247:. The name of the article is "Distant Electric Vision". He wrote: "This part of the problem of obtaining distant electric vision can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of cathode rays (one at the transmitting and one at the receiving station) synchronously deflected by the varying fields of two electromagnets placed at right angles to one another and energised by two alternating electric currents of widely different frequencies, so that the moving extremities of the two beams are caused to sweep simultaneously over the whole of the required surface within the one-tenth of a second necessary to take advantage of visual persistence. Indeed, so far as the receiving apparatus is concerned, the moving cathode beam has only to be arranged to impinge on a suitably sensitive fluorescent screen, and given suitable variations in its intensity, to obtain the desired result."
171:. Campbell-Swinton's concept was central to the cathode ray television because of his proposed modification of the cathode ray tube that allowed its use as both a transmitter and receiver of light. The cathode-ray tube was the system of electronic television that was subsequently developed in later years, as technology caught up with Campbell-Swinton's initial ideas. Other inventors would use Campbell-Swinton's ideas as a starting-point to realise the cathode ray tube television as the standard, workable form of all electronic television that it became for decades after his death. It is generally considered that the original credit for the successful theoretical conception of using a cathode ray tube device for imaging should belong to Campbell-Swinton.
180:
254:(CRTs) at both the transmitting and receiving ends. The photoelectric screen in the proposed transmitting device was a mosaic of isolated rubidium cubes. This was the first iteration of the electronic television which is still in use today. When Swinton gave his speech others had already been experimenting with the use of cathode ray tubes as a receiver, but the use of the technology as a transmitter was unheard of. His concept for a fully electronic television system was later popularised by Hugo Gernsback as the
142:
301:. Both teams succeeded in transmitting "very faint" images with the original Campbell-Swinton's selenium-coated plate, but much better images were obtained when the metal plate was covered with zinc sulphide or selenide, or with aluminium or zirconium oxide treated with caesium. These experiments are the base of the future
165:, two decades before the technology existed to implement it. He began experimenting around 1903 with the use of cathode ray tubes for the electronic transmission and reception of images. Campbell described the theoretical basis for an all electronic method of producing television in a 1908 letter to
288:
published in
October 1926, Campbell-Swinton also announced the results of some "not very successful experiments" he had conducted with G. M. Minchin and J. C. M. Stanton. They had attempted to generate an electrical signal by projecting an image onto a selenium-coated metal plate that was
277:"Surely it would be better policy if those who can afford the time and money would abandon mechanical devices and expend their labours in what appears likely to prove the ultimately more promising method in which the only moving parts are imponderable electrons."
265:
In 1914 he once again described his system in his presidential address to the
Roentgen Ray Society and in 1921 a book was published describing it in some detail. He himself described his system seven years later in the June 1928 issue of
1011:
293:. These experiments were conducted before March 1914, when Minchin died, but they were later repeated by two different teams in 1937, by his students H. Miller and J. W. Strange from
240:
were the limited number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution".
1016:
236:
entitled "Telegraphic
Photography and Electric Vision". Even as early as 1908, it was recognised that "The final, insurmountable problems with any form of
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250:
He gave a speech in London in 1911 where he described in great detail how distant electric vision could be achieved. This was to be done by using
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Alongside his research into the electrical transmission of images, Campbell-Swinton also worked in voice telephony, founding the short-lived
367:. The Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) (History of Technology Series 22) in association with The Science Museum (UK). p. 123.
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Miller, H.; Strange. J. W. (2 May 1938). "The electrical reproduction of images by the photoconductive effect".
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in 1896, he found that a longitudinal magnetic field generated by an axial coil can focus an electron beam.
217:
in 1915. He is better known by his work on the electronic television. He discovered the phenomenon known as
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Iams, H.; Rose, A. (August 1937). "Television Pickup Tubes with
Cathode-Ray Beam Scanning".
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213:, opening the first radiographic laboratory in the United Kingdom in 1896. He was elected a
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The first man to provide the theoretical basis for a completely electronic television system
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Campbell-Swinton wrote a letter in response to an article in the 4 June 1908 issue of
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9 Albyn Place, Edinburgh, Campbell-Swinton's
Edinburgh home has a plaque to his memory
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750:"Vacuum cameras to speed up television and Campbell Swinton television system"
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467:"The Effects of a Strong Magnetic Field upon Electric Discharges in Vacuo"
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Campbell-Swinton's letter was published in the 18 June 1908 issue of
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He was one of the first to explore the medical applications of
157:(18 October 1863 – 19 February 1930) was a Scottish consulting
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364:
183:
Memorial to Alan
Campbell-Swinton, Albyn Place, Edinburgh
161:, who provided the theoretical basis for the electronic
1012:
Presidents of the
Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
659:"Television, or the projection of pictures over a wire"
441:
Biographical
Dictionary of the History of Technology
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105:
94:
86:
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32:
933:The History of the Telephone in the United Kingdom
748:Hugo Gernsback and H. Winfield Secor (July 1928).
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891:
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258:in the August 1915 issue of the popular magazine
711:. Sir Issac Pitman & sons. pp. 102–106.
414:"Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton - Graces Guide"
898:Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers
356:
354:
681:"Alan Archivald Campbell-Swinton (1863–1930)"
646:. University of California Press. p. 31.
256:"Campbell-Swinton Electronic Scanning System"
8:
774:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (23 October 1926).
508:"Distant Electric Vision (first paragraph)"
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338:
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708:The electrical transmission of photographs
608:Television: the life story of a technology
471:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
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29:
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555:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (18 June 1908).
506:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (18 June 1908).
465:Campbell-Swinton, A. A. (18 June 1896).
140:
27:Scottish electrical engineer (1863-1930)
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612:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1017:People educated at Cargilfield School
7:
722:A. A. Campbell Swinton (June 1928).
389:"David Sarnoff Library - Television"
935:. Chapman and Hall. pp. 88–89.
860:Proceedings of the Physical Society
297:, and by H. Iams and A. Rose from
25:
972:People educated at Fettes College
657:H. Winfield Secor (August 1915).
272:, "Television by Cathode Rays".
198:Campbell-Swinton was educated at
776:"Electric Television (abstract)"
310:Equitable Telephone Association
150:Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
34:Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
18:Alan Archibald Campbell Swinton
438:Lance Day; Ian McNeil (2003).
348:. Infobase publishing, pp. 51.
1:
987:British electronics engineers
982:Scottish electrical engineers
817:"Prof. G. M. Minchin, F.R.S."
1007:Fellows of the Royal Society
724:"Television by cathode rays"
604:Alexander B. Magoun (2007).
289:simultaneously scanned by a
666:The Electrical Experimenter
215:Fellow of the Royal Society
1038:
910:10.1109/JRPROC.1937.228423
880:10.1088/0959-5309/50/3/307
643:Electronic Motion Pictures
444:. Routledge. p. 217.
200:Cargilfield Trinity School
193:Archibald Campbell Swinton
931:F. G. C. Baldwin (1925).
705:Marcus J. Martin (1921).
557:"Distant Electric Vision"
344:Oakes, Elizabeth (2009),
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39:
977:Projectional radiography
967:Engineers from Edinburgh
962:People from Berwickshire
640:Albert Abramson (1955).
346:A to Z of STS Scientists
128:Elected a Fellow of the
992:Scottish businesspeople
815:R. A. G. (April 1914).
260:Electrical Experimenter
668:. III–28 (4): 131–132.
484:10.1098/rspl.1896.0032
184:
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418:www.gracesguide.co.uk
361:Burns, R. W. (1998).
182:
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46:Alan Campbell-Swinton
477:(359–367): 179–182.
393:www.davidsarnoff.org
191:the son of advocate
1002:Television pioneers
872:1938PPS....50..374M
832:1914Natur..93..115R
573:1908Natur..78..151S
524:1908Natur..78..151S
238:mechanical scanning
159:electrical engineer
109:Electrical engineer
997:Scottish inventors
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826:(2318): 115–116.
679:Bairdtelevision.
623:978-0-313-33128-2
374:978-0-85296-914-4
252:cathode ray tubes
220:magnetic focusing
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163:television
106:Occupation
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489:JSTOR
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618:ISBN
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75:Died
52:Born
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