1071:
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1347:. 2014. Turtles of the world, 7th edition: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution with maps, and conservation status. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Saumure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group.
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The
Aldabra giant tortoise has two main varieties of shells, related to their habitat. Specimens living in habitats with food available primarily on the ground have more dome-shaped shells with the front extending downward over the neck. Those living in an environment with food available higher above
506:
Females are generally smaller than males, with average specimens measuring 91 cm (36 in) in carapace length and weighing 159 kg (351 lb). Medium-sized specimens in captivity were reported as 70 to 110 kg (150 to 240 lb) in body mass. Another study found body masses of up
1205:
A reference genome and low-coverage sequencing analyses has looked at revealing within- and among-island genetic differentiation within the
Aldabra population, as well as assigning likely origins for zoo-housed individuals. This has managed to differentiate between individuals sampled on Malabar and
1078:
Aldabra tortoises are found both individually and in herds, which tend to gather mostly on open grasslands. They are most active in the mornings, when they spend time grazing and browsing for food. They dig wallows, hide under shade trees or in small caves, as well as submerge themselves in pools to
1162:
maintains a small herd of
Aldabra tortoises and they have reproduced several times since 1999. One female typically lays eggs in November and again in January, providing the weather is warm enough to go outside for laying. The zoo also incubates their eggs artificially, keeping two separate
847:
As the
Aldabra giant tortoise is primarily herbivorous it spends much of its time browsing for food in its surrounding well-vegetated environment. The Aldabra giant tortoise is known to be found in places that are commonly known as "tortoise turf". Tortoise turf is composed of:
446:
Many of the Indian Ocean species were thought to be driven to extinction by over-exploitation by
European sailors, and they were all seemingly extinct by 1840 with the exception of the Aldabran giant tortoise on the island atoll of Aldabra. Although some remnant individuals of
442:
in the world. Historically, giant tortoises were found on many of the western Indian Ocean islands, as well as
Madagascar, and the fossil record indicates giant tortoises once occurred on every continent and many islands with the exception of Australia and Antarctica.
371:
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1791:
Kehlmaier, Christian; Graciá, Eva; Ali, Jason R.; Campbell, Patrick D.; Chapman, Sandra D.; Deepak, V.; Ihlow, Flora; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Pierre-Huyet, Laure; Samonds, Karen E.; Vences, Miguel; Fritz, Uwe (2023-01-13).
1087:
Large tortoises are among the longest-lived animals. Some individual
Aldabra giant tortoises are thought to be over 200 years of age, but this is difficult to verify because they tend to outlive their human observers.
1155:. Usually, less than half of the eggs are fertile. Females can produce multiple clutches of eggs in a year. After incubating for about eight months, the tiny, independent young hatch between October and December.
373:
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Contribution à la connaisance des tortues terrestres des
Seychelles: définition du genre endémique et description d'une espéce nouvelle probablement originaire des îles grantiques & bord de l'extinction
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in the
Seychelles. The atoll has been protected from human influence and is home to some 100,000 giant tortoises, the world's largest population of the animal. Smaller populations of
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due to the grazing pressures of the tortoises: "tortoise turf", a comingling of 20+ species of grasses and herbs. Many of these distinct plants are naturally dwarfed and grow their
2174:
Collins, Dave. (1984) "Captive
Breeding and Management of the Aldabra Tortoise". Presented to 8th International Herpetological Symposium, Jacksonville Zoo, Jacksonville, Fl.
1508:
1123:, is thought to be the oldest living giant tortoise at the age of 192 years. Esmeralda, an Aldabra giant tortoise, is second at the age of 180 years, since the death of
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1914:
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to establish a preserve at the end of the 19th century. The related, but distinct, species of giant tortoise from the Seychelles islands, Seychelles giant tortoise
5916:
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Stearns, Brett C. (2007). "Captive husbandry and propagation of the Aldabra giant tortoise Geochelone gigantea: At the institute for Herpetological Research".
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in 1875. At his death in March 2006 at the Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) Zoo in India, Adwaita is reputed to have reached the longest ever measured
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legs to support its heavy body. The neck of the Aldabra giant tortoise is very long, even for its great size, which helps the animal to exploit
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1866:
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incubators at 27 °C (81 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F). On average, the eggs kept at the latter temperature hatch in 107 days.
2224:Çilingir, F Gözde; A'Bear, Luke; Hansen, Dennis; Davis, Leyla R; Bunbury, Nancy; Ozgul, Arpat; Croll, Daniel; Grossen, Christine (2022).
1584:"Seed Dispersal and Establishment of Endangered Plants on Oceanic Islands: The Janzen-Connell Model, and the Use of Ecological Analogues"
6176:
2184:
Spratt, David M.J. (1989). "Operation Curiesue: A Conservation Programme for the Aldabra Giant Tortoise in the Republic of Seychelles".
1641:
Hughes, G. M.; Gaymer, R.; Moore, Margaret; Woakes, A. J. (1971). "Respiratory Exchange and Body Size in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise".
6037:
2226:"Chromosome-level genome assembly for the Aldabra giant tortoise enables insights into the genetic health of a threatened population"
616:
315:
5622:
2478:
1794:"Ancient DNA elucidates the lost world of western Indian Ocean giant tortoises and reveals a new extinct species from Madagascar"
1454:"Are the native giant tortoises from the Seychelles really extinct? A genetic perspective based on mtDNA and microsatellite data"
1120:
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Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
3396:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
3092:
2907:
1906:
3077:
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2729:
1344:
2280:
1692:; Reptilia, Testudines): usage of the specific name conserved by maintenance of a designated neotype, and suppression of
5437:
1022:
640:, Seychelles giant tortoise, from the Seychelles islands of Cerf, Cousine, Frégate, Mahé, Praslin, Round, and Silhouette
110:
5585:
3395:
503:, its carapace averages 122 cm (48 in) in length. Males have an average weight of 250 kg (550 lb).
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is available for drinking in the tortoises' natural habitat, so they obtain most of their moisture from their food.
609:
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The Conservation Biology of Tortoises, Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), No. 5, 1989.
6186:
5921:
5793:
3852:
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1202:, were the subject of a captive-breeding and reintroduction program by the Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles.
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Mating takes place between February and May, and in July-September females lay between 9 and 25 hard-shelled
653:
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808:, even eating the bodies of other dead tortoises. In captivity, Aldabra giant tortoises are known to consume
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the ground have more flattened top shells with the front raised to allow the neck to extend upward freely.
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from Madagascar, from which it is estimaged to have diverged from approximately 4.5 million years ago.
500:
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As the largest animal in its environment, the Aldabra tortoise performs a role similar to that of the
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Palkovacs, Eric P.; Marschner, Monique; Ciofi, Claudio; Gerlach, Justin; Caccone, Adalgisa (2003).
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not from the tops of the plants, but closer to the ground to avoid the tortoises' close-cropping
381:
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73:
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2019:
1984:
Grubb, P. (1971). "The growth, ecology and population structure of giant tortoises on Aldabra".
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of the British Museum, who later moved to the Natural History Museum of London, enlisting
854:
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776:. Their vigorous search for food fells trees and creates pathways used by other animals.
1997:
1952:
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The Gigantic Land-Tortoises (Living and Extinct) in the Collection of the British Museum
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820:, as well as compressed vegetable pellets. In 2020, a female Aldabra giant tortoise on
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branches up to a meter from the ground as a food source. Similar in size to the famous
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may remain in captivity, in recent times, these have all been reduced as subspecies of
319:
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804:, woody plant stems, and fruit. They occasionally indulge in small invertebrates and
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is a brown or tan in color with a high, domed shape. The species has stocky, heavily
472:
414:
202:
182:
78:
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The Aldabra giant tortoise has an unusually long history of organized conservation.
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1986:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
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The main population of the Aldabra giant tortoise resides on the islands of the
521:
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49:
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467:
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5453:
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3544:
3535:
2866:
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2375:
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2053:
1961:
1936:
1093:
828:, indicating that the species was in the process of learning to catch birds.
645:
587:
555:
476:
423:
172:
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1825:
1310:
Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Tome Second
5697:
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1191:
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793:
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721:
625:, Daudin's giant tortoise, from the Seychelles island of Mahé (extinct 1850)
122:
41:
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2005:
1970:
1843:
1817:
1713:
1627:
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in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a
6102:
5934:
1891:
1662:
1178:
Engraving of an Elephant-Tortoise from “The Royal Natural History” (1896)
1127:, a Galapagos giant tortoise, at 175. An Aldabra giant tortoise living on
6123:
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5772:
5643:
5361:
5290:
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5199:
5095:
4760:
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3701:
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3251:
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2407:
2351:
2332:
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1654:
773:
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559:
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192:
142:
1582:
Hansen, Dennis M.; Kaiser, Christopher N.; Müller, Christine B. (2008).
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and other famous scientists to help him, worked with the government of
1128:
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754:
713:
682:
435:
402:
152:
5882:
1907:"A giant tortoise was caught stalking, killing and eating a baby bird"
1488:
1413:
1292:
Schweigger, Augustus F. (1812). "Prodromus monographiae Cheloniorum".
6032:
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3436:
2345:
1206:
Grande Terre and resolve the exact origin of zoo-housed individuals.
817:
162:
132:
5749:
712:
Another isolated population of the species resides on the island of
728:. The tortoises exploit many different kinds of habitat, including
529:. After a debate that lasted two years with many submissions, the
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over this recently used name (ICZN 2013). This also affected the
3943:
1152:
801:
762:
496:
5753:
5611:
3409:
2305:
1381:
Palkovacs, Eric P.; Gerlach, Justin; Caccone, Adalgisa (2002).
2281:
Aldabra giant tortoise at EMY System and World Turtle Database
766:
3405:
1092:
was reputedly one of four brought by British seamen from the
1308:
Duméril, André Marie Constant, and Bibron, Gabriel. (1835).
605:, Arnold's giant tortoise from the Seychelles island of Mahé
720:. Other captive populations exist in conservation parks in
1222:
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996).
519:, but in recent times, attempts were made to use the name
380:(video) A pair of Aldabra giant tortoises at Tobu Zoo in
1294:
Königsberger Archiv für Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik
1074:
Aldabra giant tortoise foot, an efficient digging tool
663:
is most closely related to the extinct giant tortoise
1890:. Seychelles National Parks Authority. Archived from
1383:"The evolutionary origin of Indian Ocean tortoises (
6113:
6007:
5762:
5721:
5650:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5485:
5371:
5344:
5209:
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2505:
2447:
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1371:
Neptune, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd.
2117:"Reproductive study of Giant tortoises on Aldabra"
709:), where they are a popular tourist attraction.
507:to 132 kg (291 lb) most commonplace.
2286:Seychelles Giant Tortoise Conservation Project
1935:Zora, Anna; Gerlach, Justin (23 August 2021).
1349:Chelonian Research Monographs 5(7):000.329–479
471:A skeleton of Aldabra giant tortoise found on
5623:
5584:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
3421:
3394:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2317:
1773:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1304:
1302:
8:
1358:, doi:10.3854/ crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014.
1320:
1318:
1288:
1286:
1247:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T9010A12949962.en
824:was observed hunting and eating a juvenile
5750:
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5608:
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5527:
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4947:
4624:
4398:
3901:
3819:
3551:
3540:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3428:
3414:
3406:
2400:
2324:
2310:
2302:
2080:"Tortoise has his first bath in 184 years"
2078:ninemsn Pickle. - Australia (2016-03-25).
1447:
1445:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1131:off Zanzibar is reportedly 198 years old.
67:
40:
31:
2249:
2132:
1960:
1833:
1740:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1617:
1607:
1245:
2110:
2108:
1937:"Giant tortoises hunt and consume birds"
533:eventually decided to conserve the name
2020:"Vegetation of Aldabra, a Reassessment"
2018:Hnatiuk, R.J. and L.F.H. Merton (1979)
1702:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1214:
1158:In captivity, oviposition dates vary.
2857:Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise
2851:Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise
1079:keep cool during the heat of the day.
515:This species is widely referred to as
1394:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
2033:No. 239, The Smithsonian Institution
1749:, new species, p. 118). (in French).
1328:. London: Taylor and Francis, 96 pp.
1233:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
541:name for the species, establishing
2198:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1989.tb03256.x
2162:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1988.tb03201.x
2134:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04138.x
2044:"'Clive of India's' tortoise dies"
681:An isolated population resides on
652:, is in honor of French zoologist
586:, Aldabra giant tortoise from the
25:
1771:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1558:"ANIMAL BYTES – Aldabra Tortoise"
1533:"ANIMAL BYTES – Aldabra Tortoise"
1112:of 255 years (birth year 1750).
1104:in the 18th century, and came to
6167:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2420:
1905:Lambert, Jonathan (2021-08-23).
1481:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01834.x
788:A giant tortoise browsing leaves
703:Sainte Anne Marine National Park
438:atoll. It is one of the largest
109:
2060:from the original on 2019-05-30
1917:from the original on 2021-08-23
1869:from the original on 2021-05-16
1643:Journal of Experimental Biology
1514:from the original on 2022-12-22
1431:from the original on 2022-11-02
1272:from the original on 2017-12-05
659:Genetic evidence suggests that
2839:Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise
2833:Domed Mauritius giant tortoise
2705:Santiago Island giant tortoise
1560:. Seaworld.org. Archived from
1535:. Seaworld.org. Archived from
1143:Mating Aldabra giant tortoises
796:, Aldabra giant tortoises eat
1:
5677:
2658:Chatham Island giant tortoise
1406:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00211-7
1367:Pritchard, Peter C.H. (1979)
1345:Turtle Taxonomy Working Group
1324:Günther, Albert C.L.G. 1877.
2725:Volcán Darwin giant tortoise
2720:Volcán Alcedo giant tortoise
2710:Pinzón Island giant tortoise
1765:; Grayson, Michael (2011). "
1680:Schweigger, 1812 (currently
1609:10.1371/journal.pone.0002111
1198:and Arnold's giant tortoise
1023:Sclerodactylon macrostachyum
558:are currently recognized. A
511:Nomenclature and systematics
5597:List of Testudines families
3218:Flat-backed spider tortoise
3093:Speke's hinge-back tortoise
3083:Lobatse hinge-back tortoise
2908:Goode's thornscrub tortoise
2735:Western Santa Cruz tortoise
2715:Sierra Negra giant tortoise
2663:Eastern Santa Cruz tortoise
2242:10.1093/gigascience/giac090
1857:Payne, Roger (2004-04-05).
1676:"Opinion 2316 (Case 3463).
988:Phyllanthus maderaspatensis
697:in the Seychelles exist on
6203:
6177:Reptiles described in 1812
3078:Home's hinge-back tortoise
3073:Forest hinge-back tortoise
3068:Bell's hinge-back tortoise
2730:Volcán Wolf giant tortoise
2679:Hood Island giant tortoise
2668:Fernandina Island tortoise
2418:
2150:International Zoo Yearbook
1102:British East India Company
5580:
3511:
3443:
3392:
3088:Natal hinge-back tortoise
2653:Cerro Azul giant tortoise
2496:Aldabrachelys grandidieri
2403:
2340:
1962:10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.088
1121:Seychelles giant tortoise
960:Lagrezia madagascariensis
257:
250:
231:
224:
106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
2999:Hesperotestudo percrassa
2755:Cheirogaster bacharidisi
2689:Santa Fe Island tortoise
2674:Floreana Island tortoise
2628:Chelonoidis sombrerensis
2546:African spurred tortoise
2212:Aldabran Giant Tortoise.
1888:"Marine Parks: St. Anne"
1369:Encyclopedia of Turtles.
501:Galápagos giant tortoise
2918:Sonoran Desert tortoise
2031:Atoll Research Bulletin
946:Fimbristylis ferruginea
35:Aldabra giant tortoise
6182:Reptiles of Seychelles
5808:Dipsochelys_dussumieri
5794:Aldabrachelys gigantea
5764:Aldabrachelys gigantea
2845:Réunion giant tortoise
2767:Cheirogaster schafferi
2761:Cheirogaster gymnesica
2598:Chelonoidis alburyorum
2592:Yellow-footed tortoise
2564:Centrochelys vulcanica
2558:Centrochelys burchardi
2552:Centrochelys atlantica
2527:Astrochelys rogerbouri
2457:Aldabra giant tortoise
2291:Aldabra giant tortoise
2276:Sea World Animal Bytes
2006:10.1098/rstb.1971.0018
1818:10.1126/sciadv.abq2574
1714:10.21805/bzn.v70i1.a13
1698:Dipsochelys dussumieri
1696:Gray, 1831 (currently
1179:
1144:
1075:
904:Dactyloctenium pilosum
789:
686:
673:Range and distribution
543:Aldabrachelys gigantea
527:Dipsochelys dussumieri
517:Aldabrachelys gigantea
480:
398:Aldabrachelys gigantea
393:Aldabra giant tortoise
388:
235:Aldabrachelys gigantea
18:Aldabra Giant Tortoise
5956:Paleobiology Database
3378:Spur-thighed tortoise
3315:Stylemys nebrascensis
3309:Stylemys karakolensis
3267:Stylemys calaverensis
3172:Megalochelys sondaari
3160:Megalochelys cautleyi
3129:Asian forest tortoise
2875:Burmese star tortoise
2695:Pinta Island tortoise
2488:Aldabrachelys abrupta
2115:Bourn, David (1977).
1863:Voyage of the Odyssey
1734:Bour, Roger (1982). "
1177:
1142:
1073:
1051:Sporobolus virginicus
1044:Sporobolus testudinum
953:Hypoestes aldabrensis
787:
740:, and coastal dunes.
680:
666:Aldabrachelys abrupta
654:François Marie Daudin
470:
379:
265:Schweigger, 1812: 327
3368:Kleinmann's tortoise
3327:Stylemys oregonensis
3273:Stylemys canetotiana
2967:Hadrianus schucherti
2949:Hadrianus majusculus
2880:Indian star tortoise
2622:Chelonoidis sellovii
2616:Chelonoidis monensis
2604:Chelonoidis cubensis
2296:Encyclopedia of Life
1767:Dipsochelys daudinii
1655:10.1242/jeb.55.3.651
1262:"Appendices | CITES"
1240:: e.T9010A12949962.
995:Pleurostelma cernuum
932:Evolvulus alsinoides
925:Euphorbia stoddartii
911:Eragrostis decumbens
897:Cyperus obtusiflorus
6038:geochelone-gigantea
6009:Geochelone gigantea
3373:Marginated tortoise
3303:Stylemys frizaciana
3166:Megalochelys margae
3050:Travancore tortoise
2973:Hadrianus utahensis
2955:Hadrianus octonaria
2643:Chelonoidis complex
2587:Red-footed tortoise
1998:1971RSPTB.260..327G
1953:2021CBio...31.R989Z
1810:2023SciA....9.2574K
1747:Dipsochelys arnoldi
1600:2008PLoSO...3.2111H
1473:2003MolEc..12.1403P
1296:1:271–368, 406–462.
1226:Geochelone gigantea
939:Fimbristylis cymosa
918:Euphorbia prostrata
869:Bulbostylis basalis
560:trinomial authority
428:nominate subspecies
405:of tortoise in the
311:Testudo elephantina
59:Conservation status
27:Species of tortoise
4705:Nanhsiungchelyidae
4670:Macrocephalochelys
3384:Testudo brevitesta
3363:Hermann's tortoise
3339:Stylemys uintensis
3321:Stylemys neglectus
3285:Stylemys conspecta
3190:Geometric tortoise
3154:Megalochelys atlas
3134:Impressed tortoise
3045:Forsten's tortoise
3040:Elongated tortoise
2961:Hadrianus robustus
2638:Galápagos tortoise
2610:Chelonoidis lutzae
2210:Swingland, Ian R.
2121:Journal of Zoology
2025:2012-03-27 at the
1694:Testudo dussumieri
1354:2014-07-15 at the
1180:
1145:
1094:Seychelles Islands
1076:
981:Panicum aldabrense
876:Cassia aldabrensis
790:
687:
685:island in Zanzibar
481:
389:
294:Testudo dussumieri
270:Testudo dussumieri
6187:Turtles of Africa
6154:
6153:
5943:Open Tree of Life
5756:Taxon identifiers
5747:
5746:
5605:
5604:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4616:
4615:
4388:
4387:
3891:
3890:
3809:
3808:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3403:
3402:
3398:. Key: †=extinct.
3345:Stylemys undabuna
3195:Serrated tortoise
2979:Hadrianus vialovi
2943:Hadrianus corsoni
2813:Speckled padloper
2785:Angulate tortoise
2520:Radiated tortoise
2515:Angonoka tortoise
2416:
2415:
1947:(16): R989–R990.
1779:978-1-4214-0135-5
1461:Molecular Ecology
1016:Ruellia monanthos
890:Cyperus ligularis
862:Boerhavia elegans
590:island of Aldabra
418:. The species is
377:
365:
364:
327:Testudo ponderosa
99:
82:
16:(Redirected from
6194:
6147:
6146:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6115:Testudo gigantea
6106:
6105:
6093:
6092:
6080:
6079:
6067:
6066:
6054:
6053:
6041:
6040:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6000:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5963:
5951:
5950:
5938:
5937:
5925:
5924:
5912:
5911:
5899:
5898:
5886:
5885:
5873:
5872:
5860:
5859:
5847:
5846:
5834:
5833:
5821:
5820:
5811:
5810:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5751:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5609:
5535:
5528:
5040:Chupacabrachelys
4955:
4948:
4625:
4403:Carettochelyidae
4399:
3902:
3820:
3552:
3541:
3509:
3500:
3491:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3407:
3297:Stylemys emiliae
3241:Leopard tortoise
3111:Pancake tortoise
3022:Greater padloper
2439:Russian tortoise
2424:
2423:
2401:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2090:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2040:
2034:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1992:(836): 327–372.
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1859:"Losing Aldabra"
1854:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1798:Science Advances
1788:
1782:
1763:Watkins, Michael
1756:
1750:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1678:Testudo gigantea
1673:
1667:
1666:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1467:(6): 1403–1413.
1458:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1391:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1342:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1219:
1151:in a 30 cm deep
1058:Tephrosia pumila
1002:Plumbaga aphylla
974:Mollugo spergula
646:subspecific name
639:
624:
604:
585:
535:Testudo gigantea
378:
359:
347:
339:Testudo sumeirei
335:
323:
307:
298:— Gray, 1831d: 9
290:
266:
261:Testudo gigantea
237:
217:A. gigantea
114:
113:
93:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6109:
6101:
6098:Observation.org
6096:
6088:
6083:
6075:
6070:
6062:
6057:
6049:
6044:
6036:
6031:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6003:
5995:
5993:
5985:
5980:
5972:
5967:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5941:
5933:
5930:Observation.org
5928:
5920:
5915:
5907:
5902:
5894:
5889:
5881:
5876:
5868:
5863:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5837:
5829:
5824:
5816:
5814:
5806:
5801:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5717:
5693:Lonesome George
5646:
5636:
5606:
5601:
5568:
5511:
5488:Sahonachelyidae
5481:
5367:
5340:
5205:
5136:Phosphatochelys
4975:
4929:
4870:
4865:Terlinguachelys
4833:Pneumatoarthrus
4736:
4698:
4612:
4585:
4433:
4384:
4188:
4167:
4155:Siebenrockiella
4013:
3887:
3838:
3805:
3754:
3741:Mesodermochelys
3686:
3547:
3518:
3480:
3439:
3434:
3404:
3399:
3388:
3349:
3333:Stylemys pygmea
3245:
3227:
3223:Spider tortoise
3204:
3176:
3138:
3115:
3097:
3054:
3026:
3017:Common padloper
3003:
2983:
2927:
2913:Gopher tortoise
2903:Desert tortoise
2898:Bolson tortoise
2884:
2861:
2817:
2789:
2771:
2739:
2699:Lonesome George
2632:
2568:
2532:
2501:
2479:A. g. hololissa
2443:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2405:Species of the
2392:
2336:
2330:
2272:
2267:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2063:
2061:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:Wayback Machine
2017:
2013:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1941:Current Biology
1934:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1804:(2): eabq2574.
1790:
1789:
1785:
1757:
1753:
1733:
1729:
1708:: 61–65. 2013.
1675:
1674:
1670:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1356:Wayback Machine
1343:
1332:
1323:
1316:
1312:. Paris: Roret.
1307:
1300:
1291:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1196:A. g. hololissa
1172:
1166:
1137:
1085:
1068:
1063:
1030:Sida parvifolia
1009:Pycreus pumilus
967:Lepturus repens
855:Bacopa monnieri
845:
782:
780:Feeding ecology
751:
746:
738:mangrove swamps
675:
633:
630:A. g. hololissa
614:
598:
579:
548:nomen protectum
513:
465:
449:A. g. hololissa
367:
354:
353:
351:Testudo gouffei
342:
341:
330:
329:
314:
313:
299:
297:
296:
282:
273:
272:
264:
263:
246:
239:
233:
220:
108:
100:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6159:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6135:
6119:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6094:
6081:
6068:
6055:
6042:
6029:
6013:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5991:
5978:
5965:
5952:
5939:
5926:
5913:
5900:
5887:
5874:
5861:
5848:
5835:
5822:
5812:
5799:
5784:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5722:Moon travelers
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5612:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5592:
5591:
5590:. † = extinct.
5581:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5501:
5492:
5490:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5418:
5410:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5383:Albertwoodemys
5377:
5375:
5373:Podocnemididae
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5358:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5270:Lomalatachelys
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5179:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5120:Labrostochelys
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4986:
4984:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4964:
4962:
4960:Araripemydidae
4952:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4747:
4745:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4662:Emarginachelys
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4631:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4607:Sinaspideretes
4602:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4495:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4458:
4451:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4284:Hesperotestudo
4279:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4176:
4174:Platysternidae
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3826:
3824:Dermatemydidae
3817:
3815:Kinosternoidea
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3784:Procolpochelys
3779:
3771:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3692:Dermochelyidae
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3581:Carolinochelys
3576:
3569:
3560:
3558:
3549:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3291:Stylemys copei
3287:
3281:
3279:Stylemys capax
3275:
3269:
3263:
3261:Stylemys botti
3256:
3254:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3149:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2990:Hesperotestudo
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2936:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2923:Texas tortoise
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2808:Karoo padloper
2805:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Chaco tortoise
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2472:A. g. daudinii
2467:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2270:External links
2268:
2266:
2265:
2216:
2203:
2186:Int. Zoo Yearb
2176:
2167:
2140:
2104:
2070:
2056:. 2006-03-23.
2035:
2011:
1976:
1927:
1897:
1894:on 2016-04-16.
1879:
1849:
1783:
1751:
1727:
1668:
1649:(3): 651–665.
1633:
1574:
1549:
1524:
1441:
1400:(2): 216–227.
1373:
1360:
1330:
1314:
1298:
1282:
1253:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1188:Charles Darwin
1184:Albert Günther
1171:
1168:
1136:
1133:
1084:
1081:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1037:Solanum nigrum
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
883:Cyperus dubius
879:
872:
865:
858:
850:
844:
841:
822:Fregate Island
781:
778:
750:
747:
745:
742:
707:Moyenne Island
699:Frégate Island
674:
671:
642:
641:
626:
617:A.M.C. Duméril
610:A. g. daudinii
606:
591:
576:A. g. gigantea
512:
509:
464:
461:
432:A. g. gigantea
363:
362:
361:
360:
348:
336:
324:
316:A.M.C. Duméril
308:
303:nomen rejectum
291:
267:
255:
254:
248:
247:
240:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
212:
208:
207:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
102:
101:
88:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6199:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6172:Aldabrachelys
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6131:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6006:
5998:
5992:
5988:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5628:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5565:
5564:
5563:Tacuarembemys
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5498:Sahonachelys
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5461:Peltocephalus
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5446:Lapparentemys
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5346:Pelomedusidae
5343:
5337:
5336:
5335:Yaminuechelys
5331:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5306:Prochelidella
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5220:Acanthochelys
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5104:Kinkonychelys
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5088:Itapecuruemys
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5048:Eotaphrosphys
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4982:Bothremydidae
4978:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4892:Argillochelys
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4857:Santanachelys
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:Desmatochelys
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4785:Calcarichelys
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4769:Atlantochelys
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4743:Protostegidae
4739:
4733:
4732:
4731:Jiangxichelys
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4715:Anomalochelys
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4693:Protochelydra
4689:
4687:
4686:
4685:Planiplastron
4681:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4492:Drazinderetes
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4428:Carettochelys
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:Malacochersus
4309:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4203:Aldabrachelys
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4085:Leucocephalon
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4036:Banhxeochelys
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Testudinoidea
3894:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3844:Kinosternidae
3841:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3792:Protosphargis
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:(Sea turtles)
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3517:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3200:Tent tortoise
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3103:Malacochersus
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Nama padloper
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:A. g. arnoldi
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2449:Aldabrachelys
2446:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:Testudinoidea
2380:Superfamily:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2094:on 2016-03-27
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Aldabrachelys
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1564:on 2018-02-03
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1539:on 2018-02-03
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:A. g. arnoldi
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
919:
915:
913:
912:
908:
906:
905:
901:
899:
898:
894:
892:
891:
887:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
866:
864:
863:
859:
857:
856:
852:
851:
849:
843:Tortoise turf
842:
840:
836:
834:
831:Little fresh
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
786:
779:
777:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
748:
743:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:Aldabra Atoll
684:
679:
672:
670:
668:
667:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
637:
632:
631:
627:
622:
618:
612:
611:
607:
602:
597:
596:
595:A. g. arnoldi
592:
589:
583:
578:
577:
573:
572:
571:
569:
568:Aldabrachelys
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:
518:
510:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
474:
473:Cousin Island
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
453:A. g. arnoldi
450:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
415:Aldabrachelys
411:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
387:
383:
357:
352:
349:
345:
340:
337:
333:
328:
325:
321:
317:
312:
309:
305:
304:
295:
292:
288:
287:
280:
276:
271:
268:
262:
259:
258:
256:
253:
249:
244:
238:
236:
230:
227:
226:Binomial name
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
204:Aldabrachelys
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:Testudinoidea
181:
179:Superfamily:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
97:
91:
86:
80:
75:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6114:
6008:
5763:
5586:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5504:
5496:
5474:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5438:Erymnochelys
5436:
5429:
5423:Cerrejonemys
5421:
5413:
5405:
5399:Brontochelys
5397:
5389:
5381:
5360:
5353:
5333:
5325:
5318:
5313:Pseudemydura
5311:
5304:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4968:
4922:
4916:Prionochelys
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4793:Cratochelone
4791:
4783:
4777:Bouliachelys
4775:
4767:
4759:
4753:Alienochelys
4751:
4729:
4721:
4713:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4654:Chelydropsis
4652:
4644:
4636:
4605:
4599:Basilochelys
4597:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4523:Khunnuchelys
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4446:
4439:Trionychidae
4426:
4419:
4413:Allaeochelys
4411:
4377:
4370:
4364:Stigmochelys
4362:
4355:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4327:Megalochelys
4325:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4238:Cylindraspis
4236:
4229:
4222:
4217:Centrochelys
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:Testudinidae
4183:Platysternon
4181:
4162:Vijayachelys
4160:
4153:
4146:
4141:Rhinoclemmys
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4106:Melanochelys
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4026:
4006:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3916:Acherontemys
3914:
3882:Sternotherus
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3831:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3749:Psephophorus
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3679:
3671:
3665:Pacifichelys
3663:
3655:
3648:
3640:
3634:Lepidochelys
3632:
3625:
3617:
3611:Gigantatypus
3609:
3603:Eretmochelys
3601:
3594:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3564:
3545:Chelonioidea
3513:
3465:
3233:Stigmochelys
3145:Megalochelys
2824:Cylindraspis
2746:Cheirogaster
2538:Centrochelys
2525:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2459:(subspecies:
2456:
2406:
2388:Testudinidae
2294:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2124:
2120:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2083:
2073:
2062:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2030:
2014:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1919:. Retrieved
1911:Science News
1910:
1900:
1892:the original
1882:
1871:. Retrieved
1862:
1852:
1801:
1797:
1786:
1770:
1769:", p. 66 in
1766:
1754:
1746:
1745:: 117–122. (
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1594:(5): e2111.
1591:
1587:
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1527:
1516:. Retrieved
1464:
1460:
1433:. Retrieved
1397:
1393:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1325:
1309:
1293:
1274:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1181:
1170:Conservation
1165:
1157:
1146:
1115:As of 2022,
1114:
1106:Calcutta Zoo
1098:Robert Clive
1096:as gifts to
1086:
1077:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
837:
830:
826:lesser noddy
791:
771:
752:
711:
694:
688:
664:
660:
658:
649:
643:
628:
608:
593:
574:
567:
553:
546:
542:
534:
526:
520:
516:
514:
505:
488:
482:
456:
452:
448:
445:
431:
413:
410:Testudinidae
397:
396:
392:
390:
350:
338:
326:
310:
306:, ICZN 2013)
301:
293:
284:
269:
260:
234:
232:
216:
215:
203:
193:Testudinidae
29:
5878:iNaturalist
5788:Wikispecies
5713:Tu'i Malila
5651:Individuals
5638:Individual
5476:Stupendemys
5431:Cordichelys
5277:Mesoclemmys
5262:Hydromedusa
5184:Taphrosphys
5176:Sankuchemys
5168:Rhothonemys
5144:Polysternon
5024:Cearachelys
5008:Azabbaremys
4992:Araiochelys
4908:Ctenochelys
4900:Bashuchelys
4849:Rhinochelys
4825:Ocepechelon
4817:Notochelone
4809:Iserosaurus
4677:Macrochelys
4629:Chelydridae
4552:Palaeoamyda
4477:Cyclanorbis
4342:Psammobates
4335:Oligopherus
4298:Indotestudo
4246:Cymatholcus
4224:Chelonoidis
4210:Astrochelys
4019:Geoemydidae
3937:Deirochelys
3875:Staurotypus
3868:Kinosternon
3861:Hoplochelys
3776:Peritresius
3725:Dermochelys
3718:Cosmochelys
3710:Corsochelys
3627:Itilochelys
3619:Glarichelys
3566:Allopleuron
3556:Cheloniidae
3495:Superfamily
3182:Psammobates
3032:Indotestudo
2574:Chelonoidis
2507:Astrochelys
2236:: giac090.
2230:GigaScience
1759:Beolens, Bo
1385:Dipsochelys
753:A peculiar
701:and in the
695:A. gigantea
661:A. gigantea
623:, 1835:123)
603:, 1982:118)
584:, 1812:327)
566:other than
522:Dipsochelys
489:A. gigantea
463:Description
457:A. gigantea
426:, with the
358:, 1906: 753
346:, 1892: 396
322:, 1835: 110
286:nomen nudum
92:Appendix II
50:Beauval Zoo
6161:Categories
5555:Caririemys
5468:Podocnemis
5454:Latentemys
5415:Carbonemys
5355:Pelomedusa
5192:Ummulisani
5112:Kurmademys
5080:Inaechelys
5064:Galianemys
5032:Chedighaii
4970:Araripemys
4943:Pleurodira
4924:Toxochelys
4841:Protostega
4646:Chelydrops
4566:Pelodiscus
4559:Pelochelys
4507:Gilmoremys
4484:Cycloderma
4394:Trionychia
4261:Geochelone
4254:Floridemys
4120:Notochelys
4008:Wilburemys
3979:Malaclemys
3833:Dermatemys
3800:Puppigerus
3733:Eosphargis
3650:Miocaretta
3642:Mexichelys
3536:Cryptodira
3476:Testudines
3437:Testudines
2867:Geochelone
2795:Chersobius
2431:Agrionemys
2376:Cryptodira
2374:Suborder:
2370:Testudines
2362:Subclass:
2156:: 98–103.
2098:2016-03-25
2064:2014-01-23
2054:BBC Online
1921:2021-08-23
1873:2008-10-21
1682:Geochelone
1568:2015-11-02
1543:2015-11-02
1518:2022-11-02
1489:10161/6530
1435:2022-11-02
1414:10161/6529
1276:2022-01-14
1210:References
794:herbivores
792:Primarily
730:grasslands
638:, 1877:39)
588:Seychelles
582:Schweigger
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477:Seychelles
434:native to
424:Seychelles
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356:Rothschild
334:, 1877: 35
243:Schweigger
173:Cryptodira
169:Suborder:
163:Testudines
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6130:Q28049794
6024:Q28049777
5779:Q27885022
5698:Mr Turpen
5678:Esmeralda
5644:tortoises
5595:See also
5547:Caribemys
5407:Caninemys
5391:Bauruemys
5320:Rheodytes
5284:Myuchelys
5227:Chelodina
5152:Puentemys
5128:Nigeremys
5072:Ilatardia
5016:Bothremys
4723:Basilemys
4537:Nilssonia
4515:Hutchemys
4463:Axestemys
4421:Anosteira
4276:Hadrianus
4134:Pangshura
4092:Malayemys
4057:Geoclemys
4000:Trachemys
3993:Terrapene
3986:Pseudemys
3972:Graptemys
3965:Glyptemys
3958:Emydoidea
3951:Actinemys
3923:Chrysemys
3768:Euclastes
3596:Eochelone
3447:Kingdom:
2934:Hadrianus
2344:Kingdom:
2192:: 66–69.
2127:: 27–38.
1826:2375-2548
1266:cites.org
1192:Mauritius
1160:Tulsa Zoo
759:coevolved
726:Rodrigues
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6124:Wikidata
6064:10362671
6018:Wikidata
5982:Species+
5974:gigantea
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5815:BioLib:
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1915:Archived
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4580:Trionyx
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3459:Class:
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2368:Order:
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1835:9833658
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382:Saitama
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5961:365357
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814:apples
810:fruits
802:leaves
732:, low
705:(e.g.
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320:Bibron
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6059:IRMNG
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5818:24948
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4544:Palea
4448:Amyda
4349:Pyxis
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3515:Genus
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1457:(PDF)
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6085:IUCN
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5917:NCBI
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