236:. The name of the article is "Distant Electric Vision". He wrote: "This part of the problem of obtaining distant electric vision can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of cathode rays (one at the transmitting and one at the receiving station) synchronously deflected by the varying fields of two electromagnets placed at right angles to one another and energised by two alternating electric currents of widely different frequencies, so that the moving extremities of the two beams are caused to sweep simultaneously over the whole of the required surface within the one-tenth of a second necessary to take advantage of visual persistence. Indeed, so far as the receiving apparatus is concerned, the moving cathode beam has only to be arranged to impinge on a suitably sensitive fluorescent screen, and given suitable variations in its intensity, to obtain the desired result."
160:. Campbell-Swinton's concept was central to the cathode ray television because of his proposed modification of the cathode ray tube that allowed its use as both a transmitter and receiver of light. The cathode-ray tube was the system of electronic television that was subsequently developed in later years, as technology caught up with Campbell-Swinton's initial ideas. Other inventors would use Campbell-Swinton's ideas as a starting-point to realise the cathode ray tube television as the standard, workable form of all electronic television that it became for decades after his death. It is generally considered that the original credit for the successful theoretical conception of using a cathode ray tube device for imaging should belong to Campbell-Swinton.
169:
243:(CRTs) at both the transmitting and receiving ends. The photoelectric screen in the proposed transmitting device was a mosaic of isolated rubidium cubes. This was the first iteration of the electronic television which is still in use today. When Swinton gave his speech others had already been experimenting with the use of cathode ray tubes as a receiver, but the use of the technology as a transmitter was unheard of. His concept for a fully electronic television system was later popularised by Hugo Gernsback as the
131:
290:. Both teams succeeded in transmitting "very faint" images with the original Campbell-Swinton's selenium-coated plate, but much better images were obtained when the metal plate was covered with zinc sulphide or selenide, or with aluminium or zirconium oxide treated with caesium. These experiments are the base of the future
154:, two decades before the technology existed to implement it. He began experimenting around 1903 with the use of cathode ray tubes for the electronic transmission and reception of images. Campbell described the theoretical basis for an all electronic method of producing television in a 1908 letter to
277:
published in
October 1926, Campbell-Swinton also announced the results of some "not very successful experiments" he had conducted with G. M. Minchin and J. C. M. Stanton. They had attempted to generate an electrical signal by projecting an image onto a selenium-coated metal plate that was
266:"Surely it would be better policy if those who can afford the time and money would abandon mechanical devices and expend their labours in what appears likely to prove the ultimately more promising method in which the only moving parts are imponderable electrons."
254:
In 1914 he once again described his system in his presidential address to the
Roentgen Ray Society and in 1921 a book was published describing it in some detail. He himself described his system seven years later in the June 1928 issue of
1000:
282:. These experiments were conducted before March 1914, when Minchin died, but they were later repeated by two different teams in 1937, by his students H. Miller and J. W. Strange from
229:
were the limited number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution".
1005:
225:
entitled "Telegraphic
Photography and Electric Vision". Even as early as 1908, it was recognised that "The final, insurmountable problems with any form of
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He gave a speech in London in 1911 where he described in great detail how distant electric vision could be achieved. This was to be done by using
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Alongside his research into the electrical transmission of images, Campbell-Swinton also worked in voice telephony, founding the short-lived
356:. The Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) (History of Technology Series 22) in association with The Science Museum (UK). p. 123.
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Miller, H.; Strange. J. W. (2 May 1938). "The electrical reproduction of images by the photoconductive effect".
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in 1896, he found that a longitudinal magnetic field generated by an axial coil can focus an electron beam.
206:
in 1915. He is better known by his work on the electronic television. He discovered the phenomenon known as
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Iams, H.; Rose, A. (August 1937). "Television Pickup Tubes with
Cathode-Ray Beam Scanning".
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The first man to provide the theoretical basis for a completely electronic television system
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Campbell-Swinton wrote a letter in response to an article in the 4 June 1908 issue of
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9 Albyn Place, Edinburgh, Campbell-Swinton's
Edinburgh home has a plaque to his memory
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739:"Vacuum cameras to speed up television and Campbell Swinton television system"
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456:"The Effects of a Strong Magnetic Field upon Electric Discharges in Vacuo"
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Campbell-Swinton's letter was published in the 18 June 1908 issue of
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He was one of the first to explore the medical applications of
146:(18 October 1863 – 19 February 1930) was a Scottish consulting
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172:
Memorial to Alan
Campbell-Swinton, Albyn Place, Edinburgh
150:, who provided the theoretical basis for the electronic
1001:
Presidents of the
Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
648:"Television, or the projection of pictures over a wire"
430:
Biographical
Dictionary of the History of Technology
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922:The History of the Telephone in the United Kingdom
737:Hugo Gernsback and H. Winfield Secor (July 1928).
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247:in the August 1915 issue of the popular magazine
700:. Sir Issac Pitman & sons. pp. 102–106.
403:"Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton - Graces Guide"
887:Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers
345:
343:
670:"Alan Archivald Campbell-Swinton (1863–1930)"
635:. University of California Press. p. 31.
245:"Campbell-Swinton Electronic Scanning System"
8:
763:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (23 October 1926).
497:"Distant Electric Vision (first paragraph)"
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697:The electrical transmission of photographs
597:Television: the life story of a technology
460:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
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544:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (18 June 1908).
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454:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (18 June 1896).
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16:Scottish electrical engineer (1863-1930)
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601:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1006:People educated at Cargilfield School
7:
711:A. A. Campbell Swinton (June 1928).
378:"David Sarnoff Library - Television"
924:. Chapman and Hall. pp. 88–89.
849:Proceedings of the Physical Society
286:, and by H. Iams and A. Rose from
14:
961:People educated at Fettes College
646:H. Winfield Secor (August 1915).
261:, "Television by Cathode Rays".
187:Campbell-Swinton was educated at
765:"Electric Television (abstract)"
299:Equitable Telephone Association
139:Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
23:Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
427:Lance Day; Ian McNeil (2003).
337:. Infobase publishing, pp. 51.
1:
976:British electronics engineers
971:Scottish electrical engineers
806:"Prof. G. M. Minchin, F.R.S."
996:Fellows of the Royal Society
713:"Television by cathode rays"
593:Alexander B. Magoun (2007).
278:simultaneously scanned by a
655:The Electrical Experimenter
204:Fellow of the Royal Society
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899:10.1109/JRPROC.1937.228423
869:10.1088/0959-5309/50/3/307
632:Electronic Motion Pictures
433:. Routledge. p. 217.
189:Cargilfield Trinity School
182:Archibald Campbell Swinton
920:F. G. C. Baldwin (1925).
694:Marcus J. Martin (1921).
546:"Distant Electric Vision"
333:Oakes, Elizabeth (2009),
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966:Projectional radiography
956:Engineers from Edinburgh
951:People from Berwickshire
629:Albert Abramson (1955).
335:A to Z of STS Scientists
117:Elected a Fellow of the
981:Scottish businesspeople
804:R. A. G. (April 1914).
249:Electrical Experimenter
657:. III–28 (4): 131–132.
473:10.1098/rspl.1896.0032
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407:www.gracesguide.co.uk
350:Burns, R. W. (1998).
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35:Alan Campbell-Swinton
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382:www.davidsarnoff.org
180:the son of advocate
991:Television pioneers
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562:1908Natur..78..151S
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227:mechanical scanning
148:electrical engineer
98:Electrical engineer
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815:(2318): 115–116.
668:Bairdtelevision.
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363:978-0-85296-914-4
241:cathode ray tubes
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317:References
152:television
95:Occupation
58:, Scotland
47:1863-10-18
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478:JSTOR
111:Notes
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607:ISBN
435:ISBN
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191:and
164:Life
64:Died
41:Born
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