762:
131:
654:
838:
726:
808:
787:
31:
1089:
874:
862:
850:
830:
91:
186:
989:
672:
1035:
1209:
109:
1060:
340:. The faction led by Protogerov opted for continuing with the tactics of guerrilla warfare, while this led by Mihailov insisted on individual terrorist attacks. The result of this split and communists conspiracies was further strife within the organisation and several high-profile murders, including that of Protogetov himself.
221:
and as a cadet was a volunteer in the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885). In 1887 he graduated from the
Military School and was assigned to the infantry. On 18 May 1890 he was already a lieutenant. On 2 August 1894 he became a captain and served as an adjutant in the 1st Brigade of the 5th Danube Infantry
1356:
622:
1386:
1371:
1416:
1376:
497:
313:. Later, Protogerov denied through the Bulgarian press that they had ever signed any agreements, claiming that the May Manifesto was a communist forgery. Shortly after,
279:, commanding an army that committed a large number of war crimes, including cruel murders of thousands of women, children and the elderly. Later, as commandant of
1436:
245:
1411:
1391:
1381:
1366:
647:
637:
256:
214:
1396:
642:
1431:
233:
1421:
490:
1406:
1088:
994:
873:
861:
849:
829:
677:
413:Янакиев, Николай. Македонските българи-офицери в Горноджумайското въстание, сп. Македонски преглед XV (4). 1992. ISSN 2279-0861. стр. 119.
130:
439:
Dimitar Bechev, Historical
Dictionary of North Macedonia; Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Edition 2, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019;
358:
291:
about collaboration between the communists and the
Macedonian movement and the creation of a united Macedonian movement. Protogerov and
228:
627:
1351:
364:
469:
264:
325:, who became a powerful figure in Bulgarian politics. In 1925 Protogerov was injured in result of the organized by the communists
483:
384:
Raymond Detrez, Historical
Dictionary of Bulgaria, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Edition 3; Rowman & Littlefield, 2014,
653:
589:
608:
1401:
948:
444:
427:
389:
241:
1200:
778:
1426:
1075:
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632:
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1181:
506:
302:
1346:
1154:
584:
952:
842:
326:
1256:
1158:
1127:
696:
232:. Later he served as a company commander of the 32nd Zagore Infantry Regiment. He was among the leaders of the
1123:
1231:
1216:
1150:
1146:
1119:
972:
964:
944:
920:
904:
574:
422:
Frederick B. Chary, The
History of Bulgaria, The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations; ABC-CLIO, 2011,
237:
900:
878:
866:
533:
741:
1171:
1093:
1023:
854:
714:
1341:
1336:
1261:
1241:
1071:
1017:
968:
401:Георги Балански, Генерал Александър Протогеров – първият Велик майстор на Великата ложа на България.
1176:
287:, Protogerov was elected as one of the leaders of IMRO. In 1924, IMRO entered negotiations with the
1131:
1111:
745:
268:
210:
170:
1311:
1281:
1266:
1226:
1115:
1050:
1040:
1013:
932:
908:
816:
774:
688:
337:
162:
146:
122:
157:
general, politician and revolutionary, as well as a member of the revolutionary movement in the
1046:
924:
731:
579:
465:
440:
423:
385:
272:
1296:
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928:
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352:
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194:
30:
770:
333:
260:
206:
1306:
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158:
154:
112:
57:
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322:
297:
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306:
190:
185:
1208:
795:
546:
284:
252:
135:
108:
177:
and held a leading position (Grand Master) in the lodge where he was a member.
1276:
700:
475:
288:
174:
332:
In IMRO itself, a major split arose between
Mihailov's wing, supported by
95:
90:
310:
223:
166:
209:). Later he graduated there with his primary education in the local
464:, София, 1992, Военноиздателски комплекс „Св. Георги Победоносец“,
402:
205:
Protogerov was born in 1867 in Ohrid in the
Ottoman Empire (now in
280:
218:
184:
129:
77:
53:
638:
Military convention between
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
623:
Negotiations of
Bulgaria with the Central Powers and the Entente
318:
283:, Protogerov suppressed the Bulgarian soldier's uprising. After
479:
1357:
Members of the
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1207:
652:
259:
and Assistant Commander of this military unit. During the
267:
and then became commander of the Bulgarian troops in the
199:
Hristo, I send you cordial greetings from Free Macedonia.
1387:
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)
118:
101:
84:
63:
47:
37:
21:
263:, he commanded the Third Infantry Brigade of the
1372:Bulgarian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
16:Bulgarian general, politician and revolutionary
1417:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
349:Soldier's Cross of Bravery III grade, Bulgaria
317:was assassinated in unclear circumstances and
255:, Protogerov was one of the organizers of the
246:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
153:; 28 February 1867 – 7 July 1928) was a
491:
361:III grade with swords in the middle, Bulgaria
8:
1377:Bulgarian military personnel of World War I
403:Сп. „Зидарски преглед“, книга IV-V, 2010 г.
195:invasion of Macedonia by the Bulgarian Army
189:Congratulatory telegram from Protogerov to
498:
484:
476:
29:
18:
257:Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
213:school. On 5 October 1882 he entered the
515:
377:
234:Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee
367:III grade on military ribbon, Bulgaria
336:, and Protogerov's wing, supported by
1437:Politicians assassinated in the 1920s
7:
1412:20th-century Bulgarian politicians
1392:Assassinated Bulgarian politicians
1382:Recipients of the Order of Bravery
1196:Bulgarian administration in Kosovo
14:
1367:People of the Serbo-Bulgarian War
633:Secret Bulgarian–German agreement
265:11th Macedonian Infantry Division
226:, where he was the leader of the
134:Protogerov's Certificat from the
1087:
1058:
1033:
987:
872:
860:
848:
836:
828:
806:
785:
760:
724:
670:
365:People's Order of Military Merit
229:Bulgarian Officers' Brotherhoods
107:
89:
1397:Assassinated military personnel
1432:People from the Ottoman Empire
295:probably signed the so-called
242:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising
236:. Protogerov took part in the
1:
1422:Deaths by firearm in Bulgaria
321:came under the leadership of
173:. Protogerov was a Bulgarian
643:Bulgarian–Ottoman convention
359:Royal Order of St. Alexander
1407:People murdered in Bulgaria
1182:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
507:Bulgaria during World War I
303:Balkan Communist Federation
1453:
609:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
275:. There he suppressed the
1352:Bulgarian revolutionaries
953:Second battle of Monastir
925:Battle of Florina (Lerin)
513:
353:Military Order of Bravery
327:St Nedelya Church assault
305:and cooperation with the
150:
28:
1257:Georgi Todorov (general)
1201:Anti-military propaganda
905:Kosovo offensive (1915)
779:Louis Franchet d'Espèrey
590:Treaty of Constantinople
41:
1232:Aleksandar Stamboliyski
1147:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
965:Battle of Skra-di-Legen
945:Second battle of Doiran
628:Bulgarian–German treaty
238:Gorna Dzhumaya uprising
222:Division. He served in
1212:
973:Third battle of Doiran
921:First battle of Doiran
657:
202:
139:
1402:Macedonian Bulgarians
1237:Aleksandar Protogerov
1211:
1172:Armistice of Salonica
656:
193:in relation with the
188:
151:Александър Протогеров
133:
42:Александър Протогеров
23:Aleksandar Protogerov
1427:Bulgarian Freemasons
1242:August von Mackensen
1151:Armistice of Focșani
1072:Andrei Zayonchkovski
969:Battle of Dobro Pole
244:. Later joined the
143:Alexandar Protogerov
1155:Treaty of Bucharest
1132:Battle of Bucharest
1112:Battle of Turtucaia
901:Ovče Pole Offensive
754:Pavle Jurišić Šturm
585:Treaty of Bucharest
536:• Outcome • Others
522:South-western front
462:Животописни бележки
355:III grade, Bulgaria
240:in 1902 and in the
211:Bulgarian Exarchate
1362:Bulgarian generals
1312:Todor Kantardzhiev
1282:Konstantin Zhostov
1267:Kliment Boyadzhiev
1227:Aleksandar Malinov
1213:
1159:Protocol of Berlin
1124:Flămânda Offensive
1116:Battle of Bazargic
1051:Alexandru Averescu
1014:Todor Kantardzhiev
933:Monastir offensive
909:Battle of Krivolak
817:Panagiotis Danglis
775:Adolphe Guillaumat
689:Kliment Boyadzhiev
658:
539:Important persons
338:Aleksandar Tsankov
203:
140:
123:Lieutenant General
1347:People from Ohrid
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1076:Vladimir Sakharov
1047:Constantin Prezan
813:Kingdom of Greece
580:Second Balkan War
269:Pomoravlje region
128:
127:
1444:
1297:Panteley Kiselov
1287:Krastyu Zlatarev
1222:Vasil Radoslavov
1092:
1091:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1006:Panteley Kiselov
997:
993:
991:
990:
929:Struma operation
897:Morava Offensive
877:
876:
865:
864:
853:
852:
841:
840:
833:
832:
812:
810:
809:
791:
789:
788:
766:
764:
763:
746:Stepa Stepanović
734:
730:
728:
727:
680:
676:
674:
673:
575:Treaty of London
561:First Balkan War
529:Macedonian front
525:Serbian campaign
516:
500:
493:
486:
477:
448:
437:
431:
420:
414:
411:
405:
399:
393:
382:
315:Todor Alexandrov
301:about forming a
277:Toplica Uprising
152:
111:
103:
94:
93:
74:
72:
51:28 February 1867
33:
19:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
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1442:
1441:
1327:
1326:
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1057:
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985:
982:
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847:
835:
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771:Maurice Sarrail
761:
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383:
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346:
344:Military Awards
334:Andrey Lyapchev
261:First World War
215:Military School
207:North Macedonia
183:
88:
76:
70:
68:
52:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1309:
1307:Stefan Nerezov
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Dimitar Geshov
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Vladimir Vazov
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:Vladaya revolt
1174:
1135:
1128:Second Cobadin
1098:
1097:
1096:
1079:
978:
976:
883:
882:
881:
869:
857:
845:
820:
792:United Kingdom
738:Radomir Putnik
709:Vladimir Vazov
705:Stefan Nerezov
697:Georgi Todorov
693:Dimitar Geshov
661:
659:
651:
650:
645:
640:
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612:
611:
594:
593:
592:
587:
582:
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564:
563:
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541:
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534:Romanian front
531:
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510:
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503:
502:
495:
488:
480:
474:
473:
456:
453:
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432:
415:
406:
394:
392:, pp. 400-401.
376:
375:
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370:
369:
368:
362:
356:
350:
345:
342:
182:
179:
155:Bulgarian Army
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
113:Bulgarian Army
105:
99:
98:
86:
82:
81:
75:(aged 61)
65:
61:
60:
58:Ottoman Empire
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Stefan Toshev
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:Nikola Zhekov
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
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1268:
1265:
1263:
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1250:
1248:
1247:Boris Drangov
1245:
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1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:First Cobadin
1117:
1113:
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1085:
1084:
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1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Stefan Toshev
1007:
1003:
1002:Nikola Zhekov
999:
998:
996:
981:
977:
975:
974:
970:
966:
962:
961:
960:
955:
954:
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949:2nd Crna Bend
946:
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935:
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926:
922:
918:
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893:
892:
886:
880:
875:
870:
868:
863:
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851:
846:
844:
843:Eleventh Army
839:
831:
826:
825:
823:
819:
818:
814:
801:
797:
793:
780:
776:
772:
768:
755:
751:
750:Petar Bojović
747:
743:
742:Živojin Mišić
739:
735:
733:
719:
717:
716:
711:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:Nikola Zhekov
682:
681:
679:
664:
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471:
470:954-509-002-2
467:
463:
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458:
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366:
363:
360:
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339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
323:Ivan Mihailov
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
298:May Manifesto
294:
293:Petar Chaulev
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
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266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
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59:
55:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1236:
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1187:
1186:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1081:Field Armies
1080:
1055:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1000:
984:
983:
979:
963:
958:
957:
956:
943:
938:
937:
936:
919:
914:
913:
912:
895:
890:
889:
888:
884:
822:Field Armies
821:
804:
800:George Milne
783:
758:
721:
720:
713:
712:
683:
667:
666:
662:
648:Mobilization
615:
614:
613:
601:
600:
599:
595:
567:
566:
565:
553:
552:
551:
545:
461:
435:
418:
409:
397:
380:
331:
307:Soviet Union
296:
250:
227:
204:
198:
191:Hristo Matov
142:
141:
138:of Bulgaria.
1342:1928 deaths
1337:1867 births
879:Fourth Army
867:Second Army
796:Bryan Mahon
547:Balkan Wars
460:Вазов, В.,
285:World War I
253:Balkan Wars
197:in 1915.: „
161:regions of
136:Grand Lodge
67:7 July 1928
38:Native name
1331:Categories
1277:Ivan Lukov
1262:Ivan Kolev
1094:Third Army
1018:Ivan Kolev
980:Commanders
855:First Army
701:Ivan Lukov
663:Commanders
596:Neutrality
445:1538119625
428:0313384479
390:1442241802
372:References
171:Pomoravlje
85:Allegiance
80:, Bulgaria
71:1928-07-08
1217:Ferdinand
554:1912–1913
447:, p. 246.
289:Comintern
181:Biography
175:Freemason
163:Macedonia
147:Bulgarian
995:Bulgaria
678:Bulgaria
519:Prelude
430:, p. 70.
102:Service/
96:Bulgaria
1165:Outcome
1137:Outcome
1100:Battles
1041:Romania
1024:Entente
885:Battles
715:Entente
472:, с.123
455:Sources
251:In the
159:Ottoman
69: (
1189:Others
1066:Russia
1063:
1038:
992:
811:
790:
767:France
765:
732:Serbia
729:
675:
468:
443:
426:
388:
311:Vienna
273:Serbia
224:Rousse
167:Thrace
104:branch
281:Sofia
219:Sofia
78:Sofia
54:Ohrid
1143:1918
1106:1916
959:1918
939:1917
915:1916
891:1915
616:1915
602:1914
568:1913
466:ISBN
441:ISBN
424:ISBN
386:ISBN
319:IMRO
169:and
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