64:
384:
365:, being terminally ill, gathered his sons: Jalal ad-Din, Aqshah, and Uzlagh Khan and announced that he appointed Jalal ad-Din as heir to the throne, because only he could confront the enemy. Summoning the younger sons to obedience, he hung his sword on the belt of Jalal ad-Din. A few days later, Muhammad died and Jalal ad-Din was proclaimed a Khwarazmshah.
439:
One of al-Zahir's concubines was Hayat Khatun. She was of
Turkish origin, a favored and trusted concubine, and the mother of one of his sons. She was manumitted upon his death and became a free woman. She died on 16 August 1241, and was buried in the mausoleum of the caliph al-Mustadi. Another of
440:
his concubines was Bab Jawhar. She was a
Turkish slave who was also a favorite of al-Zahir. She died on 1 August 1241, and was buried near the caliphal tombs in the Rusafah Cemetery. Another of his concubines was a Turkish slave. She was the mother of the future Caliph
358:. Muhammad started to retreat west, and after a series of unsuccessful battles, was left with a handful of soldiers and his sons. The huge and undisciplined Khwarazmian army was unable to defeat the enemy, which was much inferior in number.
349:
relied on his well-fortified fortresses and did not assemble troops, distributing them instead among the major towns of his empire. Meanwhile, the
Mongols swiftly took one city after another. At the beginning of 1220,
63:
1174:
372:
by
Genghis Khan in 1220, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu came to power and retreated with the remaining Khwarazm forces, while pursued by a Mongol army and at the
325:
in 1189. In his short reign, he lowered the taxes, and built a strong army to resist invasions. He died on 10 July 1226, nine months after his accession.
754:
396:
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588:
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486:
31:
747:
481:
883:
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407:, however, the Mongols caught up with him and slaughtered his forces, along with thousands of refugees, at the
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763:
369:
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338:
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and his sons during his reign (r. 1206–1227), Mongol Empire invaded North-Eastern parts of
Islamic world
1159:
1092:
816:
408:
54:
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581:كتاب جهات الأئمة الخلفاء من الحرائر والإماء المسمى نساء الخلفاء: Women and the Court of Baghdad
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denied this to him in deference to the relationship with the
Abbasid caliphs. The cities of
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and being deserted by his Afghan allies, Jalal ad-Din was forced to flee to India. At the
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were destroyed and massacred by the
Mongols, for his resistance or rebelliousness.
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and Asma Umm
Muhammad. His full name was Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nāsir and his
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790:
785:
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400:
355:
342:
507:"Historical and Cultural Heritage of Turkmenistan: Encyclopedic Dictionary"
341:
proposed to his father to meet the
Mongols in one decisive battle near the
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mint. In the name of the
Abbasid Caliph, al-Zahir. Struck in 1225-1226 CE.
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indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
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583:. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. pp. 75–76.
200:
Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nāsir al-Zāhir bi-Amr Allāh
68:
Coinage of Saif al-Din al-Hasan (1239–1249), ruler of the
579:
al-Sāʿī, Ibn; Toorawa, Shawkat M.; Bray, Julia (2017).
633:. History of Islam. Islamic Publications. p. 304.
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in the year 1225 as the thirty-fifth Abbasid Caliph.
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770:
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Utumwa: Mtazamo wa Kiislamu na wa Nchi za Magharibi
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604:Rizvi, Sayyid Saeed Akhtar; Shou, Salman (2005).
631:History of Islam: Classical period, 571-1258 C.E
261:; 1175 – 11 July 1226), better known with his
748:
651:, The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall.
361:Legend has it that Muhammad, who fled to the
8:
553:The Harpers Encyclopedia of Military History
269:
551:Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest (1993).
528:Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection
301:from 1225 to 1226. He succeeded his father
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755:
741:
733:
655:
62:
38:
285:He Who Appears Openly by the Order of God
574:
572:
27:Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 1225–1226)
498:
1175:One Thousand and One Nights characters
411:. He escaped and sought asylum in the
191:
313:Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah was the son of
7:
476:Zumurrud Khatun Mosque and Mausoleum
368:Following the defeat of his father,
30:For the seventh Fatimid caliph, see
608:. Al-Itrah Foundation. p. 64.
530:. St. Martin's Press. p. 181.
444:. Al-Zahir's other notable son was
270:
258:
25:
555:. Harper Collins. p. 366.
337:was marching towards Khwarazm,
719:5 October 1225 – 11 July 1226
487:Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi
251:Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Nāsir
1:
509:. Istanbul. 2000. pages 381;
478:was built by his grandmother.
472:built by his father al-Nasir.
329:Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia
105:5 October 1225 – 10 July 1226
1165:13th-century Abbasid caliphs
482:Mausoleum of Umar Suhrawardi
32:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah
1191:
643:This text is adapted from
456:Al-Zahir was succeeded by
333:When it became known that
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1135:
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708:
700:
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199:
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380:, defeated the Mongols.
1170:Sons of Abbasid caliphs
884:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
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370:Ala ad-Din Muhammad II
259:أبو نصر محمد بن الناصر
150:11 July 1226 (aged 51)
42:al-Ẓāhir bi-Amr Allāh
386:
321:was Abu Nasr. He was
266:al-Ẓāhir bi-Amr Allāh
817:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
670:Cadet branch of the
458:al-Mustansir bi-llah
409:Battle of the Indus
185:Mansur al-Mustansir
695:Sunni Islam titles
629:Hasan, M. (1998).
526:Man, John (2004).
446:Abu al-Qasim Ahmad
413:Sultanate of Delhi
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354:fell, followed by
323:named as successor
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1118:al-Mutawakkil III
1108:al-Mutawakkil III
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722:Succeeded by
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590:978-1-4798-6679-3
505:Gudogdyev, Ovez.
399:, the sacking of
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88:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
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1125:Ottoman conquest
1098:al-Mutawakkil II
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1103:al-Mustamsik
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1063:al-Musta'sim
1058:al-Wathiq II
1048:al-Musta'sim
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980:al-Musta'sim
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955:al-Mustanjid
935:al-Mustazhir
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725:al-Mustansir
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389:Genghis Khan
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339:Jalal al-Din
335:Genghis Khan
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312:
265:
250:
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172:Hayat Khatun
124:al-Mustansir
49:
36:
1160:1226 deaths
1073:al-Musta'in
1033:al-Hakim II
1028:al-Wathiq I
1006:(1261–1517)
905:al-Mustakfi
878:al-Muqtadir
868:al-Mu'tadid
863:al-Mu'tamid
848:al-Musta'in
843:al-Muntasir
828:al-Mu'tasim
673:Banu Hashim
405:Indus River
395:Due to the
376:, north of
363:Caspian Sea
347:Muhammad II
345:. However,
290:), was the
263:regnal name
243:Sunni Islam
110:Predecessor
1149:Categories
1018:al-Hakim I
960:al-Mustadi
950:al-Muqtafi
930:al-Muqtadi
900:al-Muttaqi
873:al-Muktafi
858:al-Muhtadi
853:al-Mu'tazz
779:(749–1258)
493:References
452:Succession
170:Bab Jawhar
70:Qarlughids
945:al-Rashid
833:al-Wathiq
823:al-Ma'mun
791:al-Mansur
786:al-Saffah
417:Iltutmish
401:Samarkand
356:Samarqand
343:Syr Darya
309:Biography
120:Successor
1088:al-Qa'im
970:al-Zahir
965:al-Nasir
925:al-Qa'im
920:al-Qadir
915:al-Ta'i'
910:al-Muti'
890:al-Qahir
796:al-Mahdi
704:al-Nasir
660:al-Zahir
464:See also
315:al-Nasir
303:al-Nasir
239:Religion
225:al-Nasir
114:al-Nasir
51:Khalīfah
18:Al-Zahir
999:Caliphs
895:al-Radi
811:al-Amin
801:al-Hadi
776:Baghdad
772:Caliphs
352:Bukhara
299:Baghdad
292:Abbasid
279:
215:Abbasid
210:Dynasty
167:Consort
161:Baghdad
152:Baghdad
140:Baghdad
96:Baghdad
86:of the
684:
612:
587:
559:
534:
513:
435:Family
425:Ghazni
295:caliph
255:Arabic
231:Mother
221:Father
157:Burial
142:(Iraq)
84:Caliph
1003:Cairo
686:Died:
679:Born:
421:Herat
378:Kabul
319:Kunya
195:Names
180:Issue
174:Zahra
102:Reign
82:35th
74:Sindh
681:1175
610:ISBN
585:ISBN
557:ISBN
532:ISBN
511:ISBN
429:Merv
427:and
415:but
276:lit.
234:Asma
147:Died
137:1175
134:Born
1001:of
774:of
647:'s
297:in
94:in
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34:.
20:)
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