Alcohol in Australia - Knowledge (XXG)

850:(1979), and the Northern Territory, and in South Australia (1984). In New South Wales police have the discretion to issue "on the spot" fines or infringement notices for "drunk in public", a fine that costs the individual over $ 480 (4 penalty units). Community Legal Centres across the state complain about these fines and the impact it has had on various vulnerable members of the community, including young people, the homeless and minority groups. As an example, a "drunk and disorderly" fine in New South Wales starts at $ 550. As of February 2009, local councils in New South Wales are not allowed to charge people who drink in alcohol-free zones; they are only permitted to confiscate the alcohol of the intoxicated person. 1793: 231:. Studies have found a variety of economic and social factors result in a higher rate of alcohol consumption. Economically, factors such as lower income, level of education, lack of infrastructure, and a higher availability of alcohol are all known to affect alcohol consumption rates. Social factors also play a large role with the normality and social acceptability of alcohol consumption in rural areas often leading to drinking beginning at a much younger age. Gender has also been found to play a large role in rural communities, with a sense of masculinity seen to heavily influence people. 588:, as binge drinking became a problem in indigenous communities. Despite this, alcohol was often purchased illegally and there was a trend of rapid consumption of high alcohol content beverages. This style of consumption perpetuated the binge drinking cycle. Aboriginals were over-represented in arrests for drunkenness during the period, and continue to be over-represented. Aboriginal people were given the right to drink alcohol in the various states and territories between 1957 and 1975, a right which, for many Aboriginal people, became a symbol of equality, citizenship and status. 568:

aboriginal elders and community leaders opposed these changes, citing the positive benefits brought about by the laws. Despite the many positives that alcohol bans have brought to indigenous communities, issues with alcohol consumption still exist, mainly the issue of home brewed alcohol. Home brew alcohol is commonplace in many of the indigenous communities where alcohol has been banned, with recent reports also calling for a ban of popular spread vegemite, because of its reported use in the manufacturing of alcohol in some northern territory communities.

19: 54: 33:– all of which are private enterprises. Spirits can be purchased at liquor stores and pubs, whereas most grocery stores do not sell them, although they may have separate liquor stores on their premises. Alcohol consumption is higher, according to WHO studies, than in most European countries and several Central Asian and African countries, although consumption is just as high in Australia as in North America. After tobacco, alcohol is the second leading preventable cause of death and hospitalisation in Australia. 564:

curb indigenous drinking, with the Queensland government, in association with rural indigenous communities, setting up Alcohol Management Plans (AMPs). AMPs were first introduced in Australia in 2002, and have been adopted throughout a number of states. More recently, AMPs have been introduced into 19 communities in rural Queensland to attempt to control alcohol-fuelled violence. The plans either restrict the type and amount of alcohol that can be purchased in a town, or involve a blanket ban on alcohol sales.

629:. The guidelines recommend no more than ten standards drinks per week and no more than four standard drinks per day for adults to reduce the risk of harm from alcohol-related disease or injury. Opinions of the latest guidelines for adults are mixed, with people often indicating the recommendation was either too restrictive or did not go far enough, with some stating the new guidelines strike a good balance. Guidelines for under 18's and those pregnant or breastfeeding recommend not consuming any alcohol. 188: 408:

Australians who do drink often, the majority seem to do so in moderation. 72.6% of those surveyed consume alcohol below levels for long term risk of harm. However, many Australians consume alcohol at harmful levels. There are more than 42 million incidents of binge drinking each year. Each month 20.4% of Australians consume alcohol at high risk levels. Australians living in remote areas are more likely to drink at high risk levels compared to those living in urban areas.

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C, Iese Y, Black N, Draper B, Ridley N, Gowing L, Stapinski L, Taye B, Lancaster K, Stjepanović D, Kay-Lambkin F, Jamshidi N, Lubman D, Pastor A, White N, Wilson S, Jaworski A, Memedovic S, Logge W, Mills K, Seear K, Freeburn B, Lea T, Withall A, Marel C, Boffa J, Roxburgh A, Purcell-Khodr G, Doyle M, Conigrave K, Teesson M, Butler K, Connor J, Morley K (2021).

2806: 835:, a charge that a royal commission found disproportionately affected Aboriginal people. In the other states and territories, a person must also be behaving in a disorderly or offensive manner to be charged with an offence. On 22 August 2019, Victoria announced plans to decriminalise public drunkenness and to treat alcohol use disorder as a health issue. 140:. Since the 1960s the popularity of beer has declined while wine consumption increased. The consumption of alcohol increased from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s when it began to decline until it reached a consumption level commensurate with 1961 in 2003. Consumption peaked in 1974 and 1975 when an average of 13.09 litres of pure alcohol was consumed. 412:

accessibility and age restrictions. There is no single factor attributed to why people drink at these harmful levels, however lack of nutrition, poor exercise, smoking, damaging health behaviours, illicit drug use and excessive drinking all appear to contribute to a complicated structure of social determinants.

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Haber P, Riordan B, Winter D, Barrett L, Saunders J, Hides L, Gullo M, Manning V, Day C, Bonomo Y, Burns L, Assan R, Curry K, Mooney-Somers J, Demirkol A, Monds L, McDonough M, Baillie A, Clark P, Ritter A, Quinn C, Cunningham J, Lintzeris N, Rombouts S, Savic M, Norman A, Reid S, Hutchinson D, Zheng

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which have their own power of arrest. Recent changes to legislation allow police to issue an infringement notice for these offences in addition to the traditional method of charging and bailing the offender to the Magistrates' Court. The current fine attached to the infringement notice is $ 590 for a

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A broad range of negative effects come with excessive alcohol consumption. Some of these include an increase in road and other accidents, crime, public and domestic violence, brain damage, liver disease, and the breakdown of social networks. Alcohol related police detentions account for approximately

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Indigenous Australians were prohibited from buying alcohol until the end of the 1960s. The repeal of this legislation saw a rapid increase in indigenous alcohol consumption and contributed to many of the problems faced by indigenous Australians today. In recent years, efforts have been made to try to

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Marketing campaigns have heavily influenced the change in the type of alcohol consumed extensively by young people. Premixed spirits are the focus of many advertisements, rather than beer or wine. The alcohol content in these premixed drinks are of concern as they hold higher alcohol percentages than

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In Australia, 18 is the legal age at which someone may purchase alcohol. Liquor outlets across Western Australia are required to request identification from those who look under 25 years of age when purchasing alcohol. Police cadets, most of whom are around 24 years of age, are often used to research

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Guidelines for health professionals are also published, providing information on treatments for alcohol problems, and last updated in 2021. The guidelines highlight a range of treatment and management options for health professionals to consider when providing people with treatment alcohol problems,

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According to the 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), 82.9% of Australians aged 14 and over had consumed alcohol in the previous 12 months, with only 10.1% having never consumed at least 1 standard drink of alcohol. The survey also found that 20.4% of Australians (23.7% of males and

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is a non-profit organisation founded by the alcohol industry in 2005. Dozens of scientists have vowed not to accept their funding as they lack transparency and independence stating in a joint media release Drinkwise "promotes ineffective interventions rather than measures known to be effective that

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found that the rate of alcohol abstention for both male and female indigenous Australians was much higher than non-indigenous Australians, sitting at 1.7 and 1.4 times more respectively. While the rate of alcohol abstention is high, the rate of both short- and long-term risky drinking in indigenous

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What mostly attracts Australians to drinking is the taste of the beverages as well as general social acceptance. Social norms have been created as a result of communal drinking. When everyone has finished their drink, one member of the group is expected to purchase the next "round" of drinks until

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A common cultural staple amongst young people is to drink, specifically, to get drunk. Almost two-thirds of 18- to 29-year-olds agreed with this statement, and one in five hospitalisations of people under 25 was alcohol related. 88% of Australians surveyed in 2010 had consumed alcohol by age 14. Of

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Alcohol is served in many social and recreational situations, and its use is often encouraged. While drinking alcohol is often seen as intrinsic to Australian culture, the effects associated with over-consumption do not just affect the individual, but also the wider national community. In 2012, it

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died from disorders due to alcohol at a rate seven times greater than non-Indigenous Australians. Estimates obtained from police data show 70,000 Australians were the victim of an alcohol-related assault in 2005. Research has indicated about 10% of police time is devoted to dealing with incidents

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There has been a noticeable decrease in alcohol-fuelled violence and dysfunction in the communities that have faced alcohol bans and restrictions. In 2012 the newly elected Queensland state government, under premier Campbell Newman, proposed a winding back of the alcohol restrictions; a number of

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announced the allocation of $ 53 million in funding to target what he described as a "Binge-Drinking Epidemic" among young adults in Australia. Among teenagers who drink weekly, 29% of males aged 12–17 had consumed seven or more drinks on one occasion; and 32% of females in the same age group had

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According to the National Binge Drinking Campaign on Young Australians and Alcohol, more than 20% of 14- to 19-year-olds consume alcohol on a weekly basis. In 2005, the Australian School Students' Alcohol and Drug Survey found that 10% of 12-year-olds had consumed alcohol in the week prior to the

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A lot of people think drinking alcohol gives them a sense of identity that may help them fit in with social networks. Some also believe it heightens confidence to take part in social situations. Some may oppose the fact that they are being pressured into consuming alcohol, but others look to find

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A lot of pressure can be placed on someone who feels that there is a social expectation to consume alcohol. It is more often than not referred to as being "un-Australian" to turn down an alcoholic drink. This places a considerable amount of pressure on young people in particular. Learning how to

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Many Australians feel the need to consume large amounts of alcohol before going to public venues to socialise and continue drinking. This is commonly known as "pre-drinking". This is largely due to the views many have of the elevated cost of alcohol purchased at venues. The dangerous levels of

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In 2010, the National Drug Strategy Household Survey found that 7.2% of the Australian population drank alcohol each day. Males were found to drink on daily basis at twice the rate of females and were more likely to drink quantities which posed a health risk. One recent survey of teenagers in

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The driving forces behind Australia's drinking culture are derived from social customs, habits, publicised images and normality. These factors can be enhanced by influences related to the social, physical and economic availability of alcohol. This is driven by marketing and promotion, cost,

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Children's first reference for alcohol can be traced to their parents habits. 62% of underage Australians said they got access to their alcohol from friends or others, while 44% said their own parents purchased their alcohol. Nearly one in ten managed to purchase alcohol themselves.

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the effects of alcohol on society, liquor establishments in most Australian states were forced to close by 6 pm from the 1910s to the 1960s. Rather than reduce alcohol consumption, the measures led to excessive drinking in the hour before closing time which became known as the

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In 2005, Queensland introduced a lockout trial in order to reduce alcohol-related violence at three entertainment precincts which saw patrons barred from re-entering a licensed venue after 3 am. Victoria introduced a similar initiative known as the

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In many social situations alcohol is more than likely available. It is expected that alcohol be available at numerous social events including household parties, pubs, clubs, sporting events, during meals, celebrations and even funerals.

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or wine cask. The following four decades saw an increase in per capita wine consumption and a decrease in beer drinking. However the market value of beer sales increased as the sales of up-market or boutique beers gained in popularity.

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gained a following in New South Wales. Its influence peaked during World War I and the Great Depression. An attempt to prohibit alcohol on the Victorian Goldfields was made in 1852. This was the main factor leading to the growth in

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across the age group since 2005. Another survey in Victoria revealed drinking rates were increasing for young people despite it being illegal. In 2010, 18- to 29-year-olds were the age group most likely to drink at harmful levels.

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first offence and $ 1,100 for a subsequent offence. A person arrested for being drunk or drunk and disorderly is held at the Melbourne Custody Centre or the cells at a police station or placed in the care of a friend or relative.

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all members of the party have paid one turn. "Shouting" refers to paying for someone else's drink as a good gesture with no expectation of one in return. This can give people the feeling of being more socially accepted.

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intoxication being widely accepted in Australia points to a problem with alcohol consumption. Social networking has also been studied as having undergone negative effects when combined with overconsumption of alcohol.

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39% of all crimes. Alcohol consumption relates to one in eight deaths of Australians under the age of 25. In 2013 five million Australians aged 14 or over (26%) reported being victim to an alcohol related incident.

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Alcohol plays an integral part of Australian culture. Alcohol plays a role in celebrations, a variety of social activities, relaxation, as a generator of tax revenue and as a major source of employment and exports.

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The age limit for the purchase of alcoholic products in Australia is 18. A license to both produce and sell alcohol is required. Alcohol products in Australia contain warnings against drinking whilst pregnant.

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Alcohol is a major contributing cause of violence in Australia. In 2006, more than three-quarters of a million Australians were abused by persons under the influence of alcohol, including 33,147 cases in NSW.

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liquor retailers have had to hire extra security staff at popular schoolies locations. Parents supplying alcohol to minors in an unsupervised environment may incur penalties of up to $ 8,800 in Queensland.

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in 2014, an average of 15 Australians die each day due to alcohol, an increase of 62% within a decade. One recent estimate of the total cost of alcohol-related crime put the figure at $ 1.7 billion.

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of 1808. Spirits were the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in Australia in the 1830s, with early conservative estimates showing that 3.6 litres of pure alcohol were consumed by each person in

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in the Australian Capital Territory between 1910 and 1928. Four referendums regarding the prohibition of alcohol were conducted in Western Australia, including one in each of the years 1911, 1921,

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in Australia and is frequently available at social and cultural activities. On a per capita scale, 10.3 litres of pure alcohol were consumed by each Australian in 2010. The average amongst

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were partially paid with rum. The distribution of rum amongst the New South Wales Corps led to the only successful armed takeover of an Australian government, which later became known as the

1819: 1754: 2349: 607:. While there are no alcohol advertising bans in Australia some restrictions and conditions apply. There are no restrictions on the sponsorship of youth and sport events in Australia. 2705: 3094: 532:

when compared to the non-indigenous, and it was also found that indigenous Australians were twice as likely to consume alcohol dangerously in the short term at least once a week.

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According to the 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey just over 8% of Australian adults reported being the victim of an alcohol-related assault. Between 2004 and 2008,

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Rowe, David; Callum Gilmour (2009). "Lubrication and Domination: Beer, Sport, Masculinity and the Australian Gender Order". In Wenner, Lawrence A.; Jackson, Steven J. (eds.).

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Its main focus claims to be help bring about a healthier and safer drinking culture in Australia. Drink Wise provides information for managing teen drinking, binge drinking,

544:, the sap of the Eucalyptus gunnii tree (known also as the cider gum) was collected and fermented with natural yeasts to create an alcoholic drink called way-a-linah. In 3031: 1895: 1218: 240:

retailers who would sell them alcohol. In 2013, 72 out of 100 cadets were able to purchase alcohol without showing identification in the Perth metropolitan area. The

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drink is often thought of as an integral part of growing into adulthood. This peer pressure maintains the social norm, and wider acceptance of the

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17.2% of females) consumed alcohol at risky or high risk levels according to the 2001 Australian guideline for Alcohol intake. In March 2008,

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the same amount of beer. Many young people prefer these drinks because they are often sweet and disguise the amount of alcohol they contain.

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Alcohol in Australia: Issues and Strategies : a Background Paper to the National Alcohol Strategy: a Plan for Action 2001 to 2003/04

3385: 3119: 2941: 2051: 741:, effects of alcohol on pregnancy and for school leavers. It fights against evidence based policies such as raising the tax on alcohol. 147:

with a dog chain to protest laws excluding them, as women, from drinking with men at public bars. In 1965, a South Australian winemaker

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Queensland has introduced alcohol restrictions as part of the state's Alcohol Management Plans in 19 separate Indigenous communities.

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In Victoria being "drunk in a public place" and "drunk and disorderly in a public place" are separate offences contained in the

867: 165: 3339: 2810: 2139: 1172: 1112: 973: 793: 600: 3304: 748:, which promotes a healthy alcohol culture and addresses the risks of alcohol use in adolescence, mainly surrounding sport. 2614: 3375: 3016: 2931: 2823: 1363: 1046: 859: 228: 211:

beverages. Retail sales for alcohol including GST in the 2011/12 financial year totalled A$ 18,135 million. In 2012,

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Approximately 40% of 14- to 19-year-olds drink at levels that risk harm in the short term, like accidental injuries.

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is an industry funded organisation that funds alcohol-related research and conducts public education activities.

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There are many initiatives, mainly funded by the federal government, to help resolve the binge drinking crisis.

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Historically, Indigenous Australians produced and consumed alcoholic drinks made from native ingredients. In

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is an Australian fundraising initiative that encourages people to give up alcohol for the month of October.

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social networks where consuming alcohol is common as enhancing a sense of belonging and identity formation.

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as the cause of preventable death and hospitalisation in Australia. According to a report released by

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was a public rally to protest the claimed effects of liquor licensing laws on live music in the city.

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countries was 9.1 litres. Beer was the most preferred beverage, followed by wine, spirits and

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In March 1965, Merle Thornton and Rosalie Bogner secured themselves to the foot rail of Brisbane's

101: 45: 2986: 2903: 2294: 2265:"New Australian guidelines for the treatment of alcohol problems: an overview of recommendations" 2212: 1591: 939: 832: 634: 553: 301: 596:

In 2007, it was reported that $ 128 million was spent on alcohol advertising in Australia.

2286: 2204: 2135: 2031: 2006:"'Vegemite watch' rejected by PM after reports spread used to brew alcohol in dry communities" 1849: 1472: 1369: 1290: 1198: 1168: 1108: 924: 545: 381: 137: 2951: 2923: 2908: 2278: 2196: 1896:"The grog book : strengthening indigenous community action on alcohol. Revised edition" 1462: 934: 897: 576: 176: 2883: 1934: 929: 847: 333: 285: 70: 2568: 2106: 2846: 2730: 1627: 919: 866:

and New Zealand was set up to advocate on behalf of brewers in both countries. and the

715: 220: 192: 125: 26: 3369: 2298: 2216: 911: 675: 654: 557: 148: 144: 106: 90: 82: 2815: 2433:. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/alcohol-and-other-drugs/ndshs/2013/alcohol/ 2350:"Alcohol is killing 15 Australians a day and experts want tough new warning labels" 642: 2129: 1284: 1192: 1162: 1721:"Alcohol and health in Australia | National Health and Medical Research Council" 771: 679: 650: 603:

claims young people in Australia are being exposed to an unprecedented level of

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Statistics show that the rate of binge drinking in rural areas is 5% higher for

161: 110: 1138:. Department of Planning and Community Development. 14 May 2012. Archived from 653:. The guidelines also note the importance of addressing stigma associated with 37:

was estimated that Australians spent $ 14.1 billion each year on alcohol.

887: 828: 646: 548:, a mead-like drink called mangaitj was made from fermenting the cones of the 513: 419: 317: 136:

In the decade after World War II there was a steep rise in the consumption of

65: 2237: 1691:"Teen Drinking Law | Young People and Drinking – How much young people drink" 1620:"Australian Drinking Culture – The evolution from drunkards to connoisseurs" 1467: 1450: 873: 730: 212: 180: 30: 2290: 2208: 1476: 905: 552:, and other native alcoholic drinks are known to have been produced in the 2805: 1449:

Allan, J.; Clifford, A.; Ball, P.; Alston, M.; Meister, P. (4 July 2012).

1368:. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2011. p. 45. 22:

World map showing countries by annual alcohol consumption per capita, 2008

2555:"Deakin University - Alcohol researchers should reject Drinkwise funding" 1870:"An Ancient Indigenous Drink is Revived, Illuminating Australian History" 1194:

Sport, Beer, and Gender: Promotional Culture and Contemporary Social Life

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represents hoteliers around Australia. It was established in 1839. The

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In 1837, laws were passed to prevent the sale of alcoholic beverages to

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to raise awareness of harms related to using drugs, including alcohol.

549: 208: 2755: 3140: 2777: 2680:"Infringements (General Regulations ) 2006 - Schedule 3 Section 10AA" 2156:"Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol" 2030:. Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. 2001. p. 6. 2635:'Long overdue': public drunkenness to be decriminalised in Victoria 2240:. Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 2105:. Australian Medical Association. 19 September 2012. Archived from 2754:. Brewers Association of Australia and New Zealand. Archived from 575: 186: 175: 64: 52: 44: 1313:. Distilled Spirits Industry Council of Australia. Archived from 744:

Tackling Binge Drinking is a government program supported by the

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was invented in 1965 by South Australian winemaker Thomas Angove.

2540: 1984:"New singers, old songs: alcohol bans in Aboriginal communities" 1848:. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 1846:

Substance use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

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was Australia's top-selling as measured by the volume of sales.

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is commonly consumed and available at pubs and liquor stores in

3144: 2819: 2471:"Shocking Binge Drinking Facts For Australia - The Social Cost" 1780:

The 2005 Australian Secondary Students' Alcohol and Drug Survey

1219:"Sixties activists fought for rights with marches, bra-burning" 674:

Alcohol use disorder in Australia is associated with violence,

423:"Rounds" or "shouting" are a common norm of drinking etiquette. 2406:"Alcohol Use and Harm Statistics - Alcohol Use and Harm In WA" 2008:. AFP/ABC. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 August 2015 993:"Australians' alcohol consumption at lowest level since 1960s" 976:. 2011. World Health Organization. Retrieved 26 February 2013. 765: 2445:"Fact check: only drugs and alcohol together cause violence" 2731:

Public intoxication in NSW: the contours of criminalisation

2569:"Australia Has A Drinking Problem? Jordan Shanks Sept 2019" 2517:. The State of Queensland. 24 February 2013. Archived from 2646:

NYE: Can you be arrested for simply being drunk in public?

1424:"Study shows half of Australia's 17-year-olds binge drink" 831:

are the only states that still have a specific offence of

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There are numerous factors that contribute to the rate of

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Robin Room & Michael Livingstone (26 February 2013).

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survey, and amongst 17 years old, this increased to 49%.

2682:. Australian Legal Information Institute. Archived from 1903:

Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

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Anthony Morgan & Amanda McAtamney (December 2009).

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Riordan B, Winter D, Haber P, Day C, Morley K (2021).

1924:"Alcohol management plans and related alcohol reforms" 1813:"AIHW - 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey" 1073:"A brief history of alcohol consumption in Australia" 1047:"A brief history of alcohol consumption in Australia" 2429:

Australian institute of health and welfare. (2013).

3280: 3257: 3176: 3112: 3077: 2985: 2978: 2950: 2922: 2854: 2485:"Liquor sellers clamp down on Schoolies Week sales" 1545:(Report). Preventative Health. 2014. Archived from 1365:

2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report

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List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita

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was Australia's top-selling beer by volume in 2012.

2238:"Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol Problems" 1590: 1564:"One in eight youth deaths due to alcohol, report" 1244:Crystal Ja & AAP reporters (25 January 2011). 1844:Health, Australian Institute of; Welfare (2011). 1744:"New South Wales Recorded Crime Statistics 2007" 1053:. The Conversation Media Group. 25 February 2013 991:Melissa Davey & Nick Evershed (6 May 2015). 244:issues guidelines for alcohol use in Australia. 517:consumed five or more drinks at the same time. 1107:. Commonwealth of Australia. 2001. p. 1. 3156: 2831: 692:Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education 8: 2630: 2628: 2160:National Health and Medical Research Council 627:National Health and Medical Research Council 242:National Health and Medical Research Council 2079:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from 1751:NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 1101:Alcohol in Australia: Issues and Strategies 625:Guidelines for alcohol use are made by the 81:Heavy drinking in Australia was a cultural 3163: 3149: 3141: 2982: 2838: 2824: 2816: 2134:. World Health Organization. p. 130. 1540:Changing the drinking culture in Australia 1281:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 974:Global status report on alcohol and health 534:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 1466: 846:Public drunkenness was decriminalised in 812:Learn how and when to remove this message 2706:"Tough new laws to tackle drunken louts" 2660:. Australian Legal Information Institute 2380:"Key issues in alcohol-related violence" 1650:"Teenage drinking: the facts and issues" 1246:"Eclectic mix honoured on Australia Day" 1094: 1092: 1090: 986: 984: 982: 572:Binge drinking in Indigenous communities 418: 246: 17: 2591:. Australian Government. Archived from 2067: 2065: 966: 682:in the workplace. Alcohol is second to 647:pharmacotherapies for alcohol treatment 69:The oldest brewery in Australia is the 2373: 2371: 2324:Office of Liquor and Gaming Regulation 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1164:Alcohol: A Social and Cultural History 229:alcohol consumption in rural Australia 85:following colonisation. For a period, 2708:. Premier of Victoria. Archived from 2386:. Australian Institute of Criminology 1715: 1713: 1711: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1186: 1184: 1041: 1039: 678:, child neglect and abuse as well as 7: 2131:Global Status Report: Alcohol Policy 2103:"Alcohol marketing and young people" 794:adding citations to reliable sources 199:Alcohol is the most widely consumed 3120:Alcohol consumption recommendations 1794:"Rudd gets tough on binge drinking" 1338:"Lion leads the way with XXXX Gold" 2128:World Health Organization (2004). 219:Australia has shown a decrease in 49:Australian Beer Production in 1945 14: 2326:. 23 January 2013. Archived from 1982:d'Abbs, Peter (12 October 2012). 1959:McKenna, Michael (19 June 2014). 537:Australians causes some concern. 2804: 2491:. News Limited. 14 November 2012 2052:"Aboriginal alcohol consumption" 1398:"Fall in teenage binge drinking" 1396:Tony Wright (11 February 2013). 1336:Colin Kruger (5 November 2012). 950:Temperance movement in Australia 904: 890: 864:Brewers Association of Australia 770: 77:, which was established in 1824. 3037:Alcohol-related traffic crashes 2782:Independent Brewers Association 1597:Chisholm Health Ethics Bulletin 1592:"Problem drinking in Australia" 1589:Simonet, E. N. C. (June 2014). 1430:. News Limited. 6 February 2013 1311:"The Australian Alcohol Market" 868:Independent Brewers Association 781:needs additional citations for 191:Red wine grapes growing in the 166:2010 Melbourne live music rally 3189:Federated States of Micronesia 3047:Legal drinking age controversy 2451:. The Conversation Media Group 1695:www.teendrinkinglaw.vic.gov.au 1225:. Queensland News. 1 June 2009 601:Australian Medical Association 524:Indigenous alcohol consumption 1: 3017:Alcohol consumption in Russia 860:Australian Hotels Association 854:Alcohol-related organisations 3130:Drunk driving law by country 3032:Alcohol consumption by youth 2741:Public Intoxication Act 1984 2356:. News Limited. 31 July 2014 2270:Medical Journal of Australia 2188:Medical Journal of Australia 1019:"Australian spending habits" 657:to improve health outcomes. 270:Australian Capital Territory 3052:List of alcohol laws in USA 2658:"Summary Offences Act 1966" 1197:. Peter Lang. p. 206. 723:Solutions to binge drinking 643:psycho-social interventions 3402: 3386:Social issues in Australia 2849:-related topics by country 2619:Australian Drug Foundation 2384:Research in practice no. 4 756:Australian Drug Foundation 734:reduce industry profits". 667: 614: 611:Legislation and guidelines 2589:"Tackling Binge Drinking" 1402:The Sydney Morning Herald 1342:The Sydney Morning Herald 1250:The Sydney Morning Herald 999:. Guardian News and Media 840:Summary Offences Act 1966 655:alcohol use and addiction 617:Alcohol laws of Australia 3340:Northern Mariana Islands 2242:The University of Sydney 1961:"Keeping a lid on drink" 1874:Wine Enthusiast Magazine 1624:www.convictcreations.com 754:is a website run by the 3305:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3057:USA open-container laws 2511:"Parents and guardians" 1798:Youth Studies Australia 1657:www.druginfo.adf.org.au 1286:Australia's health 2012 1136:"Law, Order and Health" 710:In an effort to reduce 124:In a failed attempt to 2320:"Alcohol Restrictions" 1455:Alcohol and Alcoholism 704:Indigenous Australians 586:Aboriginal Australians 581: 530:indigenous Australians 424: 196: 184: 78: 62: 50: 23: 3283:and other territories 2813:at Wikimedia Commons 1468:10.1093/alcalc/ags074 1167:. Berg. p. 214. 1023:www.moneysmart.gov.au 579: 422: 190: 179: 109:. Alcohol sales were 87:convicts in Australia 68: 56: 48: 21: 3376:Alcohol in Australia 3063:Beer classification 2811:Alcohol in Australia 2758:on 21 September 2013 1523:on 23 February 2016. 790:improve this article 714:by teenagers during 712:alcohol intoxication 707:related to alcohol. 670:Alcohol use disorder 556:and in parts of the 2686:on 14 November 2012 2410:Alcohol Think Again 2330:on 27 February 2013 1317:on 25 February 2013 1161:Holt, Mack (2006). 635:brief interventions 399:Society and culture 102:Temperance Movement 3381:Alcohol by country 3171:Alcohol in Oceania 3067:Sweden and Finland 2595:on 26 October 2016 2283:10.5694/mja2.51254 2201:10.5694/mja2.50902 1986:. The Conversation 1940:on 27 January 2016 1931:Indigenous Justice 1731:on 19 August 2015. 1630:on 9 November 2020 1570:. 19 November 2013 1075:. 24 February 2013 940:Legal drinking age 833:public drunkenness 762:Public drunkenness 639:alcohol withdrawal 582: 554:Northern Territory 425: 302:Northern Territory 197: 185: 100:In the 1830s, the 79: 63: 51: 24: 3363: 3362: 3355:Wallis and Futuna 3300:Clipperton Island 3258:Associated states 3138: 3137: 3108: 3107: 2809:Media related to 2195:(3): 105–107.e1. 2162:. 9 December 2020 2077:Discussion Papaer 1855:978-1-74249-119-6 955:Six o'clock swill 925:Australian whisky 822: 821: 814: 664:Violence and harm 605:alcohol marketing 546:Western Australia 396: 395: 382:Western Australia 138:beer in Australia 131:six o'clock swill 3393: 3345:Pitcairn Islands 3315:French Polynesia 3295:Christmas Island 3224:Papua New Guinea 3204:Marshall Islands 3177:Sovereign states 3165: 3158: 3151: 3142: 2983: 2952:Alcoholic drinks 2924:Drinking culture 2840: 2833: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2712:on 23 March 2012 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2449:The Conversation 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2109:on 18 April 2013 2099: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2069: 2060: 2059: 2056:Creative Spirits 2048: 2042: 2041: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1963:. The Australian 1956: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1939: 1933:. Archived from 1928: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1900: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1825:on 13 March 2018 1824: 1818:. Archived from 1817: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1759: 1753:. Archived from 1748: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1727:. Archived from 1725:www.nhmrc.gov.au 1717: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1687: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1666:on 17 April 2016 1665: 1659:. Archived from 1654: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1626:. Archived from 1616: 1605: 1604: 1594: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1552:on 4 March 2016. 1551: 1544: 1536: 1525: 1524: 1519:. 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The 107:sly-grog shops 42: 39: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3398: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3330:New Caledonia 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3310:Easter Island 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3101: 3100:United States 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3042:Drunk driving 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3027:United States 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2799: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2463: 2450: 2446: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2385: 2381: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2342: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277:(7): S1–S32. 2276: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2258: 2255: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2174: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2124: 2121: 2108: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2037:0-642-50323-0 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1985: 1978: 1975: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1936: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1904: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1857: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1837: 1821: 1814: 1811:AIHW (2007). 1807: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1585: 1582: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1548: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1517:"Laws in NSW" 1512: 1509: 1496: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1403: 1399: 1392: 1389: 1377: 1375:9781742491882 1371: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1356: 1343: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1170: 1166: 1165: 1157: 1154: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1116: 1110: 1103: 1102: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1074: 1068: 1065: 1052: 1048: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1011: 998: 994: 987: 985: 983: 979: 975: 970: 967: 960: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 917: 913: 912:Liquor portal 907: 902: 899: 888: 883: 881: 879: 875: 871: 869: 865: 861: 853: 851: 849: 844: 841: 836: 834: 830: 826: 816: 813: 805: 795: 791: 785: 784: 779:This section 777: 773: 768: 767: 761: 759: 757: 753: 749: 747: 742: 740: 739:drink driving 735: 732: 728: 722: 720: 717: 713: 708: 705: 700: 696: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:drink driving 671: 663: 661: 658: 656: 652: 651:comorbidities 648: 644: 640: 636: 630: 628: 623: 618: 610: 608: 606: 602: 597: 591: 589: 587: 578: 571: 569: 565: 561: 559: 558:Torres Strait 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 535: 531: 523: 521: 518: 515: 512: 506: 499: 497: 490: 488: 481: 479: 472: 470: 464:Social status 463: 461: 454: 452: 450: 442:Peer pressure 441: 436: 434: 427: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 398: 391: 388: 385: 383: 380: 379: 375: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 359: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 343: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 327: 324: 321: 319: 316: 315: 311: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 295: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 279: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 264:drinking age 261: 259:Year adopted 258: 256: 255:drinking age 252: 249: 248: 245: 243: 234: 232: 230: 225: 222: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 194: 189: 182: 178: 171: 169: 167: 163: 157: 154: 150: 149:Thomas Angove 146: 145:Regatta Hotel 141: 139: 134: 132: 127: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 103: 98: 96: 92: 91:Rum Rebellion 88: 84: 76: 72: 67: 60: 55: 47: 40: 38: 34: 32: 28: 20: 16: 3281:Dependencies 3267:Cook Islands 3183: 2899:Saudi Arabia 2868: 2803: 2787:16 September 2785:. 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