1:84–98) states that there is consensus among the Sufis that al-Khiḍr is alive. 7460: 7307: 7114: 6766: 6559: 6314: 6256: 6245: 5879: 5857: 5839: 5780: 5646: 5635: 5631: 5173: 5086: 5081: 3669: 1239: 1221: 1108: 1069: 948: 684: 583: 453: 424:

that al-Khiḍr was present at the funeral of Muhammad and was recognized only by

311: 7804: 3652: 2442:

Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-existence

1008:

This Jewish legend is first attested in an Arabic work by the eleventh-century

370: 7747: 6591: 6295: 6175: 6070: 5654: 5479: 5301: 5254: 5138: 4819: 4368: 3139: 2893: 1200:

Some scholars suggest that al-Khiḍr is also represented in the Arthurian tale

1177: 1073: 868: 544: 509: 421: 307: 210: 2337: 1324: 722:). Al-Khiḍr is also included among what in classical Sufism are called the ‘’ 68:

Mystic, Green One, The Verdant One, Teacher of the Prophets, Sayyidina, Guide

7730: 7491: 7387: 7327: 7176: 7151: 6854: 6844: 6532: 5795: 5721: 5567: 5355: 5224: 4925: 4909: 4383: 3901: 3635: 3589: 3538: 3402: 3079: 1681: 1274: 1145: 1128: 700: 661: 657: 567: 315: 206: 94: 5984: 4990: 1119:

Another hypothesis on the origin of Khiḍr compares him to the Ugaritic god

1090:

while washing a dead fish in it, which then comes to life and escapes. The

786: 3269: 2604:

The Mysteries of Mithras. The Pagan Belief That Shaped the Christian World

2317: 2306:

Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, C. Glasse, Ismailis: " a 'permanent Imam'."

1304: 1107:. In this line of analysis, Khiḍr is considered an Islamic counterpart of 290:

The name "al-Khiḍr" shares exactly the same triliteral root as the Arabic

7619: 7171: 7025: 6756: 6596: 6581: 5870: 5552: 5392: 5381: 5374: 5163: 5011: 4618: 4522: 4512: 4437: 4248: 4112: 3739: 3545: 1867: 1209: 1054: 994: 778: 532: 481: 395: 2619:

Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran

2105: 2093: 2057: 1905: 264: 253:

in Sindh and Punjab in South Asia. He is commemorated on the holiday of

17: 7582: 7337: 7181: 7161: 7129: 7119: 7030: 6822: 6617: 6121: 6079: 5934: 5891: 5820: 5815: 5752: 5687: 5673: 5575: 5294: 5230: 5219: 5071: 5018: 4981: 4711: 4655: 4572: 4561: 4172: 4144: 3997: 3955: 3935: 3871: 3808: 3759: 3680: 3645: 3124:"The Jewish and Moslem Versions of Some Theodicy Legends. (Aa-Th. 759)" 3012:

Ahmad, Hadhrat al-Hajj Mirza Bashirudeen Mahmood -Khalifatul Masih II.

2165:

Nursi, S., & Vahide, S. (2001). Letters. İstanbul: Sözler Neşriyat.

1790: 1442:

The Arabian Epic: Volume 1, Introduction: Heroic and Oral Story-telling

1379:

Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis

1243: 1233: 959: 927: 842: 782: 704: 688: 665: 608: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 494: 234: 218: 3226: 2407: 2405: 1184:

in which al-Khiḍr figures as a servant of Alexander the Great. In the

7597: 7382: 7322: 7104: 7099: 7084: 7020: 7015: 7005: 6999: 6865: 6740: 6612: 6527: 6446: 6388: 6204: 6198: 5904: 5730: 5715: 5512: 5469: 5464: 5401: 5369: 5282: 5265: 5192: 5127: 5023: 4855: 4839: 4771: 4767: 4752: 4647: 4623: 4613: 4527: 4462: 4264: 4258: 4254: 4227: 4204: 4075: 3983: 3929: 3875: 3747: 3691: 3583: 3526: 3506: 3448: 3435: 3420: 1976:"Myths from Mesopotamia – Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others" 1141: 1002: 864: 829: 770: 708: 501: 399: 379: 238: 230: 118: 108: 2022: 1733: 1567: 993:

argued that the tale was derived from a Jewish legend involving the

958:

As Babayan says, "Khizr is related to the Zoroastrian water goddess

472:

In Sunni Islam Persian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an

3218: 2932: 1309:. John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke. Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 684. 7707: 7614: 7587: 7312: 7280: 7223: 7124: 6786: 6441: 6418: 6396: 6186: 6180: 6150: 5832: 5734: 5557: 5530: 5506: 5416: 5287: 5199: 5061: 4971: 4920: 4883: 4871: 4633: 4578: 4551: 4490: 4351: 4219: 4162: 4134: 4057: 4043: 4039: 4028: 4004: 3978: 3945: 3923: 3895: 3819: 3789: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3732: 3613: 3571: 3533: 3475: 3366: 3317: 2503:

Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean

1956:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

1893: 1881: 1279: 1262: 1228: 969: 914: 887: 838: 821: 742: 723: 714: 687:

that claim origin with al-Khiḍr or that al-Khiḍr is part of their

635: 407: 369: 261: 242: 214: 187: 90: 76: 974:

al-Khiḍr and Alexander the Great in front of the Fountain of Life

773:

exegeses of the Quran tend to identify the "Servant of God" whom

7624: 7577: 7071: 7065: 7036: 7010: 6985: 6586: 6549: 6141: 5924: 5597: 5386: 5276: 5260: 4805: 4517: 4223: 4182: 4053: 4008: 3865: 3714: 3618: 1124: 931: 903: 758: 563:, has been a pilgrimage destination for the Shia for some time. 560: 555:

at that site of their meeting. The site, six kilometers east of

359: 203: 199: 87: 57: 7253: 6935: 6365: 5951: 5340: 4676: 4286: 3841: 3341: 3328: 3289: 902:

and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of

190:. He is described in Surah Al-Kahf, as a righteous servant of 6776: 6170: 5612:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 4312: 3356: 1156:

In various accounts al-Khidr has been linked to the figure of

1016:, some four hundred years after the composition of the Quran. 577: 556: 425: 403: 62:

Al-Khidr riding on a fish, as depicted in the mid-17th century

1499: 1644:"Saint George (Khidr) Slays the Dragon and Becomes a Saint" 151: 142: 3165:. Annali di Scienze Religiose 1, Brepols Publishers 2008, 2646:

Babayan also cites something listed only as "Mīrshokrā'i,

2640:

Mary Boyce (1967). "Bibi Sharbahnu and the Lady of Pars".

1086:

of Late Antiquity in which Alexander's cook discovers the

1045:, a hagiographical work by the pre-Islamic Byzantine monk 841:

venerate Elijah, and he is considered a central figure in

2648:

Tahlīl az Rasm-i Sunni-yi Chihilum-i Bahār, Kirmanshenasi

145: 7249: 1594:

The Barbarian Plain: Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran

1520:, Ankara, 2012, p. 65-80, Dipnot yayınevi (in Turkish), 1781:

H.S. Haddad, "Georgic" Cults and Saints of the Levant,

5447:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 2986:

A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages

2642:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

2322:. John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke. Leiden, the Netherlands. 1400:

Muslim Turkistan: Kazak Religion and Collective Memory

2242:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 4–5. 2209:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 2–3. 2179:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 1–2. 1212:. It is also possible that the story derives from an 443:

that after entering the sacred Mosque in Mecca, Ali,

7893:

Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints

6145:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 3280: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 177: 154: 148: 44: 7716: 7680: 7638: 7570: 7474: 7448: 7417: 7396: 7355: 7287: 7202: 7053: 6967: 6878: 6806: 6729: 6690: 6639: 6605: 6569: 6542: 6510: 6464: 6372: 6327: 6161: 6132: 6101: 6061: 6009: 5808: 5697: 5644: 5584: 5429: 5347: 5182: 5118: 5045: 4969: 4789: 4687: 4604: 4540: 4471: 4410: 4297: 4241: 4192: 4095: 3854: 3800: 3757: 3712: 3634: 3564: 3495: 3393: 3386: 2257:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 17. 2218: 2216: 2141:Al-Kulayni, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (2015). 139: 114: 104: 82: 72: 67: 32: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2227:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 3. 2194:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 2. 2145:. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 7527:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus 2435: 2433: 5755:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 4343:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 2606:, foreword C. Matthews, CANADA, 2005, p. 99-100. 1197:, where he is Alexander's companion throughout. 1131:by making weapons for him. Khidr helps Sufis or 410:. It is also told that during the time when the 1611:"Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda" 547:amongst the laity believe al-Khiḍr accompanied 213:over time with various other figures including 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 520:) of the former story rather than the latter. 493:, and who emigrated with Abraham when he left 7265: 6947: 3301: 3097:The Qurʾān and the Bible: Text and Commentary 3064:"Un parallèle byzantin à Coran, XVIII, 59–81" 2602:, Leiden, 2004: Brill, p. 563; Payam Nabarz, 1785:, Vol. 16, Fasc. 1, Apr. 1969, p. 21-39, see 947:Each year from 14–18 June, many thousands of 910:that resemble their own militarized society. 900:Saint George because he confronted the dragon 8: 3415:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 2973:. New York: Columbia University. p. 57. 2958:. New York: Columbia University. p. 55. 2914: 2912: 2530:. University of Michigan Press. p. 39. 2016: 2014: 2012: 1592:Aksoy 2012, p. 65-80; Elizabeth Key Fowden, 652:Examples of those who have claimed this are 37: 2815: 2803: 2707: 186:) is a figure not mentioned by name in the 7272: 7258: 7250: 6954: 6940: 6932: 6726: 6539: 6507: 6362: 6006: 5948: 5773:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 5426: 5337: 5087:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 4889:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 4797: 4786: 4684: 4673: 4407: 4294: 4283: 4267:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 4092: 3851: 3838: 3631: 3390: 3383: 3338: 3325: 3308: 3294: 3286: 2350:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1598:The Annual of the British School at Athens 1337:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 500:Al-Khiḍr is also commonly associated with 29: 7507:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze 2565:. Taylor & Francis. p. 310-314. 820:Two saints identify as "El-Khidr" in the 777:met to be the symbolic representation of 624:Learn how and when to remove this message 476:, writes about Khidr in a chapter of his 3207:Journal of the American Oriental Society 2839: 2827: 2791: 2743: 2731: 2719: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2469:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. 2416:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. 2316:Sijilmāsī, Aḥmad ibn al-Mubārak (2007). 1303:Sijilmāsī, Aḥmad ibn al-Mubārak (2007). 398:is said to have stated that the prophet 334:Moses in Islam § Meeting with Khidr 3237:Moses in the Quran and Islamic Exegesis 2863: 2851: 2659: 2080: 2068: 1421:The Darvishes: Or Oriental Spiritualism 1295: 7878:One Thousand and One Nights characters 4597:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 4483:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 2343: 2039: 2028: 1862:(PhD thesis). University of Michigan. 1714: 1704: 1674:"Contemporary Hinduism in North India" 1672:Kumar, P. Pratap (11 September 2014). 1330: 382:and al-Khiḍr praying together from an 5953:Events, incidents, occasions or times 4332:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 4060:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 3234:———— (2002). 3039:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition 2779: 2767: 2755: 1958:, Oxford, revised edition 2000, p. 2 1831:"St George: patron saint of England?" 1468:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Third Edition 1220:and two other heroes compete for the 1216:which predates the Crusades in which 7: 6284:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 4763:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 2622:. Harvard University Press. p. 1936:see A. J. Wensinck, "al-Khaḍir," in 1518:Dersim: Alevilik, Ermenilik, Kürtlük 606:adding citations to reliable sources 523:The various versions in al-Tabari's 302:meaning "green" or "verdant" (as in 27:Mystical figure in Islamic tradition 2589:, India, 2010: I.B. Tauris, p. 123. 2414:Historical Dictionary of the Druzes 1732:Jatt, Zahida Rehman (3 June 2015). 1094:is partly derived from the ancient 167: 38: 3163:Oriental Elements in Surat al Kahf 1920:, İstanbul, 2006, Komal yayınevi, 1734:"Jhulay Lal's cradle of tolerance" 1500:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 1354:"10 Sufi tales about khwaja Khidr" 880:Christian influence on Druze faith 209:. The figure of al-Khidr has been 25: 6309:('Before the rising of the Sun') 2561:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). 707:. He is the hidden initiator for 7815: 7814: 7803: 7512:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) 7346: 6476:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 4912:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 3268: 3016:iv. (10 Volumes. Rabwah, 1962). 3003:University Press of Mississippi. 2131:Ibn al-Jazari, 1994, p. 228 1444:Cambridge University Press 2005 1261:, while Ramstan, captain of the 1257:by famed science fiction writer 1160:, who is commonly identified as 810: 801: 582: 135: 56: 6962:Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam 6118:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 5523:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 4879:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 3553:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 3094:Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). 2921:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2587:Zoroastrianism: An Introduction 2505:. Routledge. pp. 197–200. 2271:. Jafariya News. Archived from 1894:https://sunnah.com/muslim:2538a 1882:https://sunnah.com/muslim:2938a 1600:, Vol. 20 (1913/1914), p. 101-2 1476:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204 1462:Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2009). 1202:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 890:'s favorite venerated figures: 593:needs additional citations for 7487:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305) 5422:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 5315:at the time of Abraham and Lot 4779:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 4446:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 3938:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 2600:Zoroastrian Rituals in Context 2467:Cannabis and the Soma Solution 1543:"ḴEŻR – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 752:The French scholar of Sufism, 229:in Asia Minor and the Levant, 1: 7726:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine 7146:Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah 3184:. Taylor & Francis 2006, 2895:Islam & Tamil God Murugan 2119:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 1652:Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order 930:. The most popular shrine in 693:Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order 7552:Druze in Mandatory Palestine 6214:(The Afternoon or the Night) 6112:12 months: Four holy months 5664:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 5257:(s) or People of the Injil) 4595:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 4124:names and titles of Muhammad 3369:found in the Quran, such as 2269:"History of Jamkaran Mosque" 1918:Dersim Alevi Kürt Mitolojisi 1532:, Encyclopædia Iranica, 2009 1231:, al-Khiḍr is also known as 749:, the Eternal Life Prophet. 474:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 7888:Prophets in the Druze faith 7532:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 7229:Zechariah, son of Berechiah 5983:(Flood of the Great Dam of 4304:Adam's immediate relatives 3182:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 3068:Revue des études byzantines 2905:– via Google You tube 2526:Isḥāq Khūrī, Fuʼād (2009). 1858:Badamo, Heather A. (2011). 873:Saint George and the Dragon 278:(a false Messiah figure in 233:(the divine prosecutor) in 178: 45: 7914: 7344: 6190:('Remembrance', including 5836:(literally 'The Barrier') 4864:('Companions of the Wood') 4753:Companions of the Elephant 4702:People of the Burnt Garden 4066:('Companion of the Whale') 3662:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 3122:Schwarzbaum, Haim (1960). 2999:Lasater, Alice E. (1974). 2650:, Kirman (1982), 365–374." 1950:Islamic sage Al-khidr..." 1829:Mackley, J. (5 May 2011). 1805:"Israel's forgotten tribe" 331: 298:, a root found in several 7798: 7237: 6919: 6457:('Mother of the Book(s)') 6361: 6083:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 6005: 5958: 5947: 5377:, literally 'The Garden') 5336: 5266:Qissis (Christian priest) 4800: 4683: 4672: 4293: 4282: 3850: 3837: 3382: 3348: 3337: 3324: 3316:People and things in the 3140:10.1515/fabl.1960.3.1.119 3100:. Yale University Press. 2988:. Brill. pp. 73–112. 2444:. Routledge. p. 76. 1938:The Encyclopedia of Islam 1352:Chishti (11 March 2018). 124: 100: 55: 7373:Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana 5313:Mesopotamian polytheists 5261:Ruhban (Christian monks) 5135:(People of the Verandah) 5012:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 4815:(literally 'The Romans') 4735:Companions of Noah's Ark 4652:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 4581:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 4501:Magicians of the Pharaoh 4403:(Muhammad's adopted son) 3695:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 3479:(fish or whale) of Jonah 2616:Kathryn Babayan (2002). 2440:Hammer, Leonard (2009). 2255:The History of al-Tabari 2240:The History of al-Tabari 2225:The History of al-Tabari 2207:The History of al-Tabari 2192:The History of al-Tabari 2177:The History of al-Tabari 2121:. Altamira. p. 257. 1838:Nectar.northampton.ac.uk 1761:, Van Lint T.M. (eds.), 478:The History of al-Tabari 7492:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty 7466:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb 6971:Stories of the Prophets 6796:Forbidden fruit of Adam 6266:('Decline of the Sun') 6154:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 5884:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 5309:at the time of Muhammad 5283:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 4740:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 4636:the companion of Joshua 3470:(female ant) of Solomon 3175:Brepols Journals Online 3161:Michelangelo Chasseur: 3080:10.3406/rebyz.1968.1402 2465:Bennett, Chris (2010). 2297:, (Norton, 2006), p.220 1759:Murre-van den Berg H.L. 1402:Routledge, 19 Nov 2013 1111:, the immortal sage of 1080:from an episode in the 1053:Christian tradition of 845:. The Druze regard the 683:There are also several 670:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi 388:Stories of the Prophets 7653:Maronite-Druze dualism 7648:Christianity and Druze 7537:Hauran Druze Rebellion 7135:Zechariah ben Jehoiada 6408:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 6400:(The Book of Muhammad) 5910:Cave of Seven Sleepers 5733:, literally 'Place of 5621:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 4997:Companions of the Rass 4898:Companions of Muhammad 4744:Companions of the Cave 3679:Angel of the Trumpet ( 2038:Cite journal requires 2021:Aksoy, Gürdal (2019). 1113:Mesopotamian mythology 975: 648: 390: 384:illuminated manuscript 7898:Prophets of the Quran 7773:List of Israeli Druze 7502:Mount Lebanon Emirate 7363:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 6649:(literally 'lamps'): 6562:statue) of Israelites 6495:(Casket of Shekhinah) 5997:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 5844:(Black Stone) & 5624:('The Blessed Place') 5092:Daughters of Muhammad 5082:Household of Muhammad 5058:Household of Abraham 4906:(literally 'Helpers') 4361:Disciples (including 4021:the son of Zechariah) 3610:(Honourable Scribes) 3598:Bearers of the Throne 3062:Paret, Roger (1968). 2117:Cyril Glasse (2001). 1528:; Anna Krasnowolska, 1152:Comparative mythology 1105:The Epic of Gilgamesh 1059:Gabriel Said Reynolds 1001:and the Holy Prophet 973: 664:, Sidi Abdul Aziz ad- 646:Old City of Jerusalem 639: 378:manuscript depicting 373: 366:Reports in the Hadith 324:be green' in Arabic. 7790:Persecution of Druze 7753:Druze Arabic dialect 7557:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen 7368:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi 7054:In Islamic tradition 6429:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 6307:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 6024:('the Confederates') 6012:military expeditions 5787:The Prophet's Mosque 5745:('The Sacred Grove') 5541:(Station of Abraham) 5356:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 5032:('Companions of the 4831:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 4823:(Children of Israel) 4518:Moses' sister-in-law 4497:, who adopted Moses) 4440:, Qatafir or Qittin) 4419:Brothers (including 4165:He who spoke to God) 3488:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 3460:sleepers of the cave 3428:) of the Abyssinians 3277:at Wikimedia Commons 3033:Longworth Dames, M. 2598:Michael Strausberg, 2501:Ferg, Erica (2020). 2412:Swayd, Samy (2015). 1255:The Unreasoning Mask 1227:In certain parts of 729:The Sri Lankan Sufi 602:improve this article 468:Islamic perspectives 459:The Islamic scholar 304:al-Qubbah al-Khaḍrā’ 182:; also Romanized as 7868:Angelic visionaries 7810:Religion portal 7743:Alam al-Din dynasty 7333:Seven Durzi pillars 7203:In Quranic exegesis 6048:Expedition of Tabuk 5992:Farewell Pilgrimage 5742:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 5661:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 5480:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 5455:Iram of the Pillars 4758:People of al-Ukhdūd 4710:(Companions of the 4169:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 3436:Domesticated donkey 3406:(cow) of Israelites 3192:, p. 343–345 ( 3173:, p. 255-289 ( 2818:, pp. 136–140. 1988:on 5 September 2014 1381:A&C Black 2002 1162:Alexander the Great 984:Arent Jan Wensinck 418:Muhammad al-Bukhari 280:Islamic eschatology 7630:Salman the Persian 7562:Qalb Loze massacre 7517:Battle of Ain Dara 7404:Epistles of Wisdom 7388:Muhammad al-Darazī 6503:Trumpet of Israfil 6249:('The Late-Night') 6116:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 5862:(Cave of the Bull) 5847:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 5759:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 5451:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 5436:(excluding Madyan) 5359:('The Holy Land') 5307:Meccan polytheists 5245:People of the Book 5103:Household of Salih 5078:Household of Moses 5026:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 4727:Disciples of Jesus 4699:People of Paradise 4491:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 4380:People of Solomon 4340:People of Abraham 4320:Believer of Ya-Sin 4288:People of Prophets 3986:(Jethro, Reuel or 3793:('Rebellious one') 3517:Beast of the Earth 2969:Anonymous (1978). 2954:Anonymous (1978). 2842:, pp. 463–65. 2806:, pp. 134–36. 2770:, pp. 145–59. 2758:, pp. 137–38. 2746:, pp. 169–70. 2734:, pp. 165–67. 2722:, pp. 164–65. 2698:, pp. 155–56. 2275:on 9 February 2012 2253:Al-Tabari (1991). 2238:Al-Tabari (1991). 2223:Al-Tabari (1991). 2205:al-Tabari (1991). 2190:al-Tabari (1991). 2175:Al-Tabari (1991). 2006:Gürdal Aksoy, 2006 1259:Philip José Farmer 1072:, compiler of the 1042:Leimōn Pneumatikos 976: 966:Theories on origin 871:with the story of 654:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 649: 640:Dome of al-Khidr, 391: 223:Sargis the General 7883:Individual angels 7863:Legendary Muslims 7858:Islamic mythology 7843:Islam and Judaism 7828: 7827: 7681:Druze communities 7665:Judaism and Druze 7639:Relationship with 7542:Jabal Druze State 7522:1838 Druze Revolt 7456:Al-Khidr Festival 7435:Khalwat al-Bayada 7356:Important figures 7247: 7246: 6929: 6928: 6915: 6914: 6888:(Water or fluid) 6874: 6873: 6861:Sidrat al-Muntahā 6705:(Garlic or wheat) 6635: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6299:('The Afternoon') 6290:('The Afternoon') 6220:('The Mornings') 6053:Conquest of Mecca 6038:Battle of Khaybar 5974:Event of Mubahala 5970:(Night of Decree) 5943: 5942: 5898:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 5841:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 5804: 5803: 5796:Salat (Synagogue) 5749:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 5600:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 5433:Arabian Peninsula 5408:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5062:Brothers of Yūsuf 4933:Children of Ayyub 4926:Wife of Abu Lahab 4884:People of Fir'aun 4875:(People of Jonah) 4849:People of Shuaib 4835:People of Ibrahim 4768:People of Yathrib 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4643:Nebuchadnezzar II 4536: 4535: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4237: 4236: 4106:and Strong Will') 3833: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3708: 3707: 3648:(Gabriel, chief) 3560: 3559: 3273:Media related to 3107:978-0-300-18132-6 2866:, pp. 26–30. 2329:978-90-474-3248-7 2083:, pp. 23–24. 1803:Raz, Dan Savery. 1547:Iranicaonline.org 1504:iranicaonline.org 1429:978-1-135-02990-6 1398:Bruce Privratsky 1387:978-0-826-44956-6 1316:978-90-474-3248-7 1194:Sīrat al-Iskandar 1182:Alexander Romance 1174:Wahb ibn Munabbih 1097:Epic of Gilgamesh 1092:Alexander Romance 1083:Alexander Romance 1034:Jewish literature 922:In Zoroastrianism 828:(left) and Saint 731:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen 634: 633: 626: 549:Muhammad al-Mahdi 508:and Elijah is an 328:Quranic narrative 314:from the Epic of 300:Semitic languages 176: 128: 127: 73:Venerated in 16:(Redirected from 7905: 7853:Naqshbandi order 7818: 7817: 7808: 7807: 7736:Sultan al-Atrash 7603:John the Baptist 7408:Rasa'il al-Hikma 7350: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7251: 7218:People of Ya-Sin 7193:Khaled bin Sinan 6956: 6949: 6942: 6933: 6815:Plants of Sheba 6727: 6570:Of Noah's people 6540: 6508: 6499:Throne of Bilqis 6492:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 6433:Tablets of Stone 6363: 6346:First Pilgrimage 6162:Times for prayer 6105:Islamic calendar 6033:Battle of Hunayn 6007: 5949: 5888:Bayt al-Muqaddas 5427: 5338: 5097:Muhammad's wives 5072:Progeny of Imran 4954:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 4856:People of Madyan 4798: 4787: 4685: 4674: 4408: 4374:Zechariah's wife 4358:People of Jesus 4347:Ishmael's mother 4295: 4284: 4093: 4034:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 4019:John the Baptist 3852: 3839: 3632: 3626:Munkar and Nakir 3391: 3384: 3339: 3326: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3287: 3272: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3230: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3030: 3017: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2991: 2989: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2890: 2884: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2816:Schwarzbaum 1960 2813: 2807: 2804:Schwarzbaum 1960 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2708:Schwarzbaum 1960 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2637: 2613: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2558: 2545: 2544: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2498: 2481: 2480: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2437: 2428: 2427: 2409: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2388:"The Holy Quran" 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2366:"The Holy Quran" 2362: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2341: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2295:The Shia Revival 2291: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2250: 2244: 2243: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2220: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2138: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2026: 2018: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1987: 1981:. Archived from 1980: 1972: 1966: 1952:Stephanie Dalley 1947: 1941: 1934: 1928: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1800: 1794: 1779: 1773: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1622: 1616:. Archived from 1615: 1607: 1601: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1574:. 1 January 1970 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1539: 1533: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1459: 1453: 1438: 1432: 1417: 1411: 1396: 1390: 1377:Brannon Wheeler 1375: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1328: 1300: 1248:Punjab, Pakistan 1166:Land of Darkness 1121:Kothar-wa-Khasis 1088:Fountain of Life 1029:Classical Arabic 1026: 1018:Haim Schwarzbaum 1014:Nissim ben Jacob 992: 884:Christian saints 851:John the Baptist 814: 805: 691:, including the 678:Lata'if al-Minan 629: 622: 618: 615: 609: 586: 578: 321:Kothar-wa-Khasis 249:in Armenia, and 247:John the Baptist 181: 171: 169: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 150: 147: 144: 141: 60: 50: 48: 41: 40: 30: 21: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7873:Angels in Islam 7833: 7832: 7829: 7824: 7802: 7794: 7763:Jumblatt family 7718: 7712: 7703:Jordanian Druze 7676: 7660:Islam and Druze 7641:other religions 7640: 7634: 7566: 7470: 7444: 7413: 7392: 7351: 7342: 7283: 7278: 7248: 7243: 7233: 7198: 7049: 6963: 6960: 6930: 6925: 6911: 6870: 6808: 6802: 6725: 6686: 6641: 6627: 6601: 6565: 6538: 6512: 6511:Mentioned idols 6506: 6468: 6466: 6460: 6405:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 6368: 6349: 6340:Laylat al-Mabit 6323: 6275:('The Evening') 6264:Dulūk ash-Shams 6232:('The Morning') 6226:('The Morning') 6163: 6157: 6128: 6103: 6097: 6086:Days of battles 6057: 6011: 6001: 5962:Incident of Ifk 5954: 5939: 5930:Palestine River 5800: 5769:Masjid al-Dirar 5699: 5693: 5640: 5588: 5580: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5362:'Blessed' Land' 5343: 5320: 5184: 5178: 5159:Umayyad Dynasty 5120: 5106: 5067:Lot's daughters 5051: 5050:('People of the 5049: 5041: 4993:(people of Hud) 4979: 4965: 4957:(Gog and Magog) 4840:People of Ilyas 4793: 4791: 4785: 4718:Jesus' apostles 4695:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 4679: 4660: 4606: 4600: 4564:of Moses' time) 4532: 4508:Wise, pious man 4495:Wife of Pharaoh 4487:Imraʾat Firʿawn 4474:Aaron and Moses 4473: 4467: 4423:(Benjamin) and 4412: 4406: 4324:Family of Noah 4289: 4270: 4233: 4188: 4159:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 4105: 4103: 4101: 4091: 4017:ibn Zakariyyā ( 3846: 3825: 3796: 3753: 3704: 3666:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 3656:('The Spirit') 3630: 3608:Kirāman Kātibīn 3603:Harut and Marut 3580:Angels of Hell 3556: 3491: 3378: 3344: 3333: 3320: 3314: 3265: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3233: 3204: 3180:Oliver Leaman: 3152: 3150: 3121: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3093: 3084: 3082: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3035:"Khwadja Khidr" 3032: 3031: 3020: 3011: 3007: 2998: 2994: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2881:978-975710213-7 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2639: 2634: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2597: 2593: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2548: 2538: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2500: 2499: 2484: 2477: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2431: 2424: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2342: 2330: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2222: 2221: 2214: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2037: 2027: 2020: 2019: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1948: 1944: 1940:, IV, pp. 902–5 1935: 1931: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1891: 1887: 1879: 1875: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1833: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1780: 1776: 1756: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1713: 1703: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1684:. p. 121. 1671: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1623:on 28 June 2014 1620: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1515: 1511: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1439: 1435: 1423:Routledge 2013 1418: 1414: 1397: 1393: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1358:The Sufi Tavern 1351: 1350: 1346: 1329: 1317: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1271: 1154: 1020: 1010:Tunisian Jewish 999:Joshua ben Levi 986: 968: 924: 836: 835: 834: 833: 817: 816: 815: 807: 806: 795: 768: 689:spiritual chain 630: 619: 613: 610: 599: 587: 576: 574:In Sufi thought 553:Jamkaran Mosque 541: 470: 437:Ja'far al-Sadiq 368: 336: 330: 288: 138: 134: 63: 51: 42: 36: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7911: 7909: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7835: 7834: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7812: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7731:Al-Atrash clan 7728: 7722: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7708:Druze diaspora 7705: 7700: 7695: 7693:Lebanese Druze 7690: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7655: 7644: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7430:Jabal al-Druze 7427: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7245: 7244: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7214: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7057: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6936: 6927: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6900:(River or sea) 6895: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6848: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6826: 6812: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6790: 6780: 6770: 6760: 6750: 6744: 6733: 6731: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6656: 6645: 6643: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6537: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6496: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6472: 6470: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6450: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6409: 6401: 6392: 6378: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6336: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6291: 6276: 6261: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6240:('The Night') 6235: 6234: 6233: 6227: 6215: 6196:('Praising'), 6167: 6165: 6164:or remembrance 6159: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6043:Battle of Uhud 6040: 6035: 6030: 6028:Battle of Badr 6025: 6015: 6013: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5976: 5971: 5967:Laylat al-Qadr 5963: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5894: 5885: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5859:Ghār ath-Thawr 5855: 5850: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5771: 5766: 5756: 5746: 5724: 5719: 5712: 5703: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5682:('Township of 5677: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5651: 5649: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5610:Al-Wādil-Ayman 5604:Valley of Tuwa 5592: 5590: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5545:Safa and Marwa 5542: 5534: 5524: 5515: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5482: 5473: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5439: 5437: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5410: 5405: 5395: 5393:Door of Hittah 5390: 5378: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5310: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5238: 5237: 5236: 5228: 5216: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5193:Ahl al-Dhimmah 5188: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5161: 5156: 5154:Iranian people 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5055: 5053: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5014: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4985: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4894:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 4886: 4881: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4862:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 4859: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4824: 4816: 4808: 4801: 4795: 4784: 4783: 4782:Nation of Noah 4780: 4774: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4737: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4715: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4637: 4634:Caleb or Kaleb 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4565: 4555: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4484: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4447: 4441: 4428: 4416: 4414: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4389:Queen of Sheba 4386: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4356: 4355: 4354: 4352:Isaac's mother 4349: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4330: 4322: 4317: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4301: 4299: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4265:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 4262: 4252: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4217: 4207: 4202: 4196: 4194: 4193:Debatable ones 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4176: 4175:Friend of God) 4166: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4120: 4109: 4107: 4102:('Those of the 4090: 4089: 4079: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4022: 4012: 4001: 3991: 3981: 3976: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3949: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3889: 3879: 3869: 3858: 3856: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3786: 3770: 3768: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3744: 3736: 3729: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3688: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3663: 3660:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 3642: 3640: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3520: 3510: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3452: 3439: 3429: 3416: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3342: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3264: 3263:External links 3261: 3260: 3259: 3246: 3231: 3219:10.2307/605888 3213:(2): 153–171. 3202: 3178: 3159: 3134:(1): 119–169. 3119: 3106: 3091: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3018: 3014:Tafsir e Kabir 3005: 2992: 2976: 2961: 2946: 2933:10.1086/468638 2908: 2885: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2830:, p. 158. 2820: 2808: 2796: 2794:, p. 465. 2784: 2782:, p. 143. 2772: 2760: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2710:, p. 159. 2700: 2688: 2686:, p. 154. 2676: 2674:, p. 153. 2664: 2652: 2638:Babayan cites 2632: 2608: 2591: 2578: 2571: 2546: 2536: 2518: 2511: 2482: 2475: 2457: 2450: 2429: 2422: 2401: 2379: 2357: 2328: 2308: 2299: 2286: 2260: 2245: 2230: 2212: 2197: 2182: 2167: 2158: 2151: 2133: 2124: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2073: 2061: 2049: 2040:|journal= 2008: 1999: 1967: 1942: 1929: 1916:Gürdal Aksoy, 1909: 1897: 1885: 1873: 1850: 1821: 1795: 1774: 1750: 1724: 1690: 1664: 1634: 1602: 1585: 1559: 1534: 1516:Gürdal Aksoy, 1509: 1491: 1484: 1454: 1433: 1419:John P. Brown 1412: 1391: 1370: 1344: 1315: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1270: 1267: 1158:Dhu al-Qarnayn 1153: 1150: 967: 964: 923: 920: 908:warrior saints 847:Cave of Elijah 819: 818: 809: 808: 800: 799: 798: 797: 796: 794: 793:In Druze faith 791: 767: 764: 720:rijalu’l-ghayb 642:al-Aqsa Mosque 632: 631: 590: 588: 581: 575: 572: 540: 537: 469: 466: 449:Husayn ibn Ali 367: 364: 340:Quran 18:65–82 329: 326: 287: 284: 198:, prophet, or 126: 125: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 97: 84: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 65: 64: 61: 53: 52: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7910: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7831: 7821: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7785:Mowafaq Tarif 7783: 7781: 7778: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7768:List of Druze 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7758:Druze cuisine 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7698:Israeli Druze 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7671: 7670:Druze Zionism 7668: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7378:Hamza ibn Ali 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7349: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7318:Reincarnation 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7303:Ahl at-Tawhīd 7300: 7296: 7295:Al-Muwahhidūn 7293: 7292: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7275: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7261: 7256: 7255: 7252: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6966: 6957: 6952: 6950: 6945: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6934: 6923: 6918: 6907: 6904: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6807:Bushes, trees 6805: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6543:Of Israelites 6541: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513:(cult images) 6509: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6487: 6486:Staff of Musa 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6463: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6360: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102:Months of the 6100: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5980:Sayl al-ʿArim 5977: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5950: 5946: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901:(Mesopotamia) 5900: 5899: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5763:Sacred Mosque 5760: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5599: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589:or Tīh Desert 5587: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5538:Maqām Ibrāhīm 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5335: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5288:Rabbani/Rabbi 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5117: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5048: 5044: 5035: 5031: 5030:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 5028: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4845:People of Nuh 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4788: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4709: 4708:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 4706: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4624:Bal'am/Balaam 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607:not specified 4603: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4369:Mary's mother 4367: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4329: 4328:Father Lamech 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4281: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4153:(Son of Mary) 4152: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4078:son of Jacob) 4077: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4002: 4000:son of David) 3999: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3781:(the (chief) 3780: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3513:Dābbat al-Arḍ 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3461: 3458:(dog) of the 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3249: 3247:0-7007-1603-3 3243: 3240:. Routledge. 3239: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3197:, p. 343, at 3196: 3195: 3191: 3190:0-415-32639-7 3187: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3070:(in French). 3069: 3065: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2971:Iskandarnamah 2965: 2962: 2957: 2956:Iskandarnamah 2950: 2947: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2857: 2854:, p. 26. 2853: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840:Reynolds 2018 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828:Wheeler 1998a 2824: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2792:Reynolds 2018 2788: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2744:Wheeler 1998a 2740: 2737: 2733: 2732:Wheeler 1998a 2728: 2725: 2721: 2720:Wheeler 1998a 2716: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2696:Wheeler 1998a 2692: 2689: 2685: 2684:Wheeler 1998a 2680: 2677: 2673: 2672:Wheeler 1998a 2668: 2665: 2662:, p. 10. 2661: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2635: 2633:0-932885-28-4 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2574: 2572:9781351722179 2568: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2537:9781904850014 2533: 2529: 2528:Being a Druze 2522: 2519: 2514: 2512:9780429594496 2508: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476:9781936296323 2472: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2451:9781135268121 2447: 2443: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2423:9781442246171 2419: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2390:. Alislam.org 2389: 2383: 2380: 2368:. Alislam.org 2367: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2274: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2249: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2231: 2226: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2198: 2193: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2152:9780991430864 2148: 2144: 2143:Kitab al-Kafi 2137: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2071:, p. 23. 2070: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2032: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1984: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1964:0-19-283589-0 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1868:2027.42/89747 1865: 1861: 1854: 1851: 1839: 1832: 1825: 1822: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1751: 1739: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1708: 1693: 1691:9781317546368 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678:Sindhi Hindus 1675: 1668: 1665: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642:Adil, Nazim. 1638: 1635: 1619: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526:9786054412501 1523: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1485:9789004181304 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450:9780521017381 1447: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1408:9781136838170 1405: 1401: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1359: 1355: 1348: 1345: 1340: 1334: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:Water of Life 1167: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 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277: 272: 270: 266: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205: 204:Islamic saint 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 174: 165: 159: 132: 123: 120: 117: 113: 110: 109:Yusha bin Nun 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 81: 78: 75: 71: 66: 59: 54: 49: 47: 31: 19: 7830: 7780:Majid Arslan 7688:Syrian Druze 7608:Saint George 7592: 7547:Mountain War 7497:Ma'n dynasty 7482:Wadi al-Taym 7440:Nabi Shu'ayb 7425:Druze Khalwa 7407: 7239: 7216: 7209: 7191: 7144: 7077: 7070: 7042: 7035: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6984: 6969: 6921: 6905: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6850: 6840: 6828: 6818: 6792:In Paradise 6782: 6772: 6762: 6752: 6746: 6736: 6720: 6717:(Plant stem) 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6691:Plant matter 6678: 6672: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6555: 6526: 6522: 6490: 6454:Umm al-Kitāb 6452: 6439: 6426:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 6424: 6411: 6403: 6394: 6381: 6338: 6334:Ghadir Khumm 6318:('The Dawn') 6312: 6306: 6293: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6263: 6260:('The Noon') 6254: 6243: 6237: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6203: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6179: 6169: 6148: 6139: 6089:Days of Hajj 6077: 6074:(The Friday) 6068: 6020: 5978: 5965: 5933:Paradise of 5920:Jordan River 5915:Dār an-Nadwa 5914: 5896: 5858: 5853:Cave of Hira 5845: 5840: 5830: 5777:Masjid Qubāʾ 5776: 5758: 5748: 5740: 5726: 5714: 5706: 5680:Qaryat Yūnus 5679: 5669: 5659: 5619: 5609: 5595: 5586:Sinai Region 5568:Dam of Sheba 5563: 5551: 5536: 5526: 5517: 5502: 5484: 5462: 5450: 5442: 5412: 5407: 5397: 5380: 5367: 5354: 5272: 5250: 5241:Ahl al-Kitāb 5240: 5218: 5214:Zoroastrians 5210: 5205:disbelievers 5198: 5191: 5149:Banu Qurayza 5144:Banu Qaynuqa 5133:Ahl as-Suffa 5132: 5046: 5029: 5001: 4970: 4953: 4938:Sons of Adam 4893: 4869: 4861: 4852: 4826: 4820:Banī Isrāʾīl 4818: 4811: 4776: 4739: 4722: 4707: 4694: 4639:Luqman's son 4507: 4486: 4450: 4443: 4433: 4337:Luqman's son 4308:Martyred son 4200:Dhūl-Qarnain 4150: 4140: 4104:Perseverance 4096: 4074:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 4064:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 4063: 4052:('He of the 4049: 3962:Dhabih Ullah 3818: 3813: 3807: 3788: 3776: 3758: 3746: 3738: 3731: 3724: 3713: 3692:Malakul-Mawt 3690: 3665: 3659: 3651: 3636: 3607: 3588: 3565: 3544: 3532: 3522: 3512: 3502: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3455: 3451:) of Solomon 3442: 3431: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3370: 3251:. Retrieved 3236: 3210: 3206: 3199:Google Books 3193: 3181: 3162: 3151:. Retrieved 3131: 3127: 3111:. Retrieved 3096: 3083:. Retrieved 3071: 3067: 3056:Bibliography 3042:. Retrieved 3038: 3013: 3008: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2979: 2970: 2964: 2955: 2949: 2924: 2920: 2899:, retrieved 2894: 2888: 2883:, pp. 215-93 2871: 2864:Wheeler 2002 2859: 2852:Wheeler 2002 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2660:Wheeler 2002 2655: 2647: 2641: 2618: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2586: 2585:Jenny Rose, 2581: 2562: 2541: 2527: 2521: 2502: 2466: 2460: 2441: 2413: 2392:. Retrieved 2382: 2370:. Retrieved 2360: 2318: 2311: 2302: 2294: 2293:Nasr, Vali, 2289: 2277:. Retrieved 2273:the original 2263: 2254: 2248: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2206: 2200: 2191: 2185: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2142: 2136: 2127: 2118: 2112: 2100: 2088: 2081:Wheeler 2002 2076: 2069:Wheeler 2002 2064: 2052: 2031:cite journal 2002: 1990:. Retrieved 1983:the original 1970: 1955: 1945: 1937: 1932: 1917: 1912: 1900: 1888: 1876: 1859: 1853: 1841:. Retrieved 1837: 1824: 1812:. Retrieved 1808: 1798: 1782: 1777: 1762: 1753: 1741:. Retrieved 1737: 1727: 1695:. Retrieved 1677: 1667: 1655:. Retrieved 1647: 1637: 1627:14 September 1625:. Retrieved 1618:the original 1605: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1576:. Retrieved 1572:Academia.edu 1571: 1562: 1550:. Retrieved 1546: 1537: 1529: 1517: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1467: 1457: 1441: 1440:M. C. Lyons 1436: 1420: 1415: 1399: 1394: 1378: 1373: 1361:. Retrieved 1357: 1347: 1305: 1298: 1285:Saint George 1254: 1252: 1232: 1226: 1206:Green Knight 1199: 1192: 1187:Eskandarnāma 1185: 1176:, quoted by 1168:to find the 1155: 1132: 1118: 1102: 1095: 1091: 1081: 1078: 1063: 1051:Late Antique 1047:John Moschus 1040: 1038: 1007: 981: 977: 957: 952: 949:Zoroastrians 946: 936: 925: 912: 892:Saint George 877: 861:Saint George 859: 855:Saint George 837: 826:Saint George 769: 766:In Ahmadiyya 757: 754:Henry Corbin 751: 746: 728: 719: 713: 697:Muhammadiyah 682: 677: 650: 620: 614:January 2023 611: 600:Please help 595:verification 592: 565: 545:Shia Muslims 542: 530: 524: 522: 517: 514: 499: 486:Dhul-Qarnayn 477: 471: 458: 439:narrates in 435: 429: 416: 392: 357: 353: 349: 337: 303: 295: 291: 289: 273: 259: 227:Saint George 183: 130: 129: 43: 7461:Eid Al Adha 7418:Holy places 7313:Esotericism 7308:Divine call 7115:Melchizedek 6767:Pomegranate 6667:(The Earth) 6560:golden calf 6133:Pilgrimages 5866:Hudaybiyyah 5781:Quba Mosque 5735:Prostration 5686:,' that is 5647:Mesopotamia 5636:Mount Tabor 5632:Mount Sinai 5614:Mount Sinai 5564:ʿArim Sabaʾ 5302:Polytheists 5052:Household') 5047:Ahl al-Bayt 5004:(People of 5002:Qawm Tubbaʿ 4948:Wife of Lut 4943:Wife of Nuh 4794:or families 4792:ethnicities 4513:Moses' wife 3996:ibn Dāwūd ( 3778:ash-Shayṭān 3670:Holy Spirit 3496:Non-related 3074:: 137–159. 1809:www.bbc.com 1771:90-42914181 1715:|work= 1363:16 November 1240:Indus River 1218:Cú Chulainn 1137:Sarı Saltık 1109:Utnapishtim 1070:Rabbi Akiva 1021: [ 987: [ 918:from harm. 886:become the 878:Due to the 869:syncretized 685:Sufi orders 454:Ahl al-Bayt 386:version of 312:Utnapishtim 211:syncretized 105:Predecessor 7837:Categories 7748:Amin Tarif 6661:(Planets) 6655:(The Moon) 6606:Of Quraysh 6481:Noah's Ark 6374:Holy books 6218:Al-Ghuduww 6212:Al-ʿAshiyy 6176:Invocation 6168:Times for 6019:Battle of 6010:Battles or 5602:(The Holy 5468:(formerly 5415:(Mainland 5225:Hypocrites 5172:People of 5139:Banu Nadir 5119:Implicitly 4961:Son of Nuh 4919:People of 4853:Ahl Madyan 4828:Muʾtafikāt 4748:Al-Raqaim? 4723:Ḥawāriyyūn 4605:Implied or 4550:(possibly 4480:Egyptians 4472:People of 4430:Egyptians 4251:(Jeremiah) 4151:Ibn Maryam 3904:(Ezekiel?) 3743:(Asmodeus) 3637:Muqarrabun 3373:(Generous) 3343:Non-humans 3331:Characters 2927:(3): 200. 2901:24 January 2780:Paret 1968 2768:Paret 1968 2756:Paret 1968 1926:975710213X 1843:13 January 1657:1 December 1578:13 January 1552:13 January 1291:References 1214:Irish myth 1178:Ibn Hisham 1074:Oral Torah 953:Pir-e Sabz 942:Pir-e Sabz 747:Hayat Nabi 461:Said Nursî 422:al-Bayhaqi 332:See also: 308:Green Dome 255:Hıdırellez 241:among the 86:Countless 83:Influenced 7449:Holy days 7328:Theophany 7177:Zephaniah 7152:Berechiah 6855:Date palm 6845:Palm tree 6833:Lote-tree 6809:or plants 6753:Qith-thāʾ 6681:(The Sun) 6679:Ash-Shams 6640:Celestial 6533:False god 6469:or beings 6467:of people 6449:of David) 6391:of Jesus) 6224:Al-Bukrah 5987:in Sheba) 5765:of Mecca) 5722:Monastery 5700:locations 5698:Religious 5655:Al-Jūdiyy 5348:Mentioned 5342:Locations 5255:Christian 5235:Believers 5220:Munāfiqūn 5183:Religious 5121:mentioned 5034:Stoneland 4910:Muhajirun 4688:Mentioned 4590:Abū Lahab 4585:As-Sāmirī 4575:(Goliath) 4541:Evil ones 4455:Zulaykhah 4411:People of 4298:Good ones 4098:Ulul-ʿAzm 4086:Zechariah 4082:Zakariyyā 3902:Dhūl-Kifl 3855:Mentioned 3701:(Michael) 3590:Zabāniyah 3567:Malāʾikah 3539:Honey bee 3281:Khidr.org 3253:19 August 3171:2031-5929 3153:19 August 3148:163130890 3113:19 August 3085:19 August 2941:162366963 2644:(30): 32. 2346:cite book 2338:310402464 1992:25 August 1738:Dawn News 1717:ignored ( 1707:cite book 1682:Routledge 1333:cite book 1325:310402464 1275:Green Man 1129:Yam-Nahar 1066:pneumatic 701:Idrisiyya 662:Ibn Arabi 658:al-Nawawi 568:Ismailism 510:Israelite 316:Gilgamesh 296:al-khaḍra 292:al-akhḍar 286:Etymology 221:in Iran, 207:ibn Arabi 179:al-Khaḍir 173:romanized 115:Successor 46:al-Khaḍir 7820:Category 7719:Features 7620:Muhammad 7571:Prophets 7299:Mowahhid 7187:Hanzalah 7172:Habakkuk 7090:Shemaiah 7026:Jeremiah 6843:(Tender 6823:Tamarisk 6757:Cucumber 6675:(Stars) 6653:Al-Qamar 6618:Al-ʿUzzā 6465:Objects 6279:Qabl al- 6230:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 6093:Doomsday 6021:al-Aḥzāb 5711:(Church) 5444:Al-Aḥqāf 5382:Jahannam 5375:Paradise 4982:Bedouins 4777:Qawm Lūṭ 4619:Abu Bakr 4449:Wife of 4438:Potiphar 4421:Binyāmin 4141:Al-Masīḥ 4113:Muḥammad 4050:Dhūn-Nūn 3994:Sulaymān 3932:(Elijah) 3844:Prophets 3760:Shayāṭīn 3718:(Genies) 3546:Qaswarah 3527:Wild ass 3505:(Female 3503:ʿAnkabūt 3426:elephant 3044:21 April 2394:10 March 2372:10 March 2279:10 March 1648:SufiLive 1464:"Angels" 1431:page 100 1389:page 225 1269:See also 1263:al-Buraq 1222:curadmír 1210:Crusades 1127:to kill 1055:theodicy 1012:scholar 995:Talmudic 779:Muhammad 533:Muhammad 396:Muhammad 265:18:65–82 251:Jhulelal 168:ٱلْخَضِر 131:Al-Khidr 39:ٱلْخَضِر 34:al-Khidr 18:Al-Khidr 7583:Abraham 7475:History 7338:Walayah 7288:Beliefs 7240:Italics 7182:Malachi 7162:Obadiah 7130:Eliezer 7120:Micaiah 7031:Ezekiel 6908:(Drink) 6894:(River) 6879:Liquids 6711:(Shoot) 6699:(Onion) 6659:Kawākib 6647:Maṣābīḥ 6592:Yaghūth 6328:Implied 6288:Al-Aṣīl 6238:Al-Layl 6122:Ramaḍān 6071:Jumuʿah 5935:Shaddad 5827:Arabia 5821:Antakya 5816:Antioch 5809:Implied 5753:Al-Aqsa 5688:Nineveh 5674:Babylon 5519:Ḥaraman 5489:(Hegra) 5486:Al-Ḥijr 5476:ʿArafāt 5470:Yathrib 5465:Madīnah 5295:Sabians 5231:Muslims 5200:Kāfirūn 5168:Khazraj 5019:Quraysh 4790:Tribes, 4712:Sabbath 4656:Shaddad 4629:Barṣīṣā 4562:Pharaoh 4558:Firʿawn 4255:Ṣamūʾīl 4242:Implied 4173:Abraham 4145:Messiah 3998:Solomon 3984:Shuʿayb 3956:Ishmael 3952:Ismāʿīl 3916:(Eber?) 3910:(Aaron) 3872:Al-Yasa 3809:Ghilmān 3685:Raphael 3681:Isrāfīl 3444:hud-hud 3394:Related 3387:Animals 1791:3269569 1743:17 July 1244:Bhakkar 1234:Khawaja 1204:as the 1146:Murugan 960:Anahita 928:Anahita 843:Druzism 832:(right) 824:faith: 783:Al Kahf 741:in the 735:Gabriel 705:Senussi 666:Dabbagh 525:History 506:Persian 495:Babylon 491:Abraham 482:Afridun 406:by the 376:Persian 338:In the 306:or the 235:Judaism 215:Dūraoša 175:: 95:mystics 7848:Sufism 7598:Elijah 7383:Shuaib 7323:Taqiya 7105:Hanani 7100:Haggai 7085:Ahijah 7044:Daniel 7021:Isaiah 7016:Gideon 7006:Samuel 7000:Joshua 6906:Sharāb 6866:Zaqqūm 6783:Zaytūn 6763:Rummān 6749:(Herb) 6741:Lentil 6730:Fruits 6723:(Seed) 6665:Al-Arḍ 6642:bodies 6613:Al-Lāt 6528:Ṭāghūt 6519:'Ansāb 6447:Psalms 6414:Tawrāt 6397:Qurʾān 6389:Gospel 6281:Ghurūb 6246:ʿIshāʾ 6205:Tasbīḥ 6199:Takbīr 6193:Taḥmīd 5985:Ma'rib 5905:Canaan 5892:'Ariha 5890:& 5731:Mosque 5727:Masjid 5716:Miḥrāb 5527:Kaʿbah 5521:Āminan 5513:Bakkah 5503:Makkah 5498:Ḥunayn 5430:In the 5402:Midian 5398:Madyan 5370:Jannah 5251:Naṣārā 5185:groups 5128:Amalek 5024:Thamūd 4812:Ar-Rūm 4772:Medina 4678:Groups 4648:Nimrod 4614:Abraha 4528:Sister 4523:Mother 4463:Mother 4425:Simeon 4413:Joseph 4394:Vizier 4384:Mother 4259:Samuel 4249:Irmiyā 4228:Gideon 4210:Maryam 4205:Luqmān 4122:Other 4076:Joseph 4025:Yaʿqūb 3936:ʿImrān 3876:Elisha 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