463:, who had been sentenced to 20 years in federal prison for 2001 plots to bomb a Southern California mosque and office of an Arab American congressman. It is believed that Rubin, who died in prison while awaiting trial on the same charges, revealed to Krugel the names of those responsible for Odeh's death and Krugel shared those with the FBI before he, too, died in prison. The bombers are believed to be Manning and two other JDL activists, Keith Fuchs and Andy Green, all of whom fled to Israel where they have avoided prosecution and extradition. Manning is believed to have settled in Kiryat Arba.
452:, was erected in front of the Santa Ana Central Library over protests by the JDL. On October 11, 1996, the eleventh anniversary of Odeh's murder, vandals defaced the statue. On February 6, 1997, vandals poured two gallons of red paint on the statue. JDL chairman Irv Rubin commented: "I think the guy is a war criminal." The ADC called for greater government efforts to catch Odeh's killers.
361:. In July, they eased away from their original position, saying the JDL was "probably" responsible for this attack and four others, but that final attribution to the JDL or any other group "must await further investigation." Rubin again denied the JDL's involvement. "What the FBI is doing is simple", he stated, "Some character calls up a news agency or whatever and uses the phrase
335:
in 1987, wrote that the murder of Odeh "shocked the Arab
American community nation-side and demonstrated how political intolerance had crossed the line into anti-Arab terrorism on American soil." She labeled the crime an example of "political racism," meaning racism that targeted pro-Palestine Arab
423:
discovered Robert
Manning's residency in Kiryat Arba due to his use of a compromised alias. The US government requested Robert Manning's extradition in 1991. It also requested Rochelle Manning be extradited for a retrial. After an unsuccessful two-year legal battle in the Israeli courts to prevent
356:
Four weeks after Odeh's death, FBI spokesperson Lane Bonner stated the FBI attributed the bombing and two others to the JDL. Rubin criticized the FBI for implying his organization's guilt without evidence, saying the FBI "could take their possible link and shove it." In
February 1986, the FBI
404:, in July 1980. Rochelle Manning was also considered a possible suspect in Odeh's murder. It also charged her husband, Robert Manning, who was considered a prime suspect in the Odeh bombing. Manning had previously been convicted of a 1972 bombing of the home of an Arab activist in
328:, who had become chairman of the JDL the same year, immediately made several public statements in reaction to the incident. "I have no tears for Mr. Odeh", Rubin said. "He got exactly what he deserved." He also said: "My tears were used up crying for Leon Klinghoffer."
247:
Odeh was a passionate defender of
Palestinian human rights and advocate of interfaith dialogue between Christians, Jews, and Muslims. An adoring father of three young daughters at the time of his death, Odeh was the West Coast regional director of the
545:"Submitted Testimony Before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary's Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties on Discrimination and the Civil Rights of the Muslim, Arab, and South Asian American Communities"
1529:
881:
Bombing
Suspect Returned to U.S. : Extradition: Robert Manning leaves Israel to face trial in the killing of a Manhattan Beach secretary. Officials also believe that he is responsible for the death of an Arab
995:"Jailed California Woman Dies in Israel : Mideast: Settler Rochelle Manning, 54, was awaiting extradition for trial in a letter-bomb murder. She was a friend of Baruch Goldstein, who massacred about 30 Arabs"
1489:
1134:
The
California Murder Case That Israel Is Sweeping Under the Rug : Justice: In 1985, Alex Odeh was killed by a pipe bomb in Orange County. The FBI has three suspects, but they are in Israel; extradition is
455:
On August 27, 1996, the FBI announced a $ 1 million reward for information leading to the arrest of Odeh's killers. JDL members heckled the FBI spokespersons announcing the reward. The reward is still in force.
347:
warned following Odeh's murder that "Arab individuals or those supporting Arab points of view have come within the zone of danger, targeted by a group as of yet to be fully identified and brought to justice."
1021:"Statue a Tribute to Slain Activist : Memorial: At unveiling, hundreds honor Palestinian American Alex Odeh, killed by a bomb in 1985. He is remembered as 'an advocate for justice for his people.'"
797:"Israel Orders Murder Suspect Returned to L.A. for Trial : Extradition: Rochelle Manning, 53, may also be responsible for the 1985 bombing death of Arab-American Alex Odeh in Santa Ana, police say"
1509:
428:
sentenced him to life imprisonment with a minimum of 30 years before parole. This was subsequently reduced to a minimum of 10 years before parole. After some years imprisoned at
1232:
1499:
466:
The ADC continues to honor Odeh's memory and call for prosecution of his killers. In
October 2023, Robert Manning was granted parole and is set to be released in July 2024.
424:
his extradition, Robert
Manning was extradited in 1993. Robert Manning was charged with the bombing attack that killed Wilkerson and convicted; in February 1994, Judge
1303:
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1336:
255:
The Boston office of the ADC suffered a bombing on August 16, 1985, injuring two officers. The bombing that killed Odeh came the day after the ending of the
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368:
Immediately after the 1985 assassination the FBI identified three suspects—all of whom were believed to be affiliated with the JDL—who fled to
249:
216:
139:
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911:
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117:
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ADC Observes “Alex Odeh Day”: Organization Calls on FBI and State
Department to Redouble Effort in Ongoing Investigation of Terrorist Attack
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243:, Alex Odeh immigrated to the United States in 1972 at the age of 28. He was a lecturer and poet who had published a volume of his poetry,
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365:, ... and on that assumption they can go and slander a whole group. That's tragic." The JDL denied any involvement in Odeh's killing.
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252:(ADC). Preceding his assassination in California, four bombings of ADC offices occurred in Boston, New York and Washington, DC.
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436:. Rochelle Manning died in an Israeli prison on March 18, 1994, while awaiting extradition to the United States after the
376:, then assistant director of the FBI, claimed in an internal memo that key suspects had fled to Israel and were living in
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In 2007, the FBI revealed they had received information from a deceased informant, believed to be former JDL member
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The day of his murder, October 11, Odeh had been scheduled to speak at Friday prayer services at a synagogue in
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295:(JDL). Odeh was later killed by a bomb as he opened the door of his office at 1905 East 17th Street in
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412:. Both Rochelle and Robert Manning were members of the JDL. Rochelle's jury deadlocked, and after the
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1267:
FBI Urged to Reopen Probe Into 1985 Assassination of Arab-American Leader Alex Odeh in
California
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912:"Convicted Bomber Robert Manning Denies Any Role in Alex Odeh's Murder in Lawsuit – OC Weekly"
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viewpoints and individuals and groups associated with espousing those particular views.
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In 1988, the FBI arrested Rochelle Manning, Robert Manning's wife, as a suspect in a
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In April 1994, the Alex Odeh Memorial Statue, created by Algerian-American sculptor
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291:. The program featured a back-and-forth between Odeh and a representative from the
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593:
The Achille Lauro Hijacking: Lessons in the Politics and Prejudice of Terrorism
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was killed. The night before his death Odeh explained to the media that the
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408:, and was a suspect in three other bombings in 1985, one of which killed
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1054:"California Chronicle: Memorial Dedicated to Slain Activist Alex Odeh"
1269:, broadcast October 17, 2013 (video, audio, and transcript available)
900:
Robert Manning Sentenced to Life in Prison for 1980 Mail Bomb Killing
372:
soon after the incident: Robert Manning, Keith Fuchs and Andy Green.
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702:
285:. Shortly before his killing, Odeh appeared on the television show
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which killed a computer company secretary, Patricia Wilkerson, in
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60:
1153:
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence,
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1285:
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Twenty years later, still no charges in Alex Odeh assassination
32:
1530:
Victims of religiously motivated violence in the United States
733:
F.B.I. says Jewish Defense League may have planted fatal bombs
1490:
Deaths by improvised explosive device in the United States
938:"FindLaw's United States Ninth Circuit case and opinions"
274:
was not involved in the hijacking and Palestinian leader
150:
Peace and resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
978:
FBI offering $ 1 million reward in killing of U.S. Arab
824:"Bombing Trial Is Snarled in U.S.-Israeli Treaty Issue"
639:
637:
687:"Politics and Exclusion: The Arab American Experience"
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Alex Odeh Memorial Statue Vandalized in “Hate Crime”
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434:medium security federal prison in Phoenix, Arizona
357:classified the bombing that killed Alex Odeh as a
1258:Santa Ana Library photograph of Alex Odeh statue
1231:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1213:. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007
972:
970:
440:rejected her final appeal against extradition.
219:(ADC) when he was assassinated in a bombing in
1277:Seeking Information Page on Alex Odeh's Murder
1510:People from Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
1297:
8:
1182:"Important Update: Alex Odeh Investigation"
532:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
331:Helen Hatab Samhan, deputy director of the
250:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
217:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
140:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
1500:Palestinian emigrants to the United States
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1207:"Americans for Middle East Understanding:
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504:
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207:; April 4, 1944 – October 11, 1985) was a
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20:
1117:Evidence emerges in ‘85 Santa Ana slaying
775:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 187.
611:
609:
416:she left for Israel to join her husband.
1086:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1076:
1074:
772:Encyclopedia of Political Assassinations
516:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
663:Jewish Defense League FAQ web site page
496:
1224:
587:
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476:History of Palestinians in Los Angeles
118:California State University, Fullerton
1525:Unsolved murders in the United States
862:from the original on November 9, 2020
680:
678:
7:
138:West Coast regional director of the
1098:FBI page on Alex Odeh investigation
204:
848:Hedges, Chris (November 1, 2007).
392:Arrest and trial of Robert Manning
14:
1470:1985 murders in the United States
432:, Manning was transferred to the
272:Palestine Liberation Organization
1184:(Press release). Washington, D.C
1485:Assassinated American activists
1424:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
769:West, Nigel (August 15, 2017).
341:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1520:Terrorism deaths in California
1209:An Interview with Ellen Nassab
1157:University of California Press
962:https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/
750:Jewish Defense League FAQ page
322:sent a message of condolence.
211:activist. Odeh was serving as
1:
1515:People murdered in California
822:Fisher, Dan (July 30, 1988).
618:, ADC web site, October 2008.
552:U.S. House of Representatives
512:Alex M. Odeh: American Martyr
419:In 1989, American journalist
691:Journal of Palestine Studies
685:Samhan, Helen Hatab (1987).
595:, Brassey's Inc., 2004, 67,
1505:Palestinian Roman Catholics
1429:Jewish Defense Organization
402:Manhattan Beach, California
315:both condemned the murder.
283:Fountain Valley, California
1546:
1480:American terrorism victims
1169:2008 ADC Board Resolutions
534:website, October 11, 2005.
278:was ready to make peace.
257:Palestine Liberation Front
1475:Activists from California
1103:October 25, 2008, at the
982:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
629:Terror in the mind of God
569:Encyclopedia of Terrorism
313:American Jewish Committee
215:regional director of the
30:
1123:, October 11, 2007, B-1.
1088:, April/May 1997, 77-68.
481:List of unsolved murders
1337:2001 plot in California
1252:The Electronic Intifada
850:"Israel's Toy Soldiers"
528:ADC Remembers Alex Odeh
518:, November 4, 1985, 16.
339:Samhan also notes that
333:Arab American Institute
317:United States President
261:Achille Lauro hijacking
178:Helena, Samya and Susan
571:, SAGE, 2003, 192-193
486:Palestinian Christians
352:Criminal investigation
309:Anti-Defamation League
1495:Jewish Defense League
1313:Jewish Defense League
1132:Friedman, Robert I.,
1080:Pat McDonnell Twair,
645:Never Say Never Again
627:Juergensmeyer, Mark.
438:Israeli Supreme Court
297:Santa Ana, California
293:Jewish Defense League
221:Santa Ana, California
197:Alexander Michel Odeh
130:Civil rights activist
101:in a terrorist attack
86:Santa Ana, California
47:Alexander Michel Odeh
1150:Mark Juergensmeyer,
984:, September 6, 1996.
653:, December 27, 2001.
510:Andrew I. Killgore,
233:Palestinian Catholic
16:Palestinian activist
1332:Murder of Alex Odeh
1254:, December 6, 2006.
740:, November 9, 1985.
241:Mandatory Palestine
95:Cause of death
65:Mandatory Palestine
1027:. April 11, 1994.
884:- Reich, Kenneth.
755:2006-10-05 at the
737:The New York Times
668:2006-10-05 at the
650:The Jerusalem Post
444:Later developments
410:Tscherim Soobzokov
382:Israeli settlement
303:Reaction to murder
245:Whispers in Exile.
1447:
1446:
1139:Los Angeles Times
1121:Los Angeles Times
1025:Los Angeles Times
999:Los Angeles Times
887:Los Angeles Times
828:Los Angeles Times
803:. August 17, 1993
801:Los Angeles Times
782:978-1-538-10239-8
731:Judith Cummings,
591:Michael K. Bohn,
565:Harvey W. Kushner
426:Dickran Tevrizian
194:
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161:Whispers in Exile
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1398:Baruch Goldstein
1363:Chaim Ben Pesach
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1001:. March 19, 1994
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