31:
307:
253:, which, in Alabama, is a misdemeanor and carries a maximum sentence of one year in prison and a $ 2,000 fine. The court repeatedly warned Shelton of the dangers of representing himself during the trial, yet failed to offer him counsel. He represented himself both in the local court, where he was convicted, and the Alabama
292:
It is not true that only those criminal proceedings result-ing in immediate actual imprisonment trigger an indigent defendant's right to state-appointed counsel under the
Federal Constitution's Sixth Amendment, for (1) no person may be imprisoned for any offense unless the person was represented by
271:
The
Supreme Court of Alabama stated that: (1) a defendant may not be sentenced to a term of imprisonment absent provision of counsel; and (2) for purposes of this rule, a suspended sentence constitutes a "term of imprisonment," even though incarceration is not immediate or inevitable.
296:...does the Sixth Amendment permit activation of a suspended sentence upon the defendant's violation of the terms of probation? We conclude that it does not. A suspended sentence is a prison term imposed for the offense of conviction.
1780:
293:
counsel at trial; and (2) the Sixth
Amendment inquiry trains on the stage of the proceed-ings where the defendant's guilt is adjudicated, eligibility for imprisonment established, and prison sentence determined.
288:
A suspended sentence that may end up in the actual deprivation of a person's liberty may not be imposed unless the defendant was accorded the guiding hand of counsel in the prosecution for the crime charged.
1795:
369:
97:
72:
446:
216:
1697:
96:
Defendant convicted, Alabama
Circuit Court; affirmed, 851 So. 2d 83 (Ala. Crim. App. 1998); sentence reversed, 851 So. 2d 96 (Ala. 2000); certiorari granted,
1770:
1731:
437:
268:
found that it was not compulsory to offer the defendant counsel for a suspended sentence because the sentence did not result in actual confinement.
1775:
1538:
830:
1311:
742:
592:
230:
35:
1790:
1497:
265:
1458:
1359:
1172:
1009:
974:
750:
1340:
430:
1196:
889:
281:
766:
675:
114:
A suspended sentence that may result in incarceration may not be imposed if defendant did not have counsel at trial.
1402:
715:
707:
1291:
1084:
862:
699:
611:
472:
1785:
1677:
1506:
1485:
1188:
1092:
854:
838:
814:
619:
488:
1546:
1266:
1108:
993:
966:
958:
798:
643:
423:
398:
1450:
1220:
1140:
806:
758:
576:
145:
1707:
1562:
1522:
1426:
782:
651:
373:
234:
101:
64:
659:
311:
1586:
1530:
1418:
1410:
1212:
1065:
790:
496:
380:
1715:
1618:
1434:
1303:
1164:
1156:
1148:
897:
635:
584:
460:
173:
1739:
1685:
1610:
1578:
1319:
1180:
1044:
929:
921:
691:
683:
538:
258:
82:
888; 02 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 4307; 2002 Daily
Journal D.A.R. 5472; 15 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 281
1602:
1594:
1442:
1386:
1378:
1247:
1124:
1001:
937:
913:
905:
734:
137:
129:
1723:
1642:
1570:
1514:
1228:
1100:
846:
345:: One Small Step for Man, One Very Small Step for the Sixth Amendment's Right to Counsel".
1132:
1116:
949:
774:
480:
169:
157:
415:
1658:
1634:
1626:
1394:
881:
667:
389:
181:
149:
328:
to
Fulfill the Right of a Criminal Defendant to Counsel at the Expense of the State".
1764:
1650:
1204:
822:
627:
254:
1554:
530:
517:
241:) must be provided for the accused in order to impose a suspended prison sentence.
161:
67:
257:, where he was also convicted. However, the Circuit Court gave Shelton a 30-day
306:
79:
407:
250:
238:
1338:
1289:
1063:
1032:
557:
515:
458:
419:
30:
1781:
United States Sixth
Amendment appointment of counsel case law
1796:
United States
Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
324:
Kitai, Rinat (2004). "What
Remains Necessary following
198:
Ginsburg, joined by
Stevens, O'Connor, Souter, Breyer
1696:
1669:
1496:
1477:
1370:
1351:
1258:
1239:
1076:
985:
948:
873:
726:
603:
568:
210:
202:
194:
189:
118:
108:
92:
87:
59:
49:
42:
23:
284:affirmed the Supreme Court of Alabama's decision.
286:
431:
8:
206:Scalia, joined by Rehnquist, Kennedy, Thomas
1348:
1335:
1286:
1073:
1060:
1029:
565:
554:
512:
455:
438:
424:
416:
20:
1732:Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California
249:Shelton was accused of third-degree
18:2002 United States Supreme Court case
7:
831:Southern Union Co. v. United States
330:Ohio Northern University Law Review
233:case in which the Court upheld the
1312:United States v. Valenzuela-Bernal
743:Almendarez-Torres v. United States
593:Blanton v. City of North Las Vegas
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
1771:United States Supreme Court cases
1259:Restrictions on cross-examination
376:654 (2002) is available from:
305:
29:
1360:United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez
1776:2002 in United States case law
1173:Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts
676:Rosales-Lopez v. United States
341:Stambaugh, Joshua S. (2004). "
1:
447:United States Sixth Amendment
229:, 535 U.S. 654 (2002), was a
1341:Assistance of Counsel Clause
890:Rassmussen v. United States
282:United States Supreme Court
231:United States Supreme Court
1812:
1240:Face-to-face confrontation
1010:Peña-Rodriguez v. Colorado
708:McDonnell v. United States
408:Oyez (oral argument audio)
237:'s ruling that counsel (a
1347:
1334:
1298:
1292:Compulsory Process Clause
1285:
1085:Reynolds v. United States
1072:
1059:
1039:
1028:
863:Erlinger v. United States
716:United States v. Tsarnaev
700:Skilling v. United States
612:Reynolds v. United States
564:
553:
525:
511:
473:Klopfer v. North Carolina
467:
454:
266:Criminal Court of Appeals
215:
123:
113:
54:Alabama v. LeReed Shelton
28:
1791:Legal history of Alabama
1678:Massiah v. United States
1507:Strickland v. Washington
1486:Glasser v. United States
1459:Nichols v. United States
1189:Bullcoming v. New Mexico
1093:Dowdell v. United States
855:United States v. Haymond
839:Alleyne v. United States
815:Cunningham v. California
620:Glasser v. United States
489:Doggett v. United States
261:and 2 years' probation.
43:Argued February 19, 2002
1547:Glover v. United States
1267:Chambers v. Mississippi
1109:Bruton v. United States
1077:Out-of-court statements
994:Tanner v. United States
986:Impeachment of verdicts
967:Burton v. United States
959:United States v. Dawson
799:United States v. Booker
767:Harris v. United States
644:Witherspoon v. Illinois
1670:Uncounseled statements
1498:Ineffective assistance
1451:Pennsylvania v. Finley
1221:Samia v. United States
1141:Crawford v. Washington
975:Smith v. United States
807:Washington v. Recuenco
759:Apprendi v. New Jersey
751:Jones v. United States
577:Cheff v. Schnackenberg
298:
1708:Faretta v. California
1563:Woodford v. Visciotti
1523:Kimmelman v. Morrison
1427:Argersinger v. Hamlin
783:Blakely v. Washington
652:Ham v. South Carolina
559:Impartial Jury Clause
347:Pepperdine Law Review
235:Alabama Supreme Court
217:U.S. Const. amend. VI
78:122 S. Ct. 1764; 152
1587:Wright v. Van Patten
1531:Lockhart v. Fretwell
1419:Anders v. California
1411:Gideon v. Wainwright
1213:Hemphill v. New York
1197:Williams v. Illinois
1066:Confrontation Clause
791:Schriro v. Summerlin
497:Betterman v. Montana
276:Opinion of the Court
45:Decided May 20, 2002
1716:McKaskle v. Wiggins
1619:Padilla v. Kentucky
1435:Gagnon v. Scarpelli
1403:Hamilton v. Alabama
1304:Washington v. Texas
1165:Giles v. California
1157:Whorton v. Bockting
1149:Davis v. Washington
898:Williams v. Florida
636:Sheppard v. Maxwell
585:Duncan v. Louisiana
461:Speedy Trial Clause
399:Library of Congress
174:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
146:Sandra Day O'Connor
1740:Indiana v. Edwards
1686:Brewer v. Williams
1611:Porter v. McCollum
1579:Holland v. Jackson
1539:Williams v. Taylor
1467:Alabama v. Shelton
1320:Taylor v. Illinois
1181:Michigan v. Bryant
1045:Rabe v. Washington
1034:Information Clause
930:Ramos v. Louisiana
922:Burch v. Louisiana
874:Size and unanimity
692:Morgan v. Illinois
684:Wainwright v. Witt
539:Presley v. Georgia
366:Alabama v. Shelton
343:Alabama v. Shelton
326:Alabama v. Shelton
312:Alabama v. Shelton
259:suspended sentence
226:Alabama v. Shelton
134:Associate Justices
24:Alabama v. Shelton
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1603:Wong v. Belmontes
1595:Bobby v. Van Hook
1443:Scott v. Illinois
1387:Johnson v. Zerbst
1379:Powell v. Alabama
1330:
1329:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1248:Maryland v. Craig
1125:Illinois v. Allen
1055:
1054:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1002:Warger v. Shauers
938:Edwards v. Vannoy
914:Ballew v. Georgia
906:Apodaca v. Oregon
735:Walton v. Arizona
549:
548:
507:
506:
310:Works related to
222:
221:
130:William Rehnquist
1803:
1724:Rock v. Arkansas
1643:Lafler v. Cooper
1571:Wiggins v. Smith
1515:Nix v. Whiteside
1349:
1336:
1287:
1229:Smith v. Arizona
1101:Pointer v. Texas
1074:
1061:
1030:
847:Hurst v. Florida
660:Ristaino v. Ross
566:
555:
513:
456:
440:
433:
426:
417:
412:
406:
403:
397:
394:
388:
385:
379:
354:
337:
309:
119:Court membership
104:1018 (2001).
33:
32:
21:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1786:2002 in Alabama
1761:
1760:
1759:
1746:
1692:
1665:
1492:
1473:
1366:
1343:
1326:
1294:
1273:
1254:
1235:
1133:Ohio v. Roberts
1117:Frazier v. Cupp
1068:
1051:
1035:
1016:
981:
950:Vicinage Clause
944:
869:
775:Ring v. Arizona
722:
599:
560:
545:
521:
503:
481:Barker v. Wingo
463:
450:
444:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
386:
383:
377:
361:
340:
323:
320:
318:Further reading
303:
278:
247:
172:
170:Clarence Thomas
160:
158:Anthony Kennedy
148:
138:John P. Stevens
83:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1700:representation
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:Garza v. Idaho
1655:
1647:
1639:
1635:Premo v. Moore
1631:
1627:Sears v. Upton
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1395:Betts v. Brady
1391:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1006:
998:
989:
987:
983:
982:
980:
979:
971:
963:
954:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
934:
926:
918:
910:
902:
894:
886:
882:Maxwell v. Dow
877:
875:
871:
870:
868:
867:
859:
851:
843:
835:
827:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
755:
747:
739:
730:
728:
724:
723:
721:
720:
712:
704:
696:
688:
680:
672:
668:Adams v. Texas
664:
656:
648:
640:
632:
624:
616:
607:
605:
601:
600:
598:
597:
589:
581:
572:
570:
562:
561:
558:
551:
550:
547:
546:
544:
543:
535:
526:
523:
522:
516:
509:
508:
505:
504:
502:
501:
493:
485:
477:
468:
465:
464:
459:
452:
451:
445:
443:
442:
435:
428:
420:
414:
413:
381:Google Scholar
360:
359:External links
357:
356:
355:
338:
319:
316:
314:at Wikisource
302:
299:
277:
274:
246:
243:
220:
219:
213:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
185:
184:
182:Stephen Breyer
150:Antonin Scalia
135:
132:
127:
121:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:Buck v. Davis
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:Conflict-free
1476:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:Ohio v. Clark
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
991:
990:
988:
984:
977:
976:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
960:
956:
955:
953:
951:
947:
940:
939:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
923:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
883:
879:
878:
876:
872:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
824:
823:Oregon v. Ice
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
792:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
768:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
752:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
736:
732:
731:
729:
725:
718:
717:
713:
710:
709:
705:
702:
701:
697:
694:
693:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
629:
628:Irvin v. Dowd
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
606:
602:
595:
594:
590:
587:
586:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
571:
567:
563:
556:
552:
541:
540:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
524:
519:
514:
510:
499:
498:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
474:
470:
469:
466:
462:
457:
453:
448:
441:
436:
434:
429:
427:
422:
421:
418:
409:
400:
391:
382:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
358:
353:(2): 609–659.
352:
348:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
321:
317:
315:
313:
308:
300:
297:
294:
290:
285:
283:
275:
273:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
255:Circuit Court
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:Case opinions
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:Chief Justice
125:
124:
122:
117:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1684:
1676:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1555:Bell v. Cone
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1484:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1358:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1265:
1246:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1043:
1008:
1000:
992:
973:
970:(1905, 1906)
965:
957:
936:
928:
920:
912:
904:
896:
888:
880:
861:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
813:
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
741:
733:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
650:
642:
634:
626:
618:
610:
604:Impartiality
591:
583:
575:
569:Availability
537:
531:In re Oliver
529:
518:Public Trial
495:
487:
479:
471:
365:
350:
346:
342:
333:
329:
325:
304:
295:
291:
287:
279:
270:
263:
248:
225:
224:
223:
211:Laws applied
177:
165:
162:David Souter
153:
141:
88:Case history
71:
53:
15:
1371:Appointment
727:Facts found
336:(1): 35–58.
1765:Categories
245:Background
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
449:case law
364:Text of
301:See also
195:Majority
251:assault
203:Dissent
109:Holding
1743:(2008)
1735:(2000)
1727:(1987)
1719:(1984)
1711:(1975)
1698:Pro se
1689:(1977)
1681:(1963)
1662:(2019)
1654:(2017)
1646:(2012)
1638:(2011)
1630:(2010)
1622:(2010)
1614:(2009)
1606:(2009)
1598:(2009)
1590:(2008)
1582:(2004)
1574:(2003)
1566:(2002)
1558:(2002)
1550:(2001)
1542:(2000)
1534:(1993)
1526:(1986)
1518:(1986)
1510:(1984)
1489:(1942)
1470:(2002)
1462:(1994)
1454:(1987)
1446:(1979)
1438:(1973)
1430:(1972)
1422:(1967)
1414:(1963)
1406:(1961)
1398:(1942)
1390:(1938)
1382:(1932)
1363:(2006)
1352:Choice
1323:(1988)
1315:(1982)
1307:(1967)
1270:(1973)
1251:(1990)
1232:(2024)
1224:(2023)
1216:(2022)
1208:(2015)
1200:(2012)
1192:(2011)
1184:(2011)
1176:(2009)
1168:(2008)
1160:(2007)
1152:(2006)
1144:(2004)
1136:(1980)
1128:(1970)
1120:(1969)
1112:(1968)
1104:(1965)
1096:(1911)
1088:(1878)
1048:(1972)
1013:(2017)
1005:(2014)
997:(1987)
978:(2023)
962:(1853)
941:(2021)
933:(2020)
925:(1979)
917:(1978)
909:(1972)
901:(1970)
893:(1905)
885:(1900)
866:(2024)
858:(2019)
850:(2016)
842:(2013)
834:(2012)
826:(2009)
818:(2007)
810:(2006)
802:(2005)
794:(2004)
786:(2004)
778:(2002)
770:(2002)
762:(2000)
754:(1999)
746:(1998)
738:(1990)
719:(2022)
711:(2016)
703:(2010)
695:(1992)
687:(1985)
679:(1981)
671:(1980)
663:(1976)
655:(1973)
647:(1968)
639:(1966)
631:(1961)
623:(1942)
615:(1878)
596:(1989)
588:(1968)
580:(1966)
542:(2010)
534:(1948)
520:Clause
500:(2016)
492:(1992)
484:(1972)
476:(1967)
411:
405:
402:
396:
393:
390:Justia
387:
384:
378:
239:lawyer
180:
178:·
176:
168:
166:·
164:
156:
154:·
152:
144:
142:·
140:
372:
100:
93:Prior
374:U.S.
280:The
264:The
102:U.S.
73:more
65:U.S.
63:535
370:535
98:532
68:654
1767::
368:,
351:31
349:.
334:30
332:.
439:e
432:t
425:v
76:)
70:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
