Kosovo Albanians - Knowledge (XXG)

2933:) to gauge the ethnic make—up of the population in the fifteenth century have proved little. Leaving aside questions arising from the dialects and pronunciation of the census scribes, interpreters, and even priests who baptized those recorded, no natural law binds ethnicity to name. Imitation, in which the customs, tastes, and even names of those in the public eye are copied by the less exalted, is a time—tested tradition and one followed in the Ottoman Empire. Some Christian sipahis in early Ottoman Albania took such Turkic names as Timurtaş, for example, in a kind of cultural conformity completed later by conversion to Islam. Such cultural mimicry makes onomastics an inappropriate tool for anyone wishing to use Ottoman records to prove claims so modern as to have been irrelevant to the pre-modern state. The seventeenth-century Ottoman notable arid author Evliya Çelebi, who wrote a massive account of his travels around the empire and abroad, included in it details of local society that normally would not appear in official correspondence; for this reason, his account of a visit to several towns in Kosovo in 1660 is extremely valuable. Evliya confirms that western and at least parts of central Kosovo were 'Arnavud'. He notes that the town of Vushtrri had few speakers of 'Boşnakca'; its inhabitants spoke Albanian or Turkish. He terms the highlands around Tetovo (in Macedonia), Peć, and Prizren the 'mountains of Arnavudluk'. Elsewhere, he states that 'the mountains of Peć' lay in Arnavudluk, from which issued one of the rivers converging at Mitrovica, just north-west of which he sites Kosovo's border with Bosna. This river, the Ibar, flows from a source in the mountains of Montenegro north-north-west of Peć, in the region of Rozaje to which the Këlmendi would later be moved. He names the other river running by Mitrovica as the Kılab and says that it, too, had its source in Aravudluk; by this, he apparently meant the Lab, which today is the name of the river descending from mountains north—east of Mitrovica to join the Sitnica north of Priština. As Evliya travelled south, he appears to have named the entire stretch of river he was following the Kılab, not noting the change of name when he took the right fork at the confluence of the Lab and Sitnica. Thus, Evliya states that the tomb of Murad I, killed in the battle of Kosovo Polje, stood beside the Kılab, although it stands near the Sitnica outside Priština. Despite the confusion of names, Evliya included in Arnavudluk not only the western fringe of Kosovo, but also the central mountains from which the Sitnica ('Kılab') and its first tributaries descend. Given that a large Albanian population lived in Kosovo, especially in the west and centre, both before and after the Habsburg invasion of 1689–90, it remains possible, in theory, that at that time in the Ottoman Empire, one people emigrated en masse and another immigrated to take its place. 3107:. IB Tauris. p. 183. "It also demonstrates that while an ethno-national Albanian identity covering the whole Albanian-speaking population hardly existed in late-Ottoman Kosovo, collective identities were primarily formed from layers of religious, socio-professional/socio-economic and regional elements, as well as extended kinship and patriarchal structures."; p. 195. "The case of the Fandi illustrates the heterogeneous and multilayered nature of the Albanian-speaking population groups in late-Ottoman Kosovo. These divisions also become evident when looking at the previously-mentioned high level of violence within the Albanian-speaking groups. Whereas we tend to think of violence in Kosovo today largely in terms of ethnic conflict or even "ancient ethnic hatreds", the various forms of violence the consuls described in their reports in late-Ottoman Kosovo appear to have occurred primarily along religious and socio-economic fault lines, reflecting pre-national identity patterns. In addition to the usual violence prompted by shortages of pastureland or robbery for private gain, the sources often report on religiously motivated violence between Muslims and Christians, with a high level of violence not only between Albanian Muslims and Serbian Christians, but also between Albanian Muslims and Albanian Catholics." 2985:

groups. The term 'Arnavud' was used to denote persons who spoke one of the dialects of Albanian, came from the mountainous country in the western Balkans (referred to as 'Arnavudluk', and including not only the area now forming the state of Albania but also neighbouring parts of Greece, Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro), organized society on the strength of blood ties (family, clan, tribe), engaged predominantly in a mix of settled agriculture and livestock herding, and were notable fighters – a group, in short, difficult to control. Other peoples, such as Georgians, Ahkhaz, Circassians, Tatars, Kurds, and Bedouin Arabs who were frequently identified by their ethnicity, shared similar cultural traits.

2585:"From the details of the monastic estates given in the chrysobulls, further information can be gleaned about these Vlachs and Albanians. The earliest reference is in one of Nemanja's charters giving property to Hilandar, the Serbian monastery on Mount Athos: 170 Vlachs are mentioned, probably located in villages round Prizren. When Dečanski founded his monastery of Decani in 1330, he referred to 'villages and katuns of Vlachs and Albanians' in the area of the white Drin: a katun (alb.:katund) was a shepherding settlement. And Dusan's chrysobull of 1348 for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren mentions a total of nine Albanian katuns." 1200: 1854: 2646:(Kulla e Ivanit), që gjendet në mes të Kurshumlisë dhe Prokuplës. M. Gj. Miliçeviqi thotë: "Shqiptarët e ruajten fshatin Ivan Kullë (1877–1878) dhe nuk lejuan që të shkatërrohet ajo". Ata, shqiptaret e Ivan Kullës (1877–1878) i thanë M. Gj. Miliçeviqit se janë aty që nga para Luftës se Kosovës (1389). Dhe treguan që trupat e arrave, që ndodhen aty, ata i pat mbjellë Ivan beu. Atypari, në malin Gjakë, nodhet kështjella që i shërbeu Ivanit (Gjonit) dhe shqiptarëve për t'u mbrojtur. Aty ka pasur gjurma jo vetëm nga shekulli XIII dhe XIV, por edhe të shekullit XV ku vërehen gjurmat mjaft të shumta toponimike si fshati 1866: 1830: 1420: 1312: 141: 4339: 45: 250: 1596:. The Kosovo Albanian population reacted with sentiments of solidarity through fundraising initiatives and money, food, clothing and shelter donations. Volunteers and humanitarian aid in trucks, buses and hundreds of cars from Kosovo traveled to Albania to assist in the situation and people were involved in tasks such as the operation of mobile kitchens and gathering financial aid. Many Albanians in Kosovo have opened their homes to people displaced by the earthquake. 1842: 213: 195: 349: 1589:, had been rewritten four times to try to accommodate Russian concerns that such a resolution would undermine the principle of state sovereignty. Russia, which holds a veto in the Security Council as one of five permanent members, has stated that it will not support any resolution that is not acceptable to both Belgrade and Pristina. As of November 2023, more than 100 UN member states have recognised Kosovo as an independent country. 2716:

Nish were forced to leave in 1878, and that at that time most of these Nishan Albanians migrated south into Kosovo, although some went to Skopje in Macedonia. ; pp. 557–558: In 1690 much of the population of the city and surrounding area was killed or fled, and there was an emigration of Albanians from the Malësia e Madhe (North Central Albania/Eastern Montenegro) and Dukagjin Plateau (Western Kosovo) into Nish.

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and in 1881, the Ottoman Army started the fighting against Albanians. The Prizren League created a Provisional Government with a President, Prime Minister (Ymer Prizreni) and Ministries of War (Sylejman Vokshi) and Foreign Ministry (Abdyl Frashëri). After three years of war, the Albanians were defeated. Many of the leaders were executed and imprisoned. In 1910, an Albanian uprising spread from

3949: 2049: 1901: 1110: 105: 67: 1962: 123: 1451:'s secession from Yugoslavia in 1991, Milošević used the seat to obtain dominance over the Federal government, outvoting his opponents. Many Albanians organized a peaceful active resistance movement, following the job losses suffered by some of them, while other, more radical and nationalistic oriented Albanians, started violent purges of the non-Albanian residents of Kosovo. 2671:. Beograd, 1884: 354. "Kur flet mbi fshatin Ivankullë cekë se banorët shqiptarë ndodheshin aty prej Betejës së Kosovës 1389. Banorët e Ivankullës në krye me Ivan Begun jetojnë aty prej shek. XIV dhe janë me origjinë shqiptare. Shqiptarët u takojnë të tri konfesioneve, por shumica e tyre i takojnë atij musliman, mandej ortodoks dhe një pakicë i përket konfesionit katolik." 177: 1563:, began in February 2006. While progress was made on technical matters, both parties remained diametrically opposed on the question of status itself. In February 2007, Ahtisaari delivered a draft status settlement proposal to leaders in Belgrade and Pristina, the basis for a draft UN Security Council Resolution that proposes 'supervised independence' for the province. 159: 1471: 2412: 2507:, p. 42:Toponymic evidence suggests that Albanian likely was spoken in Metohia and Kosovo before the Serbs' settlement there, as Albanian historical phonology helps explain several place names in the area, such as Prizren and Prishtina, as well as Niš < Naissus somewhat further to the northeast (Çabej 1961, Stanišić 1995: 10). 1041:

in Eastern Kosovo had a large Muslim Albanian population prior to the Austrian-Ottoman wars of 1690 and research shows the towns lost their population considerably due to the wars. During the 18th century and onwards there were also movements of people within these Albanian inhabited territories (Nish, Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania)

2621:"The monastery at Dečani stands on a terrace commanding passes into High Albania. When Stefan Uros III founded it in 1330, he gave it many villages in the plain and catuns of Vlachs and Albanians between the Lim and the Beli Drim. Vlachs and Albanians had to carry salt for the monastery and provide it with serf labour." 1467:, which was observed by international organisations, but the only country to recognize it was Albania. With an 87% turnout, 99.88% voted for Kosovo to be independent. The non-Albanian population, at the time comprising 10% of Kosovo's population, refused to vote since they considered the referendum to be illegal. 2929:.(4): 767–774, 785–788. "While the ethnic roots of some settlements can be determined from the Ottoman records, Serbian and Albanian historians have at times read too much into them in their running dispute over the ethnic history of early Ottoman Kosovo. Their attempts to use early Ottoman provincial surveys ( 1276:

was a time of persecution of the Kosovar Albanians. Kosovo was split into four counties—three being a part of official Serbia: Zvečan, Kosovo and southern Metohija; and one in Montenegro: northern Metohija. However, the new administration system since 26 April 1922 split Kosovo among three Regions in

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Ottoman records indicate that during the 15th and 16th century, the Hasi region, which was part of the Nahiya of Hasi, was inhabited almost entirely by Albanians. Ottoman records from the 15th century show western Kosovo had a large native Albanian population. And further research indicates the towns

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In the 1970s, an Albanian nationalist movement pursued full recognition of the Province of Kosovo as another Republic within the Federation, while the most extreme elements aimed for full-scale independence. Tito's government dealt with the situation swiftly, but only giving it a temporary solution.

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or most others the village name of origin. During the late Ottoman period, ethno-national Albanian identity as expressed in contemporary times did not exist amongst the wider Kosovo Albanian-speaking population. Instead collective identities were based upon either socio-professional, socio-economic,

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In this case, however, Ottoman records contain useful information about the ethnicities of the leading actors in the story. In comparison with 'Serbs', who were not a meaningful category to the Ottoman state, its records refer to 'Albanians' more frequently than to many other cultural or linguistic

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in June 1878. Hundreds of Albanian leaders gathered in Prizren and opposed the Serbian and Montenegrin jurisdiction. Serbia complained to the Western Powers that the promised territories were not being held because the Ottomans were hesitating to do that. Western Powers put pressure to the Ottomans

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pp. 556–557: Using secondary sources, we establish that there have been Albanians living in the area of Nish for at least 500 years, that the Ottoman Empire controlled the area from the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries which led to many Albanians converting to Islam, that the Muslim Albanians of

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etc. Ottoman registers from 1452–53 reveal the Has region in Kosovo was inhabited by a Christian Albanian population Villages that have been identified and still existed today such as Mazrek, Kojushe, Gorozhub, Zym, Zhur, Milaj, Planeje etc were recorded in the defter. In the defter of 1485 which

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On 2 July 1990, an unconstitutional ethnic Albanian parliament declared Kosovo an independent country, although this was not recognized by the Government since the ethnic Albanians refused to register themselves as legal citizens of Yugoslavia. In September of that year, the ethnic Albanian

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Soon afterwards, as approved by the Assembly in 1990, the autonomy of Kosovo was revoked, and the pre-1974 status reinstated. Milošević, however, did not remove Kosovo's seat from the Federal Presidency, but he installed his own supporters in that seat, so he could gain power in the Federal

2473: 2413:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census" 904:, there were 1,596,072 ethnic Albanians in Kosovo or 81.6% of population. By the estimation in the year 2000, there were between 1,584,000 and 1,733,600 Albanians in Kosovo or 88% of population; as of 2011, their population share is 92.93%. 1269:, colonist Serb families moved into Kosovo, while the Albanian population was decreased. As a result, the proportion of Albanians in Kosovo declined from 75 percent at the time of the invasion to slightly more than 65% percent by 1941. 1036:

The Ottomans defters of 15th and 16th century also recorded new arrivals into Kosovo and abandoned places. Nothing indicates the area was massively depopulated during this period nor massively settled by another population from outside

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of 1999. While Serbia's continued sovereignty over Kosovo was recognised by much of the international community at the time, a clear majority of Kosovo's population preferred independence. The UN-backed talks, led by UN Special Envoy

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is the public university of Kosovo, with several faculties and majors. The National Library (BK) is the main and the largest library in Kosovo, located in the centre of Pristina. There are many other private universities, among them

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Music has always been part of Albanian culture. Although in Kosovo music is diverse (as it was mixed with the cultures of different regimes dominating Kosovo), authentic Albanian music does still exist. It is characterized by use of

1439:. An unfinished edition was filtered to the press. In the essay, SANU portrayed the Serbian people as a victim and called for the revival of Serb nationalism, using both true and exaggerated facts for propaganda. During this time, 2480: 2034:

was the film industry, which releases movies in Albanian, created by Kosovar Albanian movie-makers. The National Theatre of Kosovo is the main theatre where plays are shown regularly by Albanian and international artists.

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A large number of Albanians alongside smaller numbers of urban Turks (with some being of Albanian origin) were expelled and/or fled from what is now contemporary southern Serbia (Toplica and Morava regions) during the

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e tjerë. Në shekullin XVI përmendet lagja shqiptare Pllanë jo larg Prokuplës. Ne këtë shekull përmenden edhe shqiptarët katolike në qytetin Prokuplë, në Nish, në Prishtinë dhe në Bulgari..... M. Đj. Miličević.

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From 1996 onwards, the KLA took responsibility for the attacks it committed. The KLA grew to a few hundred Albanians who attacked police stations and wounded many police officers from 1996–1997. Following the

1497:. After the Bosnian War, the KLA began staging ambushes of Serb patrols as well as killing policemen, as they sought to capitalize on popular resentment among Kosovan Albanians against the Serbian regime. 3001: 1392:, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo's government received higher powers, including the highest governmental titles—President and Premier and a seat in the Federal Presidency, which made it a 1227:'s visit to Kosovo in June 1911. The aim of the League of Prizren was to unite the four Albanian-inhabited Vilayets by merging the majority of Albanian inhabitants within the Ottoman Empire into one 2323: 2461:

Most of the ethnic Albanians that live outside the country are Ghegs, although there is a small Tosk population clustered around the shores of lakes Presp and Ohrid in the south of Macedonia.

3734: 2291: 2273: 1235:'s overall population and were opposing the Albanian aims along with Turks and other Slavs in Kosovo, which prevented the Albanian movements from establishing their rule over Kosovo. 1033:

During Stefan Dusan's reign, Albanian Catholics in Kosovo were forcibly converted into Orthodoxy, many others were expelled, and Catholic churches were converted into Orthodox ones.

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Geniş, Şerife; Maynard, Kelly Lynne (2009). "Formation of a Diasporic Community: The History of Migration and Resettlement of Muslim Albanians in the Black Sea Region of Turkey".

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Culturally, Albanians in Kosovo are very closely related to Albanians in Albania. Traditions and customs differ even from town to town in Kosovo itself. The spoken dialect is

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that Kosovo would remain a part of Albania they started expelling the Serbian and Montenegrin settlers "who had arrived in the 1920s and 1930s". Prior to the surrender of

4258: 1973:, typical of northern Albanians. The language of state institutions, education, books, media and newspapers is the standard dialect of Albanian, which is closer to the 1853: 1579: 1210:

As a reaction against the Congress of Berlin, which had given some Albanian-populated territories to Serbia and Montenegro, Albanians, mostly from Kosovo, formed the

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is very popular in Kosovo. There are many folk singers and ensembles. Modern music in Kosovo has its origin from western countries. The main modern genres include

2675:, përgatitur nga M. Handžic, H. Hadžibegić i E. Kovačević, Sarajevo, 1972: 216. Skënder Rizaj, T,K "Perparimi" i vitit XIX, Prishtinë 1973: 57. Jovan M. Tomić, 1505:, the KLA was enabled to acquire large amounts of weapons looted from Albanian armories. The KLA also received large funds from Albanian diaspora organizations. 1339: 3749: 1829: 4450: 2379: 1841: 931:. In this era, Albanian in Kosovo was in linguistic contact with Eastern Romance which was presumably spoken in contemporary eastern Serbia and Macedonia. 1370: 2331: 3937: 1273: 1266: 1167: 1378: 893: 3197: 2546:

La question nationale en Europe du Sud-Est : genèse, émergence et développement de l'indentité nationale albanaise au Kosovo et en Macédoine

1377:, but with no factual autonomy. This was the first time Kosovo came to exist with its present boundaries. After Yugoslavia's name changed to the 2298: 1524:, which was accepted by the ethnic Albanian side but rejected by the Yugoslav government. The failure of the talks at Rambouillet resulted in a 1381:

and Serbia's to the Socialist Republic of Serbia in 1963, the Autonomous Region of Kosovo was raised to the level of Autonomous Province (which

1174: 4400: 4251: 3456: 3417: 3341: 3321: 3234: 2876: 2849: 2822: 2528: 2447: 2277: 3705: 1464: 307: 1512:, the mass killing of about 45 Albanians (Including 9 KLA insurgents) by Serbian security forces. An international conference was held in 1199: 3096: 3987: 3791: 1551: 800: 3759: 2738: 2634:. Verana. pp. 244–245. "Eshtë, po ashtu, me peshë historike një shënim i M. Gj Miliçeviqit, i cili bën fjalë përkitazi me Ivan Begun. 2553: 1265:(Метохија), a Greek word meant for the landed dependencies of a monastery. Aside from many war crimes and atrocities committed by the 1050: 3094:

Catholic Albanian warriors for the Sultan in late Ottoman Kosovo: The Fandi as a socio-professional group and their identity patterns

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rivers (1330), and in the second (1348) a total of nine Albanian villages are cited within the vicinity of Prizren. Toponyms such as

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As of early July 2007 the draft resolution, which is backed by the United States, United Kingdom and other European members of the

3013:... included parts of present-day northern Greece, western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, Kosovo, and southern Serbia"; see also 1396:

Socialist Republic within the Federation, but remaining as a Socialist Autonomous Region within the Socialist Republic of Serbia.

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Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia shqiptare e Kosovës gjatë shek: studime dhe dokumente. XV-XVI (in Albanian). 8 Nëntori. p. 15.

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were defined official on the provincial level marking the two largest linguistic Kosovan groups: Serbs and Albanians. The word

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The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek lands: toward a social and economic history: studies in honor of John C. Alexander

2202: 2074: 1926: 1131: 1083:(1611–1682) in his travels within the region during 1660 referred to the western and central part of what is today Kosovo as 727: 722: 538: 507: 951:

that was given to the Monastery of Saint Mihail and Gavril in Prizren between the years of 1348–1353 states the presence of

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Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia shqiptare e Kosovës gjatë shek: studime dhe dokumente. XV-XVI (in Albanian). 8 Nëntori

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The Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija was formed in 1946 to placate its regional Albanian population within the

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Anscombe, Frederic F, (2006). "The Ottoman Empire in Recent International Politics – II: The Case of Kosovo".

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regional, or religious identities and sometimes relations between Muslim and Christian Albanians were tense.

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Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia shqiptare e Kosovës gjatë shek: studime dhe dokumente. XV-XVI (in Albanian)

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The KLA-led campaign continued into January 1999 and was brought to the attention of the world media by the

1428: 1419: 1079:(آرناوودلق) meaning Albania was used in Ottoman state records for areas such as southern Serbia and Kosovo. 793: 774: 712: 544: 400: 2595:

Wilkinson, Henry Robert (1955). "Jugoslav Kosmet: The evolution of a frontier province and its landscape".

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region of Western Kosovo, half of the villages had Albanian names or a mixture of Slavic-Albanian names.

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in 1943, the German forces took over direct control of the region. After numerous Serbian and Yugoslav

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was introduced to the population. Today, Sunni Islam is the predominant religion of Kosovo Albanians.

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International negotiations began in 2006 to determine the final status of Kosovo, as envisaged under

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and Southern Morava regions (located north-east of contemporary Kosovo) since the Late Middle Ages.

4170: 4103: 4088: 4078: 4058: 4024: 4014: 3337: 2998: 2197: 680: 594: 492: 482: 462: 422: 410: 44: 3251:"Statement of Prime Minister of Albania Mr. Sali Berisha on Recognition of Independence of Kosova" 4283: 4186: 4165: 4149: 4139: 4098: 4046: 3528: 3471: 3059: 2975: 2967: 2706: 2612: 2231: 1986: 1533: 1091:'s inhabitants as having knowledge of Albanian or Turkish with few speakers of Slavic languages. 786: 769: 756: 477: 447: 427: 3078:

E drejta mbi vatrat dhe pasuritë reale dhe autoktone nuk vjetërohet: të dhëna në formë rezimeje

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The Kosova issue--a historic and current problem: symposium held in Tirana on April 15-16, 1993

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Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-building

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Toponymical evidence suggests that Albanian was spoken in western and eastern Kosovo and the

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Conversions to Christianity have become common, and there are an estimated 5,000 Catholics.

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There are now only 60,000 Albanian Catholics in Kosovo out of a population of two million.

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uprisings, Kosovo was liberated after 1944 with the help of the Albanian partisans of the

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took western Kosovo, which a majority of its inhabitants call "the plateau of Dukagjin" (

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After the Axis invasion, the greater part of Kosovo became a part of Italian-controlled

348: 4386: 4313: 4034: 3294: 1397: 1045: 1014: 874: 599: 564: 559: 3150: 2474:"Minority Communities in the 2011 Kosovo Census Results: Analysis and Recommendations" 4434: 4298: 3532: 3063: 2979: 2710: 2432: 2141: 1992: 1290: 886: 670: 648: 604: 279: 3896: 3706:"Shqiptarët solidarizohen me tërmetin, ja sa është shuma e grumbulluar deri më tani" 1566: 4323: 2020: 2016: 1999:

Albanian communities estimated between 60,000 to 65,000 in Kosovo, concentrated in

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Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era

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Education is provided for all levels, primary, secondary, and university degrees.

1017:. Other Albanian villages mentioned from the 14th and 15th centuries are Planeje, 4412:"British documentary substantiates US-KLA collusion in provoking war with Serbia" 3224: 3009:. Isis Press. p. 41. "Anscombe (ibid., 107 n. 3) notes that Ottoman "Albania" or 2866: 2839: 2795: 3591:

Russia reportedly rejects fourth draft resolution on Kosovo status (SETimes.com)

3571: 2133: 2112: 2048: 1900: 1513: 1494: 1305: 1244: 1109: 979: 967: 293: 200: 146: 3557: 3524: 3182: 2702: 2479:. European Centre for Minority Issues Kosovo. 18 December 2012. Archived from 2129: 2031: 1961: 1555: 1456: 975: 944: 749: 584: 3754:. New York: The Center for Strategic and International Studies. p. 479. 3055: 2794:

Jusuf Bajraktari; Instituti i Historisë (Akademia e Shkencave e RSH) (1996).

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The Emerging Strategic Environment: Challenges of the Twenty-first Century

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later that spring and resulted in a proposed peace agreement, called the

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lasting from 24 March to 10 June when the Yugoslav authorities signed a

1470: 1177:. Many settled in Kosovo, where they and their descendants are known as 3728:"Report on the size and ethnic composition of the population of Kosovo" 2004: 2000: 1408:

was also removed from the title in 1974 leaving the simple short form,

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stands possibly one of the oldest Catholic churches in Kosovo. Village

960: 870: 744: 372: 128: 3884:"Muslim Kosovars rediscover their long-forgotten Roman Catholic roots" 3788:"ECMI: Minority figures in Kosovo census to be used with reservations" 2739:"Muslim Kosovars rediscover their long-forgotten Roman Catholic roots" 2632:

Jeta dhe veprimtaria e sqiptarëve të Sanxhakut të Nishit deri më 1912

2616: 3903: 3103:". In Grandits, Hannes, Nathalie Clayer, & Robert Pichler (eds). 3039: 1517: 1342:. Since the Albanian Fascist political leadership had decided in the 1224: 1010: 1006: 1002: 889:, more specifically the Northwestern and Northeastern Gheg variants. 878: 855: 589: 379: 255: 182: 110: 72: 50: 1435:(SANU) was working on a document, which later would be known as the 924: 4366: 3448:

The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans

2608: 1847:

1898 ethnic composition of the Balkans according to a French source

3040:"The Emigration of Muslims from the New Serbian Regions 1877/1878" 2153: 2008: 1625: 1565: 1469: 1418: 1198: 1069: 1022: 998: 866: 164: 3313:

Mediation and Liberal Peacebuilding: Peace from the Ashes of War?

3658:"Albania Search, Rescue Operation For Earthquake Survivors Ends" 2434:

World music: the rough guide. Africa, Europe and the Middle East

2145: 2012: 1974: 1970: 1432: 1429:

protests seeking that Kosovo become a republic within Yugoslavia

1282: 4240: 3919: 3900: 3406:

Professor Peter Radan; Dr Aleksandar Pavkovic (28 April 2013).

3270:"Kosovo (Jugoslawien), 30 September 1991 : Unabhängigkeit" 4368:

Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence

3151:"Who Deserves Kosovo? An Argument from Social Contract Theory" 2354:"Kosovari in Italia – statistiche e distribuzione per regione" 2042: 1894: 1231:. However at that time Serbs consisted about 25% of the whole 1103: 1018: 970:

or decrees by Serbian rulers, villages of Albanians alongside

3684:"Albania Seeks International Support for Earthquake Recovery" 2814:

Monasticism in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Republics

2274:"Emigration in Kosovo (International Emigation) – Page 32-38" 1887:

There is a large Kosovo Albanian diaspora in central Europe.

2909:

Selami Pulaha – Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve

1385:

had had since 1946) and gained inner autonomy in the 1960s.

3777:

Statistics Office of Kosovo, World Bank (2000), OSCE (2007)

3609:

UN Security Council remains divided on Kosovo (SETimes.com)

3509:"NATO's Intervention in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" 2673:

Oblast Brankovića, Opširni katastarski popis iz 1455 godine

2597:

Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers)

2268: 2266: 1443:

rose to power in the League of the Socialists of Serbia.

3021:. 31.33, 39–40. For the Byzantine period. see Psimouli, 2430:

Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo (1999).

943:

had reported Albanian toponyms in the Drenica valley. A

3017:. s.v. "Arnawutluk. 6. History" (H. İnalcık) and Arsh, 2173:(AUK), and many secondary schools and colleges such as 1005:

are mentioned in Serbian scriptures from the 1300's In

2260:

Elsie,R.Historical Dictionary of Kosovo (2010). p. 276

3310:

Eriksson, Mikael; Kostić, Roland (15 February 2013).

3295:

Kosovo (Yugoslavia), 30 September 1991: Independence

2393:

Statistiek, Centraal Bureau voor de (3 March 2008).

2023:

is growing among Kosovo Albanian Muslims in Kosovo.

1373:

under the leadership of the former Partisan leader,

4195: 4179: 4158: 4127: 3960: 3870:"Out of hiding, some Kosovars embrace Christianity" 314: 286: 268: 246: 209: 191: 173: 155: 137: 119: 101: 79: 58: 3843:Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2020–2022 2431: 2276:. Kosovo Agency of Statistics, KAS. Archived from 3115: 3113: 1334:, and a smaller, Eastern part by the Axis allied 1289:. The territories of Kosovo were split among the 3044:Balkanologie. Revue d'Études Pluridisciplinaires 2900:Rebels, Believers, Survivors – Noel Malcolm 2020 2324:"Donner une autre image de la diaspora kosovare" 1871:1923 ethnographic map of the Balkans and Turkey. 1580:100th anniversary of the independence of Albania 1427:In 1981 the Kosovar Albanian students organised 3632:"Kosovo's Heart Bleeds for Albania's Suffering" 2917: 2915: 1285:. In 1929 the Kingdom was transformed into the 3677: 3675: 3145: 3143: 3080:. Shoqata e Muhaxhirëvë të Kosovës. pp. 52–54. 3033: 3031: 1477:handing over arms to U.S. forces, 30 June 1999 1455:parliament, meeting in secrecy in the town of 4252: 3931: 3088: 3086: 2292:"Die kosovarische Bevölkerung in der Schweiz" 1463:. A year later, the Parliament organized the 1358:, and became a province of Serbia within the 1021:, Gorozhub, Milaj, Kojushe, Batushe, Mazrek, 794: 8: 3486:"Massacre that started long haul to justice" 974:are cited in the first as being between the 35: 3815:Faith- Based Diplomacy Trumping Realpolitik 3651: 3649: 3625: 3623: 3409:The Ashgate Research Companion to Secession 2871:. Eastern European Monographs. p. 94. 2077:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1929:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1481:In 1992–1993, ethnic Albanians created the 1423:Flag of Albanian minority in SFR Yugoslavia 1048:from 1455 to 1912, at first as part of the 865:belong to the ethnic Albanian sub-group of 4259: 4245: 4237: 3938: 3924: 3916: 3897: 3708:(in Albanian). Insajderi. 28 November 2019 3412:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 178–. 2868:Albanian Stalinism: Ideo-Political Aspects 1991:The vast majority of Kosovo Albanians are 1609: 1247:, most of eastern Kosovo was taken by the 801: 787: 327: 232: 87: 43: 34: 3845:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 508. 3340:. US Department of State. 30 March 1996. 2523:. European Studies. Rodopi. p. 107. 2097:Learn how and when to remove this message 1965:Kosovo Albanian ethnic costume and dance. 1949:Learn how and when to remove this message 1326:and symbol of Serbian-Albanian friendship 1274:Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1150:Learn how and when to remove this message 1013:is also believed to be the birthplace of 3817:. Oxford University Press. p. 153. 2891:Kosovo: A Short History – 1998 – Malcolm 2780: 2778: 1960: 1379:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1310: 3773: 3771: 3432: 3393: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2218: 1825: 1371:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1267:Serbian Army on the Albanian population 710: 701: 646: 637: 527: 518: 364: 355: 339: 4418:from the original on 13 September 2022 3122:"Is Kosovo Serbia? We ask a historian" 2504: 2382:from the original on 14 December 2023. 1461:Constitution of the Republic of Kosova 3196:Murray, Williamson (21 August 1999). 2372:"Relations bilatérales France-Kosovo" 829: 7: 4395:. SAGE Publications. pp. 206–. 3656:Kostreci, Keida (30 November 2019). 2395:"8,5 duizend Kosovaren in Nederland" 2116:(an authentic Albanian instrument), 2075:adding citations to reliable sources 1927:adding citations to reliable sources 1835:1880 ethnographic map of the Balkans 1465:1991 Kosovan independence referendum 1433:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 1168:The Expulsion of Albanians 1877–1878 1132:adding citations to reliable sources 59:Regions with significant populations 3682:Kostreci, Keida (2 December 2019). 3630:Krasniqi, Jeta (28 November 2019). 3513:Leiden Journal of International Law 3375:from the original on 24 August 2022 3363:Says, P. Morra (14 December 2015). 2800:. Institute of history. p. 42. 2156:and KTV have their musical charts. 2148:. Kosovo Radio televisions such as 1552:UN Security Council Resolution 1244 4451:Kosovan people of Albanian descent 3120:Malcolm, Noel (26 February 2008). 2544:Iseni, Bashkim (25 January 2008). 2399:Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek 990:shows an Albanian presence in the 25: 3556:. 26 October 2016. Archived from 3268:Beat Müller (30 September 1991). 3163:from the original on 3 March 2016 2330:. 21 January 2009. Archived from 4410:Marsden, Chris (16 March 2000). 4337: 4221: 4220: 3947: 3572:UN frustrated by Kosovo deadlock 3484:Strauss, Julius (30 June 2001). 3344:from the original on 22 May 2011 3338:"Dayton Peace Accords on Bosnia" 2952:The International History Review 2923:The International History Review 2520:The Disintegration of Yugoslavia 2047: 1899: 1864: 1852: 1840: 1828: 1108: 963:and in the villages of Drenica. 347: 248: 211: 193: 175: 157: 139: 121: 103: 65: 3554:"NATO & Kosovo: Index Page" 2943:Anscombe, Frederick F. (2006). 1859:1922 ethnographic map of Europe 1587:United Nations Security Council 1301:. The Kingdom lasted until the 1272:The 1918–1929 period under the 1119:needs additional citations for 3445:A. Pavkovic (8 January 2016). 3202:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 3185:. bturn.com. 7 September 2012. 2841:Essays on Politics and Society 2737:Plesch, Valerie (6 May 2015). 2669:Kralevina Srbije, Novi Krajevi 2203:Albanian nationalism in Kosovo 1530:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1058:, and from 1864 as a separate 728:Albanian Greek-Catholic Church 1: 3872:. Reuters. 29 September 2008. 2964:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103 2677:O Arnautima u Srbiji, Beograd 2548:. Bern: P. Lang. p. 77. 2171:American University in Kosovo 1606:Demographic history of Kosovo 1360:Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1324:People's Heroes of Yugoslavia 1223:and lasted until the Ottoman 1191:), and some bear the surname 1175:Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78) 1164:Demographic history of Kosovo 831:[ʃcipˈtaɾətɛkɔˈsɔvəs] 3581:", BBC News, 9 October 2006. 2817:. Routledge. pp. 249–. 2811:Ines Angeli Murzaku (2015). 2770:Vilajet of Pashtrik 1452–53 1594:an earthquake struck Albania 1534:military technical agreement 4030:Albanians of Western Thrace 3841:C. Thompson, Wayne (2021). 3451:. Springer. pp. 190–. 3316:. Routledge. pp. 43–. 2237:Central Intelligence Agency 1367:People's Republic of Serbia 1340:Nazi German-occupied Serbia 966:In the 14th century in two 869:, who inhabit the north of 27:Ethnic group in the Balkans 4467: 3813:Johnston, Douglas (2008). 3092:Frantz, Eva Anne (2011). " 2184: 1984: 1880: 1603: 1543: 1503:1997 Albanian civil unrest 1161: 1087:and described the town of 911: 850:), constitute the largest 4392:Encyclopedia of Terrorism 4371:. Ohio State University. 4335: 4274: 4216: 3913: 3748:Bugajski, Janusz (2002). 3525:10.1017/S0922156500000133 3212:– via Google Books. 2703:10.1080/00263200903009619 2642:Kullës, fshati emërtohet 2573:. Macmillan. p. 54. 2517:Vermeer, Williem (1992). 360:Geographical distribution 319: 291: 273: 242: 235: 231: 97: 90: 86: 63: 42: 4365:Curtis, Matthew (2012). 3686:. Voice of America (VOA) 3660:. Voice of America (VOA) 3099:January 1, 2014, at the 3056:10.4000/balkanologie.265 2438:. Rough Guides. p. 2250:(Archived 2020 edition.) 2208:Albania-Kosovo relations 2187:List of Kosovo Albanians 2011:and a few villages near 1611:Ethnic groups in Kosovo 1574:statue in the centre of 1187:("exiles", from Arabic ' 877:river, Kosovo, southern 834:), also commonly called 4446:Ethnic groups in Kosovo 4318:Ashkali & Egyptians 4268:Ethnic groups in Kosovo 3226:Kosovo: A Short History 3183:"Prishtine – mon amour" 3038:Jagodić, Miloš (1998). 2996:Kolovos, Elias (2007). 2571:Kosovo: A short history 1578:inaugurated during the 1308:invasion of April 1941. 1044:Kosovo was part of the 939:Between 1246 and 1255, 881:, and western parts of 775:Origin of the Albanians 3790:. ECMI. Archived from 3577:March 7, 2016, at the 3223:Malcolm, Noel (1998). 2838:Hasan JASHARI (2015). 2691:Middle Eastern Studies 2569:Malcolm, Noel (1998). 2166:University of Pristina 1966: 1582: 1483:Kosovo Liberation Army 1478: 1475:Kosovo Liberation Army 1424: 1327: 1207: 997:The Albanian villages 892:According to the 1991 847: 822: 3560:on 12 September 2016. 2743:Religion News Service 1964: 1592:On 26 November 2019, 1569: 1546:Kosovo status process 1522:Rambouillet Agreement 1473: 1422: 1314: 1287:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1277:the Kingdom: Kosovo, 1259:) and the Serbs call 1253:Kingdom of Montenegro 1202: 1162:Further information: 1068:). During this time, 912:Further information: 723:Italo-Albanian Church 539:Traditional tattooing 315:Related ethnic groups 3614:4 March 2016 at the 3004:20 June 2016 at the 2071:improve this section 1923:improve this section 1485:(KLA). In 1995, the 1257:Rrafshi i Dukagjinit 1128:improve this article 947:of the Serbian Tsar 823:Shqiptarët e Kosovës 38:Shqiptarët e Kosovës 4389:(4 December 2002). 3596:2 July 2007 at the 3076:Uka, Sabit (2004). 3050:(2). Balkanologie. 2865:Arshi Pipa (1990). 2630:Uka, Sabit (2004). 2198:Albanians in Serbia 2175:Mehmet Akif College 1612: 1369:as a member of the 1344:Conference of Bujan 1336:Tsardom of Bulgaria 1243:In 1912 during the 1193:Muhaxhiri/Muhaxheri 815:Albanians of Kosovo 39: 18:Albanians in kosovo 4387:Kushner, Harvey W. 3507:Suy, Eric (2000). 2419:. 25 October 2017. 2376:diplomatie.gouv.fr 2304:on 1 December 2017 2232:The World Factbook 1987:Religion in Kosovo 1967: 1610: 1583: 1554:, which ended the 1479: 1447:government. After 1441:Slobodan Milošević 1425: 1328: 1208: 959:, the vicinity of 957:Plains of Dukagjin 927:region before the 770:History of Albania 4402:978-1-4522-6550-6 4352: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4234: 4233: 3954:Albanian diaspora 3902:Links related to 3737:. 14 August 2002. 3488:. Telegraph.co.uk 3458:978-0-230-28584-2 3419:978-1-4094-7652-8 3323:978-1-136-18916-6 3297:Direct Democracy 3257:on 20 April 2012. 3236:978-0-333-66612-8 2931:tahrir defterleri 2878:978-0-88033-184-5 2851:978-1-326-27184-8 2824:978-1-317-39105-0 2530:978-90-5183-353-9 2486:on 3 January 2014 2449:978-1-85828-635-8 2417:Statistics Canada 2235:(2024 ed.). 2107: 2106: 2099: 2019:. Converting to 1995:. There are also 1959: 1958: 1951: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1784:World Bank, OSCE 1767: 1635:Source and notes 1576:Mitrovica, Kosovo 1526:NATO air campaign 1390:1974 constitution 1249:Kingdom of Serbia 1233:Vilayet of Kosovo 1212:League of Prizren 1204:League of Prizren 1160: 1159: 1152: 1075:The Ottoman term 914:History of Kosovo 840:Kosovan Albanians 811: 810: 642:Albanian language 574:Kângë Kreshnikësh 326: 325: 264: 263: 227: 226: 36:Kosovo Albanians 16:(Redirected from 4458: 4441:Kosovo Albanians 4427: 4425: 4423: 4406: 4382: 4341: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4238: 4224: 4223: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3917: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3766: 3765: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3732: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3679: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3653: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3627: 3618: 3606: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3162: 3155: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3117: 3108: 3090: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3035: 3026: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2949: 2940: 2934: 2919: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2747: 2746: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2686: 2680: 2628: 2622: 2620: 2592: 2586: 2584: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2478: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2437: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2390: 2384: 2383: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2297:. 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Macmillan. 3228: 3227: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3209:9780275965730 3205: 3201: 3200: 3192: 3189: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3159: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2580:9780810874831 2576: 2572: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2537: 2532: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2451: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2358:Tuttitalia.it 2355: 2349: 2346: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2101: 2098: 2090: 2087:December 2023 2080: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2056:This section 2054: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993:Sunni Muslims 1988: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1963: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1908:This section 1906: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1867: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1838: 1831: 1826: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1607: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1450: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:Fascist Italy 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1165: 1154: 1151: 1143: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1117:This section 1115: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1095:Modern period 1094: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:Evliya Çelebi 1078: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:Stefan Uroš I 934: 932: 930: 926: 918: 915: 907: 905: 903: 899: 895: 890: 888: 887:Gheg Albanian 885:. They speak 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 824: 820: 816: 804: 799: 797: 792: 790: 785: 784: 782: 781: 776: 773: 771: 768: 767: 766: 765: 758: 755: 751: 748: 746: 743: 742: 741: 738: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 714: 711: 707: 700: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673: 672: 669: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 651: 650: 647: 643: 636: 630: 628: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 575: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 555:Customary law 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 540: 536: 533: 531: 528: 524: 517: 509: 508:United States 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 473:South America 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 381: 377: 375: 374: 370: 369: 368: 365: 361: 354: 350: 346: 345: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329: 322: 318: 313: 309: 305: 299: 295: 290: 285: 281: 280:Gheg Albanian 276: 272: 267: 259: 257: 245: 241: 234: 230: 222: 220: 208: 204: 202: 190: 186: 184: 172: 168: 166: 154: 150: 148: 136: 132: 130: 118: 114: 112: 100: 96: 89: 85: 82: 78: 74: 62: 57: 53:(2011 census) 52: 49:Albanians in 46: 41: 30: 19: 4422:22 September 4420:. Retrieved 4391: 4367: 4354: 4309:Montenegrins 4278: 3887: 3878: 3864: 3856: 3842: 3836: 3828: 3814: 3808: 3796:. Retrieved 3792:the original 3782: 3750: 3743: 3722: 3710:. Retrieved 3700: 3688:. Retrieved 3662:. Retrieved 3636:. Retrieved 3604: 3586: 3566: 3558:the original 3548: 3536:. Retrieved 3516: 3512: 3502: 3490:. Retrieved 3479: 3467: 3447: 3440: 3433:Kushner 2002 3428: 3408: 3401: 3394:Marsden 2000 3389: 3377:. Retrieved 3368: 3358: 3346:. Retrieved 3332: 3312: 3305: 3290: 3278:. Retrieved 3273: 3263: 3255:the original 3245: 3225: 3218: 3198: 3191: 3177: 3165:. Retrieved 3130:. Retrieved 3126:The Guardian 3125: 3104: 3077: 3072: 3047: 3043: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 2997: 2992: 2983: 2955: 2951: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2867: 2860: 2844:. 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