601:ā³Those who still live on Shuhada Street canāt enter their own homes from the street. Some use the rooftops to go in and out, climbing from one roof to another before issuing into adjacent homes or alleys. Some have cut gaping holes in the walls connecting their homes to other (often deserted) houses and thus pass through these buildings until they can exit into a lane outside or up a flight of stairs to a passageway on top of the old casba market. According to a survey conducted by the human-rights organization BāTselem in 2007, 42 per cent of the Palestinian population in the city center of Hebron (area H2)āsome 1,014 familiesāhave abandoned their homes and moved out, most of them to area H1, now under Palestinian control.ā³
162:, more specifically the Agreed Minute of 7 January 1997, Israel agreed to completely reopen the Shuhada Street and restore the situation which existed prior to February 1994 (article 7 of the Protocol). The street was reopened for traffic for a year; the shops, however, remained closed. In 1998, vehicles where prohibited again. The street was alternately opened and closed, until it was definitively closed for all Palestinians upon the Second Intifada. All entrances to the houses in al-Shuhada Street were sealed. Since then, the house owners can only enter their home through climbing the roofs or through holes in the wall.
22:
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150:. Subsequently, the Yitzhak Rabin-led Government closed the Palestinian shops and prohibited Palestinian vehicular traffic in the nearby Shuhada Street, to protect the settlers. The army closed down 304 shops and warehouses along Shuhada Street, as well as Palestinian municipal and governmental offices. The central bus station was turned into an army base. The Tomb of the Patriarchs was divided into separate sections for Jewish and Muslim worshippers.
72:
480:ā³Shuhada Street is officially only called by this name, however as I was going down the street I noticed that there are no street signs on neither Shuhada Street or on any of the adjoining streets. While I passed many signs and a few wall size murals in Hebrew telling the history of Hebron according to the settlers, and signs hanging from Palestinian homes calling it Apartheid Street, there were no official street signsā³
80:
310:
disperse. Some marchers were arrested for throwing stones and soldiers shot several people with rubber-coated steel bullets. The
Israeli army said that they "used riot dispersal means" after "150 Palestinians violently crowded" the area. A cameraman for BāTselem and a Palmedia journalist were, according to the organizers, shot in the head with rubber-coated steel bullets.
127:. Israelis call it "King David Street". In 2011, Palestinians temporarily renamed the street to "Apartheid Street". Explaining the change, Rafiq al-Jabari, aide to Hebron's Governor, said that the change would remain in place "until the end of the Apartheid segregation that is enforced by the settlers under the protection of occupation soldiers".
322:
has organized weekly non-violent demonstrations on
Saturdays for the reopening to Palestinians of Shuhada Street, and for freedom of movement for all Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian territories. Israeli, International and Palestinian demonstrators attended the demonstrations next to a closed
173:
In
December 2006, the IDF declared that Palestinian pedestrians had been refused entry for six years "by mistake". Previously having been stopped by soldiers, some Palestinians and activists were permitted access for 3 days. Stones were thrown at them by Jewish settler children, without being stopped
282:
At the second demonstration on 25 February 2011, the non-violent protestors were met with tear gas, sound grenades, and rubber bullets. Tear gas canisters were reportedly fired directly at the protestors. According to the organizers, 20 people were taken to hospital. One
Israeli, two Palestinians,
106:
After the closure of all
Palestinian shops, the Palestinian municipal and governmental offices, and the central bus station, which became an Israeli army base, the area of al-Shuhada Street became virtually a ghost town. The vegetable and wholesale markets next to the Avraham Avinu settlement have
273:
At the first demonstration on 25 February 2010, Hebron residents, Israeli activists and international volunteer groups were gathered, accompanied by press and political leaders. After just a few minutes, about 150 meters from the
Shuhada Street checkpoint, the IDF reportedly attacked the peaceful
326:
On 10 August 2010, the
Israeli army responded to the peaceful weekly demonstrations with collective punishment by closure of Palestinian shops near the start location and sealing the doors, after earlier threats. Afterwards soldiers attacked and arrested people. They declared the area a āclosed
185:
reported that six settler families had been living in caravans in an IDF camp in
Shuhada Street for more than ten years. An IDF spokesman said Israeli settlers were authorized to live in the site in the early 1990s. Dror Etkes of Peace Now described the situation as an "unhealthy coupling" that
309:
At the fifth demonstration on 21 February 2014, according to AFP, about 1000 Palestinians together with
Israeli and international activists marched to an Israeli military post on Shuhada Street from the Ali mosque. Israeli soldiers fired stun grenades and tear gas after the marchers refused to
197:
Currently, Palestinian shops are still prohibited in al-Shuhada Street, and
Palestinian vehicles forbidden to enter. Palestinian pedestrians are subject to frequent rigorous control by Israeli soldiers at the many checkpoints in and around the street, and in some parts completely banned from
169:
had petitioned the state, Israel presented to the High Court a "plan for protection of the Jewish community in Hebron", according to which Palestinians would be allowed to walk on the street, but the prohibition on opening shops and on vehicular traffic on the street would remain in force.
193:
issued temporary permits to some Palestinian occupants to re-use their main entrance on the street. Visitors were still denied use of these entrances. The army unsealed the welding on the front doors of homes. After August 2008, the permits were no longer renewed.
174:
by the accompanying policemen and soldiers. Instead, a 75-year-old volunteer was arrested, after she tried to prevent one of the soldiers from kicking one of her colleagues. Then, the street was declared a "closed military area" and entirely closed again, because
291:
At the third demonstration on 24 February 2012, estimated 8,000 Palestinians from across the West Bank, joined by solidarity activists, participated in the demonstration in Hebron. Six demonstrators were arrested. Many protesters were injured by tear gas.
210:, Jewish settlers invaded the home of Palestinian inhabitants of Shuhada Street, beat the family, and wounded Zidan Sharbati. Israeli soldiers, who accompanied the settlers, arrested his brother Mofid, while Zidan was evacuated to a hospital.
300:
At the fourth demonstration on 22 February 2013, the Israeli army sprayed the crowd with skunk water and threw stun grenades into the crowd. Dozens were wounded by rubber coated steel bullets or teargas. One journalist was hit in the leg.
255:
Every year, many demonstrations are held worldwide to call for the reopening to Palestinians of al-Shuhada Street. On the 25th of February 2010, which marks the anniversary of the 1994 massacre by Baruch Goldstein, the Palestinian group
91:, used to be the central wholesale market of the Hebron region, as its central location to the tomb, and the location of the bus station and police station, made it a natural gathering place. After riots following the February 1994
264:
organized the first demonstration of what would become the "Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration". They take place in Hebron, attended by Palestinians from all political parties, joined by Israeli and international activists.
25:
Israeli checkpoint in Shuhada Street in 2012. The only Palestinians that may enter the area are house owners, and they may only enter by foot ā since 2010, only Israeli cars can use the road, as well as Israeli settlers and
469:
143:, which is located a few hundred meters north of the Shuhada Street. Sarah Nachshon, the wife of its founder, started another settlement in a police station in the Shuhada Street in 1979.
1017:
75:
Shuhada Street with closed Palestinian shops in 2010. It is claimed that the passing for Palestinians is forbidden, & only Israeli settlers and tourists are allowed to pass.
475:
217:
showing a teenage settler throwing wine at a passing Palestinian woman before a Purim parade in Shuhada Street won 3rd prize in the General News category of the 2009
159:
872:
99:, the street was reopened to Arab vehicular traffic. The shops, however, remained closed. The street was closed again to Palestinians after violence in the
283:
and three internationals were detained. Military sources only confirmed one arrest. The TIPH estimated that 1,500 people took part in the demonstrations.
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Following the Israeli occupation of Hebron in 1967, a number of settlements were established in and around the city. The first settlement, being
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become an area forbidden for Palestinians. An annual international "Open Shuhada Street" demonstration has been organized since 2010.
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474:, pp. 10, 38-39. Ea Arnoldi, 17 September 2012; dissertation School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London).
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The weekly protests are part of many weekly demonstrations across Palestine, from which the protests in
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In April 2007, under public pressure, and the night before the Supreme Court would hear the case, the
21:
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While there are no official signs, al-Shuhada Street is the official name of the street, meaning
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228:, was killed at Checkpoint 56 at Shuhada street by an Israeli soldier manning the checkpoint.
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as of November 2006, closing Shuhada Street and adjacent streets. Poica, 20 December 2006
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95:, Israel closed the street for Palestinians. In the early 2000s, in accordance with the
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444:"A Jewish American Explains Why She's Breaking Her Silence About Israel's Occupation"
368:"A Jewish American Explains Why She's Breaking Her Silence About Israel's Occupation"
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demonstration with sound bombs and tear gas. Children were threatened with rifles.
79:
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reflected the "growing distortion in the relations between the IDF and settlers".
136:
471:
Renaming Shuhada Street - Palestinian Activism and Spatial Narratives in Hebron
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military zoneā and threw, before leaving, a sound grenade amid the bystanders.
754:
Call for international day of action to re-open Shuhada street to Palestinians
711:"Israel/OPT: Evidence indicates West Bank killing was extrajudicial execution"
146:
In February 1994, a Jewish settler from Kiryat Arba killed 29 Muslims in the
261:
767:
Israeli forces commemorate Goldstein Massacre with tear gas and sound bombs
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43:
510:"Hebron Journal; On This Street, It's All Painted Over but the Hatred"
780:
Many injured and several detained at al-Shuhada street demonstration
109:
78:
633:"Six settler families have lived in Hebron IDF camp for a decade"
940:
808:
Violent confrontations during open Shuhada Street demonstrations
889:
Israeli army close down shops opposite Shuhada street in Hebron
647:
Israeli forces detain Hebron man after settlers invade his home
567:
17 years after Goldstein Massacre, Hebron city center paralyzed
176:ā³there had been disturbances at that spot in the last few daysā³
495:
Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron - Agreed Minute
418:"Renaming Shuhada StreetāPalestinian Resistance and Graffiti"
857:
740:
323:
entrance to Shuhada street and the Beit Romano settlement.
845:"Shuhada Street protest ends in clashes with Israeli army"
392:"Maan News Agency: Hebron road renamed "Apartheid Street""
598:. David Shulman, New York Review of Books, 22 March 2013:
224:
On September 22, 2015, an 18-year-old Palestinian woman,
920:. International Solidarity Movement, 20 September 2010
549:, p. 2. Jeffrey Goldberg, The New Yorker, 31 May 2004
530:. Ma'an News Agency. 15 September 2011. Archived from
863:. Jews For Justice For Palestinians, 21 February 2014
811:. International Solidarity Movement, 22 February 2013
797:. International Solidarity Movement, 25 February 2012
783:. International Solidarity Movement, 26 February 2011
769:. International Solidarity Movement, 26 February 2010
743:. Jews For Justice For Palestinians, 21 February 2014
213:
Israeli photojournalist Rina Castelnuovo's photo for
334:
internationally are well-known from the documentary
892:. International Solidarity Movement, 11 August 2010
757:.International Solidarity Movement, 29 January 2010
561:
559:
557:
555:
114:
Map of the Shuhada Street, with closures as of 2011
1004:. OpenShuhadaStreet.org. Archived on 14 April 2010
741:Palestinians unite to demand āOpen Shuhada Streetā
675:"2009, Rina Castelnuovo, 3rd prize, General News"
827:"Hundreds demand reopening of key Hebron street"
878:. International Solidarity Movement, 4 May 2010
489:
487:
296:Fourth Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration
278:Second Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration
305:Fifth Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration
287:Third Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration
269:First Annual Open Shuhada Street Demonstration
988:Al-Shuhada street - Mapping Hebron's Aparteid
903:Video: Army Seals Palestinian Shops in Hebron
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819:
817:
87:Shuhada Street, the main road leading to the
8:
794:Thousands march to end settlements in Hebron
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624:
622:
1018:Hebron in the IsraeliāPalestinian conflict
917:Weekly protests continue across Palestine
689:. The Associated Press. 12 February 2010.
465:
463:
251:Annual Open Shuhada Street demonstrations
876:-second weekly non-violent demonstration
731:. Dalia Hatuqa, Al Jazeera, 8 March 2013
528:"Hebron road renamed "Apartheid Street""
238:
70:
20:
358:
83:"Apartheid Street", painted on the road
950:Army Seals Palestinian Shops in Hebron
616:. Akiva Eldar, Haaretz, 4 January 2007
16:Street in Hebron, West Bank, Palestine
934:Ghost town: A tour of downtown Hebron
728:Saving the West Bank's Shuhada Street
7:
697:. The Jerusalem Post. 28 April 2010.
683:"List of World Press Photo winners"
38:
958:The Confinement of Hebron Old City
650:. Ma'an News Agency, 12 April 2014
584:. Video of B'Tselem, November 2006
508:Joel Greenberg (23 October 1997).
221:annual press photography contest.
14:
1023:Streets in the State of Palestine
847:. Al Jazeera. 21 February 2014.
148:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
139:, was started in 1968 near the
93:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
716:. Amnesty. September 25, 2015.
631:Amos Harel (8 February 2007).
442:Waldman, Ayelet (2014-06-12).
366:Waldman, Ayelet (2014-06-12).
206:In April 2014, as reported by
1:
858:Palestinians unite to demand
202:Violence against Palestinians
984:, The Atlantic, 12 June 2014
498:. Israel MFA, 7 January 1997
394:. 2011-11-02. Archived from
318:Since April 2010, the group
977:The Shame of Shuhada Street
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945:. B'Tselem, 1 January 2011
677:. World Press Photo. 2009.
874:Youth Against Settlements
695:"Humanizing the conflict"
320:Youth Against Settlements
258:Youth Against Settlements
154:After the Hebron Protocol
970:Map of the Hebron center
937:. B'Tselem, 19 Nov. 2013
831:The Daily Star (Lebanon)
570:. B'Tselem, 3 March 2011
1001:Open Shuhada Street FAQ
963:Israeli Military Orders
953:. B'Tselem, August 2010
906:. B'Tselem, August 2010
581:The Rooftops of Hebron
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141:Cave of the Patriarchs
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89:Tomb of the Patriarchs
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860:āOpen Shuhada Streetā
246:demonstration in 2010
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64:, is a street in the
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994:Open Shuhada Street:
669:. 13 September 2009.
534:on November 2, 2011.
191:Civil Administration
833:. 21 February 2014.
687:The Huffington Post
663:"Fervent Believers"
244:Open Shuhada Street
233:Open Shuhada Street
226:Hadeel al-Hashlamon
165:In 2005, after the
942:Hebron City Center
667:The New York Times
613:A six-year mistake
546:Among the Settlers
514:The New York Times
248:
215:The New York Times
181:In February 2007,
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66:Old City of Hebron
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1028:Israeli apartheid
219:World Press Photo
58:King David Street
31:Al-Shuhada Street
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416:Arnoldi, E.
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54:Palestinians
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39:Ų“Ų§Ų±Ų¹ Ų§ŁŲ“ŁŲÆŲ§Ų”
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137:Kiryat Arba
1012:Categories
635:. Haaretz.
453:2024-04-30
402:2023-01-08
377:2024-04-30
354:References
198:entering.
262:Issa Amro
26:tourists.
342:See also
44:Martyr's
476:Summary
183:Haaretz
131:History
41:, lit.
332:Bil'in
46:Street
35:Arabic
1033:David
714:(PDF)
421:(PDF)
208:Ma'an
167:ACRI
119:Name
56:and
60:by
52:by
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