593:, saying he would create one by executive order and then ask for the legislature to affirm it. The motor pool system, which he hoped would limit inappropriate use of state vehicles for personal purposes, required all vehicles to be checked out and all fuel to be purchased from the state. He also had state insignia prominently affixed to all motor pool vehicles to increase their visibility as government property. All vehicles deemed unnecessary—totaling about 1,000—were requisitioned from various agencies and listed for sale, including the governor's limousine. In the end, the reforms only generated minor cost savings for the government. He also had excess copy machines sold, consolidated the state's computer systems, eliminated 12 senior assistant positions, and dispatched various staff the Wallaces' had loaned to the governor's office back to their agencies of origin to handle their official competencies.
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family and George
Wallace, Brewer remained very guarded about his feelings and views early in his new tenure, and delayed moving into the governor's mansion until Wallace had found a new home for his family. Wallace's erstwhile legal counsel, Cecil Jackson, directed all executive cabinet members to offer their resignations to Brewer to allow him to build a team of his choosing. Brewer ended up retaining most of the cabinet, though he fired the public safety director and the director of the Department of Conservation after they refused to offer their resignations (and after the latter became involved in a physical altercation with another state employee).
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consolidating bureaucratic procedures, trimming unnecessary spending, and improving
Alabama's national image. He investigated the state of education in Alabama, and found that overall the system was not improving relative to other states, despite efforts at reform during the Wallace administrations. He informed state education officials that he wanted to alter the state's strategy for responding to federal school desegregation orders; in contrast to Wallace's flagrant hostility and refusals, Brewer would "try to do it in a way that will let us do the most palatable thing for the people, the patrons of our system."
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funding was needed to improve the situation. In 1969 he called the legislature into special session to consider 30 bills aimed at improving education. Despite resistance from some urban legislators who thought the package did more to improve rural areas, the proposals were passed, increasing education spending by $ 132 million, raising teacher salaries by over 20 percent over two years, making the state and local superintendent positions appointive, granting the
Education Study Commission statutory status, and creating the Alabama Commission on Higher Education.
796:
The
Wallace campaign aired TV ads with slogans such as "Do you want the black block electing your governor?" and circulated an ad showing a white girl surrounded by seven black boys, with the slogan "Wake Up Alabama! Blacks vow to take over Alabama." Wallace called Brewer a sissy and promised not to run for president a third time. Wallace narrowly won the Democratic runoff with 51.6 percent of the vote to Brewer's 48.4% and won the general election by a wide margin. He was succeeded by Wallace on January 18, 1971, after 987 days in office.
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branch, Brewer and Ingram tapped experienced public servants who they viewed as ethical, such as Tom
Brassell, who was made assistant finance director. Despite this commitment to reform, he sometimes intervened in hiring and other state business to assist friends and dole out favors. On the whole, politicization in Brewer's administration was more muted than his predecessors', and civil servant morale improved during his tenure.
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alcohol and narcotics abuse. Following a series of influence peddling scandals in the legislature, Brewer issued an executive order creating an ethics commission tasked with drafting a code of ethics for potential adoption by the legislature. Among his suggested points were the prohibition of gifts for officials, a ban on officials working for and receiving compensation from entities they regulated, and establishing
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551:. With a coalition of Wallace supporters, organized labor, and urbanites, he overwhelmingly defeated his opponent in the Democratic primary and faced no opposition in the general election. He was sworn in on January 16, 1967. Lurleen Wallace also won and was inaugurated that month. As lieutenant governor, he convinced the legislature to create an Education Study Commission.
684:, he briefly considered convening a special session to address inadequate pollution controls before ruling it unfeasible. His efforts during the 1969 session to strengthen consumer credit protections or schedule the legislature for annual sessions (instead of biannual) also failed. Despite this, Brewer's administration was able to obtain funding for a state
484:
promises to block tax increases, met with the governor to ask when he would veto the bill and send it back to the legislature. Wallace stated that he did not intend to veto the bill to preserve his campaign pledge, instead saying that he would "just yell nigger" to avoid scrutiny. After this, Brewer began to have doubts about
Wallace's merits.
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I've been to you and , and you told me yourself when she died." The two spoke infrequently after the meeting, and Brewer continued with his preparations to be elected as governor in his own right in 1970, and, mindful of the possibility of another
Wallace candidacy, took increasingly bolder policy positions and actions.
658:
policy which permitted integrated schooling options could satisfy the federal government's demands and be accepted by most
Alabamians, thus preserving popular support for his goal of improving the public education system. Many school choice proponents in the South had advocated for choice policies to
621:
eliminated by law in 1963 supported by both
Wallace and Brewer, many board agents were purportedly collecting commissions on distillery sales without authorization during the Wallaces' tenures. George Wallace denied any knowledge of the impropriety and Brewer affirmed his innocence, but Wallace still
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In legislative and policy disputes, Brewer preferred negotiation and finding common ground rather than public spats or power plays with patronage, as George
Wallace had. In anticipation of the first legislative session being convened while he was governor, he decided to focus on improving education,
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Brewer led Wallace in the Democratic primary but failed to win an outright majority. He then faced Wallace in a runoff. Wallace, whose presidential ambitions would have been destroyed with a defeat, ran a very aggressive and dirty campaign using racist rhetoric while proposing few ideas of his own.
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At the beginning of the 1969 session, Brewer announced that he would push for new pollution control laws. With industrial groups heavily lobbying the legislature, only a weak bill was passed. More focused on education reform, Brewer decided against pushing for stronger regulations in a matter which
616:
rebuke of his late wife. While originally cautious about besmirching the Wallaces, the complaints annoyed Brewer and led him to abandon his earlier concerns. The governor also initiated an investigation into commissions collections by agents of the Alcohol Beverage Control Board. While the practice
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Fairly soon after taking office, Brewer and his new state finance director, Bob Ingram, uncovered the large extent to which the Wallace administration had favored supporters in conducting state business, including alleged kickbacks for road construction contracts and asking state troopers to funnel
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holiday in 1968, Wallace confronted Brewer about the alcohol agents scandal, and told Brewer in a meeting at the governor's mansion, "If you keep talking about it, it's going to reflect on me and I may just have to run against you in 1970." Brewer countered, "ou never have had a better friend than
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Meanwhile, the Education Study Commission released a report on education in Alabama which outlined numerous deficiencies including overcrowded schools, inadequate instructional materials, underqualified educators, and uncompetitive pay rates for teachers. The commission recommended that additional
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in 1952 and returned to Decatur to practice law. From 1956 to 1963 he served as Chairman of the Decatur Planning Commission, and in 1963 he was selected as Decatur's “Outstanding Young Man of the Year” and was selected by the Alabama Junior Chamber of Commerce as one of the four “Outstanding Young
667:
to replace school choice options. After the court ordered new measures be taken to further integration, Johnson ordered the schools integrate their faculty at a specific ratio and directed that some black schools be closed. The governor responded by engaging in similar rhetoric as segregationist,
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Though aware of Lurleen Wallace's affliction with cancer, Brewer was not familiar with the severity of her condition until shortly before she died. Wallace succumbed on May 7, 1968, and, as stipulated in the constitution, Brewer succeeded to the office of governor. Taking the oath before only his
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chairman of the House Rules Committee. Under Brewer's leadership, the House was generally supportive of Wallace's goals. During the session, a bill to increase education spending, coupled with new tax increases, was introduced and passed through the legislature. Brewer, wary of Wallace's campaign
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Brewer also took actions in accordance with his own socially conservative views which were popular among most Alabamians. After being informed by his wife that pornographic movies were being displayed in Bessemer, he authorized a series of state raids on theatres. He also initiated crackdowns on
585:
services. Brewer was personally bothered by these improprieties but, wanting to seek election to his own gubernatorial term in 1970, felt it would be unwise to anger Wallace supporters by publicly exposing and denouncing these practices. As part of their attempt to quietly reform the executive
633:
To promote economic development, Brewer pursued industrial recruitment, traveling to New York to speak with corporate executives and hosting various in-person meetings with company representatives. He created the Alabama Program Development Office to link federal grant applications with local
672:. He also warned that under a more directed desegregation plan, most white parents would simply enroll their children in private schools. Despite this, he pledged to respect any court orders on racial matters. His request that Johnson reconsider his order was rejected.
680:
would anger corporate interests and, in his view, earn him few additional votes in the 1970 election. More fish kills and serious mercury pollution in 1970 led for Brewer to appeal for federal assistance a commission a water quality survey and, as a
791:
part of the state. He unveiled a platform calling for more funding for education, an ethics commission and a commission to revise Alabama's 1901 state constitution, which had been deliberately framed to disenfranchise black people and poor whites.
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program, a state employee pay hike, new highway safety legislation, two anti-pornography measures, a meat inspection law, and a requirement that all workers contracted by the state for construction be guaranteed standard wages.
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announced his retirement. Local community leaders recruited Brewer to run. He won the Democratic primary and, facing no opposition in the general election, was seated the following year. He was reelected in 1958 and 1962.
759:, soliciting donations and delivering speeches on his behalf. Within months of Brewer assuming office, Wallace assured him privately and stated publicly that he would not seek the governor's office in 1970. Around the
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In early July 1967 Lurleen Wallace traveled to Texas for cancer treatment. State law stipulated that if the governor was out of state for 21 days, the lieutenant governor officially assumed their responsibilities as
664:
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deliberately stall integration and preserve segregated schools, and by that point many federal courts were dissatisfied with such proposals. Several weeks after Brewer communicated to President
816:, hoping that the salience of racial politics would decline by that point, but decided against it as Wallace's popularity persisted unabated after the 1972 assassination attempt on Wallace by
559:. This went into effect at the beginning of July 24, and Brewer served as acting governor for about 15 hours, meeting with some state officials, signing extradition papers, and appointing 25
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were permitted on the Alabama ballot. While national Democrats balked over Johnson's exclusion, most supported the unpledged slate, which competed directly with the Republican electors. As
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779:. Brewer's 1970 gubernatorial campaign, however, was revolutionary in many respects. Although earlier in his political career he was regarded as a segregationist but not a
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Historian Gordon E. Harvey wrote, "Brewer did more to improve education in Alabama than most of his predecessors and all but a few of his successors."
756:
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Unlike his two predecessors, Brewer held weekly press conferences. At one such meeting in June 1968, Brewer called for the establishment of a state
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that he would engage the federal government in good faith on school segregation issues, the United States Attorney General sued in the
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426:. Brewer stayed there and attended Lafayette Street School, Decatur Jr. High School, and Decatur High School, until he left for the
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After leaving office in January 1971, Brewer joined a law firm in Montgomery. He considered challenging Wallace again in the
548:
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59:
418:, United States, to Daniel A. Brewer, a farmer, and Clara Albert Brewer. While Albert was a child, the family moved to
547:, entered the race and Brewer, convinced a gubernatorial candidacy would be futile, decided to run for the office of
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of black people, educated middle-class whites, and working-class whites from northern Alabama, traditionally a more
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George Wallace was critical of some of the reforms, particularly the motor pool, complaining that they reflected a
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at the opening of the 1963 legislative session on January 8 without opposition. The speakership also made him
783:, Brewer refused to engage in racist rhetoric and courted newly registered black voters. He hoped to build a
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824:, but lost the Democratic primary, missing the runoff by almost 2 percentage points. When Wallace ran again
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explained, loyalist electors would have offered a clearer choice to voters than did the unpledged slate.
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on state rivers caused by dumping of chemicals, Brewer encouraged the state to take action against
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disclosure rules. He offered funds from his office budget to support the commission's work.
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498:, were among the unpledged presidential electors on the Alabama ballot. They lost to the
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In 1966 Brewer considered running for the office of governor, as incumbent Governor
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1941:
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in eastern Morgan County is named in honor of Brewer. The school opened in 1972.
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in 1950 and had two children, Rebecca Anne and Beverly Allison. He was a Baptist.
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in 1946 to study history and political science. He earned his law degree from the
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in the general election. In 1987 he became a professor of law and government at
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was constitutionally restricted from seeking another term. The governor's wife,
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840:. Before his death, he taught a course on Professional Responsibility at the
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Rawls, Phillip, "Book Rates George Wallace's '70 campaign as the nastiest",
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1619:
784:
635:
590:
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2844:"A.P. Brewer High School and Area Vocational School : Brewer History"
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3623:
685:
639:
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1977:. Alabama: Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1967. p. 36.
3887:
3314:
378:(October 26, 1928 – January 2, 2017) was an American lawyer and
707:
County results of the 1970 Alabama Democratic gubernatorial primary
3129:
A Question of Justice: New South Governors and Education, 1968-1976
702:
595:
526:
405:
4360:
Democratic Party members of the Alabama House of Representatives
2886:. Alabama. Department of Archives and History. 1955. p. 560
3815:
3279:
3172:
Albert Brewer's biography from Cumberland School of Law website
2958:. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1962. p. 776
2934:. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1959. p. 612
2910:. Alabama Department of Archives and History. 1955. p. 584
665:
United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
767:
In that effort, he gained an important ally in U.S. President
634:
government's development efforts. Following a series of major
775:
and sought to neutralize Wallace as a potential adversary in
1903:"Albert P. Brewer, a Former Governor of Alabama, Dies at 88"
1086:
1962 Alabama House of Representatives, Morgan County Seat 1
1024:
1958 Alabama House of Representatives, Morgan County Seat 1
962:
1954 Alabama House of Representatives, Morgan County Seat 1
2539:
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2462:
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2182:
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2146:
2144:
2142:
1995:. Vol. 42, no. 282. January 21, 1954. p. 1.
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criticized Brewer for the publicity the scandal received.
455:
In 1953, Brewer chaired the "Young Democrats" chapter for
1148:
1966 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial Democratic primary
2792:"Albert Brewer, Alabama's 47th governor, dies at age 88"
414:
Albert Preston Brewer was born on October 26, 1928, in
394:, and as an Alabama state representative representing
1508:
1970 Alabama gubernatorial Democratic primary runoff
851:
On January 2, 2017, Brewer died in Jackson Hospital,
2569:
Rick Santorum and the problem with the "loser" label
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2165:"Brewer Serves His Tenure; Turns Out Short, Sweet"
808:Brewer speaking at Montevallo High School in 1976
4375:Speakers of the Alabama House of Representatives
3131:. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.
2955:Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1962
2931:Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1959
2907:Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1955
2883:Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1955
2049:. Associated Press. January 8, 1963. p. 1.
1974:Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1967
1264:1966 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election
386:from 1968 to 1971. He previously served as the
1590:1978 Alabama gubernatorial Democratic primary
1326:1970 Alabama gubernatorial Democratic primary
3827:
3291:
3109:Stand Up for Alabama: Governor George Wallace
668:complaining of bureaucratic interference and
8:
2819:"Former Alabama Gov. Albert Brewer has died"
2117:"Brewer Predicts 'Very Progressive 4 Years'"
563:, before Wallace was flown back to Alabama.
459:. In 1954, the incumbent legislator serving
3150:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
3112:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
4385:University of Alabama School of Law alumni
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3276:
3176:
3148:Alabama: The History of a Deep South State
1588:
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1262:
1146:
1084:
1022:
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846:Alabama Citizens for Constitutional Reform
42:
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820:. Instead, Brewer ran for governor again
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
844:. He was also an active leader with the
803:
422:so his father could take a job with the
2724:"Brewer exits right after parade's end"
1893:
878:1954 Alabama House of Representatives,
331: 1950; died 2006)
125:January 16, 1967 – May 7, 1968
72:May 7, 1968 – January 18, 1971
2868:
2618:
2453:
2429:
2417:
2393:
2381:
1967:
1965:
1963:
4365:People from McNairy County, Tennessee
4350:Democratic Party governors of Alabama
2007:"Sheriff M'Cutcheon Trails in Morgan"
1901:Sandomir, Richard (January 7, 2017).
1594:
1512:
1330:
1268:
1152:
1090:
1028:
966:
886:
7:
3146:Rogers, William Warren, ed. (1994).
642:and create new anti-pollution laws.
457:Alabama's 8th congressional district
226:January 1955 – January 1967
178:January 1963 – January 1967
2817:Archibald, John (January 2, 2017).
2596:. November 23, 2008. Archived from
699:1970 Alabama gubernatorial election
471:With the support of Governor-elect
432:University of Alabama School of Law
410:Brewer with his wife, Martha Farmer
2025:"Morgan Rejecting Voting Machines"
771:, who had defeated Wallace in the
25:
2031:. November 3, 1954. pp. 1–2.
4308:
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3844:Alabama House of Representatives
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2163:Wasson, Don F. (July 26, 1967).
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1227:
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581:stranded motorists to preferred
465:Alabama House of Representatives
392:Alabama House of Representatives
361:
209:Alabama House of Representatives
166:Alabama House of Representatives
4355:Lieutenant governors of Alabama
2123:. January 17, 1967. p. 17.
1940:Harvey, Gordon (May 12, 2008).
487:In 1964, Brewer and the future
328:
27:American politician (1928–2017)
3231:Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
3199:Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
2730:. January 19, 1971. p. 7.
1989:"Albert Brewer Runs For House"
549:lieutenant governor of Alabama
388:lieutenant governor of Alabama
113:Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
1:
4380:20th-century American lawyers
3262:May 7, 1968–January 18, 1971
3235:January 16, 1967–May 7, 1968
2978:"AL Lt. Governor - D Primary"
2594:"The Pains of Loyalty - TIME"
2567:Kornacki, Steve (2011-05-09)
1948:. Alabama Humanities Alliance
828:, Brewer endorsed Republican
382:politician who served as the
1942:"Albert P. Brewer (1968-71)"
864:Albert P. Brewer High School
2043:"Brewer Officially Speaker"
814:1974 gubernatorial election
755:Brewer supported Wallace's
693:1970 gubernatorial campaign
4401:
4370:Samford University faculty
3127:Harvey, Gordon E. (2002).
2013:. May 5, 1954. p. 12.
882:Seat 1 Democratic primary
773:1968 presidential election
757:1968 presidential campaign
696:
424:Tennessee Valley Authority
4302:
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3228:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3192:
3184:
3179:
3078:"AL Governor - D Primary"
3028:"AL Governor - D Primary"
2790:Staff (January 2, 2017).
2754:"AL Governor - D Primary"
2169:The Montgomery Advertiser
1870:
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600:Brewer (left) greets Dr.
506:. No electors pledged to
416:Bethel Springs, Tennessee
369:
277:Bethel Springs, Tennessee
250:
219:
171:
118:
65:
53:
41:
3180:Party political offices
3106:Frederick, Jeff (2007).
3053:"AL Governor - D Runoff"
2674:"AL Governor - D Runoff"
842:Cumberland School of Law
838:Cumberland School of Law
748:
742:
736:
726:
720:
714:
451:House of Representatives
384:47th governor of Alabama
1946:Encyclopedia of Alabama
654:Brewer believed that a
48:Official portrait, 1971
2728:Birmingham Post-Herald
2121:Birmingham Post-Herald
2011:Birmingham Post-Herald
809:
752:
640:Geigy Chemical Company
609:
536:
411:
2574:May 11, 2011, at the
807:
706:
599:
531:Official portrait as
530:
428:University of Alabama
409:
390:, the speaker of the
376:Albert Preston Brewer
343:University of Alabama
264:Albert Preston Brewer
3311:lieutenant governors
2743:, pp. 269, 335.
2654:Rawls, March 5, 2005
2600:on November 23, 2008
2558:, pp. 230, 233.
2225:, pp. 225, 238.
2136:, pp. 180, 186.
628:conflict of interest
164:58th Speaker of the
3258:Governor of Alabama
2531:, pp. 225–226.
2507:, pp. 240–241.
2495:, pp. 239–240.
2444:, pp. 245–246.
2357:, pp. 223–224.
2345:, pp. 236–238.
2309:, pp. 233–234.
2297:, pp. 229–230.
2285:, pp. 228–229.
2273:, pp. 227–228.
2237:, pp. 224–225.
2201:, pp. 220–221.
2106:, September 5, 1964
2103:The Birmingham News
2097:The Tuscaloosa News
1591:
1509:
1327:
1265:
1149:
1087:
1025:
963:
883:
853:Montgomery, Alabama
533:Lieutenant governor
523:Lieutenant governor
516:The Tuscaloosa News
502:slate committed to
496:lieutenant governor
440:Martha Helen Farmer
398:from 1955 to 1967.
294:Birmingham, Alabama
60:Governor of Alabama
3216:Political offices
2848:Brewer High School
2798:on January 3, 2017
1907:The New York Times
1589:
1507:
1325:
1263:
1147:
1085:
1023:
961:
877:
834:Samford University
810:
753:
670:social engineering
646:Legislative action
610:
604:; Alabama Senator
537:
504:Barry M. Goldwater
446:Legislative career
412:
189:Virgis M. Ashworth
4322:
4321:
3852:Alabama Territory
3809:
3808:
3274:
3273:
3265:Succeeded by
3238:Succeeded by
3206:Succeeded by
3003:"AL Lt. Governor"
2850:. Blackboard, Inc
2396:, pp. 23–24.
2384:, pp. 9, 23.
2086:, pp. 48–49.
2074:, pp. 47–48.
2047:The Decatur Daily
2029:The Decatur Daily
1993:The Decatur Daily
1885:
1884:
1587:
1586:
1505:
1504:
1323:
1322:
1261:
1260:
1236:John A. Reynolds
1145:
1144:
1083:
1082:
1021:
1020:
959:
958:
873:Electoral history
661:Lyndon B. Johnson
602:Wernher von Braun
561:honorary colonels
511:Lyndon B. Johnson
475:, he was elected
435:Men in Alabama.”
373:
372:
16:(Redirected from
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3888:State of Alabama
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3836:
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3813:
3636:
3635:
3300:
3293:
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2805:
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2794:. Archived from
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2750:
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2113:
2107:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1937:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1898:
1859:Cornelia Wallace
1592:
1510:
1328:
1266:
1150:
1088:
1026:
964:
884:
769:Richard M. Nixon
751:
749:
745:
743:
739:
737:
729:
727:
723:
721:
717:
715:
572:Executive action
380:Democratic Party
365:
332:
330:
290:
274:October 26, 1928
273:
271:
255:Personal details
243:
233:
224:
197:
185:
176:
154:
142:
123:
101:
89:
70:
46:
32:
21:
18:Albert P. Brewer
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4345:Alabama lawyers
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1218:John Tyson Sr.
934:Joe S. Elliott
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3166:External links
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2780:, p. 385.
2778:Frederick 2007
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508:U.S. President
492:James B. Allen
473:George Wallace
452:
449:
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403:
400:
371:
370:
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366:
359:
355:
354:
340:
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308:
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298:
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291:(aged 88)
285:
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207:Member of the
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105:George Wallace
102:
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84:
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78:
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55:
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3157:9780817307141
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3149:
3144:
3140:
3138:9780817311575
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3119:9780817315740
3115:
3111:
3110:
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2925:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2871:, p. 17.
2870:
2865:
2862:
2854:September 10,
2849:
2845:
2839:
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2820:
2813:
2810:
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2749:
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2725:
2719:
2716:
2704:
2700:
2699:"AL Governor"
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2663:Flowers, 2005
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:Decatur Daily
2640:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
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2599:
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2474:
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2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2432:, p. 27.
2431:
2426:
2423:
2420:, p. 21.
2419:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2390:
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2255:
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2195:
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2104:
2099:
2098:
2092:
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2085:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2062:, p. 40.
2061:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1952:September 10,
1947:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
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1912:September 10,
1908:
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1897:
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1821:Charles Woods
1819:
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1690:Sid McDonald
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1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1200:Neil Metcalf
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
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1141:
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1129:
1126:
1123:
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1118:
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1111:
1110:
1106:
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1089:
1079:
1076:
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1071:
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1027:
1017:
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997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:
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965:
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939:
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931:
928:
926:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
906:
902:
900:
885:
881:
880:Morgan County
872:
870:
867:
865:
858:
856:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:Arthur Bremer
815:
806:
799:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
733:
711:
705:
700:
692:
690:
687:
683:
677:
673:
671:
666:
662:
657:
656:school choice
652:
645:
643:
641:
637:
631:
629:
623:
620:
615:
607:
606:John Sparkman
603:
598:
594:
592:
587:
584:
578:
571:
566:
564:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
534:
529:
522:
520:
518:
517:
512:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
490:
485:
482:
478:
474:
469:
466:
462:
461:Morgan County
458:
450:
445:
443:
441:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
396:Morgan County
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
318:
317:Martha Farmer
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
295:
286:
282:
278:
262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
239:
236:Noble Russell
235:
229:
223:
218:
214:
213:Morgan County
210:
205:
202:
199:
193:
190:
187:
181:
175:
170:
167:
162:
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
135:
132:
128:
122:
117:
114:
109:
106:
103:
97:
94:
91:
85:
82:
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
52:
45:
40:
36:Albert Brewer
33:
30:
19:
4243:McCorquodale
4223:
3750:
3573:
3459:E. A. O'Neal
3256:
3241:Jere Beasley
3229:
3209:Jere Beasley
3197:nominee for
3193:
3147:
3128:
3108:
3085:. Retrieved
3082:OurCampaigns
3081:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3057:OurCampaigns
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3032:OurCampaigns
3031:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3007:OurCampaigns
3006:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2982:OurCampaigns
2981:
2972:
2960:. Retrieved
2954:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2930:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2906:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2882:
2876:
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2847:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2785:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2758:OurCampaigns
2757:
2748:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2703:OurCampaigns
2702:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2678:OurCampaigns
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2598:the original
2588:
2579:
2563:
2551:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2206:
2194:
2171:. p. 2.
2168:
2158:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1973:
1950:. Retrieved
1945:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:
1896:
1879:
1874:
1871:Total votes
1802:Ralph Price
1728:K.C. Foster
1709:Jere Beasley
1658:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1581:
1576:
1573:Total votes
1548:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1499:
1494:
1491:Total votes
1480:Ralph Price
1390:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1317:
1312:
1309:Total votes
1302:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1255:
1250:
1247:Total votes
1186:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1139:
1134:
1131:Total votes
1124:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1077:
1072:
1069:Total votes
1062:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1015:
1010:
1007:Total votes
1000:
995:
990:
983:
953:
948:
945:Total votes
920:
915:
910:
903:
868:
862:
850:
848:since 2000.
830:Emory Folmar
811:
794:
766:
761:Thanksgiving
754:
750: 70-80%
744: 60-70%
738: 50-60%
731:
728: 70-80%
722: 60-70%
716: 50-60%
709:
678:
674:
653:
649:
632:
624:
618:
613:
611:
608:is at center
588:
579:
575:
553:
538:
514:
489:U.S. Senator
486:
480:
470:
454:
437:
413:
375:
374:
289:(2017-01-02)
242:Succeeded by
221:
196:Succeeded by
173:
158:Jere Beasley
153:Succeeded by
120:
100:Succeeded by
80:
67:
29:
4340:2017 deaths
4335:1928 births
4020:A. B. Moore
3379:Fitzpatrick
3224:James Allen
3188:James Allen
3100:Works cited
2869:Harvey 2002
2630:Warren, 576
2619:Rogers 1994
2454:Harvey 2002
2430:Harvey 2002
2418:Harvey 2002
2394:Harvey 2002
2382:Harvey 2002
1648:Bill Baxley
781:race-baiter
494:, then the
246:Leslie Doss
232:Preceded by
201:Rankin Fite
184:Preceded by
146:James Allen
141:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
4329:Categories
4286:McCutcheon
4271:M. Hubbard
4163:Carmichael
4149:Carmichael
4082:J. Hubbard
4077:Harrington
3791:Folsom Jr.
3771:Folsom Jr.
3716:Carmichael
3671:Cunningham
3642:Lieutenant
3599:Folsom Jr.
3589:G. Wallace
3579:G. Wallace
3569:L. Wallace
3564:G. Wallace
3554:Folsom Sr.
3544:Folsom Sr.
3195:Democratic
3087:January 2,
3062:January 2,
3037:January 2,
3012:January 2,
2987:January 2,
2962:January 2,
2938:January 2,
2914:January 2,
2890:January 2,
2828:January 3,
2802:January 3,
2763:January 2,
2708:January 3,
2683:January 3,
1854:Democratic
1836:Democratic
1816:Democratic
1798:Democratic
1780:Democratic
1765:Jim Folsom
1760:Democratic
1742:Democratic
1724:Democratic
1704:Democratic
1686:Democratic
1668:Democratic
1641:Democratic
1613:Democratic
1598:Candidate
1577:1,085,823
1558:Democratic
1531:Democratic
1516:Candidate
1495:1,019,780
1476:Democratic
1458:Democratic
1443:Jim Folsom
1438:Democratic
1423:Asa Carter
1418:Democratic
1400:Democratic
1375:Democratic
1349:Democratic
1334:Candidate
1287:Democratic
1272:Candidate
1232:Democratic
1214:Democratic
1196:Democratic
1171:Democratic
1156:Candidate
1109:Democratic
1094:Candidate
1047:Democratic
1032:Candidate
985:Democratic
970:Candidate
930:Democratic
905:Democratic
890:Candidate
800:Later life
636:fish kills
591:motor pool
500:Republican
481:ex officio
402:Early life
305:Democratic
270:1928-10-26
77:Lieutenant
4293:Ledbetter
4044:R. Walker
4027:L. Walker
3999:S. Walker
3934:S. Walker
3868:J. Walker
3801:Ainsworth
3786:L. Baxley
3776:Siegelman
3766:B. Baxley
3661:McKinstry
3651:Applegate
3644:governors
3609:Siegelman
3559:Patterson
3504:Henderson
3499:E. O'Neal
3322:Governors
3307:Governors
2604:April 15,
2581:Salon.com
1620:Fob James
855:, at 88.
785:coalition
682:lame duck
617:had been
583:tow truck
358:Signature
339:Education
222:In office
174:In office
121:In office
68:In office
4313:Category
4280:(Acting)
4218:Ashworth
4138:Tunstall
4122:Clements
4105:Clements
4099:Anderson
4062:Crenshaw
4009:D. Moore
3761:McMillan
3741:Boutwell
3736:Hardwick
3696:McDowell
3479:Johnston
3469:T. Jones
3404:A. Moore
3354:S. Moore
3349:G. Moore
2572:Archived
1875:899,917
1693:143,930
1675:193,479
1654:210,089
1626:256,196
1565:525,951
1544:559,832
1407:149,987
1386:416,443
1360:428,146
1318:100.00%
1313:364,473
1298:364,473
1251:708,298
1203:125,047
1182:473,617
1140:100.00%
1078:100.00%
1016:100.00%
954:100.00%
710:Wallace:
686:Medicaid
614:de facto
567:Governor
215:, Seat 1
130:Governor
4264:Hammett
4180:Merrill
4169:Merritt
4143:Martin
4093:Parsons
4050:Jackson
4038:Garrett
3987:McClung
3975:McClung
3756:Beasley
3706:Merrill
3619:Bentley
3549:Persons
3514:Brandon
3484:Samford
3449:Houston
3439:Lindsay
3419:Parsons
3409:Shorter
3399:Winston
3394:Collier
3389:Chapman
3339:Pickens
3334:T. Bibb
3329:W. Bibb
3315:Alabama
1880:100.0%
1713:77,202
1582:100.0%
1500:100.0%
1427:15,441
1303:100.0%
1239:43,332
1221:66,302
1125:100.0%
1063:100.0%
1001:100.0%
949:12,447
826:in 1982
822:in 1978
789:liberal
732:Brewer:
619:de jure
477:Speaker
463:in the
420:Decatur
333:
325:
321:
4278:Gaston
4224:Brewer
4191:Norman
4186:Miller
4133:Pettus
4128:Waller
4111:Pettus
4072:McCraw
4067:Cooper
4033:Rather
3993:Phelan
3970:Oliver
3946:Oliver
3929:Oliver
3911:Dellet
3897:Dellet
3781:Windom
3751:Brewer
3711:Knight
3691:Miller
3574:Brewer
3539:Sparks
3529:Graves
3524:Miller
3519:Graves
3429:Swayne
3424:Patton
3384:Martin
3344:Murphy
3154:
3135:
3116:
2823:AL.com
1805:1,396
1787:1,776
1769:4,632
1749:4,730
1731:4,948
1696:16.0%
1678:21.5%
1659:23.4%
1631:28.5%
1601:Votes
1595:Party
1568:48.4%
1549:51.6%
1519:Votes
1513:Party
1483:2,804
1465:2,836
1447:4,123
1410:14.7%
1391:40.8%
1365:42.0%
1337:Votes
1331:Party
1275:Votes
1269:Party
1256:100.0
1206:17.7%
1187:66.9%
1159:Votes
1153:Party
1135:7,514
1120:7,514
1097:Votes
1091:Party
1073:4,954
1058:4,954
1035:Votes
1029:Party
1011:6,109
996:6,109
973:Votes
967:Party
940:36.3%
937:4,523
921:63.7%
916:7,924
893:Votes
887:Party
859:Legacy
535:, 1967
311:Spouse
296:, U.S.
279:, U.S.
81:Vacant
4257:Clark
4250:Drake
4237:Lyons
4213:Adams
4201:Brown
4174:Lynne
4156:Almon
4116:Clark
4087:Stone
4014:Erwin
4004:Baker
3981:Bagby
3959:Gayle
3940:Kelly
3924:Adair
3918:Bagby
3861:Moore
3746:Allen
3731:Allen
3726:Inzer
3721:Ellis
3701:Davis
3686:Kilby
3666:Ligon
3656:Moren
3614:Riley
3604:James
3584:James
3534:Dixon
3509:Kilby
3494:Comer
3489:Jelks
3474:Oates
3444:Lewis
3434:Smith
3414:Watts
3374:Bagby
3369:McVay
3359:Gayle
3203:1966
1888:Notes
1866:0.0%
1846:0.1%
1828:0.1%
1808:0.2%
1790:0.2%
1772:0.5%
1752:0.5%
1734:0.6%
1716:8.6%
1486:0.3%
1468:0.3%
1450:0.4%
1430:1.5%
1242:6.1%
1224:9.4%
327:(
323:
211:from
111:21st
58:47th
4231:Fite
4207:Fite
4196:Beck
4056:Meek
3965:Penn
3952:Clay
3904:Owen
3796:Ivey
3681:Seed
3676:Gray
3624:Ivey
3594:Hunt
3464:Seay
3454:Cobb
3364:Clay
3309:and
3152:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3114:ISBN
3089:2023
3064:2023
3039:2023
3014:2023
2989:2023
2964:2023
2940:2023
2916:2023
2892:2023
2856:2022
2830:2017
2804:2017
2765:2023
2710:2023
2685:2023
2606:2023
1954:2022
1914:2022
1863:217
1843:622
1825:700
777:1972
284:Died
260:Born
3313:of
836:'s
351:LLB
4331::
3080:.
3055:.
3030:.
3005:.
2980:.
2846:.
2821:.
2756:.
2726:.
2701:.
2676:.
2578:,
2536:^
2461:^
2362:^
2177:^
2167:.
2141:^
2119:.
2045:.
2027:.
2009:.
1991:.
1962:^
1944:.
1922:^
1905:.
1604:%
1522:%
1340:%
1278:%
1162:%
1100:%
1038:%
976:%
896:%
349:,
347:BA
329:m.
3835:e
3828:t
3821:v
3299:e
3292:t
3285:v
3160:.
3141:.
3122:.
3091:.
3066:.
3041:.
3016:.
2991:.
2966:.
2942:.
2918:.
2894:.
2858:.
2832:.
2806:.
2767:.
2712:.
2687:.
2608:.
1956:.
1916:.
353:)
345:(
272:)
268:(
20:)
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