289:, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), anemia, rear leg weakness, seizures and black tarry stool. Additional symptoms include poor reproduction and/or oral bleeding/gastrointestinal bleeding. Lesions can also be found within the pelt depending on the severity of the disease. This virus can unfortunately reduce fitness of wild mink especially, by disturbing both the productivity within adult females and the overall survivor rates of both juveniles and adults. Likewise, in the mink kits that survive, it infects the alveolar cells and ultimately causes respiratory distress, possibly leading to death.
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Aleutian disease was first recognized in ranch-raised mink in 1956. The disease was so named because it was first found in mink with the
Aleutian coat color gene, a gun-metal grey pelt. It was assumed that the disease was a result of poor genetics, but it was later found that minks of all coat colors
300:
There is currently no known treatment for
Aleutian virus. When evidence of ADV shows in a ferret, it is strongly recommended that a CEP (counterimmunoelectrophoresis) blood test or an IFA (immunofluorescent antibody) test be done. The CEP test is usually faster and less expensive than the IFA test,
272:
A lethal infection in mink, the
Aleutian disease virus lies dormant in ferrets until stress or injury allows it to surface. While the parvovirus itself causes little or no harm to the ferret host, the large number of antibodies produced in response to the presence of the virus results in a systemic
305:
allow for rapid and accurate detection as well as determination of the amount of viron present. Prevention is best accomplished by stopping the spread of ADV. Any new ferret, or those which have been confirmed as serum positive for the virus should be perpetually isolated from other ferrets. All
251:
Aleutian disease has also more currently been found among free range mink throughout Europe and North
America. It is speculated that the disease has been transferred from farmed mink to those in the wild. This is most commonly due to escapees within farms, who when free are hybridizing with wild
248:-infected mink, making suspensions, and injecting all the mink on their ranch. This practice led to a severe outbreak of AD on a Connecticut ranch, with a mortality of almost 100% in less than 6 months. The disease spread from minks to ferrets, as the two were raised on the same farms.
301:
but the IFA test is more sensitive and can detect the disease in borderline cases. A method had been employed successfully to eliminate this virus from an infected herd of mink. Additionally modern methods such as Real-Time
264:. It is transferred through bodily fluids, and also be transmitted in utero or by direct/indirect contact with those mink who are infected. Once symptoms have been indicated, the mink is certain to die.
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This is a growing concern within mink producers as it is the most significant infectious disease affecting farmed mink worldwide.
1007:
952:
34:
374:"Amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution, and pathology"
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1002:
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family within mink, ferrets, otters, polecats, stone and pine martens and within other carnivores such as skunks,
842:"Driving forces behind the evolution of the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus in the context of intensive farming"
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items that may have come into contact with the infected ferret should be cleaned with a 10% bleach solution.
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Once symptoms show themselves, the disease progresses rapidly, usually to death within a few months.
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were susceptible to the disease—but tend to have a lower mortality compared with
Aleutian mink.
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In the 1960s, it was common practice for mink ranchers to make their own distemper vaccines by
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224:, foxes and raccoons. This is most commonly explained as because they all share resources and
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Canuti M, O'Leary KE, Hunter BD, Spearman G, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Lang AS (January 2016).
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Disease of mustelids caused by a highly contagious parvovirus (carnivore amdoparvovirus 1)
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Jepsen JR, d'Amore F, Baandrup U, Clausen MR, Gottschalck E, Aasted B (December 2009).
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mink. There are different strains of this disease which have been documented.
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Persson S, Jensen TH, Blomström AL, Appelberg MT, Magnusson U (2015-03-30).
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741:"The pathogenesis of Aleutian disease of mink. 3. Immune complex arteritis"
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577:
463:
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428:"Aleutian mink disease virus in furbearing mammals in Nova Scotia, Canada"
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suppression and death. The symptoms are chronic, progressive weight loss,
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857:
225:
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Nituch LA, Bowman J, Beauclerc KB, Schulte-Hostedde AI (2011-07-18).
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908:
596:"Mink farms predict Aleutian disease exposure in wild American mink"
46:
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ELIMINATION OF PATHOGENIC INFECTION IN FARMED ANIMAL POPULATIONS
191:
912:
534:"Aleutian mink disease virus in free-ranging mink from Sweden"
481:. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
216:. The virus has been found as a natural infection in the
657:"Viral Diseases of Mink: Mink: Merck Veterinary Manual"
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A mink, one of the hosts of
Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
335:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
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8:
739:Porter DD, Larsen AE, Porter HG (May 1973).
479:"Aleutian Disease in Mink. Agdex#: 475/662"
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18:
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619:
567:
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782:"Aleutian mink disease virus and humans"
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372:Canuti M, Whitney HG, Lang AS (2015).
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745:The American Journal of Pathology
477:Tapscott, Brian (October 2015).
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699:from the original on 2016-12-02
667:from the original on 2016-12-02
1:
502:"Aleutian Disease in Ferrets"
432:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
786:Emerging Infectious Diseases
621:10.1371/journal.pone.0021693
559:10.1371/journal.pone.0122194
206:, ADV), a highly contagious
186:, is a disease which causes
896:Aleutian mink disease virus
163:Aleutian mink disease virus
1029:
953:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
923:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
689:"Aleutian Disease in Mink"
426:Farid AH (February 2013).
359:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
329:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
200:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
146:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
23:Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1
378:Frontiers in Microbiology
160:
153:
28:
21:
719:"Aleutian Disease Virus"
391:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01119
327:"ICTV Taxonomy history:
277:, resulting in eventual
445:10.1186/1751-0147-55-10
798:10.3201/eid1512.090514
661:www.merckvetmanual.com
204:Aleutian disease virus
176:
1008:Animal viral diseases
902:NCBI Taxonomy Browser
296:Testing and treatment
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693:www.omafra.gov.on.ca
188:spontaneous abortion
30:Virus classification
612:2011PLoSO...621693N
550:2015PLoSO..1022194P
198:. It is caused by
184:mink plasmacytosis
177:
1003:Mustelid diseases
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915:Taxon identifiers
858:10.1093/ve/vew004
508:on 1 October 2002
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504:. Archived from
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722:. Retrieved
717:Williams B.
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506:the original
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483:. Retrieved
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351:Parvovirinae
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347:Parvoviridae
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338:. Retrieved
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256:Transmission
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242:homogenizing
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121:Parvoviridae
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109:Piccovirales
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73:Shotokuvirae
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61:Monodnaviria
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43:(unranked):
22:
947:Wikispecies
340:18 December
283:bone marrow
997:Categories
703:2016-12-01
671:2016-12-01
500:Deeney A.
485:26 October
313:References
275:vasculitis
262:contagious
218:Mustelidae
208:parvovirus
938:Q18973651
438:(1): 10.
246:distemper
140:Species:
68:Kingdom:
932:Wikidata
904:. 28314.
876:27774297
816:19961696
697:Archived
665:Archived
640:21789177
600:PLOS ONE
578:25822750
538:PLOS ONE
464:23394546
410:26528267
384:: 1119.
287:lethargy
268:Symptoms
226:habitats
155:Synonyms
116:Family:
80:Phylum:
980:1511862
867:4989880
807:3044528
767:4576760
758:1903963
724:7 April
631:3138738
608:Bibcode
569:4379071
546:Bibcode
512:7 April
455:3602201
401:4600916
232:History
196:ferrets
128:Genus:
104:Order:
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222:genets
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192:minks
54:Realm
47:Virus
975:NCBI
872:PMID
812:PMID
763:PMID
726:2008
636:PMID
574:PMID
514:2008
487:2018
460:PMID
406:PMID
342:2018
194:and
962:CoL
862:PMC
854:doi
802:PMC
794:doi
753:PMC
626:PMC
616:doi
564:PMC
554:doi
450:PMC
440:doi
396:PMC
386:doi
303:PCR
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