345:, as interim president. Peña Esclusa endorsed as constitutional the deposing of Zelaya, and said that "Only a process similar to that of Honduras can rescue democracy and freedom in Venezuela". He also said that “Venezuelans ought to be inspired by the Honduran model, and strive for a change of government as soon as possible, through peaceful, democratic, and constitutional means--and not just electoral--to avoid a national tragedy".
317:, Esclusa was arrested and questioned for the 17 September 2002 publication of newspaper advertisements, sponsored by Fuerza Solidaria, urging the armed forces to "'restore constitutional order'" in the country by deposing President Chavez. Peña Esclusa himself has expressly denounced violence as a method, and said that he does not believe that violence could end Hugo Chávez's government, but that a peaceful mass movement could.
25:
329:
In
December 2008 Peña Esclusa co-founded UnoAmerica, becoming its President. UnoAmerica describes itself as "a confederation of NGOs" working to combat Latin American left parties connected to the Sao Paulo Forum, which it accuses of "introduc Marxist ideological models that divide our societies into
434:
of the
Catholic Church in Venezuela has repeatedly declared that he is certain that Peña Esclusa is innocent and demanded his release. In a letter dated 2011, nine senators from Bolivia wrote to Hugo Chávez and demanded that he release Alejandro Peña Esclusa, whom they describe as being imprisoned
320:
Traveling North and South
America as well as Europe, Peña Esclusa has claimed that Chávez was allowing Russia and Iran to use Venezuela as a base for strategic bombers, submarines, warships, and long range missiles capable of reaching the United States. He has also alleged crimes against humanity
306:
In May 2001 Peña
Esclusa founded the NGO Fuerza Solidaria. This organization coined the slogan "no to cubanization", and organised a range of political protests against Chávez, including a demonstration in front of the Cuban embassy. In February 2002 Peña Esclusa, on behalf of Fuerza Solidaria,
406:
Peña
Esclusa was denied bail on 15 July 2010. The preliminary hearings were held January 27, 2011, and on February 7 the defense appealed. The defense has consistently objected to the fact that the court has denied every request to order the presence of the star witness of the prosecutor for
399:, declared that the 13 members of the political police of violating his client's constitutional rights at the search and arrest by not allowing his lawyer to be present or to inspect the search order. Luis Cabrera, the presiding judge, ruled that the presence of the lawyer could lead to
181:
A year after his arrest, he was released due to international demands, but with a ban on leaving the country, carrying a passport, expressing an opinion on any subject, using social networks and engaging in political activities. His case was presented before the
197:
He has an in-depth knowledge of the regional reality and promotes the consolidation of democracies in the face of the expansionist threat of the Sao Paulo Forum. He is a fervent promoter of Ibero-American integration, as stated in another of his books, entitled
341:, which involved Zelaya being arrested by the military acting on orders by the Supreme Court, removed from office and expelled from the country, and replaced by the person the constitution indicated as his successor, in this case the Speaker of the House
299:(PLV), and was also a candidate on another occasion. Announcing his candidacy in July 1998, with Chavez already the front runner, he aimed to denounce Chavez and warn of the dangers of electing him. On 28 July 2000 Peña Esclusa formally accused Chávez of
1005:"los venezolanos deben inspirarse en el modelo hondureño, y buscar un cambio de gobierno cuanto antes, por vías pacíficas, democráticas y constitucionales -y no solo electorales- para evitar una tragedia nacional" - UnoAmerica, retrieved 2010-07-17,
411:
red notice. FuerzaSolidaria published Peña
Esclusa's petition in court, in which he accused the judge of acting politically, and the prosecutor of lying about statements allegedly made by Chávez Abarca.
243:
Peña
Esclusa dates his political awakening to 1984, when he investigated the beliefs of various political parties with the aim of joining one, but found none satisfactory. In 1985 he helped distribute
387:
In early July 2010, the
Salvadoran Francisco Chávez Abarca was arrested in Venezuela. The Venezuelan authorities accused Peña Esclusa of being an accomplice in a plan to use violence to disrupt the
1395:
853:
178:, without trial to date. Political and social leaders, intellectuals, parliamentarians and bishops from different countries requested his release, expressing that it was a political persecution.
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435:
illegally in order to silence him, and that he the time he was imprisoned was heading a group of lawyers who were preparing a prosecution of Hugo Chávez for Crimes
Against Humanity.
395:(SEBIN), accused of possession of explosives. Peña Esclusa's wife declared that search officers planted explosives in the desk of the couple's eight-year-old daughter. His lawyer,
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223:
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391:. In response Peña Esclusa posted a video online denying the accusations and said that he expected to be arrested within a day. That evening he was arrested in his home by the
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and founder of the Unión de
Organizaciones Democráticas de América (UnoAmerica). In 1998 he was a candidate for the presidency of Venezuela. He was the first to denounce
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271:
wrote that "Anti-Semitic propaganda is also disseminated by the Partido Laboral Venezolano (Venezuela Workers' Party), an affiliate of the Lyndon LaRouche cult."
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in Caracas, in 1981, and completed a master's degree in security and defense at the Instituto de Altos Estudios de Defensa Nacional de Venezuela, in 1987.
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called for the general strike being organised to be indefinite, until Chávez resigned. Following the mass demonstration of April 11, 2002, and the
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According to his wife, Alejandro Peña Esclusa has been an opponent of Hugo Chávez ever since he denounced Chávez for being a front man for
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In November 2009 he was decorated with the "José Cecilio del Valle" medal by President Micheletti. Others decorated on that occasion were
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1139:
Chávez Abarca planeaba ola de atentados contra elecciones en Venezuela, afirma Ministro del Interior, CubaDebate, retrieved 2010-07-19,
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776:. 24 September 2002. "Chavez Moves to Forestall New Putsch; US Embassy Takes Distance From Call to Rebellion." (NEXIS), referenced in
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factions based on class and race, promoting hate, violence and anarchy" and, in some cases, of "destroying democracy from within".
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Peña Esclusa, "Why does Chávez link Peña Esclusa to terrorism?" Part II (Video with English subtitles), retrieved 2010-07-15,
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338:
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Peña Esclusa, "Why does Chávez link Peña Esclusa to terrorism?" Part I (Video with English subtitles), retrieved 2010-07-15,
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897:
The Facts and the Law : Behind the Democratic Crisis of Honduras 2009, Human Rights Foundation, retrieved 2010-07-16,
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605:
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cross-examination, since Francisco Chávez Abarca was sent to Cuba just before Peña Esclusa's arrest in accordance with an
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championships, and in 1981 gained a civil aviation licence. He married Indira Ramírez in 1989, and had three daughters.
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http://www.cubadebate.cu/noticias/2010/07/04/chavez-abarca-realizaria-atentados-contra-elecciones-regionales-venezuela/
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that resulted, he was briefly detained on suspicion of links to military officers allegedly involved. According to the
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http://www.oas.org/OASPage/videosasf/2011/03/CIDH_032911_SituacionAlegadosPresosPoliticosVenezuela.wmv
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UnoAmerica was one of the few organizations that endorsed as constitutional the deposing of president
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149:, which has been translated from Spanish into English, Portuguese, Italian, Slovenian and Hungarian.
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Statement by his wife Indira Ramirez in the TV program LA NOCHE, 2010-07-14, retrieved 2010-07-15,
994:
Honduras Can Be Saved from Communism: Interview with Head of Pro-Freedom Alliance in Latin America
255:(PLV, Venezuelan Labor Party), a party which he co-founded as the Venezuelan branch of LaRouche's
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On March 29, 2011, Indira de Peña Esclusa and other wives of prisoners of Chávez petitioned the
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1089:, open letter to Thor Halvorseen, published in Nicaragua Hoy 2009-07-07, retrieved 2-10-07-16,
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403:, to which Romero commented, "This court has declared dead the right to defense in Venezuela."
356:'s attempt to hold a referendum on whether to hold a Constituting Constitutional Convention in
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El mundo tropezó con Honduras, Estrategia & Negocios, 2009-08-21, retrieved 2010-07-16,
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Noticias de Servicios de Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica de Honduras, December 2009,
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Comunicado dated 2009-06-28, The Supreme Court of Justice, Honduras, retrieved 2010-07-16,
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In August 2009, Peña Esclusa formally accused Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez before the
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Video: Peña Esclusa, preso político en Venezuela, Fuerza Solidaria, retrieved 2010-07-19,
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The electoral frauds of the Sao Paulo Forum (in its different editions and translations)
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http://www.nicaraguahoy.info/dir_cgi/topics.cgi?op=view_topic;cat=Documentos;id=57239
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1242:"Fuerza Solidaria » Archivo » Lo que Peña Esclusa le dijo al juez Cabrera"
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The Sao Paulo Forum's cultural warfare (in its different editions and translations)
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http://www.elnuevoherald.com/2011/07/20/987389/venezuela-ordenan-excarcelar-a.html
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214:, the son of a Venezuelan Army General, Enrique Peña Briceño. He graduated in
364:, and for threatening to invade the country to reinstall Zelaya after he was
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deserter" in 2009. Peña Esclusa himself dates the split to 1995. In 1997 the
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Pioneer of the first protests against Chávez, in 2010 he was imprisoned in
145:, about which he has written five books. The most sold of them is entitled
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in 1977, and in 1980 obtained a postgraduate degree in finance from the
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writer, analyst and political consultant, expert on the subject of the
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He is a mechanical engineer by profession, graduated in 1977 from the
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The Sao Paulo Forum's Plan to Destroy the Armed Forces (compilation)
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that their husbands should be recognized as political prisoners by
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http://unoamerica.org/unoTest/upload/apps/2wy49Carta%20a%20HCF.pdf
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Honduras:Constitutional Law Issues, The Law Library of Congress,
171:'s links with Cuban Castro-communism and the Colombian guerrilla.
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has declared that he is a prisoner due to his opinions. Cardinal
1177:"Venezuela: Opposition politician arrested on explosives charge"
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UnoAmérica rechaza la detención ilegal de Alejandro Peña Esclusa
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Government Program: How to make of Venezuela an industrial power
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673:"he sido candidato a Presidencia de la República dos veces" -
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in a 1994 book. He published an article in 1995 attacking the
263:. He split with LaRouche in spring 1998, describing him as a "
18:
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Está en total desacuerdo con lo que publicaron sobre Honduras
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Screwball Internet Slander of LaRouche Launched in Venezuela
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perpetrated by the regime, and links with terrorist groups.
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El Nuevo Herald, Venezuela excarcela a opositor con cáncer
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Alejandro Peña Esclusa, Fuerza Solidaria, 6 February 2002,
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The Foro de São Paulo: A Threat to Freedom in Latin America
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http://estrategiaynegocios.net/vernoticia.aspx?option=2275
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793:¿Por qué Chávez vincula a Peña Esclusa con el terrorismo?
156:, in Caracas. He studied financial administration at the
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Peña Esclusa was released from prison on 20 July 2011.
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María Corina: “Peña Esclusa es un perseguido político”
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UnoAmérica in The Hague announces trial against Chavez
379:, who also had expressed public support for Honduras.
194:. To date, he continues to be politically persecuted.
251:("Dope, Inc."), and by 1988 he was the leader of the
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Political prisoners during the Bolivarian Revolution
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http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/41501c7115.html
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82:
1210:Dictan medida privativa de libertad a Peña Esclusa
628:Brits Jack Up Separatist Movement in Ibero-America
224:Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración
158:Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración
565:, Caracas: Ediciones Fuerza Productiva, June 2005
562:350: Cómo salvar a Venezuela del castro-comunismo
455:, Caracas: Ediciones Fuerza Productiva, June 2005
452:350: Cómo salvar a Venezuela del castro-comunismo
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546:¿Quién es y qué ha hecho Alejandro Peña Esclusa?
582:Para aquellos que no saben quien es Alejandrito
352:of crimes against humanity for his support of
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571:
8:
739:Folleto: Huelga Nacional “Chávez: ¡Vete ya!”
474:, Bogotá: Mary Montes Edition, February 2009
291:joined that year. Peña Esclusa entered the
1371:Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela) alumni
1165:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlDmtMw4DhY
1153:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQm0OO3G_jQ
1007:“Venezolanos deben imitar a los hondureños”
679:Lo que Peña Esclusa le dijo al juez Cabrera
1381:Venezuelan politicians convicted of crimes
79:
48:. Please do not remove this message until
480:The Sao Paulo Forum, a Continental Threat
417:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
184:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
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477:The Sao Paulo Forum against Álvaro Uribe
257:International Caucus of Labor Committees
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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692:Alejandro Peña Esclusa, 25 July 1998,
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1386:Candidates for President of Venezuela
761:Chavez Opponent Detained in Venezuela
694:Mi objetivo es evitar la guerra civil
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677:Fuerza Solidaria, 15 February 2011,
592:Jarkow Institute/ADL, January 1988,
226:(IESA). In 1978 he won the national
707:Fuerza Solidaria, 1 February 2002,
362:2009 Honduran constitutional crisis
309:2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt
1283:http://fuerzasolidaria.org/?p=3825
1281:Audio recording of Cardinal Urosa
1129:http://fuerzasolidaria.org/?p=3200
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1391:Venezuelan political commentators
1376:Politicians from Washington, D.C.
1027:Fuerza Solidaria, 4 August 2009,
709:Juicio contra Chávez por traición
466:Classical art and good government
1269:Fuerza Solidaria, 4 March 2011,
791:Fuerza Solidaria, 12 July 2010,
503:Political prisoners in Venezuela
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1230:http://liberenlosya.com/?p=5253
559:Alejandro Peña Esclusa (2005),
393:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
809:UnoAmerica, 15 December 2008,
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623:Executive Intelligence Review
606:Executive Intelligence Review
773:Latin American Weekly Report
724:Orígenes de Fuerza Solidaria
389:2010 parliamentary elections
350:International Criminal Court
314:Latin American Weekly Report
188:International Criminal Court
1228:Expediente N° 6°C-14826-10
163:He is president of the NGO
50:conditions to do so are met
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1331:Fuerza Solidaria's website
832:UnoAmerica, 13 July 2010,
297:Partido Laboral Venezolano
253:Partido Laboral Venezolano
339:2009 Honduran coup d'état
259:, modelled on LaRouche's
220:Universidad Simón Bolívar
154:Universidad Simón Bolívar
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137:(born 3 July 1954) is a
1254:Video recording at OAS
663:http://www.ruedalo.org/
652:, accessed 4 April 2011
580:Aporrea, 14 July 2010,
295:as a candidate for the
289:Fifth Republic Movement
186:(IACHR) and before the
1361:Venezuelan politicians
1219:, retrieved 2010-07-17
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996:, interview transcript
820:, retrieved 2010-07-17
795:, retrieved 2010-07-13
639:Stephen Roth Institute
486:From Chávez's dungeons
269:Stephen Roth Institute
216:mechanical engineering
135:Alejandro Peña Esclusa
84:Alejandro Peña Esclusa
460:The Continent of Hope
377:Juan Dabdoub Giacoman
200:The Continent of Hope
1336:UnoAmerica's website
428:María Corina Machado
360:, which sparked the
275:Opposition to Chávez
37:of this article is
1300:2011-08-31 at the
1215:2011-07-16 at the
1115:2009-09-09 at the
1096:2010-06-28 at the
1012:2010-05-16 at the
839:2011-09-18 at the
816:2010-07-18 at the
722:Fuerza Solidaria,
648:2012-09-30 at the
426:Opposition deputy
373:Armando Valladares
368:on June 28, 2009.
343:Roberto Micheletti
249:Narcotráfico, S.A.
1179:. CNN. 2010-07-13
990:Accuracy in Media
285:Foro de São Paulo
265:LaRouche movement
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1351:1954 births
432:Jorge Urosa
239:Early years
169:Hugo Chávez
1345:Categories
1059:2010-07-16
962:2011-02-05
916:2010-07-17
870:2010-07-17
509:References
325:UnoAmerica
206:Early life
139:Venezuelan
94:Leader of
35:neutrality
1205:La Verdad
643:VENEZUELA
218:from the
192:The Hague
105:Incumbent
46:talk page
1298:Archived
1213:Archived
1113:Archived
1094:Archived
1068:cite web
1010:Archived
971:cite web
925:cite web
879:cite web
837:Archived
814:Archived
757:ABC News
646:Archived
497:See also
409:Interpol
401:impunity
358:Honduras
247:'s book
120:May 2001
39:disputed
1183:19 July
366:deposed
337:during
301:treason
228:karate
1053:(PDF)
1046:(PDF)
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910:(PDF)
903:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
442:Books
118:
1185:2010
1074:link
977:link
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885:link
375:and
32:The
421:OAS
190:in
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