43:
660:(95 km east of Aleppo) provides drinking water for Aleppo from the Euphrates. Recently Euphrates water has been diverted to revive the dead Qwēq river, and thus revive agriculture in the plains south of Aleppo. Urban areas, highlands, swamps, forests, and grazing land make up 34% of the total area of the governorate. The remaining 14% is a desert area in the southeast that is continuous with the Syrian Desert and known as the Aleppo Desert (Arabic: بادية حلب).
587:
3309:
3315:
656:, and Euphrates. However, all of these rivers arise in Turkey, and due to irrigation projects on the Turkish side of the border, the flow of these rivers dropped so much that most of them could no longer support agriculture. The Quwēq, for example, dried up completely in the 1950s. The vanishing of the rivers forced farmers to depend largely on rainfall and on water diverted from the Euphrates. A pumping station at
842:
707:
836:
2664:
100:
300:. It is the most populous governorate in Syria with a population of more than 4,867,000 (2011 Est.), almost 23% of the total population of Syria. The governorate is the fifth in area with an area of 18,482 km (7,136 sq mi), or 18,498 km, about 10% of the total area of Syria. The capital is the city of
1286:
on climate (rain shadow effect). The average temperature in the governorate is 15–20 °C (59–68 °F). The average precipitation ranges from 500 mm (20 in) in the western parts of the governorate to 200 mm (8 in) in the easternmost parts and 150 mm (6 in) in the
622:. The highest point in the governorate, Mount Bulbul (1,269 metres (4,163 ft)), is located in the northern part of Mount Kurd. River 'Ifrīn runs from north to south between Mount Simeon and Mount Kurd and then turns west to the Orontes valley, thus separating Mount Kurd from
574:
The average elevation of the terrain is 379 metres (1,243 ft). The surface gradually slopes down in north–south and west–east directions, undulating gently with an amplitude of 10–30 m for each wave. The lowlands are covered with combined
2217:
Turkish occupation "is an existential threat to the Assad government's ability to reclaim the entirety of its territory, which is a key argument that regime loyalists make in their support of Bashar al-Assad's government", Heras
559:. The eastern and northern boundaries of the governorate correspond roughly to the eastern and northern boundaries of the plateau, although the northeastern portion of the governorate crosses the
675:(the largest lake in Syria) separates Aleppo Governorate from Raqqa Governorate. Other artificial lakes include the Lake of 17 April on the River Ifrīn and the revived Shabā Lake on River Quwēq.
644:
Arable land makes up 66% of the total area in the governorate. The main crops are olives, figs, plums, pomegranates, vegetables, grains, rice, and pistachios. Pistachio is called in Syria
606:. West of the Dhahab valley the terrain rises again forming Mount 'Aqīl (Mount Taymar) west of Bāb and Mount Ḥaṣṣ west of Lake Jabboul. The terrain sinks again forming the valley of River
629:
The governorate is generally deforested except for a dispersed forest of about 50 square kilometres (19 sq mi) on the eastern slope of Mount Kurd where it faces the plain of
442:. After fierce fighting, the Syrian Arab Army with Russian air support managed to take control of the capital of the Governorate, Aleppo, in December 2016 from Fatah Halab coalition.
1282:
Aleppo
Governorate has a semi-arid climate. The mountain series that runs along the Mediterranean coast, namely Mount Alawites and Mount Amanus, largely block the effects of the
430:. In June 2017, nearly six years after the war's start, the province was almost equally divided between Syrian Government forces, Syrian Opposition forces, Turkish Army /
400:. It also paved the way for European capitalists to exploit agricultural resources of the region and caused internal trade to shift into the hands of European merchants.
1908:
and reductions in the
Euphrates' river water levels are expected to cause a major impact on water and electricity access as well as food security within the region.
5417:
1287:
southeastern desert. 80% of precipitation occurs between
October and March. Snow is usually in winter. The average humidity is 60% in the west and 55% in the east.
2303:
482:
2583:
2447:
2429:
2411:
2393:
2375:
2339:
2321:
2652:
2465:
2357:
2505:
42:
2608:
3725:
1109:
333:النبي حوري). This was the most fertile and populated region in Syria. Under the Romans, the region was made in 193 CE part of the province of
2099:
2028:
2272:
490:
478:
474:
694:, has the largest concentration of Late Antiquity churches in the world, with a unique Syrian architectural style. It also has the famous
5410:
2230:
497:
60:
2554:
714:
The following cities are the administrative centres of the districts in Aleppo
Governorate (Population based on 2004 official census):
2044:
610:. The endpoint of Quwēq, the Maṭkh swamp (249 metres (817 ft)), is the lowest point in Aleppo Governorate. West of the Quwēq is
3800:
2206:
1866:
2180:
2630:
3810:
2645:
1905:
396:
settlers to northern Syria. These programs led to a stronger integration of Aleppo with the economy of the
Ottoman heartland in
321:, the region was made up of three regions: Chalybonitis (with its centre at Chalybon or Aleppo), Chalcidice (with its center at
3765:
450:
431:
5528:
5403:
2019:
2259:
3308:
392:
of
Ottoman governance in Aleppo, the authorities established the 1858 land reform law along with schemes to introduce new
2451:
2433:
2415:
2397:
2379:
2343:
2325:
4869:
3865:
2469:
2361:
2307:
210:
1962:
5523:
4402:
2638:
1057:
5376:
4964:
4717:
2584:"Informal Site and Settlement Profiles: Aleppo Governorate, Syria (February 2022) - Syrian Arab Republic | ReliefWeb"
1159:
5201:
5186:
5176:
3734:
2062:
1037:
594:
Starting from the valley of the
Euphrates, the terrain rises forming the Manbij plain, and then sinks again at the
454:
3314:
5261:
4682:
4095:
2790:
1164:
1007:
648:(Aleppo pistachio). Rivers traditionally supported agriculture; the main rivers in Aleppo are the Quwēq, 'Ifrīn,
486:
5166:
4240:
4175:
2705:
1032:
942:
937:
439:
92:
2509:
1067:
529:
4327:
5492:
5452:
4819:
4647:
4290:
3610:
3585:
1154:
1094:
1052:
952:
404:
5256:
3995:
2780:
1239:
1234:
957:
5497:
5462:
5156:
5096:
5041:
4949:
4934:
4205:
4025:
1904:. Economic conditions have deteriorated in the Aleppo region and have caused prices of goods to rise. The
1254:
1244:
1214:
1209:
1012:
992:
564:
5161:
5121:
4732:
4070:
2775:
1002:
947:
5426:
4954:
4889:
4772:
4417:
4377:
4317:
4307:
3970:
3945:
3050:
2950:
2840:
2693:
1871:
1184:
1179:
1062:
987:
967:
962:
930:
853:
293:
189:
33:
5356:
5241:
4737:
3805:
3170:
3125:
2815:
2276:
1249:
259:
5316:
5291:
4342:
4045:
3240:
3215:
2945:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2740:
997:
571:. To the south lie the eastern plains of Hama, and to the southwest lie the northern plains of Idlib.
5482:
5442:
5151:
5131:
5021:
4909:
4904:
4278:
3635:
3455:
3105:
3015:
2965:
2900:
1920:
estimate put the population at 4,867,900, though this has likely changed since the start of the war.
1219:
1204:
1099:
1089:
1046:
860:
199:
5171:
3280:
3220:
2940:
567:
plateau. The southeastern end of the governorate is continuous with the arid steppe of the northern
5477:
5271:
5146:
5061:
4879:
4726:
4635:
4352:
4230:
4215:
4160:
3915:
3870:
3480:
3270:
3040:
3035:
2955:
2880:
2825:
2730:
1896:
Agricultural output from Aleppo mainly focuses on cereal and cotton production. However, since the
1148:
880:
318:
5341:
5111:
4702:
3965:
3265:
3245:
3195:
3190:
3110:
3030:
2985:
2915:
2895:
2755:
2735:
2725:
2720:
5502:
5229:
5191:
5116:
4999:
4959:
4944:
4914:
4760:
4567:
4452:
4336:
4225:
4195:
4140:
3960:
3390:
3260:
3255:
3185:
3090:
2905:
2150:
2066:
1228:
1199:
1173:
1134:
1124:
1027:
909:
897:
887:
525:
5371:
5346:
4210:
3985:
3160:
3005:
3000:
2925:
2920:
2800:
5181:
4200:
4155:
3910:
3895:
3880:
3080:
3075:
3065:
2930:
2855:
2830:
586:
5487:
5472:
5447:
5066:
5056:
5030:
4859:
4839:
4697:
4592:
4487:
4347:
4165:
3850:
3505:
3415:
3235:
3230:
3085:
3020:
2890:
2745:
2142:
2095:
2089:
2070:
2024:
1819:
1139:
1129:
982:
668:
664:
545:
537:
415:
361:
249:
5331:
4362:
4357:
4220:
3670:
3250:
3225:
3150:
3145:
3095:
3070:
2990:
2935:
2805:
2760:
5467:
5457:
5306:
4924:
4662:
4477:
4367:
3980:
3685:
3660:
3550:
3545:
3340:
3205:
3200:
3134:
2995:
2910:
2810:
2795:
2750:
2211:
2134:
1897:
1104:
1084:
691:
634:
541:
427:
365:
245:
241:
3115:
2865:
2054:
Palestine Under the
Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
602:
and runs in a north–south direction for about 50 km (31 mi) until it drains into
5196:
4987:
4691:
4517:
4440:
4411:
4392:
4128:
4104:
3925:
3440:
3155:
1900:, many Aleppo based commerce have now relocated across the border into Turkey, especially
1193:
1118:
1021:
902:
875:
865:
623:
408:
288:
271:
237:
233:
2052:
5081:
4844:
4824:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4612:
4255:
3838:
3775:
976:
870:
835:
653:
556:
549:
521:
509:
377:
373:
357:
473:. The operation resulted in success and starting in May 2017, the region is now under
345:
was established in the 4th century CE in the east, its centre was
Hierapolis Bambyce (
5517:
5076:
4929:
4834:
4576:
4542:
4249:
3954:
3900:
3570:
3540:
3355:
3328:
3025:
2849:
2820:
2785:
2138:
1698:
1283:
1078:
892:
618:
runs west of Mount Simeon. To the west of river 'Afrīn, the land rises again forming
568:
1938:"Aleppo governor, Indonesian delegation discuss cooperation in reconstruction field"
706:
5336:
5280:
4829:
4707:
4672:
4547:
4502:
4496:
4184:
4060:
3920:
3875:
3859:
3770:
3705:
3495:
3370:
3100:
2048:
841:
778:
679:
611:
603:
598:
valley in the east of Aleppo
Governorate. The Dhahab drains the highlands north of
595:
505:
446:
342:
1272:- a newly created district since 2008, formerly belonging to Mount Simeon District
520:
The governorate has a 221-kilometre (137 mi) long northern boundary with the
4864:
4799:
4054:
3790:
3780:
3755:
3620:
3594:
3555:
3365:
3010:
2765:
768:
695:
649:
615:
334:
326:
5105:
5086:
5050:
4919:
4874:
4854:
4656:
4607:
4552:
4472:
4467:
4190:
4015:
3745:
3675:
3625:
3605:
3560:
3535:
3520:
3385:
3059:
2770:
1274:- a newly created district since 2009, formerly belonging to Al-Bab District.
798:
748:
672:
496:
In January 2018, the Turkish army backed by the Free Syrian Army launched the
2483:
2146:
376:
governed the area until 1918; under the Ottomans, the region was part of the
75:
62:
5365:
5250:
5071:
4898:
4782:
4667:
4532:
3795:
3785:
3760:
3740:
3715:
3615:
3485:
3475:
3420:
3375:
3210:
3179:
1973:
1901:
808:
619:
576:
560:
322:
180:
4300:
4010:
2167:
2074:
426:
The governorate has been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting in the
481:
was largely removed from the area after the Syrian Arab Army launched the
5325:
5300:
5140:
4849:
4809:
4527:
4522:
4507:
4312:
4034:
4004:
3975:
3815:
3750:
3700:
3644:
3575:
3565:
3464:
3425:
3395:
2091:
The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918: A Social and Cultural History
788:
657:
630:
607:
580:
466:
462:
397:
389:
353:
218:
121:
5395:
2154:
2122:
4814:
4557:
4079:
3890:
3525:
3510:
3435:
3430:
3405:
3380:
3140:
2974:
2531:
916:) as of 2011. The districts are further divided into 46 sub-districts (
913:
683:
393:
338:
330:
5206:
5009:
4939:
4582:
4537:
4512:
4461:
4386:
4149:
3930:
3885:
3710:
3665:
3655:
3530:
3515:
3500:
3490:
3445:
3410:
3400:
3289:
2980:
2714:
2680:
2058:
1917:
917:
847:
818:
758:
738:
728:
599:
533:
470:
435:
369:
346:
301:
279:
206:
185:
114:
54:
1916:
As per the 2004 Syrian census, the population was 4,045,200. A 2011
678:
Archaeological sites are abundant in the governorate, especially at
1999:
583:
sediments that average 4–5 km in thickness over the whole surface.
4601:
4085:
3935:
3650:
3600:
3470:
3360:
2663:
710:
Aleppo city hall, the seat of the governorate and the city council
705:
687:
671:
salt lake located 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Aleppo.
585:
297:
228:
104:
99:
3905:
3694:
3349:
2231:"Turkey takes full control of Syria's Afrin region, reports say"
458:
5399:
5227:
4985:
4758:
4633:
4438:
4276:
4126:
3836:
3326:
2691:
2634:
1937:
638:
501:
2250:
Abd as-Salam, Adil (1991) General Geography of Syria (Arabic)
2123:"The Political Economy of Aleppo in an Age of Ottoman Reform"
923:
2179:
Stein, Aaron; Abouzahr, Hossam; Komar, Rao (20 July 2017).
356:
and Umayyad Muslim dynasties, the region was part of the
2127:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
364:
period the region was under the independent rule of the
682:
in the west and the plains that extend beyond towards
614:. South of Mount Simeon is the plains of Idlib. The
5355:
5315:
5290:
5270:
5240:
5130:
5095:
5040:
5020:
4998:
4888:
4771:
4716:
4681:
4646:
4591:
4566:
4486:
4451:
4401:
4376:
4326:
4289:
4239:
4174:
4139:
4094:
4069:
4044:
4024:
3994:
3944:
3849:
3724:
3684:
3634:
3584:
3454:
3339:
3279:
3169:
3124:
3049:
2964:
2839:
2704:
2207:"Skirmishes Mar Fight Against IS in Northern Syria"
255:
227:
217:
196:
179:
171:
163:
158:
150:
145:
137:
132:
120:
110:
91:
21:
555:The governorate lies on a plateau known as the
504:, which resulted in the capture of the city of
2506:"Climatological Information for Aleppo, Syria"
1880:Source 2: BBC Weather (record highs and lows)
5411:
2646:
418:, until the latter was split off circa 1960.
8:
2484:"World Weather Information Service – Aleppo"
2181:"How Turkey Is Governing in Northern Aleppo"
2610:Syrian Arab Republic - Governorates profile
2094:. Cambridge University Press. p. 181.
5418:
5404:
5396:
5237:
5224:
4995:
4982:
4768:
4755:
4643:
4630:
4448:
4435:
4286:
4273:
4136:
4123:
3846:
3833:
3336:
3323:
2701:
2688:
2653:
2639:
2631:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1294:
18:
590:Geographic features of northwestern Syria
2555:"Syria's Economy: Picking up the Pieces"
2023:. Oxford University Press. p. 748.
716:
2508:. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from
1929:
663:The largest lake in the governorate is
407:the region was part of the short-lived
254:
226:
216:
178:
157:
144:
131:
109:
90:
51:
39:
403:In the early 20th century, during the
154:18,482 km (7,136 sq mi)
2168:Syria: French Levant States 1920-1936
414:Aleppo Governorate formerly included
337:or Magna Syria, which was ruled from
287:
195:
170:
162:
149:
136:
119:
7:
1298:Climate data for Aleppo (1946-2004)
908:The governorate is divided into ten
479:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
47:Map of Syria with Aleppo highlighted
2486:. World Meteorological Organization
498:Turkish military operation in Afrin
275:
2532:"Average Conditions Aleppo, Syria"
14:
1867:World Meteorological Organization
3313:
3307:
2662:
2139:10.1163/002249910X12573963244520
2017:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991).
1906:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
840:
834:
98:
41:
4718:Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict
1289:
1160:Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict
422:Syrian Civil War (2011-present)
2020:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1:
2376:"Ayn Al-Arab city population"
2205:Sirwan Kajjo (2 March 2017).
1970:الموقع الرسمي لمجلس مدينة حلب
2534:. BBC Weather. November 2010
2430:"Dayr-Hafir city population"
2340:"As Safirah city population"
2088:Bruce Masters (2013-04-29).
690:. This region, known as the
289:[muˈħaːfaðˤatˈħalab]
4683:Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict
4403:Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict
4096:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
2791:al-Muslimiyah al-Shamaliyah
2448:"Jarabulus city population"
1972:(in Arabic). Archived from
1771:Average precipitation days
1557:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1417:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1165:Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict
1058:Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict
1008:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
5545:
3305:
2841:Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict
2260:"SY006: Sabkhat al-Jabbul"
2063:Palestine Exploration Fund
1879:
1864:
1297:
1038:Urum al-Kubrah Subdistrict
455:Operation Euphrates Shield
5433:
5236:
5223:
4994:
4981:
4767:
4754:
4642:
4629:
4447:
4434:
4285:
4272:
4241:Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict
4135:
4122:
3845:
3832:
3335:
3322:
2700:
2687:
2675:
2273:"FindArticles.com - CBSi"
1817:
1770:
1696:
1626:
1556:
1486:
1416:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
943:Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict
833:
487:Maskanah Plains offensive
461:from the border towns of
292:) is one of the fourteen
52:
40:
31:
4176:Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict
2706:Mount Simeon Subdistrict
2466:"Atarib city population"
2358:"al-Bab city population"
2322:"Manbij city population"
2304:"Aleppo city population"
1964:
1068:Al-Jalabiyah Subdistrict
1033:Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict
938:Mount Simeon Subdistrict
491:Southern Raqqa Offensive
440:Syrian Democratic Forces
25:
4328:al-Jalbiyah Subdistrict
4291:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
3586:Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
2412:"A'zaz city population"
2394:"Afrin city population"
2121:Masters, Bruce (2010).
1095:Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
1053:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
175:260/km (680/sq mi)
5097:Al-Khafsah Subdistrict
5042:Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
4648:Dayr Hafir Subdistrict
3051:Darat Izza Subdistrict
2553:Butter, David (2015).
2262:BirdLife IBA Factsheet
1270:- includes Aleppo City
1215:al-Khafsah Subdistrict
1210:Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
1155:Dayr Hafir Subdistrict
953:Darat Izza Subdistrict
711:
665:lake Sabkhat al-Jabbul
591:
5529:Governorates of Syria
5427:Governorates of Syria
5357:Tell Aran Subdistrict
5257:Abu Jurayn al-Safirah
5242:As-Safira Subdistrict
5167:Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane'
4890:Ghandoura Subdistrict
4773:Jarabulus Subdistrict
3996:Jandairis Subdistrict
3171:al-Zirbah Subdistrict
3126:al-Hadher Subdistrict
2781:Maratat al-Muslimiyah
2694:Mount Simeon District
1872:Hong Kong Observatory
1240:Tell Aran Subdistrict
1235:as-Safira Subdistrict
1185:Ghandoura Subdistrict
1180:Jarabulus Subdistrict
958:al-Zirbah Subdistrict
931:Mount Simeon District
709:
633:. The main trees are
589:
483:East Aleppo Offensive
198: • Summer (
138: • Governor
5317:Khanasir Subdistrict
5292:al-Hajib Subdistrict
5157:al-Nasiriyah Fawqani
5132:Maskanah Subdistrict
5022:Abu Kahf Subdistrict
4279:Ayn al-Arab District
4206:Kafr Nasih al-Atarib
4026:Maabatli Subdistrict
3456:Akhtarin Subdistrict
2289:Darke, Diana (2006)
1963:"History of Aleppo"
1347:Record high °C (°F)
1255:al-Hajib Subdistrict
1245:Khanasir Subdistrict
1220:Maskanah Subdistrict
1205:Abu Kahf Subdistrict
1090:Akhtarin Subdistrict
1047:Ayn al-Arab District
1013:Maabatli Subdistrict
993:Jindires Subdistrict
445:In August 2016, the
329:(with its center at
172: • Density
16:Governorate in Syria
5162:Qashlat Yusef Basha
5122:al-Mahsanah Khafsah
4727:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
4636:Dayr Hafir District
4071:Sharran Subdistrict
2966:Haritan Subdistrict
2776:Maghayer Khan Tuman
2616:, UNOCHA, June 2014
2061:: Committee of the
1627:Record low °C (°F)
1487:Daily mean °C (°F)
1149:Dayr Hafir District
1003:Sharran Subdistrict
948:Haritan Subdistrict
536:. To the east lies
372:and then later the
319:Classical antiquity
122:Manatiq (Districts)
72: /
5524:Aleppo Governorate
5230:As-Safira District
5000:Manbij Subdistrict
4960:Qubbat at-Turkuman
4761:Jarabulus District
4568:Al-Rai Subdistrict
4453:Al-Bab Subdistrict
4418:Tell Abyad Tahtani
4378:Sarrin Subdistrict
4318:Jaadat al-Samaawat
4141:Atarib Subdistrict
3946:Bulbul Subdistrict
3726:Sawran Subdistrict
3281:Zammar Subdistrict
2951:Tabara al-Khusheir
2669:Aleppo Governorate
1231:(5 sub-districts)
1200:Manbij Subdistrict
1196:(5 sub-districts)
1176:(2 sub-districts)
1174:Jarabulus District
1151:(3 sub-districts)
1135:al-Rai Subdistrict
1125:al-Bab Subdistrict
1121:(4 sub-districts)
1110:Sawran Subdistrict
1081:(6 sub-districts)
1063:Sarrin Subdistrict
1049:(4 sub-districts)
1028:Atarib Subdistrict
1024:(3 sub-districts)
988:Bulbul Subdistrict
979:(7 sub-districts)
968:Hadher Subdistrict
963:Zammar Subdistrict
934:(7 sub-districts)
712:
592:
544:, and to the west
475:Turkish occupation
457:in order to drive
341:. The province of
268:Aleppo Governorate
260:Aleppo Governorate
164: • Total
151: • Total
141:Hussein Ahmad Diab
23:Aleppo Governorate
5511:
5510:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5272:Banan Subdistrict
5219:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5057:Arab Hassan Kabir
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4870:Umm Rutha Tahtani
4840:Jarabulus Tahtani
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4593:Tadef Subdistrict
4488:Arima Subdistrict
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
3851:Afrin Subdistrict
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3661:Ma'arat Umm Hawsh
3636:Mare' Subdistrict
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
2816:Tell Shair Samaan
2101:978-1-107-03363-4
2030:978-0-19-504652-6
2000:"Syria Provinces"
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1267:
1266:
1250:Banan Subdistrict
1140:Arima Subdistrict
1130:Tadef Subdistrict
1100:Mare' Subdistrict
983:Afrin Subdistrict
827:
826:
546:Idlib Governorate
538:Raqqa Governorate
416:Idlib Governorate
378:Vilayet of Aleppo
265:
264:
53:Coordinates (
5536:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5397:
5238:
5225:
4996:
4983:
4769:
4756:
4663:Humaymah Kabirah
4644:
4631:
4449:
4436:
4368:Ras al-Ayn Qibli
4343:Jubb Faraj Kabir
4287:
4274:
4137:
4124:
4046:Rajo Subdistrict
3847:
3834:
3686:Nubl Subdistrict
3341:Azaz Subdistrict
3337:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3241:Othmaniya Kabira
2946:Rasm al-Mofakker
2886:Ballas al-Jadida
2876:Atshana Gharbiya
2871:Atshana Sharqiya
2741:Duwayr al-Zaytun
2702:
2689:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:. pp. 9, 14
2559:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2468:. Archived from
2462:
2456:
2455:
2450:. Archived from
2444:
2438:
2437:
2432:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2414:. Archived from
2408:
2402:
2401:
2396:. Archived from
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:. Archived from
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:. Archived from
2354:
2348:
2347:
2342:. Archived from
2336:
2330:
2329:
2324:. Archived from
2318:
2312:
2311:
2306:. Archived from
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:. Archived from
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2212:Voice of America
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2133:(1/2): 290–292.
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1934:
1898:Syrian Civil War
1874:(sun 1961–1990)
1774:
1295:
1290:
1229:Safirah District
1105:Nubl Subdistrict
1085:Azaz Subdistrict
998:Rajo Subdistrict
924:
844:
838:
717:
692:Limestone Massif
563:valley into the
542:Ḥamā Governorate
451:Free Syrian Army
449:, backed by the
428:Syrian Civil War
291:
277:
229:Main language(s)
203:
103:
102:
87:
86:
84:
83:
82:
77:
73:
70:
69:
68:
65:
45:
19:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5429:
5424:
5394:
5381:
5351:
5311:
5286:
5266:
5232:
5211:
5152:Mujammaa Huttin
5126:
5091:
5036:
5016:
4990:
4988:Manbij District
4969:
4884:
4763:
4742:
4712:
4692:Kuweires Sharqi
4677:
4638:
4617:
4587:
4562:
4482:
4443:
4441:Al-Bab District
4422:
4412:Shuyukh Tahtani
4397:
4393:Shuyukh Fawqani
4372:
4322:
4281:
4260:
4235:
4170:
4131:
4129:Atarib District
4110:
4105:Shaykh al-Hadid
4090:
4065:
4040:
4020:
3990:
3940:
3841:
3820:
3720:
3680:
3630:
3580:
3450:
3441:Tulayl ash-Sham
3331:
3318:
3312:
3295:
3275:
3165:
3156:Maryamin Samaan
3120:
3106:Qabtan al-Jabal
3045:
3016:Maarat al-Artiq
2960:
2901:Buwaida Saghira
2835:
2696:
2683:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2512:on 4 March 2016
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1914:
1894:
1885:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1194:Manbij District
1119:Al-Bab District
1022:Atarib District
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
882:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
855:
851:
845:
832:
704:
540:, to the south
518:
508:and the entire
424:
409:State of Aleppo
386:
315:
310:
284:Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab
248:
244:
240:
236:
197:
97:
80:
78:
74:
71:
66:
63:
61:
59:
58:
48:
36:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5542:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5400:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5246:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5172:Saan al-Ghazal
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5101:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5082:Hayyah Kabirah
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4894:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:Marma al-Hajar
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4805:al-Haluwaniyah
4802:
4797:
4795:al-Bir Tahtani
4792:
4790:al-Bir Fawqani
4787:
4777:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4652:
4650:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4597:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4457:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4332:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4256:Urum al-Sughra
4253:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4145:
4143:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3855:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3839:Afrin District
3837:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Kafr Burayshah
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3319:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3221:Huweir al-Eiss
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Oweinat Kabira
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2600:
2575:
2545:
2523:
2497:
2475:
2472:on 2012-07-23.
2457:
2454:on 2012-12-03.
2439:
2436:on 2012-07-29.
2421:
2418:on 2012-07-29.
2403:
2400:on 2012-07-30.
2385:
2382:on 2012-12-03.
2367:
2364:on 2012-12-03.
2349:
2346:on 2012-07-23.
2331:
2328:on 2012-07-29.
2313:
2310:on 2012-05-20.
2295:
2282:
2279:on 2012-07-09.
2264:
2252:
2243:
2222:
2197:
2171:
2160:
2113:
2100:
2080:
2036:
2029:
2009:
1986:
1954:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1910:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1820:sunshine hours
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1279:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
977:Afrin District
973:
972:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
922:
901:
896:
891:
886:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
852:
839:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:
815:
814:
811:
805:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
785:
784:
781:
775:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
703:
700:
626:to the south.
557:Aleppo plateau
550:Hatay Province
517:
514:
510:Afrin District
423:
420:
405:French Mandate
385:
384:Modern history
382:
358:Jund Qinnasrin
314:
311:
309:
306:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
231:
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
204:
194:
193:
183:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
95:
89:
88:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
32:
29:
28:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5541:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:Hamir Labidah
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5062:Awsajli Kabir
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Kherbet Kiyar
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:Urum al-Kubra
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4231:al-Shaykh Ali
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:Maarat Atarib
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Burj Abdullah
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:Awlad al-Arab
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:al-Yaarubiyah
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:Turkman Bareh
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3551:Tal'ar Sharqi
3549:
3547:
3546:Tal'ar Gharbi
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:al-Fayruziyah
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:Azaz District
3325:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:Ziyara Samaan
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3041:Yaqed al-Adas
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Shaykh Najjar
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2956:Um al-Karamel
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:Tell al-Daman
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:al-Dhahabiyah
2824:
2822:
2821:Tell Shughayb
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:al-Muslimiyah
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:Ayn al-Kabira
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2590:. 16 May 2022
2589:
2588:reliefweb.int
2585:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2562:Chatham House
2556:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1976:on 2013-07-23
1975:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:Mean monthly
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1699:precipitation
1695:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:Mediterranean
1277:
1275:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:Azaz District
1077:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
975:
974:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
932:
928:
927:
926:
925:
921:
919:
915:
911:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
850:
849:
843:
837:
829:
822:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
800:
797:
796:
792:
790:
787:
786:
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
718:
715:
708:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:fustuq Ḥalabī
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
588:
584:
582:
578:
572:
570:
569:Syrian Desert
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
548:and Turkey's
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:provinces of
531:
527:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:launched the
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
419:
417:
412:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
285:
281:
273:
269:
261:
258:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
230:
222:
220:
219:ISO 3166 code
212:
208:
205:
201:
191:
187:
184:
182:
174:
166:
153:
140:
127:
125:
123:
116:
113:
106:
101:
96:
94:
85:
76:36.2°N 37.6°E
56:
44:
35:
30:
20:
5437:
5364:
5342:al-Samiriyah
5337:Rasm Al-Nafl
5324:
5299:
5279:
5249:
5139:
5112:Khan al-Humr
5104:
5049:
5029:
5008:
5007:
4950:Tell Aghbar
4897:
4820:Ayn al-Bayda
4781:
4780:
4733:Shaykh Ahmad
4725:
4708:Rasm al-Abed
4690:
4673:Umm el-Marra
4655:
4600:
4575:
4495:
4460:
4410:
4385:
4335:
4299:
4298:
4248:
4185:Ibbin Samaan
4183:
4148:
4103:
4078:
4061:Meidan Ekbis
4053:
4033:
4003:
3966:Darmashkanli
3953:
3858:
3811:Az-Zahiriyah
3733:
3693:
3643:
3593:
3463:
3391:al-Malikiyah
3371:Kafr Khasher
3348:
3288:
3246:Rasm al-Eiss
3178:
3133:
3111:al-Sakhriyah
3058:
3031:Shaykh Zayat
2973:
2848:
2713:
2677:
2668:
2618:, retrieved
2609:
2603:
2592:. Retrieved
2587:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2561:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2478:
2470:the original
2460:
2452:the original
2442:
2434:the original
2424:
2416:the original
2406:
2398:the original
2388:
2380:the original
2370:
2362:the original
2352:
2344:the original
2334:
2326:the original
2316:
2308:the original
2298:
2290:
2285:
2277:the original
2267:
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2225:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2190:14 September
2188:. Retrieved
2185:Syria Deeply
2184:
2174:
2163:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2105:. Retrieved
2090:
2083:
2053:
2049:Al-Muqaddasi
2039:
2018:
2012:
2004:statoids.com
2003:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1969:
1957:
1946:. Retrieved
1944:. 2017-09-21
1941:
1932:
1915:
1895:
1870:
1701:mm (inches)
1281:
1269:
1261:
929:
907:
846:
713:
680:Mount Simeon
677:
662:
645:
643:
628:
616:river 'Afrīn
612:Mount Simeon
604:Lake Jabboul
596:Dhahab river
593:
573:
554:
519:
500:against the
495:
447:Turkish Army
444:
425:
413:
402:
390:Tanzimat era
387:
351:
343:Euphratensis
325:العيس), and
316:
294:governorates
283:
267:
266:
126:
5493:Rif Dimashq
5453:Deir ez-Zor
5192:Tell Akhdar
5117:al-Maamurah
4965:al-Suwaydah
4935:Jubb al-Dam
4865:Qirq Maghar
4800:al-Hajaliah
4337:al-Jalbiyah
4308:al-Farazdaq
4301:Ayn al-Arab
4226:al-Sahharah
4196:Kafr Karmin
3971:Deir Ballut
3961:Burj Haider
3781:Kafr Shoush
3766:al-Judaydah
3756:Hawar Kilis
3621:Shaykh Issa
3595:Tell Rifaat
3556:Tall Battal
3366:Kafr Kalbin
3261:Tell Hidyah
3256:Tell Allush
3011:Kafr Hamrah
2906:Deir Saliba
2766:Kafr Saghir
2538:10 November
2516:10 November
2490:10 November
2065:. pp.
2045:Ad-Dimashqi
861:Ayn al-Arab
769:Ayn Al-Arab
723:Population
696:Dead Cities
635:Aleppo pine
624:Mount Ḥārim
388:During the
335:Coele-Syria
327:Cyrrhestica
79: /
34:Governorate
26:مُحافظة حلب
5518:Categories
5498:As-Suwayda
5463:Al-Hasakah
5372:Tell Hasil
5202:al-Zahirah
5187:Tell Aswad
5177:al-Tadamon
5106:Al-Khafsah
5087:Jubb Hamza
5051:Abu Qilqil
4955:Tell Hajar
4920:Arab Azzah
4875:Yusuf Bayk
4855:Qandariyah
4738:Tell Ayoub
4657:Dayr Hafir
4608:Tell Rahal
4553:Oweishiyeh
4473:Abu Taltal
4468:Abu Jabbar
4211:Kafr Nuran
4191:Kafr Halab
4016:Kafr Safra
3986:Karzahayel
3806:al-Yamamah
3676:Tell Qarah
3626:Tell Jabin
3611:Kafr Naseh
3606:Deir Jamal
3561:Tall Tanah
3536:Qar Kalbin
3416:al-Salameh
3161:Tell Dadin
3060:Darat Izza
3006:Kafr Bssin
2926:Kafr Obeid
2921:Jubb Aleis
2801:Rasm Assan
2771:Khan Tuman
2594:2022-11-05
2568:5 November
2107:2013-06-08
1980:2017-12-20
1948:2021-11-17
1924:References
1912:Population
1865:Source 1:
1773:(≥ 0.1 mm)
799:Dayr Hafir
749:As Safirah
733:2,132,100
698:of Syria.
673:Lake Assad
652:, Dhahab,
620:Mount Kurd
489:, and the
352:Under the
276:محافظة حلب
159:Population
133:Government
81:36.2; 37.6
5366:Tell Aran
5251:as-Safira
5182:Talhuthan
5072:Dandaniya
4910:Al-Shahid
4905:Al-Kuliya
4899:Ghandoura
4783:Jarabulus
4668:al-Jabbul
4533:Haji Kusa
4201:Kafr Naha
4156:al-Abzamo
3911:Kafr Nabu
3896:Beit Adin
3881:Baselhaya
3796:Shuwayrin
3786:Murayghil
3761:Ihtaimlat
3741:Baraghida
3716:al-Zahraa
3616:Kafr Naya
3486:Bahwartah
3476:Aq Burhan
3421:Shamarikh
3376:Kaljibrin
3211:Bawabiyah
3180:al-Zirbah
3135:al-Hadher
3081:Kafrantin
3076:Bishqatin
3066:Bshantara
2931:al-Mintar
2856:Abu Rweil
2831:al-Wadihi
2147:0022-4995
1965:تاريخ حلب
1902:Gaziantep
910:districts
898:Jarabulus
888:As-Safira
830:Districts
809:Jarabulus
577:Paleozoic
561:Euphrates
530:Şanlıurfa
526:Gaziantep
516:Geography
366:Hamdanids
360:. In the
323:Qinnasrin
181:Time zone
167:4,868,111
5483:Quneitra
5443:Damascus
5326:Khanasir
5301:al-Hajib
5141:Maskanah
5067:Dakhirah
5031:Abu Kahf
4880:Zugharah
4850:Mazaalah
4810:al-Jamel
4703:al-Raa'i
4698:Mazburah
4558:Qabbasin
4528:Haddabat
4523:Deir Qaq
4508:Barlahin
4478:Ameriyeh
4313:al-Haqel
4166:al-Jinah
4035:Maabatli
4005:Jindires
3976:Fafertin
3926:Maryamin
3866:Ain Dara
3816:Zayzafun
3751:Duwaybiq
3701:Bayanoun
3576:Ziadiyah
3566:Tat Hims
3506:Duweidan
3465:Akhtarin
3426:Shamarin
3396:Maraanaz
3236:Kassibeh
3231:Jubb Kas
3216:Humayrah
3086:al-Hoteh
3021:Naqqarin
2891:Batranah
2861:Ameriyeh
2746:Haddadin
2678:Capital:
2620:20 March
2155:25651220
2051:(1890).
1860:3,001.9
1766:(12.94)
1697:Average
658:Maskanah
581:Mesozoic
463:Jarablus
434:and the
398:Anatolia
374:Ottomans
354:Rashidun
250:Armenian
5478:Latakia
5377:Zira'ah
5332:Qulayaa
5262:Aqrabah
5197:Tishrin
4945:Nabghah
4915:Al-Qadi
4825:Balaban
4815:Amarnah
4613:al-Waqf
4518:al-Burj
4363:Ramilah
4358:Qinayah
4221:Awayjil
4080:Sharran
4011:Jalamah
3891:Basufan
3671:Talalin
3526:Kadrish
3521:Ka'ibah
3511:Ghaytun
3436:Tatiyah
3431:Sijaraz
3406:Nayarah
3386:Ma'arin
3381:Al-Krum
3251:Talafeh
3226:Jazraya
3151:Jmeimeh
3146:Dalamah
3141:al-Eiss
3096:Injarah
3071:Basrtun
2991:Bashkoy
2975:Haritan
2936:Mreiqes
2806:Saqlaya
2761:Hreibel
2075:1004386
1892:Economy
1761:(2.35)
1756:(1.39)
1751:(0.76)
1746:(0.09)
1741:(0.01)
1736:(0.00)
1731:(0.09)
1726:(0.70)
1721:(1.32)
1716:(1.81)
1711:(2.05)
1706:(2.37)
1622:(51.6)
1617:(37.9)
1612:(43.5)
1607:(54.3)
1602:(63.1)
1597:(69.6)
1592:(69.6)
1587:(64.6)
1582:(56.3)
1577:(48.0)
1572:(41.0)
1567:(36.3)
1562:(35.1)
1552:(63.1)
1547:(45.1)
1542:(54.1)
1537:(66.9)
1532:(77.4)
1527:(82.6)
1522:(82.9)
1517:(78.4)
1512:(70.0)
1507:(60.4)
1502:(51.8)
1497:(45.3)
1492:(42.1)
1482:(74.9)
1477:(53.4)
1472:(62.2)
1467:(80.6)
1462:(91.8)
1457:(97.0)
1452:(97.2)
1447:(92.5)
1442:(83.7)
1437:(72.7)
1432:(62.4)
1427:(54.7)
1422:(50.5)
1278:Climate
914:manatiq
856:Sem‘ān
823:10,657
813:11,570
803:18,948
793:31,623
783:36,562
773:44,821
763:63,069
753:63,708
743:99,497
684:Antioch
565:Jazīrah
394:Bedouin
370:Mamluks
362:Abbasid
339:Antioch
331:Cyrrhus
313:Ancient
308:History
256:Website
246:Turkish
242:Kurdish
111:Capital
93:Country
67:37°36′E
64:36°12′N
5503:Tartus
5438:Aleppo
5307:Hawwaz
5207:Zunqul
5147:Mallah
5010:Manbij
4940:Lilawa
4930:Fursan
4860:Qirata
4835:Haymar
4583:Sosyan
4577:Al-Rai
4538:Hezwan
4513:Bizaah
4462:al-Bab
4387:Sarrin
4353:Qibbah
4161:Batibo
4150:Atarib
3981:Jalbul
3955:Bulbul
3931:Oqayba
3916:Kalota
3886:Basuta
3735:Sawran
3711:Ratyan
3666:Sunbul
3656:Herbel
3541:Taanah
3531:Qabtan
3516:Ghurur
3501:Dudyan
3491:Baruza
3481:Arshaf
3446:Yahmul
3411:Naddah
3401:Menagh
3290:Zammar
3206:Barqum
3201:Barnah
3036:Shamer
2996:Hayyan
2981:Anadan
2911:Hmeidi
2881:Ballas
2811:Siefat
2796:Qarras
2751:Hayyan
2715:Aleppo
2681:Aleppo
2293:p. 132
2236:3 June
2153:
2145:
2098:
2073:
2059:London
2027:
1918:UNOCHA
1857:127.1
1854:186.0
1851:244.9
1848:303.0
1845:365.8
1842:387.5
1839:366.0
1836:319.3
1833:243.0
1830:198.4
1827:140.0
1824:120.9
1412:(117)
1392:(106)
1387:(109)
1382:(115)
1377:(117)
1372:(106)
1303:Month
1262:
918:nawahi
903:Manbij
876:Al-Bab
866:Atarib
848:Aleppo
819:Atarib
759:Al-Bab
739:Manbij
729:Aleppo
702:Cities
669:Ramsar
534:Turkey
528:, and
485:, the
477:. The
471:Al-Bab
436:Rojava
368:. The
347:Manbij
302:Aleppo
280:ALA-LC
272:Arabic
238:Syriac
234:Arabic
115:Aleppo
55:Aleppo
5488:Raqqa
5473:Idlib
5448:Daraa
5281:Banan
4925:Belis
4830:Dabis
4602:Tadef
4548:Maran
4503:Arran
4497:Arima
4086:Qatma
3936:Qibar
3921:Kimar
3876:Barad
3860:Afrin
3771:Kafra
3706:Mayer
3651:Fafin
3645:Mare'
3601:Ahras
3496:Dabiq
3471:Ablah
3361:Jarez
3266:Zitan
3196:Banes
3191:Arada
3116:Taqad
3101:Irhab
2986:Babis
2916:Hober
2896:Burda
2866:Arjel
2756:Hilan
2736:Azzan
2726:Assan
2721:Abtin
2614:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2291:Syria
2218:said.
2151:JSTOR
2069:–39.
1764:328.8
1687:(18)
1682:(27)
1677:(41)
1672:(45)
1667:(59)
1662:(61)
1657:(48)
1652:(32)
1647:(28)
1642:(19)
1637:(14)
1407:(64)
1402:(86)
1397:(99)
1367:(93)
1362:(88)
1357:(70)
1352:(63)
1342:Year
883:Ḥafir
871:Afrin
854:Jabal
789:A'zaz
779:Afrin
688:Idlib
654:Aswad
650:Sājūr
631:A'zaz
608:Quwēq
522:Kilis
506:Afrin
467:A'zaz
298:Syria
223:SY-HL
207:UTC+3
186:UTC+2
105:Syria
5468:Homs
5458:Hama
4055:Rajo
3906:Inab
3791:Rael
3695:Nubl
3350:Azaz
3186:Abad
2622:2020
2570:2022
2540:2012
2518:2012
2492:2012
2238:2018
2192:2017
2143:ISSN
2096:ISBN
2071:OCLC
2025:ISBN
1942:SANA
1759:59.6
1754:35.2
1749:19.2
1724:17.9
1719:33.6
1714:46.1
1709:52.0
1704:60.3
1692:(9)
1632:(9)
1620:10.9
1605:12.4
1600:17.3
1595:20.9
1590:20.9
1585:18.1
1580:13.5
1550:17.3
1540:12.3
1535:19.4
1530:25.2
1525:28.1
1520:28.3
1515:25.8
1510:21.1
1505:15.8
1500:11.0
1480:23.8
1475:11.9
1470:16.8
1465:27.0
1460:33.2
1455:36.1
1450:36.2
1445:33.6
1440:28.7
1435:22.6
1430:16.9
1425:12.6
1420:10.3
1339:Dec
1336:Nov
1333:Oct
1330:Sep
1327:Aug
1324:Jul
1321:Jun
1318:May
1315:Apr
1312:Mar
1309:Feb
1306:Jan
893:Azaz
881:Dayr
720:City
686:and
667:, a
637:and
579:and
469:and
459:ISIL
432:TFSA
211:EEST
146:Area
5347:Tat
4348:Mil
3746:Bel
3091:Hur
3001:Fah
2135:doi
1813:72
1810:11
1783:10
1780:14
1777:13
1744:2.2
1739:0.3
1734:0.1
1729:2.3
1690:−13
1635:−10
1630:−13
1615:3.3
1610:6.4
1575:8.9
1570:5.0
1565:2.4
1560:1.7
1545:7.3
1495:7.4
1490:5.6
920:):
639:oak
600:Bāb
502:YPG
349:).
317:In
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