3121:
862:
804:
465:, articles. His research, particularly at Cambridge, took a very collaborative approach which was necessary given the extended time period of the ambitious projects undertaken. Aside from his postgraduate and post-doctoral students, who participated typically for one to three years, the Battersby group included other members of the academic staff of the department, notably
1235:. Initially drafted in 2002 for a departmental symposium, it provides a candid account of his scientific journey from childhood to old age. The expanded book chapter published in 2005 was "written for the non-specialist audience" and includes many insights into the choices and decisions he made, for example to switch from alkaloid chemistry to the "pigments of life".
697:
40:
334:, on 4 March 1925, one of three children of William Battersby, a master plumber, and his wife Hilda née Rushton. At the age of 11 he entered Leigh Grammar School, where his chemistry teacher, Mr Evans, nurtured and encouraged him. He would have continued his schooling into the sixth form but for the fact that by age sixteen the
799:
was especially revealing of the rearrangement step which had puzzled those who wished to understand the details of the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen III. Based on these results, Battersby suggested that a spiro-pyrrolenine intermediate was generated at the active site of cosynthetase and to prove
929:
was synthesised and its behaviour compared with the natural system it was replacing. The small-molecule targets were porphyrins carrying substituents in positions where they would be unlikely to interfere with the electronic properties of the metal complex. By the time that he retired in 1992, this
1208:
In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic
2302:
2038:
Battersby, Alan R.; McDonald, Edward; Thompson, Mervyn; Chaudhry, Irshad A.; Clezy, Peter S.; Fookes, Christopher J. R.; Hai, Ton That (1985). "Isolation, crystallisation, and synthesis of the dimethyl ester of porphyrin a, the iron-free prosthetic group of cytochrome c oxidase".
420:
In 1954, Battersby was appointed a lecturer at the
University of Bristol, where he stayed until 1962. This was the period when his own research group of doctoral and post-doctoral students became established. In 1962 he was appointed as a professor of chemistry at
2471:
2086:
Block, Michael H.; Zimmerman, Steven C.; Henderson, Graeme B.; Turner, Simon P. D.; Westwood, Steven W.; Leeper, Finian J.; Battersby, Alan R. (1985). "Syntheses relevant to vitamin B12 biosynthesis: Synthesis of sirohydrochlorin and of its octamethyl ester".
1723:
2310:
366:, they both moved there and Battersby completed his PhD, which was awarded in 1949. He was immediately appointed an assistant lecturer at St Andrews. This first appointment extended from 1949 to 1953 but was interrupted by two years owing to a
543:"Roughly 100 g of emetine had been consumed in this work; modern tools would allow the structure of emetine to be determined in three days at most using about 10 mg of recoverable material (365 times faster using 10,000 times less material)."
1864:
Stark, W. M.; Hawker, C. J.; et al. (1993). "Biosynthesis of
Porphyrins and Related Macrocycles. Part 40. Synthesis of a Spiro-lactam Related to the Proposed Spiro-intermediate for Porphyrin Biosynthesis: Inhibition of Cosynthetase".
4023:
2062:
Micklefield, Jason; Beckmann, Marion; MacKman, Richard L.; Block, Michael H.; Leeper, Finian J.; Battersby, Alan R. (1997). "Haem d1: Stereoselective synthesis of the macrocycle to establish its absolute configuration as 2R,7R 1".
559:: when applied to alkaloids these allowed relationships in structural sub-types to be clarified. This meant that attention could switch to an understanding of the biosynthetic pathways by which these materials are produced in the
4499:
2479:
350:'s Chemistry Department, having won a scholarship to support his undergraduate studies. He graduated with first class honours in 1946 and that year obtained a Mercer Chemistry Research Scholarship (named in honour of
355:
4016:
4489:
591:. Battersby realised that these techniques could be used to study alkaloid biosynthesis and that it was timely to do so because simple one-carbon precursors had become commercially available. By using
599:
or, especially, C to follow intermediates on the pathway, he determined the sequence in which the multiple alkaloids found together in a given organism were formed. For example, the biosynthesis of
4479:
2202:
974:
by profession who died of cancer in 1997. They had two sons, Martin and
Stephen, four grandchildren and, after Margaret died, Alan acquired three great-grandchildren. In retirement, he enjoyed
4009:
3574:
4474:
3048:
841:, that the complete sequence of methylation and other steps could be determined thus fully establishing all the intermediates in the pathway. As Battersby wrote in his review article in
1038:
in 1989 for "their fundamental contributions to the elucidation of the mechanism of enzymic reactions and of the biosynthesis of natural products, in particular the pigments of life".
4222:
2332:
1127:
1109:
1094:
1088:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1049:
787:
synthesis. The most successful strategy was to incorporate the stable isotope C into potential substrates, since the outcome of the biochemical reactions (for example giving
4519:
3153:
2788:
2181:
1513:
866:
808:
470:
466:
446:
342:
in their local factory. He soon concluded that this decision had been a mistake and so used his spare time to study independently at
Salford Technical College for the
1209:
labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12.
852:, Battersby, Francis Blanche, Vladimir Bykhovski, Joel Crouzet, Gerhard Muller and A. Ian Scott; K. Bernhauer and David Shemin also made some early contributions."
4529:
401:
4524:
3567:
343:
1322:
4514:
2213:
1559:
1415:
3560:
358:
grant. These awards allowed him to complete an MSc (Manchester) in 1947 under the supervision of Dr Hal T Openshaw. When
Openshaw was appointed as a
474:
4504:
552:
339:
4484:
3146:
3090:
3037:
2910:
2822:
2160:
2127:
1582:
1301:
1023:
4033:
792:
1326:
1260:
434:
4072:
4205:
2238:
2343:
1534:
4469:
3116:
3069:
3016:
1493:
442:
2558:
2818:
2796:
1935:
3139:
704:
Battersby is, above all, known for his research on the biosynthesis of the "pigments of life" that are built on closely related
1256:
4316:
3700:
2638:
2396:
865:
This is a typical laboratory bench used by a PhD student in the
Battersby group in 1976. It was located in Lab 122 of the
713:
1829:
Frank, S.; et al. (2005). "Anaerobic synthesis of vitamin B12: characterization of the early steps in the pathway".
819:, especially the incorporation of the additional methyl groups of its structure, were investigated using methyl-labelled
4509:
4356:
3126:
2889:
2421:
1121:
800:
this mechanism his group designed and synthesised a spiro-lactam analogue which was indeed shown to inhibit the enzyme.
4214:
270:
29:
1351:
2763:
2738:
2143:
Baldwin, J.E.; Perlmutter, P. (1984). "Bridged, capped and fenced porphyrins.". In Vögtle, J. F.; Weber, E. (eds.).
1658:
Barton, D. H. R.; Battersby, A. R.; et al. (1965). "Investigations on the
Biosynthesis of Morphine Alkaloids".
4001:
3860:
2767:
2742:
2667:
2642:
2530:
2505:
2450:
2425:
1427:
2446:
519:
which has made them of considerable interest to researchers. Prior to the 1950s, experimentation, often involving
4494:
4276:
4048:
2692:
2663:
2526:
834:
829:
709:
2588:
4084:
3684:
2885:
1389:
1179:
999:
363:
347:
192:
95:
91:
2932:
2110:
Morgan, B.; Dolphin, D. (1987). "Synthesis and structure of biomimetic porphyrins.". In
Buchler, J.W. (ed.).
1696:
Battersby, Alan R. (1972). "Applications of tritium labeling for the exploration of biochemical mechanisms".
437:. At the time, this was the second Chair of Organic Chemistry at the university, created especially for him;
4376:
4261:
4107:
3940:
3884:
3676:
3652:
3481:
3433:
3163:
1027:
1007:
955:
426:
422:
351:
208:
4054:
1447:
4428:
4391:
4271:
4198:
4113:
3252:
3200:
1079:
1011:
1003:
959:
375:
359:
200:
196:
137:
2274:
1737:
Herbert, Richard B. (2001). "The biosynthesis of plant alkaloids and nitrogenous microbial metabolites".
4066:
3812:
3329:
2954:
820:
556:
319:
204:
861:
4171:
3112:
2863:
4464:
4459:
4130:
3852:
3376:
3339:
3266:
2592:
2501:
1785:
1019:
926:
788:
729:
520:
212:
2713:
1480:
Battersby, Alan (2005). "Chapter 11: Discovering the wonder of how Nature builds its molecules". In
4351:
4266:
3764:
3522:
3487:
3226:
3222:
3183:
1152:
1043:
824:
725:
717:
633:
367:
2688:
1284:
Leeper, Finian; McDonald, Ted (2022). "Battersby, Sir Alan
Rushton (1925–2018), organic chemist".
657:
3980:
3732:
3508:
3404:
3246:
3216:
2848:
2617:
1958:
1916:
1811:
1293:
1139:
1015:
951:
943:
524:
490:
346:
that would be required to enter university. In
October 1943, Battersby took up his place at the
283:
250:
2368:
1026:, and a Foreign Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences of India in 1990. He was awarded the
4183:
2843:
1509:
4361:
4331:
4311:
4306:
4191:
4136:
3900:
3836:
3748:
3660:
3518:
3471:
3443:
3256:
3242:
3236:
3086:
3065:
3033:
3012:
2156:
2123:
1993:
1908:
1846:
1803:
1772:
Battersby, Alan R.; Fookes, Christopher J. R.; Matcham, George W.J.; McDonald, Edward (1980).
1754:
1675:
1598:
Sonderhoff, R.; Thomas, H. (1937). "Die enzymatische Dehydrierung der Trideutero-essigsaure".
1578:
1489:
1439:
1297:
1170:
1133:
878:
780:
579:-labelled acetate could be used to investigate the biosynthesis of fats and steroids; by 1950
548:
331:
291:
178:
151:
67:
886:
4407:
4101:
4078:
4060:
3804:
3636:
3540:
3526:
3465:
3449:
3362:
3319:
3293:
3027:
3006:
2148:
2115:
2092:
2068:
2044:
2020:
1985:
1950:
1900:
1870:
1838:
1793:
1746:
1705:
1667:
1638:
1607:
1431:
1393:
1289:
947:
890:
874:
650:
523:
and partial or complete synthesis of possible structures, was necessary to determine their
509:
486:
482:
409:
335:
307:
278:
best known for his work to define the chemical intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to
237:
3131:
2249:
4241:
3972:
3796:
3668:
3620:
3491:
3439:
3345:
3297:
2400:
2177:
1158:
991:
939:
922:
838:
796:
721:
708:. His research group elucidated, in particular, the essential role played by two enzymes,
528:
303:
275:
182:
3372:
3061:
The Colours of Life: an Introduction to the Chemistry of Porphyrins and Related Compounds
938:
The work described above is a subset of a broader field which attempts to understand the
3120:
2566:
1789:
848:"One can get some appreciation of the massive effort that was involved by the groups of
370:
he obtained for post-doctoral study in the United States. The first year was spent with
4381:
4341:
4281:
3916:
3892:
3876:
3844:
3780:
3716:
3612:
3461:
3429:
3425:
3368:
3315:
3272:
3262:
1627:"Studies on the utilization of acetic acid for the biological synthesis of cholesterol"
1031:
849:
371:
1643:
4453:
4438:
4433:
4386:
4371:
4321:
4301:
4218:
4154:
4142:
3956:
3924:
3788:
3772:
3740:
3644:
3628:
3477:
3455:
3408:
3382:
3325:
3230:
3177:
2562:
2475:
1976:
Battersby, A. R. (2000). "Tetrapyrroles: the Pigments of Life. A Millennium review".
1232:
1201:
760:
681:
661:
642:
592:
379:
295:
1962:
893:. Another challenge requiring pure synthesis was to investigate the function of the
803:
4423:
4346:
4336:
4291:
4256:
3948:
3932:
3828:
3756:
3724:
3708:
3596:
3583:
3536:
3398:
3388:
3335:
3309:
3212:
3206:
2979:
1920:
1815:
1197:
1185:
906:
737:
705:
612:
516:
405:
397:
393:
315:
254:
158:
2472:"Battersby, Alan Rushton - Certificate of election as Fellow of the Royal Society"
3080:
3059:
441:
then held the first. In 1988, Professor Battersby was elected to the prestigious
4326:
3964:
3908:
3692:
3552:
1481:
1115:
1100:
979:
914:
749:
745:
588:
462:
453:
status within his college and department, reflecting his distinguished service.
386:
311:
279:
144:
3868:
3820:
3604:
3512:
3394:
3303:
3106:
1145:
1073:
1035:
898:
733:
669:
653:
628:
608:
536:
531:, was often difficult to fully describe. This, for example, was the case for
389:
338:
was underway and he decided that he should join the war effort by working for
130:
1611:
2152:
1954:
1626:
918:
776:
772:
764:
665:
620:
584:
580:
576:
438:
1997:
1904:
1850:
1758:
1679:
1443:
684:
drug was shown to derive from corynantheal, although it does not share its
461:
The full output of Battersby's work has been published in over 350, mainly
4366:
4296:
4286:
4251:
4246:
2112:
Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands I. Structure and Bonding, vol 64
1912:
1807:
696:
508:
are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain
3532:
2096:
2048:
1874:
1671:
971:
756:
646:
616:
604:
600:
560:
512:
505:
450:
299:
2613:
2024:
1709:
982:
but he also kept in touch with his many colleagues and former students.
473:. The group was funded by external grants, including those from the
2119:
1842:
1435:
1397:
910:
768:
763:. The work involved the careful study of labelled intermediates, using
677:
673:
624:
596:
572:
532:
383:
287:
2145:
Host Guest Complex Chemistry III. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 121
39:
2072:
1989:
1798:
1773:
1750:
975:
902:
894:
882:
784:
685:
568:
494:
430:
219:
449:
and held that post until his retirement in 1992 when he was granted
225:
3008:
Medicinal Natural Products. A Biosynthetic Approach. Second Edition
1774:"Biosynthesis of the pigments of life: formation of the macrocycle"
1486:
The 1702 chair of chemistry at Cambridge: transformation and change
575:
in which they are found. In 1937, Sonderhoff and Thomas showed how
1022:
in 1994. In 1988, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
860:
802:
695:
627:. The Battersby group worked on many other alkaloids, for example
564:
478:
1891:
Battersby, A. R. (1985). "Biosynthesis of the pigments of life".
925:, designing artificial targets wherein a single metal-containing
741:
638:
539:
and the subject of Battersby's PhD thesis. As he later commented
4187:
4005:
3556:
3135:
873:
The Battersby group's work on the biosynthesis of haem-related
4500:
Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry
3079:
T. O. Baldwin; F. M. Raushel; A. I. Scott, eds. (July 2013).
897:
that contained porphyrin-related ligands, or (in the case of
970:
Battersby married Margaret Ruth née Hart in 1949. She was a
954:
substrates to probe a number of enzyme systems, for example
2980:"Robert Burns Woodward Career Award in Porphyrin Chemistry"
2011:
Battersby, Alan R. (1993). "Biosynthesis of vitamin B12".
2559:"Alan Battersby's Biography on The Royal Society website"
950:. The Battersby group used their expertise in the use of
2089:
Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications
700:
Prof Alan Battersby lecturing on porphyrin biosynthesis.
649:
via (S)-autumnaline. Similarly, the biosynthesis of the
2693:
American Chemical Society Division of Organic Chemistry
4490:
Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
3082:
Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology: Fundamentals
2275:"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"
2065:
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1
2041:
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1
1414:
Thompson, S.; Wilson, A. J.; Battersby, A. R. (2013).
833:
was used, in which eight of the genes involved in the
290:
involved. His research group was also notable for its
1488:. Cambridge University Press. pp. xvi, 257–282.
1134:
Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize for Chemistry
4480:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
641:. This was shown to be derived from the amino acids
322:. Battersby died in February 2018 at the age of 92.
4416:
4400:
4229:
4164:
4123:
4094:
4041:
3501:
3418:
3355:
3286:
3193:
3170:
3047:K. M. Kadish; K. M. Smith; R Guilard, eds. (2000).
425:until, in 1969, he moved to a professorship at the
246:
236:
218:
188:
174:
126:
109:
101:
87:
75:
49:
23:
1575:The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology, Volume II
1323:"Sir Alan Battersby's 90th Birthday Celebrations"
795:. The Battersby group's use of doubly-C-labelled
274:(4 March 1925 – 10 February 2018) was an English
2182:Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
1514:Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
1346:
1344:
1231:Reference is, in effect, Sir Alan Battersby's
1206:
4199:
4017:
3568:
3147:
3064:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
2982:. Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines
881:. For example, they produced fully synthetic
791:) could readily be followed using high-field
8:
4475:Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
1167:Ivan Levinstein Memorial Lectureship (1992)
917:. Battersby chose to investigate mimics for
587:labelled acetate had been incorporated into
2203:"Masterlist - Honorary Graduates 1921-2012"
1886:
1884:
1554:
1552:
1317:
1315:
1313:
4206:
4192:
4184:
4024:
4010:
4002:
3575:
3561:
3553:
3154:
3140:
3132:
3119:
2422:"RSC Corday-Morgan Prize Previous Winners"
1691:
1689:
1560:"Google Scholar results for A R Battersby"
1294:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380419
1257:"Professor Sir Alan Battersby (1925-2018)"
930:area of chemistry had become very active.
376:Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
38:
20:
4520:Professors of chemistry (Cambridge, 1702)
2935:. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
2864:"August Wilhelm von Hofmann Prizewinners"
2639:"Natural Product Chemistry Award Winners"
2333:"Liverpool University Honorary Graduates"
1797:
1724:"Battersby group papers about colchicine"
1642:
1573:Manske R.H.F.; Holmes H.L., eds. (1952).
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1409:
1407:
1057:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1966
909:these properties without recourse to the
807:Prof Alan Battersby in his office in the
779:placed into potential precursors made by
396:. The second year involved a move to the
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
1936:"How Nature builds the pigments of life"
1386:Researches into the structure of Emetine
1379:
1377:
1164:August Wilhelm von Hofmann Prize (1992)
1140:Varro E. Tyler Distinguished Lectureship
226:Researches into the structure of Emetine
3107:Prof Sir Alan Battersby and Vitamin B12
2391:
2389:
2374:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2369:"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B"
1286:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1248:
1224:
553:nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
310:. He won numerous awards including the
4530:Alumni of the University of St Andrews
2589:"Recipients of Paul Karrer Gold Medal"
1279:
1277:
1151:Arun Guthikonda Memorial Lectureship,
692:Biosynthesis of the "Pigments of Life"
4525:People from Leigh, Greater Manchester
3029:Alkaloids. Nature's Curse or Blessing
2823:Purdue University College of Pharmacy
1535:"Alan Rushton Battersby publications"
1146:Wolf International Prize in Chemistry
1024:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
1420:Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
934:Stereochemistry of enzymic reactions
668:was shown to involve the precursors
2447:"RSC Tilden Prize Previous Winners"
1176:Hans-Herloff Inhoffen Medal (1997)
706:tetrapyrrolic structural frameworks
16:English organic chemist (1925–2018)
3050:The Porphyrin Handbook. Vols. 1-25
2789:"Antonio Feltrinelli Prizewinners"
1416:"Brief biography of A R Battersby"
14:
4515:Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates
3117:National Portrait Gallery, London
2866:. Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
2502:"Hugo MĂĽller Lectureship Winners"
1625:Little, H. N.; Bloch, K. (1950).
1327:St Catharine's College, Cambridge
1261:St Catharine's College, Cambridge
595:starting materials incorporating
547:These tools are the now-familiar
515:atoms. They have a wide range of
1831:Biochemical Society Transactions
1510:"Remembering Sir Alan Battersby"
1484:; Haley, Christopher D. (eds.).
857:Haem natural products and mimics
676:. To Alan Battersby's surprise,
318:in 2000. He was knighted in the
3113:Portraits of Sir Alan Battersby
2886:"Levinstein Memorial Lecturers"
2819:"Tyler Distinguished Lecturers"
2176:McDonald, Ted; Leeper, Finian.
1089:Natural Product Chemistry Award
4505:Recipients of the Copley Medal
4367:Herbert Muggleton Stanley
2844:"New Year's Honours List 1992"
2714:"Havinga Foundation Laureates"
2147:. Springer. pp. 181–220.
1867:J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1:
3109:St. Catharine's College video
2614:"Max Tishler Prize Lecturers"
2397:"The Wolf Prize in Chemistry"
1644:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56441-3
913:that in nature surrounds the
843:Accounts of Chemical Research
815:Later steps towards vitamin B
4485:Fellows of the Royal Society
2890:Society of Chemical Industry
1191:R. B. Woodward Award (2004)
603:was shown to proceed from L-
535:, used for the treatment of
368:Commonwealth Fund Fellowship
3058:Milgrom, Lionel R. (1997).
2911:"Tetrahedron Prize Winners"
1384:Battersby, Alan R. (1949).
631:, (from the autumn crocus
330:Alan Battersby was born in
4546:
3861:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2768:Royal Society of Chemistry
2743:Royal Society of Chemistry
2668:Royal Society of Chemistry
2643:Royal Society of Chemistry
2531:Royal Society of Chemistry
2506:Royal Society of Chemistry
2451:Royal Society of Chemistry
2426:Royal Society of Chemistry
1943:Pure and Applied Chemistry
1428:Royal Society of Chemistry
732:. The latter is the first
517:pharmacological activities
267:Sir Alan Rushton Battersby
116:William Battersby (father)
4252:Robert Ernest Davies
4049:Giovanni Francisco Vigani
4036:(University of Cambridge)
3591:
2764:"Robert Robinson Winners"
2739:"Longstaff Prize Winners"
2178:"Alan Battersby obituary"
1934:Battersby, A. R. (1993).
1352:"Battersby's obituary in
1085:Max Tishler Prize (1978)
835:biosynthesis of cobalamin
830:Pseudomonas denitrificans
637:) which is used to treat
410:pyruvate oxidation factor
344:Higher School Certificate
260:
167:
37:
4470:British organic chemists
3685:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
2955:"Welch Award Recipients"
2933:"Inhoffen Medal Winners"
2527:"Flintoff Medal Winners"
1612:10.1002/jlac.19375300116
1390:University of St Andrews
1180:Welch Award in Chemistry
1000:University of St Andrews
364:University of St Andrews
348:University of Manchester
326:Early life and education
193:University of St Andrews
96:University of St Andrews
92:University of Manchester
4143:Ralph Alexander Raphael
4137:Alexander Robertus Todd
4034:1702 Chair of Chemistry
3941:Frederick Charles Frank
3653:John Edensor Littlewood
3434:Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
3164:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
3026:Hesse, Manfred (2002).
3005:Dewick, Paul M (2002).
2153:10.1007/3-540-12821-2_6
1955:10.1351/pac199365061113
1062:Hugo MĂĽller Lectureship
1028:Wolf Prize in Chemistry
1008:University of Sheffield
956:histidine decarboxylase
443:1702 Chair of Chemistry
427:University of Cambridge
209:University of Liverpool
44:Battersby in his office
4429:Haldan Keffer Hartline
4332:James Dwyer McGee
4287:Kenneth Hutchison
4272:Francis Charles Fraser
4149:Alan Rushton Battersby
4114:George Downing Liveing
2718:Havinga Foundation.org
2664:"Pedler Award Winners"
1905:10.1098/rspb.1985.0047
1211:
1080:Paul Karrer Gold Medal
1012:Heriot-Watt University
1004:Rockefeller University
960:tyrosine decarboxylase
877:involved considerable
870:
854:
825:genetically engineered
812:
701:
545:
527:which, owing to their
435:St Catharine's College
402:University of Illinois
201:University of Illinois
197:Rockefeller University
138:Paul Karrer Gold Medal
119:Hilda Rushton (mother)
105:Margaret Ruth née Hart
54:Alan Rushton Battersby
3813:Robert Burns Woodward
3330:Samuel J. Danishefsky
2689:"Adams Award Winners"
1893:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B
1128:Robert Robinson Award
1106:Havinga Medal (1984)
864:
846:
823:. It was not until a
821:S-adenosyl methionine
806:
699:
557:X-ray crystallography
541:
320:1992 New Year Honours
302:biosynthesis and the
205:University of Bristol
4131:William Jackson Pope
3853:Rodney Robert Porter
3267:Raphael David Levine
3213:John Charles Polanyi
2593:University of Zurich
2239:"Honorary Graduates"
2210:www.st-andrews.ac.uk
2097:10.1039/C39850001061
2049:10.1039/P19850000135
1875:10.1039/P19930002875
1672:10.1039/JR9650002423
1122:Bakerian Lectureship
1020:Liverpool University
990:Battersby received
927:coordination complex
867:chemistry department
809:Cambridge department
789:uroporphyrinogen III
736:intermediate in the
730:uroporphyrinogen III
716:, in the steps from
521:chemical degradation
423:Liverpool University
298:precursors to study
213:Cambridge University
4510:Royal Medal winners
4352:Donald Hill Perkins
4297:Basil Kassanis
4267:John Samuel Forrest
3765:Nevill Francis Mott
3527:Benjamin F. Cravatt
3523:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
3488:Stephen L. Buchwald
3227:Harden M. McConnell
3223:Herbert S. Gutowsky
2799:on 3 September 2012
2349:on 20 February 2020
2340:www.liverpool.ac.uk
2246:www.sheffield.ac.uk
2025:10.1021/ar00025a003
1790:1980Natur.285...17B
1710:10.1021/ar50052a005
1153:Columbia University
1044:Corday Morgan Medal
992:Honorary Doctorates
726:hydroxymethylbilane
718:aminolevulinic acid
634:Colchicum autumnale
469:, Ted McDonald and
284:reaction mechanisms
4357:Mary Pickford
3981:John Maynard Smith
3733:Tadeusz Reichstein
3509:Leslie Leiserowitz
3405:William E. Moerner
3377:K. Barry Sharpless
3247:Albert Eschenmoser
3217:George C. Pimentel
2849:The London Gazette
2618:Harvard University
2569:on 18 January 2021
2303:"Honorary Degrees"
2255:on 29 October 2013
2120:10.1007/BFb0036791
1843:10.1042/BST0330811
1577:. Academic Press.
1537:. Academictree.org
1436:10.1039/C3OB90109B
1016:Bristol University
986:Honours and awards
871:
813:
702:
537:amoebic infections
491:Wolfson Foundation
400:department of the
251:Andrew D. Hamilton
25:Sir Alan Battersby
4447:
4446:
4408:Louis Mountbatten
4362:Heinz Otto Schild
4312:Desmond King-Hele
4307:Percy Edward Kent
4277:Harry Harris
4237:Alan R. Battersby
4181:
4180:
3999:
3998:
3837:Peter D. Mitchell
3749:Alexander R. Todd
3661:Macfarlane Burnet
3584:Copley Medallists
3550:
3549:
3519:Bonnie L. Bassler
3472:Robert G. Bergman
3444:Charles M. Lieber
3340:Gabor A. Somorjai
3277:Alan R. Battersby
3253:David C. Phillips
3243:Elias James Corey
3237:Rudolph A. Marcus
3162:Laureates of the
3127:Copley Medal site
3092:978-1-4757-9639-1
3053:. Academic Press.
3039:978-3-906390-24-6
2563:The Royal Society
2476:The Royal Society
2307:www.bristol.ac.uk
2162:978-3-540-12821-2
2129:978-3-540-17531-5
2067:(14): 2123–2138.
1869:(23): 2875–2892.
1600:Liebigs Ann. Chem
1584:978-1-4832-2197-7
1362:. 3 February 2018
1303:978-0-19-861412-8
1196:The Award of the
1171:Tetrahedron Prize
879:organic synthesis
549:mass spectrometry
525:chemical identity
382:, working on the
332:Leigh, Lancashire
308:enzymic reactions
264:
263:
247:Doctoral students
242:Dr Hal T Openshaw
179:Organic Chemistry
169:Scientific career
163:
156:
152:Tetrahedron Prize
142:
68:Leigh, Lancashire
4537:
4495:Knights Bachelor
4377:John Sutton
4262:Sam Edwards
4208:
4201:
4194:
4185:
4172:Matthew J. Gaunt
4102:Smithson Tennant
4079:Isaac Pennington
4061:John Mickleburgh
4026:
4019:
4012:
4003:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3805:Frederick Sanger
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3637:Patrick Blackett
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3554:
3541:Jeffery W. Kelly
3466:Stuart Schreiber
3450:Robert S. Langer
3363:F. Albert Cotton
3294:Richard R. Ernst
3156:
3149:
3142:
3133:
3123:
3096:
3075:
3054:
3043:
3022:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2795:. Archived from
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2565:. Archived from
2555:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2478:. Archived from
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2342:. Archived from
2337:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:on 19 April 2018
2309:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2248:. Archived from
2243:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2212:. Archived from
2207:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2073:10.1039/A700655A
2059:
2053:
2052:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1990:10.1039/B002635M
1973:
1967:
1966:
1949:(6): 1113–1122.
1940:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1801:
1799:10.1038/285017a0
1769:
1763:
1762:
1751:10.1039/A809393H
1734:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1477:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1446:. Archived from
1411:
1402:
1401:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1253:
1236:
1229:
952:tritium-labelled
948:enzyme catalysis
901:) used haem for
891:sirohydrochlorin
875:natural products
651:indole alkaloids
487:Hoffman-La Roche
483:Leverhulme Trust
336:Second World War
314:in 1984 and the
273:
238:Doctoral advisor
232:
183:Natural Products
161:
154:
149:
140:
135:
82:
79:10 February 2018
63:
61:
42:
32:
21:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4412:
4396:
4392:Fred White
4317:Francis Knowles
4242:Brooke Benjamin
4225:
4212:
4182:
4177:
4160:
4119:
4090:
4037:
4032:Holders of the
4030:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3973:James Lighthill
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3933:James D. Watson
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3797:Dorothy Hodgkin
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3669:Harold Jeffreys
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3621:E. T. Whittaker
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3581:
3551:
3546:
3497:
3492:John F. Hartwig
3440:Paul Alivisatos
3414:
3389:Richard N. Zare
3351:
3346:Raymond Lemieux
3298:Alexander Pines
3282:
3189:
3166:
3160:
3103:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3057:
3046:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3004:
3001:
2999:Further reading
2996:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2401:Wolf Foundation
2395:
2394:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2219:on 5 March 2016
2216:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1784:(5759): 17–21.
1771:
1770:
1766:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1482:Archer, Mary D.
1479:
1478:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1329:. 21 March 2015
1321:
1320:
1311:
1304:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1194:
1159:Knight Bachelor
1110:Longstaff Prize
988:
968:
940:stereochemistry
936:
923:cytochrome P450
905:-transport, by
859:
818:
797:porphobilinogen
785:enzyme-assisted
753:
722:porphobilinogen
694:
529:stereochemistry
503:
459:
418:
404:, working with
328:
304:stereochemistry
276:organic chemist
269:
253:
230:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
181:
157:
150:
147:
143:
136:
133:
122:
94:
88:Alma mater
80:
71:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
45:
33:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4543:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:Michael Szwarc
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4342:Arthur Mourant
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4282:Donald O. Hebb
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:Kenneth Budden
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:(2019–present)
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4085:William Farish
4082:
4076:
4073:Richard Watson
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:Alan Battersby
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3917:Sydney Brenner
3913:
3905:
3901:CĂ©sar Milstein
3897:
3893:Michael Atiyah
3889:
3881:
3877:Rudolf Peierls
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3845:John Cornforth
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3781:W. V. D. Hodge
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3717:Lawrence Bragg
3713:
3705:
3701:Sydney Chapman
3697:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3613:Albert Kluyver
3609:
3601:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3530:
3516:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3469:
3462:K. C. Nicolaou
3459:
3453:
3447:
3437:
3430:Ching Wan Tang
3426:Stuart A. Rice
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3369:Henri B. Kagan
3366:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3316:Richard Lerner
3313:
3307:
3301:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:Duilio Arigoni
3270:
3263:Joshua Jortner
3260:
3250:
3240:
3234:
3220:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3110:
3102:
3101:External links
3099:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3076:
3070:
3055:
3044:
3038:
3023:
3017:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2971:
2946:
2924:
2902:
2877:
2855:
2835:
2810:
2780:
2755:
2730:
2705:
2680:
2655:
2630:
2605:
2580:
2543:
2518:
2493:
2482:on 8 July 2019
2463:
2438:
2413:
2385:
2360:
2324:
2294:
2266:
2230:
2194:
2168:
2161:
2135:
2128:
2102:
2078:
2054:
2030:
2013:Acc. Chem. Res
2003:
1984:(6): 507–526.
1978:Nat. Prod. Rep
1968:
1926:
1899:(1238): 1–26.
1880:
1856:
1837:(4): 811–814.
1821:
1764:
1739:Nat. Prod. Rep
1729:
1715:
1704:(4): 148–154.
1698:Acc. Chem. Res
1685:
1650:
1617:
1590:
1583:
1565:
1548:
1526:
1501:
1494:
1461:
1450:on 11 May 2018
1403:
1373:
1340:
1309:
1302:
1273:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1068:Flintoff Medal
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1032:Duilio Arigoni
1018:in 1994 and
987:
984:
967:
964:
935:
932:
858:
855:
816:
751:
693:
690:
688:substructure.
502:
499:
458:
455:
417:
414:
406:Herbert Carter
372:Lyman C. Craig
327:
324:
262:
261:
258:
257:
248:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
222:
216:
215:
190:
186:
185:
176:
172:
171:
165:
164:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
117:
113:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
83:(aged 92)
77:
73:
72:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4542:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:David Whiffen
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Bruce Stocker
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:Georg Kreisel
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:Ralph Kekwick
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4219:Royal Society
4216:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4155:Steven V. Ley
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4108:James Cumming
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4004:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:Alan Cottrell
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3925:George Porter
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3789:Francis Crick
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3773:Andrew Huxley
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:Peter Medawar
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3645:Howard Florey
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:Ronald Fisher
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3482:Makoto Fujita
3479:
3478:Omar M. Yaghi
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:Chi-Huey Wong
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3409:Allen J. Bard
3406:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:Harry B. Gray
3381:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3326:Gilbert Stork
3324:
3321:
3320:Peter Schultz
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3231:John S. Waugh
3228:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:Carl Djerassi
3176:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3071:0-19-855380-3
3067:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:. Wiley-VCH.
3031:
3030:
3024:
3020:
3018:0-471-49640-5
3014:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2798:
2794:
2793:www.lincei.it
2790:
2784:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:: 2423–2438.
1665:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:J. Biol. Chem
1628:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1495:0-521-82873-2
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:: 6236–6241.
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1233:autobiography
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1202:Royal Society
1199:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:Award (1983)
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:, in 1977,
1001:
997:
993:
985:
983:
981:
977:
973:
966:Personal life
965:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
933:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
863:
856:
853:
851:
845:
844:
840:
839:overexpressed
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
810:
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:cofactor F430
758:
755:(cobalamin),
754:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
682:anti-malarial
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:catharanthine
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
643:phenylalanine
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:radiolabelled
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:, multi-atom
550:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Finian Leeper
468:
464:
463:peer-reviewed
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:and became a
428:
424:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:radiolabelled
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
259:
256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
228:
227:
223:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
160:
153:
146:
139:
132:
129:
125:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
78:
74:
69:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
22:
19:
4424:Jean Brachet
4347:Egon Pearson
4337:James Menter
4292:Alick Isaacs
4257:Richard Doll
4236:
4165:21st century
4148:
4124:20th century
4095:19th century
4042:18th century
3988:
3949:Frank Fenner
3829:Derek Barton
3757:Norman Pirie
3725:Bernard Katz
3709:Alan Hodgkin
3597:David Keilin
3537:Hiroaki Suga
3399:George Feher
3373:RyĹŤji Noyori
3336:Gerhard Ertl
3310:Ahmed Zewail
3276:
3207:Joseph Chatt
3201:Henry Eyring
3085:. Springer.
3081:
3060:
3049:
3028:
3007:
2984:. Retrieved
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2858:
2847:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2797:the original
2792:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2567:the original
2534:. Retrieved
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:the original
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2376:. Retrieved
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2344:the original
2339:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2282:www.hw.ac.uk
2281:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2245:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2214:the original
2209:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2171:
2144:
2138:
2114:. Springer.
2111:
2105:
2091:(16): 1061.
2088:
2081:
2064:
2057:
2040:
2033:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1946:
1942:
1929:
1896:
1892:
1866:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1745:(1): 50–65.
1742:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1701:
1697:
1663:
1660:J. Chem. Soc
1659:
1653:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1574:
1568:
1539:. Retrieved
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1504:
1485:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:the original
1423:
1419:
1385:
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1353:
1331:. Retrieved
1285:
1264:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1198:Copley Medal
1195:
1186:Copley Medal
1095:Pedler Award
1050:Tilden Medal
995:
989:
969:
937:
872:
847:
842:
828:
814:
738:biosynthesis
714:cosynthetase
703:
658:corynantheal
632:
613:salutaridine
546:
542:
504:
467:Jim Staunton
460:
419:
416:Later career
398:biochemistry
394:gramicidin S
329:
316:Copley Medal
266:
265:
255:Craig Hawker
224:
189:Institutions
168:
159:Copley Medal
81:(2018-02-10)
64:4 March 1925
18:
4465:2018 deaths
4460:1925 births
4327:Cyril Lucas
4157:(1992–2019)
4151:(1988–1992)
4145:(1972–1988)
4139:(1944–1971)
4133:(1908–1939)
4116:(1861–1908)
4110:(1815–1861)
4104:(1813–1815)
4087:(1794–1813)
4081:(1773–1793)
4075:(1764–1771)
4069:(1756–1764)
4067:John Hadley
4063:(1718–1756)
4057:(1713–1718)
4055:John Waller
4051:(1703–1713)
3965:Hugh Huxley
3909:Abdus Salam
3693:Paul Fildes
3586:(1951–2000)
3184:Herman Mark
2573:17 February
1606:: 195–213.
1398:10023/11240
1116:Royal Medal
1101:Roger Adams
1030:along with
980:fly-fishing
915:active site
899:haemoglobin
746:chlorophyll
734:macrocyclic
589:cholesterol
387:antibiotics
352:John Mercer
312:Royal Medal
280:vitamin B12
145:Royal Medal
4454:Categories
4439:André Weil
4434:Louis NĂ©el
4401:Statute 12
3885:Robin Hill
3869:Aaron Klug
3821:Max Perutz
3677:Hans Krebs
3605:Paul Dirac
3513:Meir Lahav
3395:Ada Yonath
3304:John Pople
3257:David Blow
2959:Welch1.org
2913:. Elsevier
1356:newspaper"
1243:References
1214:References
1204:was made:
1074:Davy Medal
1055:Elected a
1036:ETH Zurich
996:alma mater
827:strain of
670:tryptamine
654:ajmalicine
629:colchicine
609:reticuline
447:department
390:tyrocidine
131:Davy Medal
60:1925-03-04
3011:. Wiley.
2019:: 15–21.
1637:: 33–46.
1360:The Times
1354:The Times
1014:in 1987,
1010:in 1986,
994:from his
944:mechanism
919:myoglobin
907:mimicking
837:had been
765:deuterium
750:vitamin B
710:deaminase
666:vindoline
621:codeinone
577:deuterium
506:Alkaloids
501:Alkaloids
439:Lord Todd
292:synthesis
70:, England
4221:elected
3533:Chuan He
3401:(2006/7)
3332:(1995/6)
3322:(1994/5)
3239:(1984/5)
3233:(1983/4)
1998:11152419
1963:83942303
1851:16042604
1759:11245400
1680:14288334
1444:23963504
972:botanist
757:sirohaem
647:tyrosine
617:thebaine
605:tyrosine
601:morphine
561:bacteria
513:nitrogen
457:Research
451:emeritus
380:New York
354:) and a
300:alkaloid
282:and the
4417:Foreign
4230:Fellows
4223:in 1966
4217:of the
4215:Fellows
3115:at the
2043:: 135.
1921:2022475
1913:2863821
1816:9070849
1808:6769048
1786:Bibcode
1541:21 July
1388:(PhD).
1200:of the
1188:(2000)
1182:(2000)
1173:(1995)
1161:(1992)
1148:(1989)
1142:(1987)
1136:(1986)
1130:(1986)
1124:(1984)
1118:(1984)
1112:(1984)
1097:(1980)
1091:(1979)
1082:(1977)
1076:(1977)
1070:(1975)
1064:(1972)
1052:(1963)
1046:(1959)
911:protein
895:enzymes
887:haem d1
850:Arigoni
781:organic
769:tritium
678:quinine
674:loganin
625:codeine
597:tritium
573:animals
533:emetine
445:in his
384:peptide
374:at the
362:at the
288:enzymes
286:of the
155:(1995)
110:Parents
3991:(2000)
3983:(1999)
3975:(1998)
3967:(1997)
3959:(1996)
3951:(1995)
3943:(1994)
3935:(1993)
3927:(1992)
3919:(1991)
3911:(1990)
3903:(1989)
3895:(1988)
3887:(1987)
3879:(1986)
3871:(1985)
3863:(1984)
3855:(1983)
3847:(1982)
3839:(1981)
3831:(1980)
3823:(1979)
3815:(1978)
3807:(1977)
3799:(1976)
3791:(1975)
3783:(1974)
3775:(1973)
3767:(1972)
3759:(1971)
3751:(1970)
3743:(1969)
3735:(1968)
3727:(1967)
3719:(1966)
3711:(1965)
3703:(1964)
3695:(1963)
3687:(1962)
3679:(1961)
3671:(1960)
3663:(1959)
3655:(1958)
3647:(1957)
3639:(1956)
3631:(1955)
3623:(1954)
3615:(1953)
3607:(1952)
3599:(1951)
3543:(2023)
3529:(2022)
3515:(2021)
3494:(2019)
3484:(2018)
3474:(2017)
3468:(2016)
3458:(2014)
3452:(2013)
3446:(2012)
3436:(2011)
3411:(2008)
3391:(2005)
3385:(2004)
3379:(2001)
3365:(2000)
3348:(1999)
3342:(1998)
3312:(1993)
3306:(1992)
3300:(1991)
3279:(1989)
3269:(1988)
3259:(1987)
3249:(1986)
3219:(1982)
3209:(1981)
3203:(1980)
3186:(1979)
3180:(1978)
3089:
3068:
3036:
3015:
2486:11 May
2187:20 May
2159:
2126:
1996:
1961:
1919:
1911:
1849:
1814:
1806:
1778:Nature
1757:
1678:
1581:
1492:
1442:
1426:(37).
1300:
1155:(1991)
1006:, the
976:hiking
903:oxygen
883:haem a
686:indole
680:, the
569:plants
495:Zeneca
489:, the
481:, the
477:, the
431:Fellow
360:Reader
231:(1949)
229:
220:Thesis
175:Fields
162:(2000)
148:(1984)
141:(1977)
134:(1977)
127:Awards
102:Spouse
3502:2020s
3419:2010s
3356:2000s
3287:1990s
3194:1980s
3171:1970s
2986:1 May
2964:1 May
2939:1 May
2917:1 May
2895:1 May
2870:1 May
2828:1 May
2803:1 May
2773:1 May
2748:1 May
2723:1 May
2698:1 May
2673:1 May
2648:1 May
2623:1 May
2598:1 May
2536:1 May
2511:1 May
2456:1 May
2431:1 May
2406:1 May
2378:1 May
2372:(PDF)
2353:1 May
2347:(PDF)
2336:(PDF)
2317:1 May
2287:1 May
2278:(PDF)
2259:1 May
2253:(PDF)
2242:(PDF)
2223:1 May
2217:(PDF)
2206:(PDF)
1959:S2CID
1939:(PDF)
1917:S2CID
1812:S2CID
1519:1 May
1454:1 May
1366:1 May
1333:1 May
1266:1 May
1219:Notes
793:C NMR
565:fungi
510:basic
479:EPSRC
3087:ISBN
3066:ISBN
3034:ISBN
3013:ISBN
2988:2018
2966:2018
2941:2018
2919:2018
2897:2018
2872:2018
2830:2018
2805:2018
2775:2018
2750:2018
2725:2018
2700:2018
2675:2018
2650:2018
2625:2018
2600:2018
2575:2023
2538:2018
2513:2018
2488:2018
2458:2018
2433:2018
2408:2018
2380:2018
2355:2018
2319:2018
2289:2018
2261:2018
2225:2018
2189:2018
2157:ISBN
2124:ISBN
1994:PMID
1909:PMID
1847:PMID
1804:PMID
1755:PMID
1676:PMID
1579:ISBN
1543:2020
1521:2018
1490:ISBN
1456:2018
1440:PMID
1368:2018
1335:2018
1298:ISBN
1268:2018
998:the
978:and
958:and
942:and
921:and
889:and
775:and
759:and
742:haem
724:and
720:via
712:and
672:and
664:and
645:and
639:gout
623:and
607:via
583:and
571:and
555:and
493:and
475:SERC
392:and
356:DSIR
340:BICC
76:Died
50:Born
2149:doi
2116:doi
2093:doi
2069:doi
2045:doi
2021:doi
1986:doi
1951:doi
1901:doi
1897:225
1871:doi
1839:doi
1794:doi
1782:285
1747:doi
1706:doi
1668:doi
1639:doi
1635:183
1608:doi
1604:530
1432:doi
1394:hdl
1290:doi
1034:of
946:of
783:or
740:of
728:to
656:,
485:,
433:of
408:on
306:of
294:of
271:FRS
30:FRS
4456::
3539:/
3535:/
3525:/
3521:/
3511:/
3490:/
3480:/
3464:/
3442:/
3432:/
3428:/
3407:/
3397:/
3375:/
3371:/
3338:/
3328:/
3318:/
3296:/
3275:/
3265:/
3255:/
3245:/
3229:/
3225:/
3215:/
2957:.
2888:.
2846:.
2821:.
2791:.
2766:.
2741:.
2716:.
2691:.
2666:.
2641:.
2616:.
2591:.
2561:.
2546:^
2529:.
2504:.
2474:.
2449:.
2424:.
2399:.
2388:^
2338:.
2305:.
2280:.
2244:.
2208:.
2180:.
2155:.
2122:.
2017:26
2015:.
1992:.
1982:17
1980:.
1957:.
1947:65
1945:.
1941:.
1915:.
1907:.
1895:.
1883:^
1845:.
1835:33
1833:.
1810:.
1802:.
1792:.
1780:.
1776:.
1753:.
1743:18
1741:.
1700:.
1688:^
1674:.
1664:65
1662:.
1633:.
1629:.
1602:.
1551:^
1512:.
1464:^
1438:.
1424:11
1422:.
1418:.
1406:^
1392:.
1376:^
1358:.
1343:^
1325:.
1312:^
1296:.
1288:.
1276:^
1259:.
962:.
885:,
817:12
771:,
767:,
752:12
748:,
744:,
660:,
619:,
615:,
611:,
567:,
563:,
497:.
412:.
378:,
4207:e
4200:t
4193:v
4025:e
4018:t
4011:v
3576:e
3569:t
3562:v
3155:e
3148:t
3141:v
3095:.
3074:.
3042:.
3021:.
2990:.
2968:.
2943:.
2921:.
2899:.
2874:.
2852:.
2832:.
2807:.
2777:.
2752:.
2727:.
2702:.
2677:.
2652:.
2627:.
2602:.
2577:.
2540:.
2515:.
2490:.
2460:.
2435:.
2410:.
2382:.
2357:.
2321:.
2291:.
2263:.
2227:.
2191:.
2165:.
2151::
2132:.
2118::
2099:.
2095::
2075:.
2071::
2051:.
2047::
2027:.
2023::
2000:.
1988::
1965:.
1953::
1923:.
1903::
1877:.
1873::
1853:.
1841::
1818:.
1796::
1788::
1761:.
1749::
1726:.
1712:.
1708::
1702:5
1682:.
1670::
1647:.
1641::
1614:.
1610::
1587:.
1562:.
1545:.
1523:.
1498:.
1458:.
1434::
1400:.
1396::
1370:.
1337:.
1306:.
1292::
1270:.
869:.
811:.
777:C
773:C
585:C
581:C
62:)
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
