414:, his argument won the debate. Such was Sibawayh's bitterness in defeat, he left the court to return to his country where he died sometime later at a young age. Al-Kisa'i was accosted by one of Sibawayh's students after the fact and asked 100 grammatical questions, being proved wrong by the student each time. Upon being told the news about Sibawayh's death, al-Kisa'i approached the Caliph
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al-Kisai *, Abu l-Hasan*: well-known Arab philologist and "reader" of the Quran*, of
Persian origin; ca. 737805. He is said to have stayed for some time among the Bedouins in order to become fully conversant in Arabic. He is the real founder of the grammatical school of Kufa. His discussion with
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Of these four were
Persians: Asim b. Abi'l-Najiid, whom Ibn al-Nadim lists among the mawali, Nafi', whom the same source considers as having originated in Isfahan, Ibn al-Kathir and Kisa'i, whose full name, 'Ali b. Hamza b. 'Abd- Allah b. Bahman b. Firuz, reveals his Persian
1682:
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Al-Naqqāsh, ‘Alī ibn Murrah, surnamed Abū al-Ḥasan, one of the people of Baghdād, the author also of Kitāb al-Ḥamzah’ and ‘The Eight
Readers in Addition to the Seven,’ after Khalaf ibn Hishām al-Bazzār.
2595:
313:, al-Kisā’ī moved there but subsequently became ill and died. During his illness al-Rashīd paid him regular visits and deeply mourned his death. It seems he died in 804 (189 AH) on the day that the
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born in al-Kūfah, he learned grammar from al-Ru’āsī and a group of other scholars. It is said that al-Kisā’ī took this moniker from the particular kind of mantle he wore called a kisā’.
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Probably a short cloak as distinct from a ḥulal or ‘cloak’. Cloaks and mantles differentiated regional styles. see
Khallikān, II, 238; Nadīm (al-) 144, n10
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In
Sibawayh's theoretical argument the accusative form can never be the predicate. However, when al-Kisa'i was supported in his assertion by four
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relates Abū al-Ṭayyib's written account that Al-Rashīd held him in highest esteem. When the caliph moved the court to al-Rayy as the capital of
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were two notable students. The primary transmitters of his recitation method were Abū al-Ḥārith ibn Khālid al-Layth (d.845) and
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Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Ubayd ibn al-Zubayr al-Asadī ibn al-Kūfī (ca. 868-960) was a scholar and calligrapher. See
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meaning "so he (the scorpion, masc.) is she (the most painful one, fem.)"; In Arabic syntax the predicative copula of the verb
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Abū Ja'far Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Abī Sārah al-Nīlī al-Ru’āsī (fl. time of Hārūn al-Rashīd), wrote first book on grammar.
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363:(The Question of the Hornet). At issue was the Arabic phrase: كنتُ أظن أن العقربَ أشد لسعة من الزنبور فإذا هو هي\هو إياها
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also died. It is also said he shared his date of death with the judge Abū Yūsuf in 812 (197 AH). When al-Kisā’ī died
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The
Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Problem of Tawaatur and the Emergence of Shawaadhdh
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367:(lit. translation). At issue was the correct declension of the last word in the sentence. Sibawayh proposed:
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Bakkār ibn Aḥmad ibn Bakkār, surnamed Abū ‘Īsā (d. 963), a Qur’ānic reader in Baghdād, author of
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Ibn
Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā' Abnā' al-Zamān)
326:
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1816:
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960:
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Hishām ibn Mu'āwīyah al-Darīr (d.824) a grammarian and Qur'ānic reciter of Kufa who was blind.
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I always thought that the scorpion is more painful than the hornet in its sting, and so it is
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between the leaders of the two rival schools, with al-Kisā’ī representative of Al-Kufah, and
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Ibn
Khallikān's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā')
1360:
Ibn
Khallikān's Biographical Dictionary (translation of Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā')
430:
322:
298:
874:, vol. Introduction (3rd ed.), Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, pp. 9–11
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Sibawayhi, the prominent grammarian of the school of Basra, has become famous.
845:
257:
1367:. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Britain and Ireland. p. 401, n.1.
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and requested that he be punished for having a share in "killing
Sibawayh."
165:
71:
1500:
1385:. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Britain and Ireland. pp. 237–9.
963:. (c) Islamic Awareness. Updated January 8, 2002; accessed April 11, 2016.
752:
The difference has been compared to that in English between, for example,
743:, VI (5), 326; Nadīm (al-), pp. 6, 145, 151-8, 162, 173-4, 192, 864, 1033.
3565:
3158:
3118:
3023:
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342:
269:
870:
Sībawayh, ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān (1988), Hārūn, ʻAbd al-Salām Muḥammad (ed.),
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2112:
1982:
1958:
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434:
410:-Desert Arab, whom he had supposedly bribed- that the correct form was
407:
338:
302:
173:
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2152:
2122:
2117:
1862:
1404:
1223:
1079:
353:
180:
176:
2175:
1145:, vol. 1, pg. 499. Trns. Thomas Chenery. Williams and Norgate, 1867.
2097:
1838:
1821:
1143:
The Assemblies of Al Ḥarîri: 1: containing the first 26 assemblies
784:
Abū ‘Umar ‘Umar Hafṣ ibn al-‘Aziz ibn Suhbān Al-Durī (d.861) from
712:
183:
1496:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif. pp. 127–30.
1427:
The Fihrist of al-Nadim; a tenth-century survey of Muslim culture
1417:
Nadīm (al-), Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq Abū Ya’qūb al-Warrāq
805:, the namesake of another one of the seven canonical recitations.
1934:
1490:
Zubaydī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (1984). Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad (ed.).
75:
57:
53:
3821:
3330:
2422:
2252:
2217:
2179:
1504:
1485:(in Arabic). Vol. 2. Cairo: Sa’ādah Press. pp. 162–4.
325:
was elected to teach in his stead, according to the account of
1456:
Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'ādin al-Jawhar (Les Prairies d'or)
1431:. New York & London: Columbia University Press. pp.
1011:
1009:
872:
Al-Kitāb Kitāb Sībawayh Abī Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar
1245:
1243:
984:
982:
86:
Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Uthman, (
252:( d. ca. 804 or 812) was preceptor to the sons of caliph
220:
Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Ḥamzah ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Uthman
1216:
Ibn Mujahid and the Canonization of the Seven Readings
892:(Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 467.
256:
and one of the ‘Seven Readers’ of the seven canonical
1482:
Bughyat al-Wu'āt fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh
711:
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī, Abū ‘Abd Allāh of
1459:(in Arabic and French). Vol. VI. Translated by
16:
8th-century founder of Kufi school of Arabic grammar
3491:
3343:
3275:
3202:
2949:
2561:
2435:
1807:
1538:
337:A famous anecdote relates a grammatical contest in
189:
161:
151:
141:
136:
117:
112:
82:
64:
48:
35:
1467:, Pavet de. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. pp.
1424:
921:
883:
881:
1190:
1154:
693:VI (6), 480; Nadīm (al-), 76, 141-2, 145, 1084.
563:) 'Terminations and Connections in the Qur’ān';
1451:Mas'ūdī (al-), Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn
1435:, 84, 112, 143, 144, 158, 191, 361, 365, 504.
1101:
1099:
676:was the oldest and al-Kisa'i was the youngest.
2191:
1516:
575:) 'Disagreement or Discrepancies of Numbers';
93:
8:
915:
913:
801:Al-Duri was a transmitter for the method of
715:, a judge under Hārūn al-Rashīd who died at
630:
618:
606:
594:
582:
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
510:
498:
486:
474:
243:
233:
223:
213:
99:
87:
38:
1297:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1202:
1178:
1044:. University of Chicago Press. p. 51.
1040:Touati, Houari; Cochrane, Lydia G. (2010).
1027:
1015:
1000:
988:
836:For list of authors of books of this title
3818:
3340:
3327:
2432:
2419:
2249:
2214:
2198:
2184:
2176:
1523:
1509:
1501:
615:Kitāb al-Hā'āt al-Makani biha fi al-Qur'an
225:أبو الحسن على بن حمزة بن عبد الله بن عثمان
89:أبو الحسن على بن حمزة بن عبد الله بن عثمان
32:
639:Al-Kisā’ī composed ten leaves of poetry.
1339:(1872). J. Roediger; A. Mueller (eds.).
1317:(1871). J. Roediger; A. Mueller (eds.).
1063:
1061:
961:The Ten Readers & Their Transmitters
611:) 'Poems of Contention and Their Forms';
297:at Baghdād as tutor to the two princes,
250:Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Hamzah of al-Kūfah
1132:, pg. 245. Leiden: Brill Archive, 1952.
955:
953:
862:
665:
1285:
1166:
1479:(1909). Khānjī, Muḥammad Amīn (ed.).
1323:(in Arabic and German). Vol. 1.
1109:, pg. 13. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004.
672:Of the seven canonical transmitters,
603:Kitāb Ash'ār al-Mu'āyāh wa-Tarā'iqiha
7:
1493:Ṭabaqāt al-Naḥwīyīn wa-al-Lughawīyīn
959:Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM Saifullah,
920:Donzel, E. J. van (1 January 1994).
760:, still a point of contention today.
649:List of Arab scientists and scholars
623:) 'Forms of Surnames in the Qur’an';
287:Al-Kisā’ī entered the court of the
264:, the rival philology school to the
4007:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate
3824:National literatures of Arab states
1477:Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd Al-Raḥmān
1373:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad
1355:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad
1042:Islam and Travel in the Middle Ages
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
244:
234:
224:
214:
100:
94:
88:
39:
19:For the scholar of c. 1100 CE, see
1130:A History of Muslim Historiography
349:. The debate was organized by the
14:
1690:Al-Duri 'an Al-Kissa'i recitation
620:كتاب الهاءات المكنى بها في القرآن
2236:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions
1589:Al-Duri 'an Al-Basri recitation
1399:. Vol. III. Translated by
1076:Landmarks in Linguistic Thought
1072:The Arabic Linguistic Tradition
126:Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
4012:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
2336:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri
1381:. Vol. II. Translated by
1141:al-Qāsim Ibn-ʻAlī al- Ḥarīrī,
654:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
479:) 'The Meaning of the Qur’an';
1:
2533:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi
1393:, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1868).
1363:. Vol. I. Translated by
890:The Cambridge history of Iran
539:) 'Book of Medium Anecdotes';
527:) 'Book of Great Anecdotes';
262:Kufi school of Arabic grammar
2085:Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami
1990:Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam
608:كتاب اشعار المعاياة وطرائقها
555:Kitāb al-Maqtu' wa-Mawsulahu
551:) 'Book of Small Anecdotes';
466:Among his books there were:
2994:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib
396:(فإذا هو إياها), literally
4048:
4022:9th-century Iranian people
4017:8th-century Iranian people
2528:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni
1345:(in Arabic). Vol. 2.
543:Kitāb al-Nawādir al-Asghir
491:) 'Abridgment of Grammar';
25:
18:
3830:
3817:
3536:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar
3339:
3326:
2431:
2418:
2261:
2248:
2226:
2213:
2093:
788:was a popular teacher at
560:كتاب مقطوع القرآن وموصوله
531:Kitāb al-Nawādir al-Awsat
519:Kitāb al-Nawādir al-Kabīr
445:The Reading of al- Kisā’ī
203:
108:
3982:8th-century philologists
2926:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli
1337:Flügel, Gustav Leberecht
1327:: F.C.W. Vogel. p.
1315:Flügel, Gustav Leberecht
888:Frye, R.N., ed. (1975).
394:... fa-'ida huwa 'iyyaha
374:(فإذا هو هي), literally
361:al-Mas'ala al-Zunburīyah
305:. His early biographer
26:Not to be confused with
3295:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi
2746:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
2601:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi
2386:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith
2281:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād
1995:Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi
1799:Abu Al-Faraj recitation
1779:Ibn Shanbuth recitation
1625:Ibn Thaqouan recitation
1157:, p. 612, vol.III.
567:Kitāb Ikhtilāf al-'Adad
483:Kitāb Mukhtasar al-Nahw
317:official of Al-Rashīd,
4002:Philologists of Arabic
2801:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari
2791:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya
2306:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah
1925:Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud
1794:Al-Mutawaie recitation
1714:Ibn Djammaz recitation
1702:Ibn Wardane recitation
1288:, p. 686, vol.II.
1193:, p. 401, n.1, I.
1074:, pg. 64. Part of the
924:Islamic Desk Reference
471:Kitāb Ma'ānī al-Qur'an
401:
398:... sure-enough he her
379:
376:... sure-enough he she
359:, and became known as
92:); Bahman ibn Fīrūz (
4027:Grammarians from Iran
3977:8th-century linguists
3541:Abdur Rahman Kashgari
3373:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
3074:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad
2891:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
2453:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib
2443:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi
2266:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel
2061:Muhammad ibn Muheisan
1218:, p. 129. Taken from
1214:Shady Hekmat Nasser,
825:The Reading of Ḥamzah
803:Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'
403:meaning "he is her".
391:
372:... fa-'ida huwa hiya
369:
3987:8th-century scholars
3716:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi
3676:Mohamed Said Raihani
3561:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal
3408:Suleyman al-Boustani
3237:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya
2786:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur
2711:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa
2691:Abu Mansur al-Azhari
2586:Abu Firas al-Hamdani
2548:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a
2538:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari
2518:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr
2391:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma
2296:Al-Khirniq bint Badr
2138:Qur'anic punctuation
2015:Abu Jaafar al-Madani
2005:Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid
1894:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi
1789:Ibn Farah recitation
1784:Al-Khayat recitation
1774:Al-Balkhi recitation
1601:As-Soussi recitation
1191:Khallikān (Ibn) 1843
1181:, pp. 69, 1035.
1155:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868
674:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi
536:كتاب النوادر الاوسطِ
427:Hishām ibn Mu'āwīyah
319:Muḥammad al-Shaybānī
3997:Grammarians of Kufa
3791:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra
3646:Ihsan Abdel Quddous
3378:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq
2761:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari
2636:Baha' al-din Zuhair
2508:Layla al-Akhyaliyya
2376:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya
2326:Antarah ibn Shaddad
2316:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl
2158:Special recitations
1853:Ibn Kathir al-Makki
1678:Al-Layth recitation
1565:Al-Bazzi recitation
1300:, p. 361, 365.
548:كتاب النوادر الاصغر
524:كتاب النوادر الكبير
194:Hisham ibn Muawiyah
156:Grammarians of Kufa
152:School or tradition
113:Academic background
98:); Abū ‘Abd Allāh (
3972:9th-century deaths
3601:Abdul Rahman Munif
3571:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel
3546:Muhammad al-Maghut
3521:Ahlam Mosteghanemi
3247:Hamdallah Mustawfi
3212:Ahmad ibn Arabshah
2831:Abu Ahmad Monajjem
2666:Al-Hariri of Basra
2661:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan
2606:Arib al-Ma'muniyya
2543:Dorayd bin Al Soma
2473:Maysun bint Bahdal
2311:'Alqama ibn 'Abada
2231:Namara inscription
2056:Sulaiman al-Aʽmash
1666:Khallad recitation
1637:Shu'bah recitation
1383:MacGuckin de Slane
1365:MacGuckin de Slane
1169:, p. 30, n.3.
734:Khatib al-Baghdādī
443:.and Bakkār wrote
441:Al-Kitāb al-Kisā’ī
21:Muḥammad al-Kisāʾī
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3766:Ibrahim Nasrallah
3726:Ibrahim al-Mazini
3626:Saadallah Wannous
3423:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi
3413:Butrus al-Bustani
3368:Ibrahim al-Yaziji
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3194:Ibn Abi al-Khisal
3079:ibn Hani al-Azdi
2921:Usama ibn Munqidh
2896:Sharif al-Murtaza
2881:Al-Sharif al-Radi
2841:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’
2641:Bashshar ibn Burd
2513:Suraqah al-Bariqi
2463:Hassan ibn Thabit
2414:
2413:
2351:Laila bint Lukaiz
2276:Afira bint 'Abbad
2244:
2243:
2207:Arabic literature
2173:
2172:
2039:Khalaf ibn Hisham
2027:Yaqoub al-Hadrami
1947:Khalaf ibn Hisham
1942:Hamzah az-Zaiyyat
1654:Khalaf recitation
1613:Hisham recitation
1577:Qunbul recitation
1442:978-0-231-02925-4
1401:McGuckin de Slane
1051:978-0-226-80877-2
928:. BRILL. p.
899:978-0-521-20093-6
736:XII, § 81, 6489;
572:كتاب اختلاف العدد
476:كتاب معانى القرآن
439:Al-Naqqāsh wrote
260:. He founded the
207:
206:
146:Abbāsid Caliphate
4039:
4032:Iranian scholars
3819:
3786:Mourid Barghouti
3741:Nazik Al-Malaika
3671:Abdellatif Laabi
3591:Ghassan Kanafani
3516:Sonallah Ibrahim
3501:Nawal El Saadawi
3428:Abdallah Marrash
3418:Ahmad Zaki Pasha
3398:Qustaki al-Himsi
3341:
3328:
3069:Lubna of Córdoba
2974:Maria Alphaizuli
2861:Laylā bint Ṭarīf
2616:Ahmad al-Tifashi
2488:Jarir ibn Atiyah
2483:Suraqa bin Malik
2478:Jamil ibn Ma'mar
2433:
2420:
2401:Aktham ibn Saifi
2396:Zuhayr ibn Janab
2250:
2215:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2166:
2081:
2069:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2000:Mujahid ibn Jabr
1979:
1955:
1919:
1907:
1899:Hisham ibn Ammar
1888:
1870:Abu Amr of Basra
1770:
1762:Ishaq recitation
1758:
1750:Idris recitation
1746:
1738:Rouis recitation
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1553:Qalun recitation
1548:Warsh recitation
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1497:
1486:
1472:
1463:, C Barbier de;
1446:
1430:
1423:, Bayard (ed.).
1412:
1386:
1368:
1350:
1332:
1301:
1298:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1274:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1271:
1265:
1262:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1259:
1253:
1250:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1247:
1238:
1228:Brill Publishers
1212:
1206:
1205:, p. 79-82.
1203:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1179:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1103:
1094:
1078:series, vol. 3.
1065:
1056:
1055:
1037:
1031:
1028:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1025:
1019:
1016:Nadīm (al-) 1970
1013:
1004:
1001:Nadīm (al-) 1970
998:
992:
989:Nadīm (al-) 1970
986:
977:
970:
964:
957:
948:
947:
927:
917:
908:
907:
885:
876:
875:
867:
850:
834:
828:
821:
815:
812:
806:
799:
793:
782:
776:
767:
761:
750:
744:
730:
724:
709:
703:
700:
694:
683:
677:
670:
634:
633:
622:
621:
610:
609:
598:
597:
591:Kitāb al-Masādir
586:
585:
574:
573:
562:
561:
550:
549:
538:
537:
526:
525:
514:
513:
502:
501:
495:Kitāb al-Qirā'āt
490:
489:
488:كتاب مختصر النحو
478:
477:
463:
462:
458:
357:Yahya ibn Khalid
247:
246:
237:
236:
230:Bahman ibn Fīrūz
227:
226:
217:
216:
103:
102:
97:
96:
91:
90:
83:Other names
42:
41:
33:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4036:
3992:Arabic language
3962:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3826:
3805:
3666:Mohammed Bennis
3656:Mohamed Choukri
3596:Ghada al-Samman
3526:Mahmoud Darwish
3487:
3483:Tawfiq al-Hakim
3438:Maryana Marrash
3433:Francis Marrash
3363:Nasif al-Yaziji
3358:Maruf al Rusafi
3335:
3314:
3310:Ahmed Ben Triki
3271:
3198:
2953:
2945:
2906:Yaqut al-Hamawi
2776:Ibn al-Muqaffa'
2756:Yunus ibn Habib
2701:ibn al-Mudabbir
2557:
2523:Waddah al-Yaman
2493:Ka'b bin Zuhayr
2458:Fadl Ashsha'ira
2427:
2410:
2356:Mahd al-Aadiyya
2321:Amr ibn Kulthum
2257:
2240:
2222:
2209:
2204:
2174:
2169:
2160:
2128:Ten recitations
2089:
2075:
2073:Yahya al-Yazidi
2063:
2041:
2029:
2017:
1973:
1949:
1913:
1901:
1882:
1817:Nafiʽ al-Madani
1803:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1726:Rouh recitation
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1642:Hafs recitation
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1534:
1532:Quranic qira'at
1529:
1489:
1475:
1449:
1443:
1415:
1391:Khallikān (Ibn)
1389:
1371:
1353:
1349:: F.C.W. Vogel.
1335:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1241:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1126:Franz Rosenthal
1124:
1120:
1104:
1097:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
980:
971:
967:
958:
951:
940:
919:
918:
911:
900:
887:
886:
879:
869:
868:
864:
859:
854:
853:
835:
831:
822:
818:
813:
809:
800:
796:
783:
779:
768:
764:
751:
747:
731:
727:
710:
706:
701:
697:
684:
680:
671:
667:
662:
645:
464:
460:
456:
454:
453:
431:Yaḥya al-Farrā'
424:
416:Harun al-Rashid
335:
295:Hārūn al-Rashīd
278:
254:Hārūn al-Rashīd
170:Arabic language
130:Yunus ibn Habib
78:
69:
60:
44:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4045:
4043:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3796:Samih al-Qasim
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Omar Abu Risha
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3701:Youssef Rzouga
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3661:Leila Abouzeid
3658:
3653:
3651:Alaa Al Aswany
3648:
3643:
3641:Leila Aboulela
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3621:Colette Khoury
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3556:Abbās al-Aqqād
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3506:Naguib Mahfouz
3503:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3383:Naoum Mokarzel
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3267:Al-Qalqashandi
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3184:Ibn al-Kattani
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Ibn Abd Rabbih
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Ibn al-Shajari
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Rabia of Basra
2748:
2743:
2741:Aban al-Lahiqi
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Abu al-Atahiya
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Ibn al-Mu'tazz
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Ibn Abi Hasina
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2150:
2148:Heavenly Quran
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2053:
2051:Hasan al-Basri
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1473:
1447:
1441:
1413:
1387:
1369:
1351:
1333:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1264:, p. 191.
1254:
1239:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1134:
1118:
1095:
1068:Kees Versteegh
1057:
1050:
1032:
1030:, p. 158.
1020:
1018:, p. 144.
1005:
1003:, p. 504.
993:
991:, p. 143.
978:
972:Shady Nasser,
965:
949:
938:
909:
898:
877:
861:
860:
858:
855:
852:
851:
829:
816:
807:
794:
777:
762:
745:
725:
704:
695:
678:
664:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
651:
644:
641:
637:
636:
627:Kitāb al-Huruf
624:
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
552:
540:
528:
516:
504:
503:) ' Readings';
492:
480:
452:
449:
423:
420:
334:
331:
277:
274:
240:Abū ‘Abd Allāh
205:
204:
201:
200:
191:
187:
186:
163:
162:Main interests
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
84:
80:
79:
70:
66:
62:
61:
52:
50:
46:
45:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4044:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Yusuf al-Khal
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Elia Abu Madi
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:Waciny Laredj
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Zakaria Tamer
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Ibrahim Tuqan
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Nizar Qabbani
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Kahlil Gibran
3456:
3454:
3453:Mikhail Naimy
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Hafez Ibrahim
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Ibn al-Wannan
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Ibn Al Ouardy
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Ibn al-Yayyab
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Ibn al-Khatib
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Ibn al-Zaqqaq
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Al-Rumaikiyya
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Al Suhrawardi
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Ibn al-Anbari
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Bint al-Mahdī
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:Early Islamic
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Imru' al-Qais
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Seven readers
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Ibn al-Jazari
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:, p. 79.
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1252:, p. 84.
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:9789004240810
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:M.G. Carter,
1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:9780415157575
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
969:
966:
962:
956:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:90-04-09738-4
935:
931:
926:
925:
916:
914:
910:
906:
901:
895:
891:
884:
882:
878:
873:
866:
863:
856:
848:
847:
842:
839:
833:
830:
826:
820:
817:
811:
808:
804:
798:
795:
791:
787:
781:
778:
775:
774:Ibn Khallikan
772:
766:
763:
759:
755:
749:
746:
742:
739:
735:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
708:
705:
699:
696:
692:
688:
682:
679:
675:
669:
666:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
642:
640:
628:
625:
616:
613:
604:
601:
592:
589:
587:) 'Spelling';
580:
579:Kitāb al-Hija
577:
568:
565:
556:
553:
544:
541:
532:
529:
520:
517:
508:
507:Kitāb al'Adad
505:
500:كتاب القراءات
496:
493:
484:
481:
472:
469:
468:
467:
459:
450:
448:
446:
442:
437:
436:
432:
428:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
400:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
378:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
333:Rival Schools
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
290:
285:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
241:
235:بهمن بن فيروز
231:
221:
211:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:Academic work
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
107:
95:بهمن بن فيروز
85:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
34:
29:
28:Kisai Marvazi
22:
3917:Saudi Arabia
3860:Copto-Arabic
3761:Saadi Yousef
3736:Safa Khulusi
3721:Hasan Tawfiq
3691:Alifa Rifaat
3686:Tahar Djaout
3586:Emile Habibi
3576:Sinan Antoon
3493:Contemporary
3478:Taha Hussein
3468:Jurji Zaydan
3448:Ahmed Shawqi
3393:Ameen Rihani
3242:Ibn al-Wardi
3129:al-Shushtari
3104:Umm Al-Kiram
3009:Ibn al-Abbar
2989:Al-Rukuniyya
2936:Ibn al-Nafis
2866:Al-Tha'alibi
2816:Ibn Qutaybah
2716:Al-Mutanabbi
2696:ibn al-Mahdi
2671:Ibn al-Farid
2626:ibn al-'Amid
2576:Ibn al-Ahnaf
2341:Hatim al-Tai
2271:Adi ibn Zayd
1965:
1911:Ibn Thaqouan
1492:
1481:
1455:
1426:
1395:
1377:
1359:
1341:
1319:
1308:Bibliography
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1219:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1106:
1075:
1071:
1041:
1035:
1023:
996:
974:Canonization
973:
968:
943:
923:
903:
889:
871:
865:
844:
837:
832:
824:
819:
810:
797:
780:
770:
765:
757:
753:
748:
740:
728:
720:
707:
698:
690:
686:
681:
668:
638:
635:) 'Letters'.
626:
614:
602:
596:كتاب المصادر
590:
578:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
515:) 'Numbers';
506:
494:
482:
470:
465:
444:
440:
438:
425:
412:huwa 'iyyaha
411:
405:
402:
397:
393:
392:
386:
382:
380:
375:
371:
370:
364:
360:
336:
286:
279:
266:Basri school
249:
245:أبو عبد الله
239:
238:), surnamed
229:
219:
209:
208:
101:أبو عبد الله
37:Al-Kisā’ī (
3801:Fadwa Tuqan
3746:Ahmed Matar
3731:al-Jawahiri
3711:Amal Donqol
3706:Salah Jahin
3636:Tayeb Salih
3511:Yusuf Idris
3463:Farah Antun
3403:al-Kawakibi
3300:Hanna Diyab
3277:Ottoman era
3262:Ibn Khaldun
3232:Ibn Battuta
3144:Ibn al-Arif
3039:Ibn Khafaja
2821:Dik al-Jinn
2811:Al-Qasabani
2781:Al-Mubarrad
2766:Al-Farahidi
2736:Al-Armanazi
2676:Ibn al-Rumi
2656:Al-Isfahani
2631:Al-Hamadani
2596:Al-Mudabbir
2563:Abbasid era
2553:al-Mufaddal
2448:Al-Farazdaq
2406:Al-Munakhal
2301:Al-Shanfara
2286:Al-Hujayjah
2255:Pre-Islamic
2161: [
2076: [
2064: [
2042: [
2030: [
2018: [
1974: [
1950: [
1914: [
1902: [
1883: [
1844:Abu Nasheet
1832:Al-Isfahani
1765: [
1753: [
1741: [
1729: [
1717: [
1705: [
1693: [
1681: [
1669: [
1657: [
1645: [
1628: [
1616: [
1604: [
1592: [
1580: [
1568: [
1556: [
1409:W. H. Allen
1403:, William.
1286:Flügel 1872
1167:Flügel 1871
841:Nadīm (al-)
632:كتاب الحروف
584:كتاب الهجاء
327:Ibn al-Kūfī
268:founded by
3966:Categories
3892:Mauritania
3696:Ali Douagi
3616:Hanna Mina
3606:Al Gosaibi
3473:May Ziadeh
3388:Ahmad Rida
3353:El Baroudy
3285:Al-Nabulsi
3257:al-Nafzawi
3252:Ibn Nubata
3227:Ibn Manzur
3204:Mamluk era
3189:Ibn Tufayl
3179:Ibn Jubayr
3149:Ibn Wahbun
3134:Abu Madyan
3064:Ibn Zaydún
3059:Ibn Zamrak
3049:Ibn Quzman
3034:Ibn Juzayy
3029:Ibn Bassam
2999:Ibn Hamdis
2964:Abu Ja'far
2951:Al-Andalus
2941:Ibn 'Adlan
2886:Ibn Hayyus
2876:al-Tawhīdī
2871:Al-Daylami
2856:Al-Tughrai
2836:Ibn Bakkar
2771:Al-Shafi'i
2706:Al-Ma'arri
2681:Ibn Duraid
2591:Abu Tammam
2366:Al-Nabigha
2143:Muqattaʿat
1465:Courteille
1342:Al-Fihrist
1320:Al-Fihrist
1115:1850436711
857:References
846:Al-Fihrist
721:Enc. Islām
599:) 'Nouns';
512:كتاب العدد
228:), called
190:Influenced
118:Influences
3907:Palestine
3756:al-Sayyab
3751:Al-Bayati
3222:Al-Busiri
3169:al-Fazazi
3154:Ibn Abdun
3124:Ibn Arabi
3114:Yusuf III
3109:Yusuf III
3099:Al-Tutili
3019:Ibn Amira
2984:Buthaina
2979:Ibn Ammar
2916:Al-Hallaj
2851:Niftawayh
2796:Al-Zahiri
2721:Abu Nuwas
2686:al-Zajjaj
2651:Al-Busiri
2611:Al-Asma'i
2503:Kuthayyir
2498:Al-Khansa
2425:Classical
2291:Al-Ḥurqah
1971:Al-Laythi
1966:Al-Kisa'i
1880:Al-Soussi
1540:Qira'ates
1375:(1843b).
1107:Sibawayhi
1084:Routledge
976:, pg. 38.
849:, p. 191.
758:It is her
754:It is she
323:al-Farrā'
299:al-Ma’mūn
210:Al-Kisā’ī
198:Al-Farrā'
166:philology
122:Al-Ru’āsī
3850:Djibouti
3566:Said Akl
3159:Avempace
3139:al-Rundi
3119:Ibn Hazm
3054:Ibn Sahl
3024:Ibn Baqi
2901:Al Uyuni
2731:Shāriyah
2726:Al-Jahiz
2361:Mu'aqqir
2331:Al-A'sha
1858:Al-Bazzi
1827:Al-Azraq
1453:(1871).
1419:(1970).
1357:(1843).
1230:, 2012.
1086:, 1997.
723:IV, 271.
719:in 804.
643:See also
343:Sibawayh
311:Khurāsān
307:Al-Nadim
270:Sibawayh
132:, et al.
54:Al-Kūfah
3937:Tunisia
3922:Somalia
3897:Morocco
3882:Lebanon
3845:Comoros
3840:Bahrain
3835:Algeria
3611:Echebbi
3164:al-Baji
3094:Qasmuna
2956:Maghreb
2846:Al-Suli
2646:Buhturi
2113:Tarteel
1983:Al-Duri
1959:Khallad
1930:Shu'bah
1875:Al-Duri
1461:Meynard
1347:Leipzig
1325:Leipzig
905:origin.
790:Samarra
786:Baghdad
717:Al-Rayy
435:Al-Duri
408:Bedouin
351:Abbasid
347:Baṣrans
345:of the
339:Baghdad
315:hanīfah
303:al-Amīn
289:Abbāsid
282:Persian
258:Qira'at
248:), and
215:الكسائي
174:Bedouin
72:Al-Rayy
40:الكسائي
3942:U.A.E.
3877:Kuwait
3872:Jordan
3531:Adunis
3333:Modern
3290:Fuzûlî
3089:Nazhun
2381:Tarafa
2153:Tanzil
2123:Idjaza
2118:Tajwid
2108:Tilawa
1863:Qunbul
1809:Qāriʾs
1471:, 319.
1439:
1405:London
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1224:Leiden
1113:
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1080:London
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689:Yāqūt
455:": -->
422:Legacy
354:vizier
292:caliph
181:idioms
177:poetry
3947:Yemen
3932:Syria
3927:Sudan
3912:Qatar
3887:Libya
3855:Egypt
3345:Nahda
3084:Muhya
2826:‘Inān
2346:Labīd
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660:Notes
451:Works
383:to be
184:Quran
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2954:and
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1437:ISBN
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756:and
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