798:
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428:"The Belarusian national revival should be understood as an evolutionary, cultural process, which until now has been suppressed by violent measures of the police state and which now, under the conditions of free democratic statehood, must develop naturally and eventually lead to independent Belarusian culture. This process will take time as it is dependent on the maturity of intellectual forces within our country, which cannot be created by an administrative order of the state authorities."
360:Ćvikievič authored 6 monographs and brochures, as well as numerous articles, essays, and publications in the Belarusian press during his lifetime. He explored the issues of the Belarusian national revival, the formation of socio-political thought in Belarus and the formation and development of Belarusian statehood and Belarusian national identity. He is considered "one of the outstanding Belarusian historians".
390:
909:
772:
51:
316:
310:, Ćvikievič decided to recognise Minsk as the only centre of the Belarusian national revival. He resigned as Prime Minister in exile and returned to Soviet Belarus. He worked in the People's Commissariat of Finance and as a scientific secretary at the
374:, which he described as an instrument of cultural assimilation of Belarusians. In his primary monograph, "Westrussianism: Essays on the History of Public Thought in Belarus in the XIX and early XX centuries" (
655:
634:
445:
The Road to the First
Belarusian State: Nation-Building in the Context of the First World War and Revolution by Lizaveta Kasmach, Department of History and Classics University of Alberta (2016), p.25
267:
and the establishment of a
Belarusian chamber of commerce in that city. In May 1918, the Belarusian mission addressed a Russian peace delegation and handed over a note signed by Ćvikievič and
409:"; Kiev 1918) in which Ćvikievič gave a brief account of the history of the last stages of the Belarusian national movement and justified the struggle of the Belarusian people for statehood;
635:"Selected Bibliography of works on the struggle for Belarusian Independence 1900-1921 in the Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library in London – Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic"
797:
686:
185:
in exile for two years, from 23 August 1923, until
October 1925. His interest featured philosophy and history. He worked as a jurist and lawyer. He was also a professor at the
1056:
518:[Aliaksandr Cvikievič: worked in Pružany, headed the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, was sent in exile, and, on 30 September 1937, was executed].
369:
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to Brest for peace talks. However, they could not secure admission to participate in the talks as a separate
Belarusian delegation (admission was blocked by
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1031:
325:
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276:
260:
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386:
of
Belarus during the Russian Empire. The monograph was banned almost immediately after its publication and almost all its circulation was destroyed.
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306:
At the Second All-Belarusian
Conference in Berlin in 1925, influenced by the successes and achievements of the policy of Belarusianisation in the
186:
307:
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251:
as part of a diplomatic mission, during which Ćvikievič resolved open issues of the
Belarusian-Ukrainian border, sought recognition of the
1026:
996:
991:
672:
1046:
695:
553:Рэпрэсаваныя літаратары, навукоўцы, работнікі асветы, грамадскія і культурныя дзеячы Беларусі. 1794-1991: ЦВІКЕВІЧ Аляксандр Іванавіч
703:
455:"Аляксандр Цвікевіч: працаваў у Пружанах, узначальваў БНР, выслалі, а 30 снежня 1937г. - расстралялі - pruzhany.net" . pruzhany.net
1016:
866:
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406:
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241:
340:. In 1935, the term of exile was extended by further 2 years. In December 1937, he was re-arrested and sentenced to death.
1036:
876:
229:
83:
348:Ćvikievič was executed in Minsk on 30 December 1937. He was posthumously exonerated from all charges during Gorbachev's
228:
In 1917, Ćvikievič became one of the founders of a
Belarusian society in Moscow and later that year participated in the
233:
1011:
311:
204:
In 1912 he graduated from the
Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University and for several years worked as a juror in
516:"Аляксандр Цвікевіч: працаваў у Пружанах, узначальваў БНР, выслалі, а 30 снежня 1937г. - расстралялі - pruzhany.net"
577:
182:
901:
177:; 22 June 1888 – 30 December 1937) was a Belarusian politician, historian, jurist, philosopher, and a victim of
383:
268:
552:
486:
841:
415:"Вялікае апрашчэньне ці вялікае ўдасканаленьне?" ("Great simplification or great improvement?"; Riga, 1926);
275:, urging the Russian Soviet government to recognise the independence of Belarus. In the spring of 1919, the
256:
286:
in exile and chaired the First All-Belarusian
Conference in Prague in September 1921. In 1923, he replaced
747:
405:"Korotkii ocherk vozniknoveniia Belorusskoi Narodnoi Respubliki" ("A Short Essay on the Origin of the
986:
981:
946:
806:
333:
364:
263:. He was also actively involved in the publication of the Belarusian newspaper "Belarusian Echo" in
856:
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162:
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79:
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into the family of a paramedic at a local hospital. He received his primary education in Brest.
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in Russia, where he was actively involved in the work of a committee for aid to war victims.
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951:
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816:
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363:Ćvikievič's most important historical works have been dedicated to studying the idea of
259:, and approached diplomatic missions of other countries for financial assistance to the
921:
851:
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777:
752:
727:
209:
198:
87:
75:
380:Западно-руссизм: Нарысы з гісторыі грамадзкай мысьлі на Беларусі ў XIX і пачатку XX в.
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956:
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71:
17:
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329:
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217:
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656:Беларусь і беларусы сярод суседзяў: гістарычныя стэрэатыпы і палітычныя канструкты
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and in April 1931 sentenced to 5 years in exile in Russia. He was exiled first to
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732:
349:
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From 1921 to 1923, he held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the
418:"Адраджэньне Беларусі і Польшча" ("Revival of Belarus and Poland"; 1921).
412:"Беларусь: палітычны нарыс" ("Belarus: a political essay"; Berlin, 1919);
205:
232:. In January 1918, the executive committee of the Congress sent him and
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337:
569:
50:
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sent Ćvikievič on a diplomatic mission to Berlin and then to Vienna.
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658:, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V. Foundation Office Belarus, 2013
264:
248:
668:
907:
900:
796:
712:
382:; Minsk, 1929), he analysed the ideology and practice of
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Involvement in the Belarusian national movement and exile
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Belarusian politician, historian, jurist, philosopher
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34:
324:In July 1930, he was arrested and charged in the
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457:(in Belarusian). Retrieved 9 January 2022.
240:) and instead joined a delegation from the
687:
673:
665:
481:[Aliaksandar Ivanavič Cvikievič].
326:Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
321:, predecessor of the Academy of Sciences.
292:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
284:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
277:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
261:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
49:
31:
599:Silitski, Vitalʹ; Zaprudnik, Jan (2007).
1057:Saint Petersburg State University alumni
302:Return to Soviet Belarus and persecution
438:
187:National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
559:(in Belarusian). Retrieved 2021-07-30.
401:Some other notable publications are:
148:Prime-Minister of Belarus (1923-1925)
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510:
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344:Execution and posthumous exoneration
1052:Belarusian male non-fiction writers
1022:20th-century Belarusian politicians
580:from the original on 8 January 2022
526:from the original on 8 January 2022
489:from the original on 8 January 2022
393:A Short Essay on the Origin of the
197:Ćvikievič was born in June 1888 in
1007:20th-century Belarusian historians
25:
1032:Ambassadors of Belarus to Ukraine
605:. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press.
572:[Aliaksandar Cvikievič].
27:Belarusian politician (1888-1937)
1042:Great Purge victims from Belarus
770:
1002:Lawyers from the Russian Empire
312:Institute of Belarusian Culture
167:Аляксандар (Іванавіч) Цьвікевіч
407:Belarusian Democratic Republic
395:Belarusian Democratic Republic
247:In March 1918, he was sent to
1:
479:"Цвікевіч Аляксандр Іванавіч"
230:First All-Belarusian Congress
84:Lithuania Governorate-General
717:Belarusian National Republic
704:Belarusian National Republic
212:. After the outbreak of the
242:Ukrainian People's Republic
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1027:Prime ministers of Belarus
997:People from Brestsky Uyezd
992:People from Brest, Belarus
696:Prime ministers of Belarus
1047:20th-century philosophers
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271:to the delegation's head
183:Prime Minister of Belarus
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132:St. Petersburg University
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269:Mitrofan Dovnar-Zapolsky
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842:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
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748:Alyaksandr Tsvikyevich
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234:Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski
216:, he was evacuated to
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159:Alyaksandr Tsvikyevich
911:
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602:The A to Z of Belarus
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290:, as new head of the
1037:Belarusian diplomats
947:Mikhail Myasnikovich
807:Alexander Chervyakov
570:"Цвікевіч Аляксандр"
356:Notable publications
255:and revision of the
253:Belarusian statehood
175:Alaksandr Ćwikiewicz
155:Alaksandar Ćvikievič
43:Аляксандар Цьвікевіч
36:Alaksandar Ćvikievič
18:Alaksandar Cvikievic
892:Republic of Belarus
857:Nikolai Avkhimovich
121:Cause of death
1012:Belarusian jurists
932:Vladimir Yermoshin
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867:Aleksandr Aksyonov
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551:Маракоў, Леанід. "
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80:Grodno Governorate
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962:Roman Golovchenko
917:Vyacheslav Kebich
882:Vyacheslav Kebich
872:Vladimir Brovikov
847:Aleksey Kleshchev
743:Vatslaw Lastowski
738:Anton Lutskyevich
637:. 16 January 2017
612:978-1-4617-3174-0
576:(in Belarusian).
522:(in Belarusian).
485:(in Belarusian).
294:and was based in
157:(also spelled as
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16:(Redirected from
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937:Gennady Novitsky
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877:Mikhail Kovalyov
827:Afanasy Kovalyov
822:Daniil Volkovich
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102:(aged 49)
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837:Ivan Bylinsky
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723:Yazep Varonka
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72:Brest-Litovsk
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639:. Retrieved
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582:. Retrieved
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528:. Retrieved
520:pruzhany.net
519:
491:. Retrieved
482:
450:
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362:
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332:and then to
323:
305:
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246:
238:Leon Trotsky
227:
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196:
158:
154:
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114:Soviet Union
100:(1937-12-30)
68:22 June 1888
29:
987:1937 deaths
982:1888 births
927:Sergey Ling
791:(1919–1991)
733:Jan Syerada
707:(1918–1919)
397:, Kyiv,1918
368: [
350:Perestroika
315: [
257:Brest Peace
193:Early years
976:Categories
433:References
376:Belarusian
163:Belarusian
64:1888-06-22
641:8 January
621:859155463
584:8 January
530:8 January
493:8 January
370:be-tarask
317:be-tarask
578:Archived
524:Archived
487:Archived
273:Rakovsky
206:Pruzhany
124:Executed
912:Belarus
338:Sarapul
336:and to
619:
609:
296:Kaunas
171:Polish
372:]
334:Ishim
319:]
210:Brest
106:Minsk
643:2022
617:OCLC
607:ISBN
586:2022
555:" .
532:2022
495:2022
330:Perm
308:BSSR
265:Kyiv
249:Kiev
218:Tula
208:and
95:Died
58:Born
978::
615:.
540:^
503:^
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623:.
588:.
534:.
497:.
66:)
62:(
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