240:; before long the two were closely linked due to their shared distaste for the strategy of the loyalist paramilitary-linked political parties. As part of the protests a mechanical digger appeared on the loyalist side and rumours circulated that the machine was armour plated and was to be driven at the security forces. The same rumours also put Kerr in the driving seat of the vehicle. Pictures were broadcast in 1996 of the two men directing rioters on Drumcree hill against the security forces, and the CLMC decided to act against the pair after Wright's ally Clifford McKeown shot and killed a Catholic taxi driver on 1 July. The UDA acted swiftly to remove Kerr from his position as brigadier and expel him and his supporters from their membership. They sent a hit squad to his new base in
159:. At the time English was attempting to build support for a ceasefire declaration by the CLMC. In this endeavour he was supported by Reid and Matthews but opposed vehemently by Adair. Along with McFarland, Kerr represented a middle group who demonstrated general agreement with English but also expressed sympathy for Adair's position that a recent upturn in UDA activity was winning the struggle against the IRA for them.
244:, although this attempt at assassination failed when they were intercepted by the RUC. The UVF were more recalcitrant about expelling Wright, which almost caused a rift until the UVF accepted the UDA's point of view and expelled him. Both men were placed under death sentences. Jackie McDonald replaced Kerr, becoming, for the second time, leader of the South Belfast Brigade.
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324:, was pursuing Kerr's earlier idea of a close relationship with the UDA. He felt, however, that Kerr, who was still seen as a dissident by the UDA, was damaging the prospects of that happening and as such Kerr was out of favour with the new LVF leader. The UDA's South Belfast Brigade claimed that Kerr had been working for
319:
Kerr was not released from prison until 1998 when he initially settled in the LVF stronghold of
Portadown, claiming that his time in paramilitarism was over. Soon afterwards however Kerr fled the town under cover of darkness. Fulton, who had succeeded to the leadership of the LVF following Wright's
217:, a stronghold of the South Belfast Brigade. Soon Kerr ramped up his approach by giving interviews to the press in which he called for the development of a new strategy opposed to the Frameworks and a possible return to violence. On 2 June 1995 nine UDA prisoners, including
284:, as a cover for his own activity as well as that of any dissident who chose to use the name. The formal judgement of the CLMC, which expelled Wright and Kerr and passed death sentences on them officially, completed the split. Kerr joined Wright, head of the local
127:
discussions about political strategy. Liaison officers were appointed to the new body by each of the three groups and Kerr was chosen as the UDA's military representative. Each group also appointed a political liaison officer with Kerr joined by
110:
From the time of its establishment in 1971 until August 1992, the UDA was a legal loyalist paramilitary organisation; it was also the largest. In the spring of 1991, a year and a half before its proscription, the UDA aligned with the
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Press reports in 2002 linked Kerr with a shadowy group of UDA dissidents who released a series of statements attacking the leadership of Jackie McDonald, and the peace process. Kerr's name was soon dropped from these press releases.
328:
although this denied by the UVF's military liaison officer on the CLMC who claimed that, despite being opposed to the LVF, he believed that Kerr was a "true believer" and that the informer tag was simply "black propaganda".
307:
and the two worked together to try to convince Wright of the desirability of a closer relationship with the UDA. Seeking to demonstrate the capabilities of the new group, Kerr invited the media to an LVF show of strength at
91:, but he was not trusted by the rest of the leadership and was removed less than a year later following his arrest for extortion, allowing Kerr to become the new brigadier. Kerr was on good terms with West Belfast commander
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hours before the deadline for him to leave
Northern Ireland or face death was due to expire. A bomb was thrown through the window of Kerr's parents' house as soon as the deadline expired.
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Seeking to begin an internal campaign against the agreement Kerr initially targeted the UDP, having supporters write "Ulster Drugs Party" on the walls of The
Village area of
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and some other
Protestant fundamentalists who disagreed with the paths being taken by the leaders of the main loyalist paramilitary groups. Red Hand Commando dissident
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in autumn 1996 but the publicity proved counter-productive as the RUC arrived and arrested everybody at the scene. Kerr was held on remand in
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Kerr and Wright however defied the ban and instead pooled their followers into a new anti-peace process organisation to be called the
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also expressed his support for the new group although he declined to join, instead creating his own flag of convenience, the
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from the West
Belfast UDA, although he declined due to his mistrust of Wright. The new group however did win the support of
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under orders from Johnny Adair, who was on remand at the time and was at that point still committed to the UDP's strategy.
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In early 1994 the UDA's Inner
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Kerr's current whereabouts are unknown. In 2009, Jackie McDonald stated that Kerr, along with Johnny Adair and
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99:'s Finaghy Road North home. The attack did not take place as the C Company unit had been observed by the
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activity, Kerr established his power base as South
Belfast brigadier. The position had been held by
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178:. The remainder of Northern Ireland would become an autonomous region within the United Kingdom.
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and
Stephen Irwin, came out in support of Kerr and were eventually moved to another wing of the
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Native Vs. Settler: Ethnic
Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland and South Africa
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Native VS Settler: Ethnic
Conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland and South Africa
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For his part Kerr was sympathetic to the adoption of a "doomsday" scenario in which
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following the 1995 publication of the Frameworks document that preceded the
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by stealth. Kerr became strongly disenchanted with the strategy of the
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729:"UDA Terror Chiefs Say: Peace Is Dead.Let's Go Back to the Killing"
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340:, could never return to Northern Ireland without being killed.
139:, Tom Reid for North Belfast, Gary Matthews for East Belfast,
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Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company
206:, were simply being used by the British government to get
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and argued that they, and their UVF-linked allies in the
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174:in West Belfast, with both areas given over to the
760:, belfasttelegraph.co.I'm. Accessed 19 March 2022.
384:. Greenwood Publishing Group: Westport, Ct: p.188
620:. Greenwood Publishing Group: Westport, Ct. p.187
1564:Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee
194:, as he saw this document as bringing about a
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400:The State: Historical and Political Dimension
398:English, Richard; Townshend, Charles (1999).
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359:"Billy Wright: Dying by the Sword". Politico
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28:paramilitary. Kerr was a brigadier in the
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465:UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror
87:was chosen as McMichael's replacement by
1378:Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings
566:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA
493:, Dublin: Penguin Ireland, 2004, p. 190
467:, Dublin: Penguin Ireland, 2004, p. 160
348:
1277:North Antrim & Londonderry Brigade
758:Adair will die if he returns to Ulster
36:. He is no longer active in loyalism.
454:, Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004, p. 127
256:(LVF). This group won the support of
236:where he was often in the company of
7:
727:Fergus, Lindsay (10 February 2002).
115:(UVF) and its subsidiary group, the
107:and were all subsequently arrested.
48:, Kerr told him he was the son of a
1414:Attack on James Murray's bookmakers
672:A Chronology of the Conflict – 1996
1835:Ulster Defence Association members
1514:Combined Loyalist Military Command
232:Kerr became a regular face at the
166:, with Catholics sent west of the
121:Combined Loyalist Military Command
14:
476:Jim Cusack & Henry McDonald,
463:Henry McDonald & Jim Cusack,
412:McDonald, Henry (16 March 2002).
79:until he was assassinated by the
1825:Loyalist Volunteer Force members
1693:
1408:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting
450:David Lister & Hugh Jordan,
56:, traditionally associated with
1574:Ulster Political Research Group
1519:Loyalist Association of Workers
480:, Dublin: Poolbeg, 1997, p. 275
1579:Ulster Workers' Council strike
322:Irish National Liberation Army
188:Northern Ireland peace process
164:Ireland would be repartitioned
1:
303:Kerr quickly became close to
157:UDA South East Antrim Brigade
52:-born mother whose hobby was
1594:Woodvale Defence Association
1544:Shankill Defence Association
1534:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters
1396:Biddy Mulligan's pub bombing
1366:Top of the Hill bar shooting
616:Mitchell, Thomas G. (2000).
380:Mitchell, Thomas G. (2000).
365:. Retrieved 18 February 2015
266:Ulster Independence Movement
210:into a devolved government.
60:. Kerr made his home on the
1830:Paramilitaries from Belfast
1799:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
1589:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
24:is a Northern Irish former
16:Northern Irish paramilitary
1851:
1168:William "Bucky" McCullough
834:Ulster Defence Association
784:Ulster Defence Association
204:Progressive Unionist Party
73:Ulster Defence Association
40:Ulster Defence Association
30:Ulster Defence Association
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1604:bold indicates brigadiers
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1251:South East Antrim Brigade
1178:Billy "Twister" McQuiston
871:position abolished (1988)
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791:
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402:.London: Routledge. p.209
290:Democratic Unionist Party
101:Royal Ulster Constabulary
1784:UDA West Belfast Brigade
1643:Loyalist Volunteer Force
1402:Milltown Cemetery attack
1173:Stephen "Top Gun" McKeag
981:Andre & Ihab Shoukri
786:South Belfast Brigadier
254:Loyalist Volunteer Force
248:Loyalist Volunteer Force
170:and possibly also to an
137:UDA West Belfast Brigade
1701:Northern Ireland portal
1554:Ulster Democratic Party
737:(subscription required)
713:McDonald & Cusack,
695:McDonald & Cusack,
682:McDonald & Cusack,
658:McDonald & Cusack,
642:McDonald & Cusack,
629:McDonald & Cusack,
603:McDonald & Cusack,
590:Cusack & McDonald,
577:McDonald & Cusack,
551:Cusack & McDonald,
535:McDonald & Cusack,
515:McDonald & Cusack,
489:McDonald & Cusack,
422:(subscription required)
200:Ulster Democratic Party
186:Kerr lost faith in the
1794:UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade
1584:Ulster Young Militants
1390:Dublin Airport bombing
1372:New Lodge Six shooting
1108:William "Winkie" Dodds
113:Ulster Volunteer Force
1711:Members and spokesmen
1675:Mark "Swinger" Fulton
1228:"Fat" Jackie Thompson
1205:Gary "Smickers" Smyth
1199:Charles Harding Smith
999:South Belfast Brigade
942:North Belfast Brigade
886:Albert "Ginger" Baker
860:Charles Harding Smith
502:Lister & Jordan,
305:Mark "Swinger" Fulton
34:South Belfast Brigade
1718:William James Fulton
1384:Murder of Ann Ogilby
1063:West Belfast Brigade
906:Jim "Doris Day" Gray
879:East Belfast Brigade
320:1997 killing by the
316:after the incident.
71:From this centre of
64:estate in southwest
1549:Ulster Army Council
1420:Castlerock killings
1360:Benny's Bar bombing
1183:James "Sham" Millar
853:Chairmen of the UDA
176:Republic of Ireland
1779:Red Hand Defenders
1681:Robin "Billy" King
1569:Ulster nationalism
1539:Red Hand Defenders
1426:Greysteel massacre
1321:Mid-Ulster Brigade
326:RUC Special Branch
288:Harold Gracey and
282:Red Hand Defenders
219:Greysteel massacre
182:Split from the UDA
145:County Londonderry
132:in this function.
103:(RUC) leaving the
58:Irish nationalists
1807:
1806:
1764:Drumcree conflict
1609:
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1436:Prominent victims
801:
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792:Succeeded by
734:The Sunday People
361:. 1 February 1998
296:on a platform in
234:Drumcree conflict
192:Belfast Agreement
119:to establish the
117:Red Hand Commando
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1757:Related articles
1743:Clifford Peeples
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1311:Andy Robinson
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1129:Donald Hodgen
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1125:
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1120:
1119:Ernie Elliott
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1115:
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1103:
1102:Frankie Curry
1100:
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1053:Michael Stone
1051:
1049:
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1025:
1023:
1022:Raymond Elder
1020:
1018:
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988:Jimbo Simpson
985:
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968:Tommy English
966:
964:
961:
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950:John Boreland
947:
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933:Michael Stone
931:
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739:
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723:
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699:, pp. 285–286
698:
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689:
686:, pp. 283–284
685:
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646:, pp. 282–283
645:
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623:
619:
613:
610:
607:, pp. 281–282
606:
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564:Ian S. Wood,
561:
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279:
278:Frankie Curry
275:
271:
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263:
259:
258:Jackie Mahood
255:
247:
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243:
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230:
228:
224:
221:perpetrators
220:
216:
215:Donegall Road
211:
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197:
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150:
149:County Antrim
146:
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133:
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126:
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118:
114:
108:
106:
105:Shankill Road
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Irish dancing
51:
47:
44:According to
39:
37:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1748:Lindsay Robb
1727:
1683:(2002-2005?)
1669:Billy Wright
1654:the Troubles
1652:
1491:Ned McCreery
1479:Gerard Casey
1473:Pat Finucane
1449:John Turnley
1443:Paddy Wilson
1336:Eddie Sayers
1334:
1327:
1309:
1302:
1290:
1283:
1265:
1258:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1197:
1193:Brian Nelson
1188:Wendy Millar
1147:Tommy Lyttle
1145:
1140:Matt Kincaid
1138:
1106:
1089:
1077:
1072:Johnny Adair
1070:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1026:
986:
979:
972:
957:John Bunting
955:
948:
927:Ned McCreery
925:
918:
913:Tommy Herron
911:
904:
899:Billy Elliot
897:
890:
845:the Troubles
843:
782:
753:
741:. Retrieved
732:
722:
714:
696:
691:
683:
678:
667:
659:
643:
638:
630:
625:
617:
612:
604:
599:
591:
586:
578:
573:
565:
560:
552:
536:
519:, pp. 263–64
516:
511:
506:, pp. 209–12
503:
498:
490:
485:
477:
472:
464:
459:
451:
431:. Retrieved
427:the original
417:
407:
399:
381:
364:
360:
335:
331:
318:
302:
286:Orange Order
251:
238:Billy Wright
231:
212:
185:
161:
134:
124:
109:
97:Brian Gillen
93:Johnny Adair
70:
43:
21:
20:
18:
1677:(1997-2002)
1671:(1996-1997)
1467:James Craig
1455:Miriam Daly
1260:Joe English
1210:Sammy Smyth
1158:Sam McCrory
1114:Hester Dunn
1097:James Craig
1091:Mo Courtney
1079:Ken Barrett
1017:James Craig
1007:David Adams
963:Sammy Duddy
892:Jimmy Birch
868:(1973-1988)
862:(1971-1973)
789:1989–1995?
227:Maze prison
153:Joe English
62:Taughmonagh
1814:Categories
1285:Glenn Barr
1267:John Gregg
1240:John White
1234:Andy Tyrie
1216:Jim Spence
1134:Billy Hull
1124:Davy Fogel
1012:Joe Bratty
974:Davy Payne
866:Andy Tyrie
344:References
338:John White
268:activists
262:Jim Spence
168:River Bann
147:and north
89:Andy Tyrie
1728:Alex Kerr
1028:Alex Kerr
717:, pg. 286
298:Portadown
242:Cookstown
208:Sinn Féin
83:in 1987.
22:Alex Kerr
1292:Ken Kerr
662:, p. 284
633:, p. 282
594:, p. 347
581:, p. 281
555:, p. 343
539:, p. 278
310:Annahilt
155:for the
32:(UDA)'s
26:loyalist
1662:Leaders
1651:during
1352:Actions
842:during
504:Mad Dog
172:enclave
66:Belfast
1499:(1999)
1493:(1992)
1487:(1991)
1481:(1989)
1475:(1989)
1469:(1988)
1463:(1980)
1457:(1980)
1451:(1980)
1445:(1973)
1428:(1993)
1422:(1993)
1416:(1992)
1410:(1992)
1404:(1988)
1398:(1975)
1392:(1975)
1386:(1974)
1380:(1973)
1374:(1973)
1368:(1972)
1362:(1972)
743:16 May
433:16 May
151:, and
125:ad hoc
745:2014
435:2014
143:for
715:UDA
697:UDA
684:UDA
660:UDA
644:UDA
631:UDA
605:UDA
592:UVF
579:UDA
553:UVF
537:UDA
517:UDA
491:UDA
478:UVF
292:MP
1816::
731:.
704:^
651:^
544:^
524:^
443:^
416:.
389:^
371:^
351:^
272:,
68:.
1635:e
1628:t
1621:v
826:e
819:t
812:v
747:.
437:.
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