934:
that define a state of addiction. ... A large body of literature has demonstrated that such ΔFosB induction in D1-type neurons increases an animal's sensitivity to drug as well as natural rewards and promotes drug self-administration, presumably through a process of positive reinforcement ... Another ΔFosB target is cFos: as ΔFosB accumulates with repeated drug exposure it represses c-Fos and contributes to the molecular switch whereby ΔFosB is selectively induced in the chronic drug-treated state.. ... Moreover, there is increasing evidence that, despite a range of genetic risks for addiction across the population, exposure to sufficiently high doses of a drug for long periods of time can transform someone who has relatively lower genetic loading into an addict.
747:
52:
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64:
544:
681:
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or could benefit from medication treatment with psychosocial treatment, while others could just benefit from psychosocial treatment. Listed below are some different types of treatments that are used with treating alcohol dependency/alcohol use disorder depending on several factors that vary from person to person.
766:
A 2015 study found that alcohol dependency may have genetic risk factors. Linkage disequilibrium between an AD-associated GABA receptor gene cluster, GABRB3/GABRG3, and eye color genes, OCA2/HERC2, as well as between AD-associated GRM5 and pigmentation-associated TYR, were all associated with alcohol
464:
Withdrawals from alcohol dependence is a common side effect that occurs when a person with the dependency stops drinking abruptly or even cuts back on their drinking after a prolonged period of indulgence. Withdrawal from alcohol dependence can vary from mild, moderate to severe, depending on several
343:
Because only 3 of the 7 DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence are required, not all patients meet the same criteria and therefore not all have the same symptoms and problems related to drinking. Not everyone with alcohol dependence, therefore, experiences physiological dependence. Alcohol dependence
989:
Addiction: A term used to indicate the most severe, chronic stage of substance-use disorder, in which there is a substantial loss of self-control, as indicated by compulsive drug taking despite the desire to stop taking the drug. In the DSM-5, the term addiction is synonymous with the classification
986:
Substance-use disorder: A diagnostic term in the fifth edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) referring to recurrent use of alcohol or other drugs that causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to
787:
The alcohol dependence syndrome was seen as a cluster of seven elements that concur. It was argued that not all elements may be present in every case, but the picture is sufficiently regular and coherent to permit clinical recognition. The syndrome was also considered to exist in degrees of severity
737:
Acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions show evidence of efficacy in being used to target
Alcohol Use Disorder. These types of interventions are often most effectively delivered in group settings, however, they are also proven effective in individual therapy contexts. Overall, this is crucial
676:
and/or recovery. There are several reasons why someone with alcohol use disorder or alcohol dependency would seek treatment. This can either be a personal reason or because of law enforcement. There is a series of different levels of treatment processes depending on the severity subtype. Some would
933:
Despite the importance of numerous psychosocial factors, at its core, drug addiction involves a biological process: the ability of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse to induce changes in a vulnerable brain that drive the compulsive seeking and taking of drugs, and loss of control over drug use,
779:
The contemporary definition of alcohol dependence is still based upon early research. There has been considerable scientific effort over the past several decades to identify and understand the core features of alcohol dependence. This work began in 1976, when the
British psychiatrist Griffith
367:
In alcohol dependence, reduction of alcohol, as defined within DSM-IV, can be attained by learning to control the use of alcohol. That is, a client can be offered a social learning approach that helps them to 'cope' with external pressures by re-learning their pattern of drinking alcohol. In
672:, a healthier lifestyle (physically and mentally), creating new relationships with other like-minded people as well as rekindling or mending old relationships if possible. The treatment process consists typically of two parts short-term and long-term. First, there is the path to
425:(AUDIT) is considered the most accurate alcohol screening tool for identifying potential alcohol misuse, including dependence. It was developed by the World Health Organization, designed initially for use in primary healthcare settings with supporting guidance.
624:
Treatments for alcohol dependence can be separated into two groups, those directed towards severely alcohol-dependent people, and those focused for those at risk of becoming dependent on alcohol. Treatment for alcohol dependence often involves utilizing
1588:
1572:
775:
The term 'alcohol dependence' has replaced 'alcoholism' as a term in order that individuals do not internalize the idea of cure and disease, but can approach alcohol as a chemical they may depend upon to cope with outside pressures.
738:
in helping individuals who are dependent on alcohol because it raises awareness, provides a non-judgemental environment for people to express their thoughts, and allows individuals to be heard and accepted in the present moment.
360:. However, many definitions of alcoholism exist, and only some are compatible with alcohol abuse. There are two major differences between alcohol dependence and alcoholism as generally accepted by the medical community.
364:
Alcohol dependence refers to an entity in which only alcohol is the involved addictive agent. Alcoholism refers to an entity in which alcohol or any cross-tolerant addictive agent is involved.
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rather than as a categorical absolute. Thus, the proper question is not 'whether a person is dependent on alcohol', but 'how far along the path of dependence has a person progressed'.
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151:– psychoactive substances that with repeated use are associated with significantly higher rates of substance use disorders, due in large part to the drug's effect on brain
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4371:
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dependency. GABA downregulation may decrease sensitivity to the toxic effects of alcohol, leading to increased alcohol consumption in blue-eyed individuals.
453:
410:
272:
2357:
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5012:
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Edwards and his
American colleague Milton M. Gross collaborated to produce a formulation of what had previously been understood as 'alcoholism' – the
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422:
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1670:
827:
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meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. Depending on the level of severity, this disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
4552:
4071:
1374:
Hasin D; et al. (2007). "Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and
Comorbidity of DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the United States".
616:. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome can be very tricky to diagnose, due to other preliminary conditions that may exist from individual to individual.
2500:
4535:
2024:
1510:
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AUDIT has replaced older screening tools such as CAGE but there are many shorter alcohol screening tools, mostly derived from the AUDIT. The
4048:
3414:
1002:
1409:
4769:
4694:
3242:
2714:
2571:
1663:
1603:
1263:
469:, whether they relapse chronically, and how much they drink daily. All these factors can vary from one person to the next depending on
4667:
4493:
4434:
4105:
3767:
3320:
3104:
2531:
2378:
1827:
206:– dependence socially seen as being extremely mild compared to physical dependence (e.g., with enough willpower it could be overcome)
5052:
5032:
4475:
2080:
1650:
1644:
Using coding therapy to treat alcohol and drug addiction. Manipulations in psychotherapy. Rostov-on-Don, Feniks, 251 p. 2004. 251 p.
1080:
885:
309:
criteria for alcohol dependence, at least three out of seven of the following criteria must be manifest during a 12-month period:
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4282:
3706:
3167:
3034:
2133:
265:
1999:
1058:
4662:
4142:
4095:
3247:
3237:
2090:
1982:
162:– an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake)
56:
1289:
4307:
4125:
3929:
2484:
2139:
1733:
1116:
876:
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and
Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (eds.).
5121:
3827:
3313:
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2311:
1622:
708:
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Withdrawals (depending on severity of symptoms, could be accompanied with supervision by medical personal and medication)
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4715:
4503:
3977:
3919:
3837:
3822:
3812:
3099:
3084:
3072:
3012:
2160:
1993:
1958:
704:
456:(SADQ or SAD-Q) is a 20 item clinical screening tool designed to measure the presence and level of alcohol dependence.
5090:
4442:
3756:
3699:
2697:
2524:
2388:
2317:
2305:
1963:
1717:
437:, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used method of screening for alcohol dependence.
317:
258:
1532:
Edwards G. & Gross MM, Alcohol dependence: provisional description of a clinical syndrome, BMJ 1976; i: 1O58-106
240:– a condition in which the use of substances leads to clinically and functionally significant impairment or distress
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4921:
4699:
3950:
3842:
3452:
3132:
2667:
2085:
1798:
1752:
1703:
1689:
822:
5111:
4857:
4523:
4412:
3965:
3874:
3817:
3621:
3197:
3127:
3079:
3039:
2919:
2773:
2394:
2188:
1640:
413:(SAD-Q) is a more specific twenty-item inventory for assessing the presence and severity of alcohol dependence.
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2880:
1953:
1917:
1851:
1835:
1788:
1761:
1241:
807:
202:
83:
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1630:
1311:
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About 12% of
American adults have had an alcohol dependence problem at some time in their life. In the UK the
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4779:
4652:
3924:
3182:
3172:
3150:
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2373:
2005:
1859:
832:
755:
474:
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alcoholism, patients are generally not presumed to be 'in remission' unless they are abstinent from alcohol.
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4157:
4130:
3561:
3202:
3022:
2989:
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2702:
2459:
2420:
2251:
2149:
2029:
1969:
1948:
1907:
1896:
1840:
1743:
1708:
236:
1029:
4403:
3987:
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3269:
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3192:
3177:
3089:
2687:
2154:
2128:
1938:
1877:
812:
224:– stimuli that the brain interprets as intrinsically positive and desirable or as something to approach
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4709:
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4120:
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3337:
3187:
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158:
101:
86:
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2016:
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642:
555:
186:
79:
1019:
Clark, David, Background
Briefing, Alcohol Dependence, Drink and Drug News, 7 February 2005, p. 11
854:
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3017:
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2257:
2199:
1988:
1423:
Sulovari, Arvis; Kranzler, Henry R.; Farrer, Lindsay A.; Gelernter, Joel; Li, Dawei (July 2015).
626:
434:
353:
1637:. A brief, self-administered questionnaire sometimes utilised in individual or group treatments.
645:
is also a popular faith-based process used by those wishing to recover from alcohol dependence.
356:. Both alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse are sometimes referred to by the less specific term
1006:
4904:
4774:
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526:
166:
38:
331:
Social, occupational and recreational pursuits are given up or reduced because of alcohol use
4887:
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4417:
4383:
4376:
4259:
4226:
4216:
3662:
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2785:
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1974:
1436:
1383:
1166:
967:
959:
914:
613:
195:
1655:
1424:
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4723:
4704:
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4078:
3276:
3160:
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2631:
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2117:
1748:
1722:
1634:
1336:
802:
728:
722:
638:
482:
178:
136:
1091:
441:
248:– the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose
1463:
174:– the escalating effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose
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4882:
4862:
4824:
4689:
4110:
4100:
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3577:
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2055:
1811:
1171:
1146:
972:
947:
919:
902:
466:
349:
244:
140:
90:
51:
3305:
543:
372:
The following elements are the template for which the degree of dependence is judged:
334:
Use is continued despite knowledge of alcohol-related harm (physical or psychological)
5105:
5047:
4928:
4832:
4728:
4317:
4249:
4199:
4194:
4179:
4174:
4152:
4061:
4028:
3893:
3762:
3679:
3587:
3557:
3155:
2580:
1712:
758:
estimates that around 9% of men and 4% of UK women show signs of alcohol dependence.
634:
630:
592:
570:
470:
404:
379:
Increased salience of the need for alcohol over competing needs and responsibilities.
345:
291:
228:
219:
210:
152:
109:
1597:
1541:
5007:
4997:
4787:
4083:
3373:
3341:
2211:
1425:"Eye color: A potential indicator of alcohol dependence risk in European Americans"
700:
522:
1499:
Irving B. Weiner; Donald K. Freedheim; George
Stricker; Thomas A. Widiger (2003).
17:
4938:
4933:
4804:
4684:
4574:
4467:
4239:
4184:
3789:
3674:
3428:
3378:
2616:
2451:
2402:
1195:
1124:
665:
575:
215:– stimuli that increase the probability of repeating behaviors paired with them
5067:
4899:
4847:
4842:
4677:
4647:
4620:
4530:
4312:
4292:
4221:
3804:
3794:
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3539:
3478:
3466:
3423:
3227:
3067:
2904:
2538:
2095:
2049:
1387:
669:
604:
The spectrum of alcohol withdrawal symptoms range from such minor symptoms as
478:
357:
295:
63:
43:
1448:
1352:
1211:
1162:
5002:
4909:
4743:
4542:
4508:
4361:
4332:
4302:
4234:
4189:
4162:
4039:
4010:
3945:
3779:
3774:
3657:
3640:
3610:
3572:
3534:
3494:
3471:
3394:
3358:
2970:
2596:
2584:
2432:
1581:
232:– an amplified response to a stimulus resulting from repeated exposure to it
147:
131:
1643:
1479:
1395:
1360:
1219:
1180:
981:
928:
680:
465:
factors such as: how long the person has been drinking, whether they are a
963:
191:
4672:
4602:
4266:
3667:
3652:
3592:
3545:
3505:
3500:
3368:
3363:
2764:
2505:
2346:
2341:
2240:
2222:
2069:
1928:
1440:
648:
The ultimate goal when it comes to treating alcohol dependence or as the
605:
566:
499:
1564:
1194:
Bayard, Max; McIntyre, Jonah; Hill, Keith; Woodside, Jack (2004-03-15).
1117:"SADQ or SAD-Q Questionnaire – find out if you are dependent on alcohol"
4764:
4322:
3881:
2471:
2172:
560:
518:
510:
94:
1429:
American
Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
3691:
3551:
2826:
2284:
1576:
660:
from drinking. There are several other benefits that come along with
609:
585:
494:
306:
75:
325:
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on alcohol use
878:
Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience
5062:
4970:
4135:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2759:
2744:
948:"Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction"
745:
679:
649:
580:
542:
105:
62:
50:
880:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 364–375.
2754:
2749:
2738:
1608:
3695:
3309:
2553:
1659:
1627:
1337:"Advances in the science and treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder"
388:
Relief or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms by further drinking.
2779:
855:"Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM–IV and DSM–5"
664:. For some, it is reconnecting with themselves and obtaining
139:
disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including
78:
and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is
1286:"What is Alcohol Addiction: What Causes Alcohol Addiction?"
1240:. International Center for Alcohol Policies. Archived from
1003:"DSM-IV Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence"
328:
Time is spent obtaining alcohol or recovering from effects
322:
Use in larger amounts or for longer periods than intended
182:– symptoms that occur upon cessation of repeated drug use
4499:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
1623:
Arnold Little, MD Alcohol Dependence – extensive article
612:
to severe complications such as withdrawal seizures and
1057:. Alcohol Learning Centre. 28 June 2010. Archived from
1335:
Witkiewitz, K.; Litten, R.; Leggio, L. (2019-09-25).
3752:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
3030:
Community reinforcement approach and family training
1554:
5025:
4979:
4949:
4873:
4757:
4601:
4573:
4466:
4457:
4423:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
4346:
4275:
4027:
3938:
3907:
3857:
3803:
3740:
3729:
3620:
3514:
3404:
3349:
3215:
3141:
3120:
3058:
3003:
2982:
2969:
2894:
2863:
2854:
2723:
2650:
2604:
2595:
2516:
2470:
2431:
2340:
2283:
2239:
2210:
2171:
2116:
2068:
2042:
2015:
1937:
1906:
1887:
1850:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1776:
1696:
1558:
1464:"More than Meets the Eye: Eye Color and Alcoholism"
1055:"AUDIT – Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test"
143:) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences
122:
37:
32:
3415:
1628:SADD – Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire
4428:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
3833:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
2223:Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip)
946:Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT (January 2016).
4810:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
190:– dependence that involves persistent physical–
733:Acceptance and mindfulness-based interventions
3707:
3321:
2565:
1671:
1147:"Alcohol Dependence, Withdrawal, and Relapse"
266:
8:
4372:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
1288:. MedicalBug. 6 January 2012. Archived from
454:Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire
411:Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire
391:Subjective awareness of compulsion to drink.
55:Women drinking during pregnancy can cause a
2228:Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
1502:Handbook of Psychology: Clinical psychology
5013:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
4583:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
4463:
3737:
3714:
3700:
3692:
3631:
3525:
3485:
3385:
3328:
3314:
3306:
2979:
2860:
2601:
2572:
2558:
2550:
1823:
1816:
1678:
1664:
1656:
1555:
316:Withdrawal symptoms or clinically defined
273:
259:
29:
3915:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
1474:(2). Missouri State Medical Association.
1170:
971:
918:
423:Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
903:"Cellular basis of memory for addiction"
828:Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
442:Online version of the CAGE questionnaire
108:, which combined alcohol dependence and
4553:Legal drinking age in the United States
2358:Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)
846:
547:Hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal.
194:withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and
67:The effects of alcohol has on the body.
2501:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
1505:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 201–.
1030:"Alcohol use screening tests – GOV.UK"
694:Withdrawals (no medication aid needed)
119:
4536:List of dry communities by U.S. state
2025:Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions
376:Narrowing of the drinking repertoire.
7:
4049:List of methanol poisoning incidents
348:by the presence of symptoms such as
4770:Alcohol consumption recommendations
4695:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
3243:Discrimination against drug addicts
1410:"Alcohol dependence and withdrawal"
4494:Alcohol packaging warning messages
4106:Alcohol use among college students
3768:Drunk driving in the United States
3105:Tobacco cessation clinics in India
2532:Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse
2161:Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder
1462:Eissenberg, Joel C. (2024-03-14).
1234:"Alcohol Dependence and Treatment"
907:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
25:
5053:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
5033:Index of alcohol-related articles
4476:Administrative License Suspension
2081:Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder
990:of severe substance-use disorder.
382:An acquired tolerance to alcohol.
123:Addiction and dependence glossary
5086:
5085:
4487:Alcoholic beverage control state
4283:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
3588:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
3290:
3289:
3168:Low-threshold treatment programs
3035:Motivational enhancement therapy
2134:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
719:Inpatient or outpatient programs
100:In 2013, it was reclassified as
4096:Alcohol in association football
3248:Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
3238:Category:Vaccines against drugs
2091:Caffeine-induced sleep disorder
1983:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
952:New England Journal of Medicine
750:"The Drunkard's Progress", 1846
656:, is to help with establishing
394:Reinstatement after abstinence.
339:Other alcohol-related disorders
57:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
4308:List of deaths through alcohol
4126:Epidemiology of binge drinking
3930:Subjective response to alcohol
2485:Sudden sniffing death syndrome
2140:Intravenous marijuana syndrome
1734:Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome
1376:Archives of General Psychiatry
405:Alcohol abuse § Screening
292:Alcohol abuse § Diagnosis
1:
4793:Sweat alcohol content monitor
3828:Alcoholism in rural Australia
2871:Adverse childhood experiences
2312:Opioid-induced endocrinopathy
1196:"Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome"
1151:Alcohol Research & Health
1121:www.markjayalcoholdetox.co.uk
709:assertive community treatment
4716:Adult Children of Alcoholics
4504:Drunk driving law by country
3920:Long-term effects of alcohol
3838:Disease theory of alcoholism
3823:Alcoholism in family systems
3813:Alcohol and Native Americans
3100:Nicotine replacement therapy
3085:Intensive outpatient program
3073:Residential treatment center
3013:Cognitive behavioral therapy
2525:Anabolic-androgenic steroids
2052:(alcohol use disorder (AUD))
1994:Positional alcohol nystagmus
1959:Alcohol-related brain damage
901:Nestler EJ (December 2013).
485:side effects are as listed:
4443:International whisk(e)y day
3757:Driving under the influence
3593:Morphine (extended-release)
2698:Internet addiction disorder
2389:Benzodiazepine use disorder
2318:Opioid-induced constipation
2306:Opioid-induced hyperalgesia
2000:Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
1964:Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
1753:Substance-related disorders
1718:Substance-induced psychosis
1690:substance-related disorders
1081:"World Health Organization"
782:alcohol dependence syndrome
318:alcohol withdrawal syndrome
296:Alcoholism § Diagnosis
5138:
4959:Christian views on alcohol
4565:List of alcohol laws of US
3843:High-functioning alcoholic
3636:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3530:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3490:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3390:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3133:List of twelve-step groups
2086:Caffeine-induced psychosis
2017:Respiratory tract diseases
2002:(WKS, Korsakoff psychosis)
1799:Combined drug intoxication
1145:Becker, Howard C. (2008).
823:High-functioning alcoholic
402:
289:
93:(also chemically known as
5081:
4858:Alcoholic spirits measure
4843:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
4524:Ignition interlock device
4413:Drunken monkey hypothesis
4246:Routes of administration
3875:Alcohol congener analysis
3818:Alcoholism in adolescence
3622:Benzodiazepine dependence
3285:
3198:Supervised injection site
3128:Addiction recovery groups
3080:Heroin-assisted treatment
3040:Motivational interviewing
2395:Benzodiazepine dependence
2379:Benzodiazepine withdrawal
2189:Prenatal cocaine exposure
1852:Gastrointestinal diseases
1388:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830
1200:American Family Physician
1088:World Health Organization
254:
127:
2881:Psychological dependence
2715:Digital media addictions
1954:Alcoholic polyneuropathy
1918:Alcohol-related dementia
1836:Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
1789:Polysubstance dependence
1762:Psychological dependence
1542:Alcohol Recovery Program
808:Alcohol-related dementia
203:psychological dependence
5038:Alcohol and spaceflight
4780:Alcohol server training
4653:Managed alcohol program
4231:Binge drinking devices
3925:Pharmacology of ethanol
3183:Needle exchange program
3173:Managed alcohol program
3151:Category:Harm reduction
2374:Benzodiazepine overdose
2006:Wernicke encephalopathy
1860:Alcoholic liver disease
1828:Cardiovascular diseases
833:Paddington alcohol test
507:Elevated blood pressure
344:is differentiated from
301:DSM: Alcohol dependence
4643:Alcohol rehabilitation
4611:Alcohol detoxification
4514:Field sobriety testing
4399:Health effects of wine
4367:International Beer Day
4131:Holiday heart syndrome
3203:Tobacco harm reduction
3023:Contingency management
2990:Alcohol detoxification
2703:Internet sex addiction
2460:Amphetamine dependence
2421:Barbiturate dependence
2252:Green Tobacco Sickness
2150:Amotivational syndrome
2030:Alcoholic lung disease
1970:Alcoholic hallucinosis
1949:Alcoholic hallucinosis
1897:Alcoholic ketoacidosis
1841:Alcohol flush reaction
1709:Substance intoxication
1264:"Alcohol use disorder"
751:
701:Psychosocial treatment
685:
548:
237:substance use disorder
68:
60:
4895:Disulfiram-like drugs
4435:Ritual use of alcohol
4404:Wine and food pairing
4389:Apéritif and digestif
4040:Adulterated moonshine
3887:Blood alcohol content
3849:Seeing pink elephants
3265:Motivational salience
3193:Stimulant maintenance
3178:Moderation Management
3090:Methadone maintenance
2155:Cannabis use disorder
1878:Auto-brewery syndrome
964:10.1056/NEJMra1511480
813:CRAFFT Screening Test
749:
684:Treatment and support
683:
600:Little to no appetite
546:
481:factors. Some common
112:into this diagnosis.
66:
54:
5122:Substance dependence
4964:Alcohol in the Bible
4951:Religion and alcohol
4917:General anaesthetics
4710:Alcoholics Anonymous
4668:List of mixed drinks
4121:Alcohol intoxication
4036:Adulterated alcohol
3188:Responsible drug use
3045:Motivational therapy
2710:Video game addiction
2411:Barbiturate overdose
2184:Cocaine intoxication
1924:Alcohol intoxication
1766:Substance dependence
1441:10.1002/ajmg.b.32316
818:Disulfiram-like drug
798:Alcohol intoxication
715:Alcoholics Anonymous
689:Types of treatments:
654:alcohol use disorder
534:Issues with sleeping
515:Body aches / tremors
385:Withdrawal symptoms.
102:alcohol use disorder
5043:Gateway drug effect
4829:Low-alcohol drinks
4658:Non-alcoholic drink
4593:Temperance movement
4575:Alcohol prohibition
4298:Gilbert Paul Jordan
4288:Dionysian Mysteries
4072:on college campuses
4067:Alcohol advertising
3785:Public intoxication
3447:General anesthetics
3351:Nicotine dependence
3112:Twelve-step program
2995:Drug detoxification
2876:Physical dependence
2444:Stimulant psychosis
2329:Opioid use disorder
2273:Nicotine dependence
2263:Nicotine withdrawal
2106:Caffeine dependence
1866:Alcoholic hepatitis
1758:Physical dependence
1729:Neonatal withdrawal
1244:on 27 February 2013
707:, psychoeducation,
643:Twelve-Step Program
556:Hypertensive crisis
187:physical dependence
4875:Addiction medicine
4818:Get Your Sexy Back
4758:Alcohol limitation
4734:Sober living house
4700:Twelve-step groups
4633:Brief intervention
4626:Open-container law
4588:Neo-prohibitionism
4548:Legal drinking age
4354:Alcoholic beverage
4255:Alcohol inhalation
4170:Drinking in public
4148:Blackout Wednesday
4006:Beverage-specific
3723:Alcohol and health
3601:Opioid antagonists
3461:Opioid antagonists
3439:Hydrogen cyanamide
3406:Alcohol dependence
3270:Incentive salience
3258:Inhibitory control
3233:Category:Addiction
3223:Addiction medicine
3018:Relapse prevention
2955:Tanning dependence
2258:Nicotine poisoning
2200:Cocaine dependence
2129:Cannabis arteritis
1989:Korsakoff syndrome
1889:Endocrine diseases
1633:2016-08-11 at the
752:
686:
627:relapse prevention
597:Mental pandemonium
549:
435:CAGE questionnaire
167:drug sensitization
72:Alcohol dependence
69:
61:
33:Alcohol dependence
18:Alcohol dependency
5099:
5098:
5021:
5020:
4971:Islam and alcohol
4905:Calcium carbimide
4775:Alcohol education
4663:List of cocktails
4638:Designated driver
4616:Alcohol-free zone
4519:Hip flask defence
4453:
4452:
4394:Hangover remedies
4338:Whiskey Rebellion
4328:Six o'clock swill
4116:Austrian syndrome
4055:Surrogate alcohol
4045:Denatured alcohol
4017:Red wine headache
3689:
3688:
3568:Levacetylmethadol
3516:Opioid dependence
3434:Calcium carbimide
3303:
3302:
3253:Cognitive control
3211:
3210:
3095:Smoking cessation
3050:Physical exercise
2965:
2964:
2951:Non-drug stimuli
2850:
2849:
2694:Internet-related
2547:
2546:
2301:Opioid withdrawal
2064:
2063:
2038:
2037:
1618:
1617:
1512:978-0-471-39263-7
1468:Missouri Medicine
1097:on April 23, 2004
725:(case management)
305:According to the
283:
282:
172:reverse tolerance
49:
48:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5129:
5112:Drinking culture
5089:
5088:
4888:Chlordiazepoxide
4838:Low-alcohol beer
4482:Alcohol monopoly
4464:
4384:Drinking culture
4377:Women in brewing
4260:Vodka eyeballing
4227:Passive drinking
3738:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3663:Chlordiazepoxide
3637:
3633:
3583:Dihydroetorphine
3531:
3527:
3491:
3487:
3417:
3391:
3387:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3293:
3292:
2980:
2861:
2786:G9a-like protein
2602:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2551:
2491:Toluene toxicity
1975:Delirium tremens
1871:Zieve's syndrome
1824:
1817:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1556:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1347:(6): 1443–1450.
1341:Science Advances
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1316:www.uptodate.com
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1206:(6): 1443–1450.
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1123:. Archived from
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1090:. Archived from
1085:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1061:on 17 March 2012
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:. Archived from
999:
993:
992:
975:
943:
937:
936:
922:
898:
892:
891:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
851:
639:short-term goals
614:delirium tremens
275:
268:
261:
196:delirium tremens
120:
30:
21:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5077:
5058:Self-medication
5017:
4975:
4945:
4883:Benzodiazepines
4869:
4753:
4739:Sobering center
4724:Sober companion
4705:Al-Anon/Alateen
4597:
4569:
4459:
4449:
4342:
4271:
4211:In vino veritas
4205:Hair of the dog
4023:
3939:Adverse effects
3934:
3903:
3853:
3799:
3743:
3742:Alcohol-related
3733:
3725:
3720:
3690:
3685:
3648:Benzodiazepines
3635:
3616:
3529:
3510:
3489:
3400:
3389:
3345:
3338:drug dependence
3334:
3304:
3299:
3281:
3277:Sober companion
3207:
3161:Reagent testing
3137:
3116:
3060:
3054:
3005:
2999:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2890:
2846:
2733:Transcriptional
2725:
2719:
2646:
2632:Methylphenidate
2627:Methamphetamine
2591:
2578:
2548:
2543:
2512:
2473:
2466:
2427:
2345:
2336:
2296:Opioid overdose
2279:
2235:
2206:
2167:
2112:
2060:
2034:
2011:
1940:
1933:
1910:system diseases
1909:
1902:
1883:
1846:
1806:
1778:
1772:
1749:Substance abuse
1692:
1684:
1635:Wayback Machine
1619:
1614:
1613:
1567:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1001:
1000:
996:
988:
945:
944:
940:
900:
899:
895:
888:
875:
874:
870:
860:
858:
857:. November 2013
853:
852:
848:
843:
803:Alcoholic drink
794:
773:
764:
762:Genetic factors
744:
729:Al-Anon/Alateen
723:Social services
622:
541:
504:Rapid heartbeat
491:
462:
450:
431:
419:
407:
401:
341:
303:
298:
288:
279:
179:drug withdrawal
137:biopsychosocial
118:
84:psychologically
74:is a previous (
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5135:
5133:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5104:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5073:French paradox
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4929:Sulfonic acids
4926:
4925:
4924:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4863:Standard drink
4860:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4825:Liquor license
4822:
4821:
4820:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4690:Temperance bar
4687:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4479:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4111:Binge drinking
4108:
4103:
4101:Alcohol powder
4098:
4093:
4091:Alcohol myopia
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3899:Wine chemistry
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3867:
3865:Beer chemistry
3861:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3735:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3644:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Dihydrocodeine
3575:
3570:
3565:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3143:Harm reduction
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3121:Support groups
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2983:Detoxification
2977:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Benzodiazepine
2917:
2912:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2675:Palatable food
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2506:Inhalant abuse
2503:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2366:benzodiazepine
2362:
2361:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2056:Binge drinking
2053:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1755:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1720:
1715:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1641:R.R.Garifullin
1638:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1585:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:Classification
1552:
1551:External links
1549:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1525:
1511:
1491:
1454:
1435:(5): 347–353.
1415:
1401:
1366:
1327:
1303:
1292:on 19 May 2012
1277:
1255:
1238:ICAP Blue Book
1225:
1186:
1157:(4): 348–361.
1137:
1108:
1072:
1046:
1021:
1012:
1009:on 2005-03-24.
994:
958:(4): 363–371.
938:
913:(4): 431–443.
893:
886:
868:
845:
844:
842:
839:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
793:
790:
772:
769:
763:
760:
743:
740:
735:
734:
731:
726:
720:
717:
712:
698:
695:
637:, and setting
631:support groups
621:
618:
602:
601:
598:
595:
589:
583:
578:
573:
571:Hallucinations
564:
558:
553:
540:
537:
536:
535:
532:
529:
516:
513:
508:
505:
502:
497:
490:
487:
461:
458:
449:
446:
445:
444:
430:
427:
418:
415:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
370:
369:
365:
340:
337:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
314:
302:
299:
287:
284:
281:
280:
278:
277:
270:
263:
255:
252:
251:
250:
249:
241:
233:
225:
216:
207:
199:
183:
175:
163:
155:
153:reward systems
148:addictive drug
144:
125:
124:
117:
114:
47:
46:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5134:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:Alcohol abuse
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5092:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5048:Mood disorder
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4922:Nitrous oxide
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Fermented tea
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Sober curious
4727:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Ladies' night
4416:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Rum Rebellion
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Alcohol enema
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Flaming drink
4198:
4196:
4195:Dutch courage
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4180:Drunk walking
4178:
4176:
4175:Drunk dialing
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:Drinking game
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Alcohol abuse
4060:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4029:Social issues
4026:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3966:breast cancer
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:Fusel alcohol
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:Drunk driving
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3681:
3680:Phenobarbital
3677:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3558:Buprenorphine
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3453:Nitrous oxide
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3336:Treatment of
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:Drug checking
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:Reinforcement
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:substance use
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Drug overdose
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:5-222-04382-7
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
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31:
19:
5008:Gin Act 1751
4998:Bratt System
4991:
4987:
4854:Measurement
4788:Breathalyzer
4558:Shoulder tap
4210:
4084:Beer goggles
3675:Barbiturates
3673:
3646:
3629:
3599:
3550:
3523:
3483:
3459:
3445:
3413:
3405:
3383:
3374:Mecamylamine
2804:
2797:
2790:
2778:
2737:
2679:Sex-related
2523:
2450:
2401:
2364:
2212:Hallucinogen
1939:Neurological
1687:Psychoactive
1602:
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1537:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1501:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
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1319:. Retrieved
1315:
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1294:. Retrieved
1290:the original
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1237:
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1203:
1199:
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1125:the original
1120:
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1099:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1087:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
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1007:the original
997:
985:
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932:
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859:. Retrieved
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742:Epidemiology
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523:Irritability
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71:
70:
4988:Beer Street
4939:Homotaurine
4934:Acamprosate
4805:Dry January
4784:Monitoring
4685:Teetotalism
4678:Malt drinks
4468:Alcohol law
4240:Yard of ale
4185:Drunkorexia
3997:intolerance
3790:Rum-running
3429:Acamprosate
3379:Varenicline
3004:Behavioral
2915:Barbiturate
2910:Amphetamine
2688:Pornography
2683:Intercourse
2617:Amphetamine
2583:disorders:
2452:amphetamine
2403:barbiturate
666:self-esteem
576:Dehydration
531:Fuzzy brain
211:reinforcing
5106:Categories
5068:Town drunk
4900:Disulfiram
4848:Small beer
4814:Campaigns
4648:Drunk tank
4621:Dry campus
4531:Dry county
4313:Rum ration
4293:Dipsomania
4222:Pantsdrunk
4015:Red wine:
3805:Alcoholism
3795:Wine fraud
3606:Naltrexone
3540:Lofexidine
3479:Topiramate
3467:Naltrexone
3424:Disulfiram
3228:Allen Carr
3068:Drug rehab
3059:Treatment
2975:management
2971:Treatment
2905:Alcoholism
2886:Withdrawal
2856:Dependence
2774:Epigenetic
2726:mechanisms
2659:Financial
2652:Behavioral
2589:dependence
2433:Stimulants
2096:Caffeinism
2050:Alcoholism
1723:Withdrawal
1485:2024-05-21
1321:2021-05-18
1312:"UpToDate"
1131:2017-09-26
1034:www.gov.uk
674:abstinence
670:confidence
658:abstinence
527:Depression
483:withdrawal
479:biological
460:Withdrawal
403:See also:
358:alcoholism
354:withdrawal
290:See also:
159:dependence
116:Definition
80:physically
44:Psychiatry
5003:Dry state
4910:Cyanamide
4744:Sobrietol
4543:Last call
4509:DWI court
4362:Beer mile
4333:Speakeasy
4303:Gin Craze
4235:Beer bong
4190:Dry drunk
4163:Pregaming
4011:Potomania
3993:Tolerance
3983:Pregnancy
3858:Chemistry
3780:Nip joint
3775:Moonshine
3658:Lorazepam
3641:Clonidine
3611:Nalmefene
3573:Methadone
3562:+naloxone
3535:Clonidine
3495:Clonidine
3472:Nalmefene
3418:inhibitor
3395:Clonidine
3359:Bupropion
3006:therapies
2895:Disorders
2597:Addiction
2585:addiction
2539:Chocolate
1941:disorders
1449:1552-4841
1353:0002-838X
1270:4 October
1212:0002-838X
1163:1535-7414
662:treatment
620:Treatment
567:Delusions
563:/ Tremors
399:Screening
350:tolerance
313:Tolerance
286:Diagnosis
245:tolerance
220:rewarding
132:addiction
87:dependent
39:Specialty
5091:Category
4992:Gin Lane
4749:Quit lit
4673:Spritzer
4603:Sobriety
4458:Alcohol
4439:Whiskey
4267:Sconcing
4217:Nightcap
4143:Blackout
3973:Cortisol
3870:Congener
3668:Oxazepam
3653:Diazepam
3546:Ibogaine
3506:Phenibut
3501:Baclofen
3369:Lobeline
3364:Cytisine
3295:Category
3216:See also
3061:programs
2940:Nicotine
2930:Cannabis
2925:Caffeine
2864:Concepts
2724:Cellular
2668:Shopping
2663:Gambling
2637:Nicotine
2472:Volatile
2347:hypnotic
2342:Sedative
2241:Nicotine
2118:Cannabis
2070:Caffeine
1929:Hangover
1777:Combined
1631:Archived
1518:16 April
1480:27311215
1396:17606817
1361:15053409
1220:15053409
1181:23584009
982:26816013
929:24459410
792:See also
606:insomnia
591:Extreme
588:/ Shakes
561:Seizures
552:Vomiting
500:Vomiting
5026:Related
4980:History
4765:0-0-1-3
4460:control
4347:General
4323:Shebeen
4276:History
3946:Anxiety
3908:Effects
3882:Ethanol
3731:Alcohol
3552:Opioids
2935:Cocaine
2622:Cocaine
2612:Alcohol
2517:Related
2474:solvent
2285:Opioids
2173:Cocaine
1966:(AWS):
1908:Nervous
1862:(ALD):
1812:Alcohol
1697:General
1172:3860472
1101:8 April
1039:8 April
973:6135257
920:3898681
771:History
519:Anxiety
511:Fatigue
222:stimuli
213:stimuli
192:somatic
141:alcohol
95:ethanol
91:alcohol
4800:FRAMES
4009:Beer:
4002:Weight
3978:Memory
3961:Cancer
3744:crimes
2945:Opioid
2901:Drugs
2827:HDAC10
2642:Opioid
2528:: SUD
2487:(SSDS)
2230:(HPPD)
1985:(FASD)
1736:(PAWS)
1649:
1609:103780
1509:
1478:
1447:
1394:
1359:
1351:
1296:2 June
1248:2 June
1218:
1210:
1179:
1169:
1161:
1065:3 June
980:
970:
927:
917:
884:
641:. The
586:Chills
539:Severe
495:Nausea
477:, and
307:DSM-IV
294:, and
76:DSM-IV
5063:Spins
4718:(ACA)
4712:(AA):
4478:(ALS)
4358:Beer
4136:Zapoy
3988:Sleep
3956:Brain
3951:Aging
3845:(HFA)
3759:(DUI)
2837:SIRT2
2832:SIRT1
2822:HDAC9
2817:HDAC5
2812:HDAC4
2806:HDAC3
2799:HDAC2
2792:HDAC1
2765:NF-ÎşB
2760:GluR2
2745:c-Fos
2739:ΔFosB
2391:(BUD)
2331:(OUD)
2320:(OIC)
2314:(OIE)
2308:(OIH)
2254:(GTS)
2191:(PCE)
2157:(CUD)
2136:(CHS)
1996:(PAN)
1977:(DTs)
1920:(ARD)
1899:(AKA)
1880:(ABS)
1843:(AFR)
1801:(CDI)
1095:(PDF)
1084:(PDF)
861:9 May
841:Notes
650:DSM-5
581:Fever
417:AUDIT
106:DSM-5
89:upon
4990:and
4158:list
3342:N07B
2973:and
2755:CREB
2750:Cdk5
2605:Drug
2587:and
2497:SUD
2481:SID
2456:SUD
2440:SID
2417:SUD
2407:SID
2385:SUD
2370:SID
2354:SID
2325:SUD
2292:SID
2269:SUD
2248:SID
2219:SID
2196:SUD
2180:SID
2146:SUD
2125:SID
2102:SUD
2077:SID
2008:(WE)
1795:SID
1785:SUD
1647:ISBN
1604:OMIM
1593:9-CM
1520:2010
1507:ISBN
1476:PMID
1445:ISSN
1392:PMID
1357:PMID
1349:ISSN
1298:2012
1272:2020
1250:2012
1216:PMID
1208:ISSN
1177:PMID
1159:ISSN
1103:2018
1067:2012
1041:2018
978:PMID
925:PMID
882:ISBN
863:2015
668:and
608:and
489:Mild
452:The
448:SADQ
433:The
429:CAGE
421:The
352:and
135:– a
4079:Sex
3734:use
2841:...
2780:G9a
2043:SUD
1820:SID
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1704:SID
1598:303
1589:ICD
1582:F10
1573:ICD
1472:113
1437:doi
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960:doi
956:374
915:PMC
756:NHS
705:CBT
170:or
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82:or
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