487:
51:
332:
Al-Nadim includes an extract from Abū Maʿshar's book on the variations of astronomical tables, which describes how the
Persian kings gathered the best writing materials in the world to preserve their books on the sciences and deposited them in the Sarwayh fortress in the city of Jayy in
300:
Khurasani intellectual elite, and he defended an approach of a “most astonishing and inconsistent” eclecticism. His reputation saved him from religious persecution, although there is a report of one incident where he was whipped for his practice of astrology under the caliphate of
753:
We can single out for brief consideration only two of the many
Persians whose contributions were of great importance in the development of Islamic sciences in those days. Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (d. 272/886), who came from eastern Iran, was a rather famous astrologer and
322:–873), the foremost Arab philosopher of his time, who was versed in Aristotelism and Neoplatonism. It was his confrontation with al-Kindi that convinced Abū Maʿshar of the need to study “mathematics” in order to understand philosophical arguments.
240:
court in
Baghdad. While he was not a major innovator, his practical manuals for training astrologers profoundly influenced Muslim intellectual history and, through translations, that of western Europe and Byzantium.
646:), and in his introduction he mentions the astrological treatise on the horoscopes of men and women from the Kitab al-mawalid of Abu Ma'shar which is included in his book. This compilation was probably bound in
3204:
1145:
381:, an introduction to astrology which received many translations to Latin and Greek starting from the 11th-century. It had significant influence on Western philosophers, like
3194:
1479:
1297:
3189:
1206:
1073:
374:
His works on astronomy are not extant, but information can still be gleaned from summaries found in the works of later astronomers or from his astrology works.
3199:
2543:
1272:
2423:
1138:
311:, and according to biographical tradition, he only turned to astrology at the age of forty-seven (832/3). He became involved in a bitter dispute with
3174:
2417:
2196:
2047:
1154:
31:
710:...prolific writer Abu Ma'shar Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Balkhi, who was born in Khurasan in 787 A.D. and died in Wasit in Iraq in 886...
1951:
366:, studying Sassanid-era astrology in his "Kitab al-Qeranat" to predict the imminent collapse of Arab rule and the restoration of Iranian rule.
265:, remained culturally dedicated to its Sassanian and Hellenistic heritage. He probably came to Baghdad in the early years of the caliphate of
3169:
1972:
1722:
1041:
746:
599:
486:
1131:
1793:
1676:
782:
The introduction of
Aristotelian material was accompanied by the translation of major astrological texts, particularly Claudius Ptolemy's
2497:
1621:
1859:
1005:
983:
Abu Ma'shar and Latin
Aristotelianism in the Twelfth Century, The Recovery of Aristotle's Natural Philosophy through Iranian Astrology
594:, The Arabic Original and English Translation. Edited and translated by Keiji Yamamoto, Charles Burnett, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2019.
1018:
823:
775:
3179:
3128:
2536:
1823:
1813:
527:
in 1140. Lemay (1962) argued that the writings of
Albumasar were very likely the single most important original source for the
2834:
1681:
1616:
842:
1636:
1221:
3164:
2647:
1732:
1211:
1082:
1757:
3053:
2975:
1849:
2859:
2529:
2412:
2291:
2165:
2950:
2854:
1398:
1287:
3159:
2754:
2617:
1666:
1656:
1277:
1167:
1010:
617:
449:
to examine months and days of the year. It was a manual for astrologers. It was translated in the 12th century by
3048:
2904:
2759:
1933:
1737:
1514:
297:
191:
702:
The
Arrival of the Pagan Philosophers in the North:A Twelfth Century Florilegium in Edinburgh University Library
2809:
2739:
1747:
1641:
1282:
470:
2582:
1519:
325:
His foretelling of an event that subsequently occurred earned him a lashing ordered by the displeased Caliph
3123:
2749:
2627:
2577:
2466:
1752:
1701:
1363:
1353:
1292:
262:
3184:
2864:
2764:
2734:
2713:
2688:
2170:
2130:
1944:
1885:
1844:
1671:
1651:
1570:
1448:
401:("Book on religions and dynasties"), probably his most important work, commented on in the major works of
2819:
2662:
2437:
2231:
2145:
1818:
1631:
1600:
1545:
1333:
907:
892:, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 576–578, 626, 654, 656–658 & 660.
528:
3043:
2899:
2894:
2879:
2874:
2814:
2799:
2652:
2456:
2430:
2271:
2241:
1646:
1626:
1317:
1216:
1201:
1117:
410:
174:
3154:
3149:
2789:
2637:
2397:
2236:
2216:
2150:
2135:
2006:
1965:
1686:
1661:
1348:
1312:
1267:
524:
50:
2794:
2587:
2461:
2402:
2080:
1890:
1443:
1237:
1067:
261:
in the early 8th century. Its population, as was generally the case in the frontier areas of the
258:
128:
3083:
3068:
2032:
1691:
343:
mentions that Abū Maʿshar came to
Benaras (Varanasi) and studied astronomy there for ten years.
3098:
3073:
2970:
2703:
2492:
2487:
2361:
2221:
1880:
1762:
1696:
1408:
1037:
1014:
819:
815:
771:
742:
612:
595:
519:
406:
233:
170:
133:
89:
1783:
3118:
3113:
2985:
2622:
2553:
2502:
2471:
2346:
2336:
2266:
2125:
2085:
2070:
1993:
1958:
1938:
1803:
1788:
1509:
1358:
1247:
807:
469:("Book of nativities of men and women"), which was widely circulated in the Islamic world.
463:"). translated into Greek in 1000, and from that translation into Latin in the 13th century.
382:
351:
254:
71:
794:(1140), the major introduction to astrology composed by the Persian astrologer Abu Ma'shar.
2769:
2407:
2341:
2105:
2060:
1590:
1464:
1433:
1368:
1196:
1123:
931:
637:
588:, ed. Ch. Burnett, K. Yamamoto, M. Yano, Leiden-New York, 1994 (Arabic & Latin text).
539:
509:
474:
460:
450:
392:
162:
1423:
1383:
810:
Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures
266:
55:
Page of a 15th-century manuscript of the "Book of nativities" (BNF Arabe 2583 fol. 15v).
1049:
1029:
903:"Introduction to Astronomy, Containing the Eight Divided Books of Abu Ma'shar Abalachus"
3103:
3093:
3000:
2934:
2924:
2849:
2829:
2718:
2251:
2226:
2012:
1875:
1529:
1504:
1489:
1474:
1438:
1307:
1112:
543:
326:
302:
1000:
582:, ed. R. Lemay, Napoli, 1995–1996, 9 vols. (Arabic text & two Latin translations).
3143:
3108:
3078:
3005:
2708:
2371:
2281:
2155:
2025:
2018:
1717:
1585:
1560:
1499:
808:
651:
363:
337:. The depository continued to exist at the time al-Nadim wrote in the 10th century.
85:
3010:
2960:
2919:
2657:
2642:
2201:
2095:
1808:
1742:
1595:
1338:
1302:
340:
2884:
296:
Abū Maʿshar was a member of the third generation (after the Arab
Conquest) of the
560:, ed. K. Yamamoto, Ch. Burnett, Leiden, 2000, 2 vols. (Arabic & Latin text).
3088:
2929:
2914:
2909:
2889:
2869:
2607:
2592:
2567:
2376:
2366:
2331:
2140:
2120:
1999:
1839:
1575:
1524:
1484:
1252:
402:
355:
347:
166:
30:
This article is about the astrologer. For the historian and hadith scholar, see
3058:
2965:
2839:
2824:
2804:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2744:
2683:
2632:
2597:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2206:
2186:
2110:
1778:
1727:
1565:
1555:
1393:
1388:
1373:
276:
226:
636:
In 1390 ʻAbd al-Ḥasan Iṣfāhānī compiled a miscellany of treatises called the
2844:
2698:
2612:
2356:
2296:
2075:
1854:
1798:
1469:
1403:
1378:
1262:
1096:
446:
148:
144:
109:
2990:
2693:
2667:
2602:
2381:
2351:
2316:
2306:
2246:
2065:
1580:
1550:
1494:
1428:
1418:
1343:
1257:
432:
312:
270:
230:
158:
17:
708:, ed. Joseph Canning, Edmund J. King, Martial Staub, (Brill, 2011), 83;"
531:
for medieval
European scholars prior to the middle of the 12th century.
3063:
2286:
2276:
2211:
2160:
2100:
2090:
2055:
1413:
647:
359:
334:
282:
237:
113:
879:, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. 2, p. 656.
3015:
2980:
2955:
2521:
2261:
2256:
547:
307:
290:
1057:
902:
3025:
2326:
2191:
2115:
890:
The Fihrist of al-Nadīm: A Tenth-Century Survey of Islamic Culture
877:
The Fihrist of al-Nadīm: A Tenth-Century Survey of Islamic Culture
289:, the northeast gate of the original city on the west Bank of the
250:
67:
473:
copied excerpts into the 14th century illustrated manuscript the
391:, an abridged version of the above, later translated to Latin by
3020:
2995:
1084:
The 'Book of Surprises' (Kitab al-bulhan)of the Bodleian Library
1059:
Music Symbolism in Medieval and Renaissance Astrological Imagery
2525:
1911:
1165:
1127:
1984:
1062:. PhD diss., City University of New York, The Graduate Center.
490:
Page spread from the 1515 Venetian edition of Abu Ma'shar's
425:("Book of the indications of the planetary conjunctions"),
346:
Abū Maʿshar is said to have died at the age of 98 (but a
423:
Kitāb al-dalālāt ʿalā al-ittiṣālāt wa-qirānāt al-kawākib
741:(Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 584.
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
431:("Book of thousands"), preserved only in summaries by
1030:"Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhi"
720:
718:
3034:
2943:
2727:
2676:
2560:
2480:
2449:
2390:
2179:
2046:
1982:
1922:
1868:
1832:
1771:
1710:
1609:
1538:
1457:
1326:
1230:
1189:
212:
Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī
154:
140:
124:
119:
105:
100:
78:
60:
41:
706:Knowledge, Discipline and Power in the Middle Ages
417:Fī dhikr ma tadullu ʿalayhi al-ashkhāṣ al-ʿulwiyya
970:Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe
419:("On the indications of the celestial objects"),
329:. "I hit the mark and I was severely punished."
546:of Augsburg in 1488/9. It was again printed in
358:in eastern Iraq, during the last two nights of
236:, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the
3205:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
2537:
1139:
566:, ed. D. Pingree, Leipzig, 1968 (Greek text).
516:, and again, less literally and abridged, as
281:(10th century), he lived on the West Side of
8:
1098:Kitab al-Bulhan, MS. Bodl. Or. 133, fol. 34r
1034:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
1001:"Abū Ma'shar al-Balkhī, Ja'far ibn Muḥammad"
641:
362:of AH 272 (9 March 866). Abū Maʿshar was a
274:
215:
843:"Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi"
602:://youtu.be/uX_jcHISOCE?si=1ZMKjTy2Yu5sZ5C5
2544:
2530:
2522:
1926:
1919:
1908:
1175:
1162:
1146:
1132:
1124:
1072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
972:, (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 189.
830:Since he was of Persian (Afghan) origin...
459:("Book of the revolutions of the years of
257:, one of the main bases of support of the
38:
3195:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
1101:. Bodleian Library: University of Oxford.
1032:. In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).
768:Biographical encyclopedia of astronomers
689:
576:(Tempe, Az.: A.F.A., Inc., 2008): 13–66.
485:
1155:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
739:The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume 4
724:
667:
629:
3190:Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate
1952:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1298:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1065:
1973:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
814:. Berlin New York: Springer. p.
508:) was first translated into Latin by
7:
932:"ABŪ MAʿŠAR – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
32:Abu Ma'shar Najih al-Sindi al-Madani
3200:9th-century Arabic-language writers
956:
642:
592:The Great Introduction to Astrology
534:Herman of Carinthia's translation,
217:أبو معشر جعفر بن محمد بن عمر البلخي
216:
1036:. New York: Springer. p. 11.
1006:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
770:. New York: Springer. p. 91.
467:Kitāb mawālīd al-rijāl wa-ʾl-nisāʾ
305:(r. 862–866). He was a scholar of
27:Persian astrologer and philosopher
25:
49:
3175:9th-century Iranian astronomers
1677:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
2166:Schema for horizontal sundials
1682:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
1207:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1:
786:(1138), the pseudo-Ptolemaic
572:ed. James Herschel Holden in
564:De revolutionibus nativitatum
514:Introductorium in Astronomiam
502:
457:Kitāb taḥāwil sinī al-mawālīd
316:
3170:Medieval Iranian astrologers
2424:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
1056:Blažeković, Zdravko (1997).
497:Albumasar's "Introduction" (
482:Latin and Greek translations
249:Abū Maʿshar was a native of
2413:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1617:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
439:Kitāb taḥāwīl sinī al-ʿālam
275:
269:(r. 813–833). According to
223:10 August 787 – 9 March 886
3221:
1657:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
618:List of Iranian scientists
399:Kitāb al-milal wa-ʾl-duwal
389:Kitāb mukhtaṣar al-madkhal
29:
2498:Medieval European science
1929:
1918:
1907:
1758:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1515:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
1178:
1174:
1161:
1009:. Vol. 1. New York:
574:Five Medieval Astrologers
558:De magnis coniunctionibus
536:De magnis coniunctionibus
499:Kitāb al-mudkhal al-kabīr
492:De Magnis Coniunctionibus
379:Kitāb al-madkhal al-kabīr
222:
214:
181:
96:
48:
1748:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1642:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
1283:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
1095:Isfahani (al-) (1931) .
1028:Yamamoto, Keiji (2007).
737:Frye, R.N., ed. (1975).
3180:9th-century astrologers
3124:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
3104:Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani
1850:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
1824:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1702:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1622:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
1011:Charles Scribner's Sons
999:Pingree, David (1970).
806:Selin, Helaine (2008).
766:Hockey, Thomas (2014).
263:Arab conquest of Persia
229:171–272), was an early
3054:Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah
3049:Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini
2735:Abu Dawud al-Sijistani
2131:Navigational astrolabe
1886:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1652:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1571:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1520:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
1449:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
968:Stephen C. McCluskey,
938:. Encyclopedia Iranica
652:Jalayirid Sultan Ahmad
600:978-90-04-38123-0https
520:magnis coniunctionibus
494:
471:ʻAbd al-Ḥasan Iṣfāhānī
443:Flowers of Abu Ma'shar
2951:Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr
2835:Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi
2663:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
2573:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
2467:Hellenistic astronomy
2438:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
2232:Deferent and epicycle
1632:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1601:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
1243:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
1113:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
936:www.iranicaonline.org
908:World Digital Library
847:TheFreeDictionary.com
529:recovery of Aristotle
489:
188:Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi
82:9 March 886 (aged 98)
43:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
3165:Astrological writers
3059:Abu Muslim Khorasani
2765:Abu Qasim Samarqandi
2755:Abu Layth Samarqandi
2653:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
2628:Abu Ja'far al-Khazin
2457:Babylonian astronomy
2272:Gravitational energy
1647:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1637:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
1318:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
1217:Mashallah ibn Athari
1202:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
1118:Encyclopedia Iranica
792:Maius Introductorium
650:during the reign of
580:Introductorium maius
550:, in 1506 and 1515.
411:Pico della Mirandola
175:Pico della Mirandola
2398:Al-Azhar University
2217:Celestial mechanics
2007:Book of Fixed Stars
1966:The Book of Healing
1945:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1687:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1662:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1273:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
1268:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
704:, Charles Burnett,
525:Herman of Carinthia
364:Persian nationalist
101:Academic background
3044:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
2925:Tha'labi Nishapuri
2740:Abu Barakat Nasafi
2568:Abu Hatam Isfizari
2462:Egyptian astronomy
2403:House of Knowledge
2081:Astronomical clock
1891:Muhammad al-Rudani
1288:Banū Mūsā brothers
1238:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
1081:Carboni, Stefano,
1013:. pp. 32–39.
495:
352:Islamic year count
129:Islamic Golden Age
3160:People from Balkh
3137:
3136:
3099:Khalid ibn Barmak
3074:Ata-Malik Juvayni
3037:political figures
2944:Poets and artists
2800:Fatima Samarqandi
2704:Haji Bektash Veli
2583:Abu Ubayd Juzjani
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2493:Chinese astronomy
2488:Byzantine science
2362:Temporal finitism
2292:Islamic cosmology
2222:Celestial spheres
2042:
2041:
1934:Arabic star names
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1763:Fathullah Shirazi
1697:Al-Ashraf Umar II
1409:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
1212:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1043:978-0-387-31022-0
748:978-0-521-20093-6
613:Islamic astrology
553:Modern editions:
350:according to the
234:Muslim astrologer
185:
184:
90:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
3212:
3129:Shihab al-Nasawi
3114:Tahir ibn Husayn
2986:Farrukhi Sistani
2961:Aruzi Samarqandi
2760:Abu Mu'in Nasafi
2728:Islamic scholars
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2503:Indian astronomy
2472:Indian astronomy
2440:
2433:
2426:
2347:Sublunary sphere
2337:Specific gravity
2237:Earth's rotation
2126:Mural instrument
2071:Armillary sphere
1994:Alfonsine tables
1959:Tabula Rogeriana
1939:Islamic calendar
1927:
1920:
1909:
1804:Sibt al-Maridini
1789:Jamshid al-Kashi
1510:Said al-Andalusi
1313:Thābit ibn Qurra
1248:Abu Said Gorgani
1222:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
1176:
1163:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1102:
1091:
1089:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1047:
1024:
986:
979:
973:
966:
960:
954:
948:
947:
945:
943:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
899:
893:
886:
880:
873:
867:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
839:
833:
832:
813:
803:
797:
796:
790:(1136), and the
763:
757:
756:
734:
728:
722:
713:
699:
693:
687:
655:
645:
644:
634:
507:
504:
383:Albert the Great
321:
318:
298:Pahlavi-oriented
280:
224:
220:
219:
218:
53:
39:
21:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3084:Abu Ali Bal'ami
3069:Ali-Shir Nava'i
3036:
3030:
2971:Attar Nishapuri
2939:
2820:Hakim Nishapuri
2750:Abu Hafs Nasafi
2723:
2672:
2588:Abu Zayd Balkhi
2556:
2550:
2520:
2507:
2476:
2445:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2408:House of Wisdom
2386:
2342:Spherical Earth
2175:
2106:Equatorial ring
2086:Celestial globe
2061:Analog computer
2038:
2033:Sullam al-sama'
1978:
1914:
1895:
1864:
1828:
1767:
1706:
1605:
1591:Jabir ibn Aflah
1534:
1465:Abu Nasr Mansur
1453:
1434:Abolfadl Harawi
1369:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
1322:
1226:
1197:Ahmad Nahavandi
1185:
1170:
1157:
1152:
1109:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1064:
1055:
1044:
1027:
1021:
998:
995:
990:
989:
981:Richard Lemay,
980:
976:
967:
963:
955:
951:
941:
939:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
901:
900:
896:
887:
883:
874:
870:
866:Pingree (2008).
865:
861:
851:
849:
841:
840:
836:
826:
805:
804:
800:
778:
765:
764:
760:
749:
736:
735:
731:
723:
716:
700:
696:
688:
669:
664:
659:
658:
638:Kitab al-Bulhan
635:
631:
626:
609:
510:John of Seville
505:
484:
475:Kitab al-Bulhan
451:John of Seville
393:Adelard of Bath
372:
319:
247:
163:Albertus Magnus
131:
92:
83:
74:
65:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Ibn Khordadbeh
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3035:Historians and
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Hakim Tirmidhi
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2252:Elliptic orbit
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Circular orbit
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2013:Toledan Tables
2010:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Yang Guangxian
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1530:Ali ibn Khalaf
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Kushyar Gilani
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Ali ibn Ridwan
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Haseb-i Tabari
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Sahl ibn Bishr
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1108:
1107:External links
1105:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1078:
1053:
1042:
1025:
1019:
994:
991:
988:
987:
974:
961:
949:
922:
894:
888:Bayard Dodge,
881:
875:Bayard Dodge,
868:
859:
834:
824:
798:
776:
758:
747:
729:
714:
694:
666:
665:
663:
660:
657:
656:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
620:
615:
608:
605:
604:
603:
589:
583:
577:
567:
561:
544:Erhard Ratdolt
483:
480:
479:
478:
464:
454:
436:
426:
420:
414:
407:Pierre d'Ailly
396:
386:
371:
368:
259:Abbasid revolt
246:
243:
183:
182:
179:
178:
171:Pierre d'Ailly
156:
152:
151:
142:
141:Main interests
138:
137:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
84:
80:
76:
75:
66:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3217:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Yahya Barmaki
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Nizam al-Mulk
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Nasir Khusraw
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Mulla al-Qari
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Nasir Khusraw
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Hasib Marwazi
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:Observatories
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Triangulation
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Heliocentrism
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Shadow square
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:Zij-i Sultani
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:Zij-i Ilkhani
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Kadızade Rumi
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Ibn al-Shatir
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Ibn al-Kammad
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Ibn al-Saffar
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1020:0-684-10114-9
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
996:
992:
984:
978:
975:
971:
965:
962:
958:
953:
950:
937:
933:
926:
923:
910:
909:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
863:
860:
848:
844:
838:
835:
831:
827:
825:9781402049606
821:
817:
812:
811:
802:
799:
795:
793:
789:
785:
779:
777:9781441999184
773:
769:
762:
759:
755:
750:
744:
740:
733:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
695:
691:
690:Yamamoto 2007
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
668:
661:
653:
649:
639:
633:
630:
623:
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586:Ysagoga minor
584:
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429:Kitāb al-ulūf
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64:10 August 787
63:
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52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3011:Rabia Balkhi
2677:Philosophers
2658:Omar Khayyam
2572:
2391:Institutions
2242:Eccentricity
2202:Astrophysics
2096:Compass rose
2031:
2024:
2017:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1809:Ibn al-Majdi
1784:Abd al‐Wajid
1743:Al-Wabkanawi
1738:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1627:Jamal ad-Din
1596:Omar Khayyam
1424:Al-ʻIjliyyah
1399:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
1384:Ibn al-A'lam
1303:Al-Khwarizmi
1242:
1116:
1097:
1083:
1058:
1033:
1004:
993:Bibliography
982:
977:
969:
964:
959:, p. 3.
952:
940:. Retrieved
935:
930:Pingree, D.
925:
913:. Retrieved
906:
897:
889:
884:
876:
871:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
829:
809:
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791:
788:Centiloquium
787:
783:
781:
767:
761:
752:
738:
732:
725:Pingree 1970
709:
705:
701:
697:
654:(1382–1410).
643:كتاب البلهان
632:
591:
585:
579:
573:
570:Liber florum
569:
563:
557:
552:
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517:
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512:in 1133, as
498:
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345:
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287:Bab Khurasan
286:
248:
211:
210:; full name
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
186:
36:
3089:Gawhar Shad
2935:Zamakhshari
2915:Shaykh Tusi
2830:Ibn Mubarak
2719:Shahrastani
2377:Tusi couple
2367:Trepidation
2332:Salah times
2267:Geocentrism
2141:Planisphere
2121:Graph paper
2048:Instruments
2000:Huihui Lifa
1881:Ehmedê Xanî
1840:Al-Birjandi
1819:al-Kubunani
1576:Abu al-Salt
1525:Al-Isfizari
1485:Ibn al-Samh
1364:Abu al-Wafa
1349:al-Khojandi
1253:Al-Farghani
1168:Astronomers
1090:, p. 3
1050:PDF version
942:11 February
784:Tetrabiblos
754:astronomer.
403:Roger Bacon
348:centenarian
327:al-Musta'in
303:al-Musta'in
167:Roger Bacon
134:Abbasid era
3185:Shu'ubiyya
3155:886 deaths
3150:787 births
3144:Categories
2966:Asadi Tusi
2860:Marghinani
2825:Ibn Hibban
2745:Abu Hanifa
2623:Ibn Hayyan
2598:Ali Qushji
2593:Alfraganus
2561:Scientists
2552:People of
2481:Influenced
2450:Influences
2322:Precession
2302:Multiverse
2207:Axial tilt
2187:Almucantar
2171:Triquetrum
2111:Equatorium
1860:Takiyüddin
1733:al-Battiwi
1728:Ibn Shuayb
1723:Al-Khalili
1566:Al-Khazini
1561:Al-Kharaqī
1556:Ibn Tufail
1546:Al-Bitruji
1480:Al-Zarqālī
1444:al-Majriti
1394:Al-Saghani
1389:Al-Nayrizi
1374:al-Battani
1293:Iranshahri
1278:Al-Marwazi
1182:by century
852:13 January
662:References
506: 848
501:, written
477:(ca.1390).
461:nativities
447:horoscopes
320: 796
277:Al-Fihrist
155:Influenced
106:Influences
2920:Taftazani
2905:Sajawandi
2714:Sijistani
2643:Khwarizmi
2357:Supernova
2312:Obliquity
2297:Moonlight
2197:Astrology
2076:Astrolabe
1855:Piri Reis
1845:al-Khafri
1814:al-Wafa'i
1799:Ulugh Beg
1779:Ali Kuşçu
1753:al-Jadiri
1672:al-Abhari
1470:al-Biruni
1404:Ibn Yunus
1379:Al-Qabisi
1354:al-Khazin
1263:Al-Mahani
1068:cite book
267:al-Maʾmūn
208:Albumazar
196:Albumasar
192:Latinized
149:Astronomy
145:Astrology
110:Aristotle
18:Albumasar
2991:Ferdowsi
2930:Tirmidhi
2910:Sarakhsi
2890:Qushayri
2865:Maturidi
2810:Ghaznawi
2694:Avicenna
2638:Khojandi
2608:Birjandi
2603:Avicenna
2578:Abu Wafa
2554:Khorasan
2431:Maragheh
2382:Universe
2352:Sunlight
2317:Parallax
2307:Muwaqqit
2247:Ecliptic
2180:Concepts
2146:Quadrant
2066:Aperture
1581:Averroes
1551:Avempace
1495:Avicenna
1429:Nastulus
1419:al-Sijzi
1344:Al-Adami
1258:Al-Kindi
607:See also
445:), uses
313:al-Kindi
271:al-Nadim
255:Khurasan
221: ;
159:Al-Sijzi
88:, Iraq,
72:Khurasan
3064:Gardizi
3001:Kashifi
2875:Muqatil
2855:Lamishi
2850:Kashifi
2840:Juwayni
2805:Ghazali
2790:Bukhari
2785:Bazdawi
2780:Bayhaqi
2775:Baghavi
2684:Algazel
2633:Khazini
2287:Inertia
2277:Gravity
2212:Azimuth
2161:Sundial
2151:Sextant
2101:Dioptra
2091:Compass
2056:Alidade
1667:al-Urdi
1490:Alhazen
1414:Ma Yize
1359:al-Qūhī
1334:al-Sufi
1115:at the
985:, 1962.
957:Carboni
915:15 July
648:Baghdad
360:Ramadan
335:Isfahan
285:, near
283:Baghdad
238:Abbasid
231:Persian
204:Albuxar
200:Albusar
114:Ptolemy
3026:Sanā'ī
3016:Rudaki
2981:Daqiqi
2976:Behzad
2956:Anvari
2900:Sabuni
2885:Nasa'i
2880:Muslim
2845:Kasani
2795:Dabusi
2770:Ansari
2699:Farabi
2648:Nasawi
2613:Biruni
2262:Galaxy
2257:Equant
2192:Apogee
2136:Octant
1913:Topics
1040:
1017:
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548:Venice
538:, was
409:, and
308:hadith
291:Tigris
198:(also
2689:Amiri
2668:Sijzi
2327:Qibla
2116:Globe
1923:Works
1088:(PDF)
624:Notes
523:, by
433:Sijzī
370:Works
356:Wāsiṭ
354:) in
251:Balkh
86:Wāsiṭ
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3079:Aufi
3021:Rumi
2996:Jami
2895:Razi
1869:17th
1833:16th
1772:15th
1711:14th
1610:13th
1539:12th
1458:11th
1327:10th
1074:link
1038:ISBN
1015:ISBN
944:2017
917:2013
854:2023
820:ISBN
772:ISBN
743:ISBN
596:ISBN
273:'s
245:Life
112:and
79:Died
61:Born
1985:Zij
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253:in
194:as
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