1320:…not more than a few days passed before the craftsman, to whom the construction of this contrivance had been described, brought in the pen, fashioned from gold. He then filled it with ink and wrote with it, and it really did write. The pen released a little more ink than was necessary. Hence al-Mu'izz ordered that it should be adjusted slightly, and he did this. He brought forward the pen and behold, it turned out to be a pen which can be turned upside down in the hand and tipped from side to side, and no trace of ink appears from it. When a secretary takes up the pen and writes with it, he is able to write in the most elegant script that could possibly be desired; then, when he lifts the pen off the sheet of writing material, it holds in the ink. I observed that it was a wonderful piece of work, the like of which I had never imagined I would ever see.
48:
1690:كنيسة أبى سيفين ومعمودية السلطان. ما زالت هذه المعمودية الغريبة موجودة والتى تختلف عن أى معمودية أخرى فى الكنائس القبطية , وموجودة حتى الآن فى كنيسة أبى سيفين فى مصر القديمة حيث يردد الكاهن الموجود فى هذه الكنيسة لزوارها عندما يريهم معمودية السلطان أن المعز لدين الله الخليفة الفاطمى قد تعمد فى هذه المعمودية The Sultan's Baptistry at the Church of Saint Mercurius in Cairo. This strange baptistry still exists to this day, and its shape is different from that of all other baptisteries in any Coptic church. It exists to this day at the Church of Saint Mercurius in Old Cairo. The priest of the church tells the visitors that Al-Muizz Lideenilah – the Fatimid Caliph – was baptized at this baptistry.
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Later Coptic sources would further claim that this miracle led al-Mu'izz to convert to
Christianity, and that he was baptized at the church of Saint Mercurius in Cairo in a baptismal font that continues to exist to this day, known today as the "Sultan's Baptistry". According to this legend al-Mu'izz
1444:, who was the designated heir-apparent but died before his father. He also had seven daughters, of whom three are known with some detail: Sitt al-Malik, Rashida, and Abda. The last two died in their nineties in 1050, leaving behind enormous fortunes.
1347:
were allowed a large degree of freedom under al-Mu'izz. Copts were among those appointed to the highest offices of the empire and were allowed to freely practice their religion. Under Al-Mu'izz, the
1416:
Sources differ on al-Mu'izz's consorts. According to one version, he married a cousin of his, who gave him two sons, including his successor al-Aziz. Other sources report that his main consort (
1382:
According to Coptic sources, Pope
Abraham of Alexandria ordered the Coptic community to keep vigil and to pray for three days and nights. On the third night, Pope Abraham had a dream in which
1299:
Al-Mu'izz was renowned for his tolerance of other religions, and was popular among his Jewish and
Christian subjects. He is also credited for having commissioned the invention of the first
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The relationship between al-Mu'izz and the Copts of Egypt has been the subject of a number of legends written later by Coptic
Christians. One such legend involves al-Mu'izz challenging
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If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove hence to yonder place; and it shall remove; and nothing shall be impossible unto you.
1230:, they began, under his son al-Mu'izz, to turn their attentions back to their ambition of establishing their caliphate throughout the Islamic world and overthrowing the
1390:. The legend continues that with the prayers of the Coptic community, led by the Pope and Simon, the Mokattam mountain moved. This story is recounted in the book
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Towards a Shi'i
Mediterranean Empire: Fatimid Egypt and the Founding of Cairo. The Reign of Imam-Caliph al-Muʿizz, from al-Maqrīzī's Ittiʿāẓ al-ḥunafāʾ
1303:, when in 953, he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen which held ink in a reservoir. As recorded by
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abdicated the throne in favor of his son, and spent the rest of his life in a monastery. This story is rejected by Muslim historians such as
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of Spain. At the same time, Fatimid raids on Italy enabled naval superiority in the
Western Mediterranean to be affirmed, at the expense of
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The Rise of the
Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE
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1359:, was permitted, though prohibitions on some of the activities, such as fire illumination and water splashing, were instituted.
1234:. Although the Fatimids were primarily concerned with Egypt and the Near East, there were nevertheless campaigns fought in the
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in 969 without any great resistance. After he had secured his position, al-Mu'izz transferred the royal residence from
1189:, reigning from 953 to 975. It was during his caliphate that the center of power of the Fatimid dynasty was moved from
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Fatimid literature rose to a degree of prominence in the period of al-Mu'izz with the emergence of skilled poets like
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named Durzan, who due to her beautiful singing voice (although this may simply reflect a common stereotype about
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The way to Egypt was then clear for the
Fatimids, the more so given the state of crisis that the incumbent
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1178:'Glorifier of the Religion of God'; 26 September 932 – 19 December 975) was the fourth
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Volume II. Published by Saint Mark Coptic
Orthodox Church. Cleveland, OH. 2008. pp. 200–202
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699:
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1507:
An
Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged
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1440:("twittering"). Al-Mu'izz had several other sons, but two are known by name: Tamim and
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Bosworth, C. E. (Autumn 1981). "A Mediaeval Islamic Prototype of the Fountain Pen?".
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1207:, "the Victorious") in 969 as the new capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt.
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had to be fought off (972–974) before the restructuring of state finances under
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Volume I. Published by Maktabet el Mahaba. 3rd edition. Cairo 1978. pp. 173–177
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Le Traité christologique du Calife al-Mu‘izz, le druzisme et le nusayrisme
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1770:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill.
1645:. Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization. Cambridge University Press.
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1336:, the canon law of the Fatimid Caliphate, was completed under al-Mu'izz.
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17:
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The Founder of Cairo: The Fatimid Imam-Caliph al-Mu'izz and his Era
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of Syria was Quzman Ibn Nima, a Copt who remained a Christian. The
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1316:, al-Mu'izz commissioned the construction of the pen instructing:
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The Bible in Africa: transactions, trajectories, and trends
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could be embarked upon. Al-Mu'izz was succeeded by his son
1892:
Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074
1897:
The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074
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1869:The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids
1253:dynasty found itself in and the inability of the
1747:
1735:
1723:
1711:
1641:Phillip, Thomas; Haarmann, Ulrich, eds. (1999).
1865:Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden
1318:
1246:, even capturing Sicily for a period of time.
27:4th Caliph of the Fatimid dynasty (r. 953–975)
2197:
2079:
1785:Cortese, Delia; Calderini, Simonetta (2006).
1630:. Taylor & Francis. 1968. pp. 87–88.
1549:Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 3
1197:) to Egypt. The Fatimids founded the city of
1129:
8:
1788:Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam
1643:The Mamluks in Egyptian politics and society
1420:), and mother of al-Aziz, was a slave-girl (
1215:After the Fatimids, under the third caliph,
36:
1332:, and hailed as the Mutanabbi of the West.
3075:
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2511:
2204:
2190:
2182:
2086:
2072:
2064:
1962:
1829:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1136:
1122:
250:
29:
3288:Fatimid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
2771:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi
1837:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 485–489.
1791:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1899:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
1871:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck.
1496:
1393:History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
253:
1625:A History of Eastern Christianity, by
1168:Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
1149:Abu Tamim Ma'ad al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
178:
3204:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi
7:
1941:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
1920:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1370:in Cairo, recalling a verse in the
1340:Relationship with Coptic Christians
1156:
1021:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh
37:
25:
1355:festival, the celebration of the
1226:), had defeated the rebellion of
3233:
1843:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5447
1510:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 286.
1504:Langer, William Leonard (1968).
1454:
1313:Kitāb al-Majālis wa 'l-musayarāt
1257:to counterattack. The territory
1105:
997:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh
276:
46:
3031:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
2050:19 March 953 – 21 December 975
2012:19 March 953 – 21 December 975
1701:Coptic Synexarion: Pope Abraham
1221:
938:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir
3021:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
3016:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
1016:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh
1007:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh
83:19 March 953 – 21 December 975
1:
3173:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque
2425:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
2385:Qarmatian invasions (971–974)
2318:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya
1265:to the newly founded city of
1157:أبو تميم معد المعزّ لدين الله
933:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak
3283:10th-century Fatimid caliphs
2986:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi
2490:End of the Fatimid Caliphate
1914:Jiwa, Shainool, ed. (2009).
1748:Cortese & Calderini 2006
1736:Cortese & Calderini 2006
1724:Cortese & Calderini 2006
1712:Cortese & Calderini 2006
1408:and Muhammad Abdullah Enan.
1328:, who was often compared to
992:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh
982:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh
967:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh
2976:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
2485:Crusader invasions of Egypt
2260:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah
1959:, Paris, Éd. du Cygne, 2013
1436:
1386:directed him to search for
1312:
1267:
1203:
1167:
1002:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh
3309:
3154:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
3001:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman
2776:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi
2551:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i
1604:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1524:Journal of Semitic Studies
1364:Pope Abraham of Alexandria
1011:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh
715:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam
3231:
3194:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
2566:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
2412:Bedouin alliance uprising
2101:
2052:
2039:
2031:
2024:
2014:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1965:
1485:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi
745:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai
186:
177:
125:21 December 975 (aged 44)
45:
3278:10th-century Arab people
1808:"al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh"
1462:Fatimid Caliphate portal
206:: al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
55:of al-Mu'izz, minted in
3268:Sons of Fatimid caliphs
3187:Literature and learning
3178:Shrine of Husayn's Head
3097:Great Mosque of Mahdiya
3036:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
3011:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani
2365:Conquest of Egypt (969)
2035:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
2001:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
1935:Jiwa, Shainool (2013).
1764:Brett, Michael (2001).
1750:, pp. 52, 155–156.
1726:, pp. 51, 167–169.
1602:Gibb, H. A. R. (1979).
1470:List of rulers of Egypt
1418:al-Sayyida al-Mu'iziyya
1271:"al-Mu'izz's Victory",
1217:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
987:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,
640:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani
231:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
92:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah
3166:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
2898:Branches and offshoots
2611:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh
2556:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri
2290:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah
2275:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah
2245:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
1967:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
1806:Dachraoui, F. (1993).
1581:. Brill. p. 108.
1575:Dube Shomanah, Musa W.
1552:. Cosmo Publications.
1398:Severus Ibn al-Muqaffa
1380:
1322:
33:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
3144:Fatimid Great Palaces
2981:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i
2796:Anushtakin al-Dizbari
2606:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar
2601:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
2430:Mustansirite Hardship
2369:Expansion into Syria
2340:2nd invasion of Egypt
2334:1st invasion of Egypt
2285:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah
2280:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah
2255:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
2235:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
1678:The Coptic Synexarion
1666:The Coptic Synaxarium
1480:List of Shi'a Muslims
1475:List of Ismaili imams
1376:
1295:Cultural achievements
1025:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib
700:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi
635:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab
2596:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi
2495:Battle of the Blacks
2295:al-Adid li-Din Allah
1606:. Brill. p. 91.
1259:fell to the Fatimids
961:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)
821:Palace of Queen Arwa
655:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
650:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
618:Nizari Ismaili state
157:Nizar al-Aziz Billah
3214:al-Azhar University
2576:al-Afdal Shahanshah
2407:Muffarij b. Daghfal
2359:Conquest of Morocco
2346:2nd Sicilian revolt
2328:1st Sicilian revolt
2265:al-Mustansir Billah
1308:al-Nu'man al-Tamimi
720:Rashid ad-Din Sinan
645:ibn Mansur al-Yaman
3219:House of Knowledge
2586:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz
2270:al-Musta'li Billah
1082:Mufaddal Saifuddin
953:(al-Taqī Muhammad)
877:House of Knowledge
767:Nizārī strongholds
498:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
3245:
3244:
3227:
3226:
3199:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
3067:
3066:
3059:Baghdad Manifesto
3006:al-Qadi al-Nu'man
2991:Abu Hatim al-Razi
2847:
2846:
2686:Sharifs of Medina
2621:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i
2616:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik
2531:Ya'qub ibn Killis
2466:and accession of
2213:Fatimid Caliphate
2179:
2178:
2062:
2061:
2053:Succeeded by
2026:Shia Islam titles
2015:Succeeded by
1948:978-0-8577-2223-2
1927:978-0-8577-1742-9
1878:978-3-406-35497-7
1852:978-90-04-09419-2
1652:978-0-521-59115-7
1627:Aziz Suryal Atiya
1588:978-90-04-10627-7
1573:West, Gerald O.;
1434:s) was nicknamed
1372:Gospel of Matthew
1368:Mokattam mountain
1345:Coptic Christians
1268:Qāhirat al-Muʿizz
1187:14th Ismaili imam
1177:
1165:
1146:
1145:
1073:Haatim Zakiyuddin
1037:Incumbent leaders
872:Baghdad Manifesto
826:Queen Arwa Mosque
593:Fatimid Caliphate
249:
248:
210:
209:
74:Fatimid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
3300:
3237:
3076:
2858:
2681:Sharifs of Mecca
2650:Vassal dynasties
2591:Bahram al-Armani
2512:
2458:Siege of Ascalon
2240:al-Mansur Billah
2206:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2032:Preceded by
1998:Preceded by
1988:
1981:
1980:26 September 931
1963:
1952:
1931:
1910:
1882:
1856:
1820:Heinrichs, W. P.
1802:
1781:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1542:M. Th. Houtsma,
1539:
1533:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1439:
1406:Ahmad Zaki Pasha
1388:Simon the Tanner
1334:Da'a'im al-Islam
1315:
1310:(d. 974) in his
1285:Yaqub ibn Killis
1270:
1238:and against the
1225:
1223:
1211:Political career
1206:
1172:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1112:Islam portal
1110:
1109:
1108:
1091:Taher Fakhruddin
1056:Musta'li Ismaili
705:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
613:Hamdanid dynasty
603:Sulayhid dynasty
280:
271:
265:
264:
251:
179:
170:several children
115:26 September 931
50:
41:
40:
39:
30:
21:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3223:
3182:
3159:Portable mihrab
3119:Al-Hakim Mosque
3063:
3046:
3040:
2959:and theologians
2958:
2950:
2893:
2843:
2810:
2760:
2748:
2645:
2518:
2507:
2501:
2306:
2230:al-Mahdi Billah
2216:
2210:
2180:
2175:
2097:
2095:Fatimid Caliphs
2092:
2058:
2049:
2037:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1987:21 December 975
1982:
1976:
1975:
1972:Fatimid dynasty
1968:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1885:
1879:
1859:
1853:
1812:Bosworth, C. E.
1805:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1611:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1577:, eds. (2000).
1572:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1414:
1357:Coptic New Year
1342:
1297:
1220:
1213:
1142:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1063:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
1044:Nizārī Ismā'īlī
1038:
1030:
1029:
945:(al-Wāfī Ahmad)
928:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq
898:
887:
886:
809:Qalaat al-Madiq
740:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs
608:Zurayid dynasty
575:
519:Sulaymani Bohra
454:
440:
439:
405:
395:
394:
288:
267:
266:
255:
254:
200:
193:
173:
116:
60:
38:المعز لدين الله
35:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3149:Juyushi Mosque
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3088:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Badr al-Jamali
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:Struggle with
2386:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:al-Aziz Billah
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2056:al-Aziz Billah
2054:
2051:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:al-Aziz Billah
2016:
2013:
2008:Fatimid Caliph
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1993:Regnal titles
1990:
1989:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1883:
1877:
1857:
1851:
1816:van Donzel, E.
1803:
1797:
1782:
1776:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1651:
1633:
1609:
1594:
1587:
1565:
1558:
1534:
1513:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1449:
1446:
1413:
1410:
1341:
1338:
1296:
1293:
1224: 946–953
1212:
1209:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
956:
948:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
879:
874:
865:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
823:
812:
811:
806:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
764:
759:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:Hasan-i Sabbah
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
574:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
544:
543:
542:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
515:
514:
507:
495:
493:Hebtiahs Bohra
490:
489:
488:
459:
457:Branches/sects
455:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
356:
355:
350:
345:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
273:
272:
247:
246:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:
207:
184:
183:
175:
174:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
154:
149:
145:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
117:Mahdia Tunisia
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
102:al-Aziz Billah
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
62:
61:
51:
43:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3305:
3294:
3293:City founders
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Ismaili imams
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Hamdan Qarmat
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:Hamza ibn Ali
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2806:Qadi al-Fadil
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:First Crusade
2451:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:Uprisings of
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:Rebellion of
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Establishment
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1906:3-406-48654-1
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1798:0-7486-1733-7
1794:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1777:90-04-11741-5
1773:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1738:, p. 52.
1737:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:, p. 51.
1713:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1559:9788130703879
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1396:, written by
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:Dawoodi Bohra
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:
957:
955:
954:
949:
947:
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941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
869:
866:
862:
859:
857:
856:Jama'at Khana
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
810:
807:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Nasir Khusraw
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Hamdan Qarmat
628:
627:
626:
625:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
585:
582:
581:
580:
579:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
545:
541:
540:
539:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
513:
512:
508:
506:
505:
501:
500:
499:
496:
494:
491:
487:
486:
482:
481:
480:
479:Dawoodi Bohra
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
468:
467:
466:
465:
461:
460:
458:
453:
449:
444:
443:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:Seven Pillars
399:
398:
391:
388:
386:
385:Reincarnation
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
284:
283:
279:
275:
274:
270:
263:
259:
252:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
205:
204:
198:
197:
191:
190:
185:
180:
176:
169:
166:
163:
161:Sitt al-Malik
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
147:
146:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
31:
19:
3209:al-Musabbihi
3129:Bab al-Futuh
3124:Aqmar Mosque
3084:architecture
3045:Anti-Fatimid
2956:Missionaries
2839:Fatimid navy
2822:Fatimid army
2546:Sitt al-Mulk
2508:and military
2373:Alexandretta
2299:
2244:
2222:Imam-Caliphs
2141:al-Mustansir
2120:
2040:
2006:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1956:
1937:
1916:
1896:
1891:
1868:
1864:
1834:
1827:
1787:
1766:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1696:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1624:
1603:
1597:
1578:
1568:
1548:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1506:
1499:
1431:
1421:
1415:
1402:
1391:
1381:
1377:
1366:to move the
1361:
1343:
1330:al-Mutanabbi
1323:
1319:
1301:fountain pen
1298:
1272:
1263:Al-Mansuriya
1248:
1214:
1148:
1147:
981:
960:
952:
944:
943:ʿAbad Allāh
836:Constitution
814:
813:
750:
749:
725:Pir Sadardin
685:al-Naysaburi
670:al-Sijistani
623:
622:
577:
576:
546:
536:
535:
509:
502:
483:
470:
469:
462:
456:
201:
194:
187:
3139:Bab Zuweila
3134:Bab al-Nasr
3102:Skifa Kahla
3054:Akhu Muhsin
2971:Ibn Hawshab
2878:Esotericism
2801:al-Basasiri
2519:and regents
2146:al-Musta'li
1955:Jad Hatem,
1887:Halm, Heinz
1861:Halm, Heinz
1833:Volume VII:
1824:Pellat, Ch.
1544:T.W. Arnold
1374:which says:
1291:(975–996).
1281:Carmathians
1087:Qutbi Bohra
1069:Alavi Bohra
1051:Aga Khan IV
529:Qutbi Bohra
524:Alavi Bohra
485:Progressive
192:: Abu Tamim
88:Predecessor
3263:975 deaths
3258:932 births
3252:Categories
2996:Abu Tammam
2905:Qarmatians
2853:Isma'ilism
2791:Manjutakin
2506:Government
2462:Regime of
2434:Revolt of
2418:Revolt of
1204:al-Qāhirah
841:Delegation
797:Maymun-Diz
680:al-Shirazi
675:al-Kirmani
660:Qadi Numan
559:Qarmatians
448:Musta'lism
435:Pilgrimage
375:Numerology
269:Isma'ilism
244:Shia Islam
196:Given name
53:Gold dinar
3109:Mansuriya
2927:Assassins
2861:Doctrines
2758:governors
2754:Officials
2729:Banu Kanz
2715:Hamdanids
2711:Sulayhids
2701:Mirdasids
2695:Palestine
2691:Jarrahids
2671:Hammadids
2536:Ibn Ammar
2420:Abu Rakwa
2392:(974–978)
2361:(958–960)
2355:(943–947)
2353:Abu Yazid
2348:(937–941)
2342:(919–921)
2336:(914–915)
2330:(913–917)
2121:al-Mu'izz
2116:al-Mansur
1251:Ikhshidid
1244:Byzantium
1228:Abu Yazid
1162:romanized
977:al-Manṣūr
918:al-Sajjad
851:Holy Du'a
730:Aga Khans
665:al-Nasafi
586:state of
584:Qarmatian
564:Assassins
298:Batiniyya
98:Successor
3047:movement
3026:Abdallah
2934:Musta'li
2815:Military
2763:generals
2719:Zurayids
2675:Ifriqiya
2581:Kutayfat
2541:Barjawan
2468:al-Hafiz
2464:Kutayfat
2441:Musta'li
2390:Alptakin
2166:al-Fa'iz
2161:al-Zafir
2156:al-Hafiz
2136:al-Zahir
2131:al-Hakim
2111:al-Qa'im
2106:al-Mahdi
2043:Isma'ili
1889:(2003).
1863:(1991).
1826:(eds.).
1546:(2006).
1448:See also
1442:Abdallah
1326:Ibn Hani
1255:Abbasids
1240:Umayyads
1232:Abbasids
1193:(modern
1191:Ifriqiya
1185:and the
972:al-Qāʾim
923:al-Baqir
777:Atashgah
569:Satpanth
554:Seveners
464:Musta'li
452:Nizarism
380:Theology
287:Concepts
258:a series
256:Part of
241:Isma'ili
237:Religion
152:Abdallah
59:, 973 AD
18:Al Muizz
3092:Mahdiya
3072:Culture
2939:Tayyibi
2868:Imamate
2832:Ghilman
2657:Kalbids
2641:Saladin
2636:Shirkuh
2631:Dirgham
2526:Jawdhar
2516:Viziers
2477:Tayyibi
2311:History
2301:Dynasty
2171:al-Adid
2151:al-Amir
2126:al-Aziz
1835:Mif–Naz
1758:Sources
1437:taghrīd
1426:) from
1353:Nayrouz
1349:viceroy
1289:Al-Aziz
1236:Maghreb
1195:Tunisia
1180:Fatimid
1176:
1164::
1060:Taiyabi
959:Ḥusayn
896:leaders
868:Abbasid
802:Rudkhan
787:Lambsar
782:Gerdkuh
772:Alamut
762:Anjudan
751:Centers
695:Pamiris
588:Bahrayn
472:Tayyibi
430:Fasting
425:Charity
410:Walayah
308:Imamate
221:Fatimid
216:Dynasty
199:: Ma'ad
164:Rashida
72:of the
2944:Hafizi
2922:Nizari
2827:Kutama
2786:Bakjur
2781:Jawhar
2743:Multan
2717:, and
2705:Aleppo
2667:Zirids
2661:Sicily
2626:Shawar
2479:schism
2473:Hafizi
2447:schism
2445:Nizari
2401:Apamea
2396:Aleppo
2215:topics
1983:
1945:
1924:
1903:
1875:
1849:
1822:&
1795:
1774:
1649:
1585:
1556:
1428:Mahdia
1412:Family
1183:caliph
1153:Arabic
951:Ahmad
913:Husayn
894:Early
861:Qiyama
846:Ginans
831:Nizārī
792:Masyaf
735:Khojas
624:People
598:Multan
578:States
548:Nizari
538:Hafizi
420:Prayer
415:Purity
390:Titles
365:Taqiya
303:Ta'wil
227:Father
134:Durzan
130:Spouse
70:Caliph
3239:Media
3114:Cairo
2910:Druze
2887:Zahir
2883:Batin
2873:Hujja
2733:Nubia
2723:Yemen
2561:Rasad
2436:Nizar
2375:(971)
2041:14th
1985:Died:
1978:Born:
1895:[
1867:[
1810:. In
1491:Notes
1432:jarya
1423:jarya
1277:Cairo
1199:Cairo
908:Hasan
882:Women
815:Other
757:Cairo
511:Vakil
504:Badar
353:Hujja
338:Daʿwa
318:Bātin
313:Ẓāhir
293:Quran
262:Islam
203:Laqab
189:Kunya
182:Names
148:Tamim
141:Issue
80:Reign
57:Cairo
3082:and
2885:and
2761:and
2739:Lodi
2669:and
2381:and
2046:Imam
1943:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1531:(i).
1529:XXVI
1384:Mary
1305:Qadi
1273:i.e.
1174:lit.
1047:Imām
450:and
360:Satr
343:Dāʿī
333:ʿIlm
328:'Aql
167:Abda
122:Died
112:Born
66:Imam
3080:Art
2383:2nd
2379:1st
1839:doi
903:Ali
370:Pīr
348:Bāb
323:Nūr
260:on
3254::
2756:,
2713:,
1845:.
1831:.
1818:;
1814:;
1612:^
1527:.
1400:.
1275:,
1222:r.
1171:,
1159:,
1155::
1089::
1080::
1071::
1065::
1049::
1023:/
1009:/
2745:)
2741:(
2735:)
2731:(
2725:)
2721:(
2707:)
2703:(
2697:)
2693:(
2677:)
2673:(
2663:)
2659:(
2475:–
2443:–
2205:e
2198:t
2191:v
2087:e
2080:t
2073:v
1951:.
1930:.
1909:.
1881:.
1855:.
1841::
1801:.
1780:.
1655:.
1591:.
1562:.
1219:(
1201:(
1151:(
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1058:-
870:-
68:–
20:)
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