1041:
1083:
42:
681:, and others. The Book Union collected a $ 1 annual fee from its members, who received a volume in the mail each month priced at a discount, with members obligated to buy 2 of the 12 club's selections during the year. After the purchase of four books in a year, members were to receive a bonus premium. The International Publishers "Book Union" did not prove to be as successful as a similar "Left Book Club" operated by
342:
503:, who invested more than $ 100,000 for its first 15 years. A third shareholder was Heller's wife Edith, who later sold out to the other two, making them equal shareholders. On December 26, 1924, the firm's name changed from "International Publishers & Booksellers, Inc." to "International Publishers Co., Inc." Trachtenberg served in multiple roles as treasurer, manager, editor, and salesman.
1055:
1069:
808:
The indictment has a singularity as exercised toward him. Both the man and the books he has published are on trial... The books... go beyond the man himself... a body of
Marxist-Leninist literature surpassed in few countries indeed... made available to the American people because this man has known
517:
Researcher David
Lincove has characterized books and pamphlets published by International Publishers under Trachtenberg as having a "utilitarian, academic, or inexpensive format," though occasionally "illustrations reinforced proletarian themes." He noted that "color images appeared on book covers,
734:
on
September 13, 1939. Proclaiming his support for Communism, he described the revenues, production, and sales (see previous section, above). He described his firm's relationship between with the CPUSA as "business." However, Trachtenberg also served on the board of "Workers Library Publishers"
416:
At the founding convention of the WPA in
December 1921, Trachtenberg was elected to serve on the Central Executive Committee of the new organization. At the 2nd Convention of December 1922, Trachtenberg was re-elected to the same role. Trachtenberg was chosen as a delegate of the Workers Party of
548:
The Soviet Union clarified the responsibilities of writers in the communist movement at the Second World Plenum of the
International Bureau of Revolutionary Literature held in Kharkov on November 6–15, 1930. The Comintern instructed the CPUSA to enlist writers into their ranks to work for the
404:
starting in April and running to
December 1921. Trachtenberg served as the chairman of the Finance Committee of the group. The underground Communist Party was being pushed toward open activity by pressure of the Communist International. At the end of 1921, the Worker's Council joined with the
545:. Pamphlets cost up to $ 1, books up to $ 3. Of the firm's own titles, 80% were exported, of which 80% went to the Soviet Union. Inside the U.S, International Publishers sold to bookstores, universities, libraries, and schools. Half or more of domestic sales occurred directly in New York.
758:. In the 21st century, Golos is known to have been closely tied to the secret Soviet foreign intelligence apparatus in America during these years. Trachtenberg told Congress that he received payment from World Tourists for his services for only about one year, either in 1936 or 1937.
514:, then executive secretary of the Party, to express his intention not to compete but to support the Party's own publications. To political texts, International Publishers added literary and academic works that appealed not just to the working class but also to progressives.
322:
in New York. Trachtenberg directed the school's
Department of Labor Research, which conducted studies for other organizations and gathered and published labor statistics. He edited various Rand publications, including the first four volumes of the Rand School's encyclopedic
447:
in the state's 12th
District. In 1924, he ran for Congress on behalf of the Workers Party in the New York 10th District, running for the same office for the Communist Party in the New York 14th District in 1926, 1928, and 1930, after the Stock Market Crash.
907:
238:
Soon after his return home in the late summer of 1905, Trachtenberg was arrested and imprisoned by the government for a year, during a period of political dissidents suppression. During the
Russian Revolution of 1905, Trachtenberg escaped
389:(now the FBI) had an informant, Abraham Goodman, who worked as the bookkeeper for Trachtenberg's company, Chatham Printing Co. Goodman reported to the BoI that Trachtenberg had printed a leaflet for the Communist Labor Party in the
187:. For more than eight decades, his International Publishers was a part of the publishing arm of the American communist movement. He served as a member of the CPUSA's Central Control Committee. During the period of
436:. He was returned to the governing Central Executive Committee by the 5th Convention of September 1927, at which Jay Lovestone was elected Executive Secretary. At the 6th National Convention of March 1929, when
817:. At his sentencing, he criticized the selective examination of his firm's publications, rather than their overall history. He served three months in prison. The verdict was overturned when government witness
781:
years, Trachtenberg faced prosecution in
Federal court, based on activities at International Publishers, teachings in communist-led schools, and previous writings supporting communist revolution in the U.S.
274:
in 1917, but delays in preparation of the manuscript and budgetary issues at the Department ultimately ended the project. Trachtenberg finally published his manuscript a quarter of a century later through
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366:
of November 1917, but did not leave the Socialist Party in the summer of 1919 when the Communist movement in America was started. Instead, he remained with the SPA together with journalist
345:
Trachtenberg was the de facto treasurer of the Workers' Council group, briefly an independent organization in 1921 before joining the Workers Party of America at the end of the year.
491:
under his wing, and, as an old Bolshevik (he was said to be a former Tsarist cavalry officer and a doctor of philosophy from Yale), was a member of the Central Control Commission.
809:
neither fear nor pessimism, and has again and again surmounted obstacles almost insurmountable... Some day history will properly weigh and assess the role these books played.
747:. Research based on documents in the Russian archives opened after the fall of the Soviet Union showed either direct Soviet funding or indirect funding through the CPUSA.
750:
In addition to discussing the economics of International Publishers, Trachtenberg also told Congress that throughout the decade of the 1930s he had been the Treasurer of
538:
as a "distinctive logo depicting an upright, shirt-less laborer grasping an oversized book, thus emphasizing the importance of books and ideas in the class struggle."
227:
Trachtenberg joined the radical movement while attending the University of Odessa School of Electrotechnique as an engineering student from 1902 to 1904. During the
1382:
421:, held in Moscow in the fall of 1922. With his official enrollment in the communist movement, in 1922 Trachtenberg resigned from the Rand School of Social Science.
400:
inside the Socialist Party, later splitting as an independent organization known as the Workers' Council. The Workers' Council published a small biweekly magazine,
128:
654:
With the social upheaval and economic distress of millions during the Depression, many people were searching for solutions in alternatives to American capitalism.
443:
Throughout the decade of the 1920s, Trachtenberg was frequently a candidate for elective public office. In 1920 he stood as a candidate of the Socialist Party for
1165:
Some sources indicate Trachtenberg was born in 1884; this follows Trachtenberg's self-supplied entry in Solon DeLeon with Irma C. Hayssen and Grace Poole (eds.),
1549:
For detail on the affairs of Golos, the head of World Tourists from 1932 until his death in 1943, see John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev,
754:
This Party-affiliated travel agency coordinated tours of Americans to the Soviet Union. As part of this job, Trachtenberg countersigned all checks prepared by
1646:
909:
American Socialists and the War: A Documentary History of the Attitude of the Socialist Party toward War and Militarism since the Outbreak of the Great War
893:
As of 2018, International Publishers continues in active operation. It remains closely affiliated with the CPUSA and maintains an office in New York City.
335:
101:
534:)." The firm also published hardback series (e.g., 37 volumes of the "Marxist Library") for libraries and schools. Lincove described the publisher's
722:
also claimed that both Trachtenberg and Golos were members of a Communist Party "Control Commission," renamed "National Review Commission" by 1945.
715:
further claimed that World Tourists served "in part for spying from its very outset." Also, the newsletter claimed that Golos made it profitable.
212:
Alexander Leo Trachtenberg, later known to his friends as "Alex" or "Trachty," was born on November 23, 1885, of Jewish parents in the city of
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1142:
397:
250:, Germany, a major port of departure to the US. From 1908 to 1915, Trachtenberg was a student at three different universities, earning his
243:
against the Jews in 1905 and 1906. Soon after his release in 1906, he joined many other Jews in political emigration to the United States.
266:
in 1912. He continued studies in Economics at Yale through 1915 and completed a dissertation on safety legislation for the protection of
459:
his account of Soviet espionage in the Roosevelt Administration, he identified Trachtenberg as "member of the Exec. Committee , Head of
418:
331:
Trachtenberg continued to oppose the war even after the United States entry into the conflict on the side of the Allies in April 1917.
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286:
271:
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Alexander Trachtenberg, "Testimony to the House Special Committee to Investigate Un-American Activities, September 13, 1939", in
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International Publishers had gross sales increase from some $ 10,000 in the mid-1920s to $ 75,000 in the late 1930s, during the
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424:
During the bitter inner-party conflict of the 1920s, Trachtenberg was a supporter of the New York-based faction headed by
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In 1956, Trachtenberg was convicted for a second time in Federal court and sentenced to one year in prison. In 1958, the
499:
in June 1924. Incorporated on July 17, 1924, the firm was a business enterprise which he co-owned. Financiers included
475:
Trachtenberg led the Party's cultural efforts, particularly publication and distribution of materials. In his memoirs,
406:
1472:
298:
1618:"Radical Publishing to 'Reach the Million Masses': Alexander L. Trachtenberg and International Publishers, 1906–1966,"
825:
460:
196:
1299:
DoJ/BoI Investigative Files, NARA M-1085, reel 939, case 202600-1775-1. Corvallis, OR: 1000 Flowers Publishing, 2006.
1229:"Radical Publishing to 'Reach the Million Masses': Alexander L. Trachtenberg and International Publishers, 1906–1966"
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and occasionally the publisher added interior photographs or artistic drawings and illustrations by artists such as
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coal miners, but he did not complete his doctorate. Trachtenberg's dissertation was accepted for publication by the
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in 1915, served as treasurer, and contributed to an anti-war petition to President Wilson after the sinking of the
180:
483:
Alexander Trachtenberg who, as head of International Publishers, was the party's "cultural commissar" and had the
355:
951:
885:
Alexander Trachtenberg died age 81 on December 16, 1966, in New York of a stroke. He was survived by his wife.
739:), which published CPUSA literature. Perhaps the most famous publication by the Workers Library Publishers was
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611:. On May 1, 1935, Trachtenberg joined the League of American Writers (1935-1943), whose members included
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195:; the convictions were overturned, the first by recanting of a government witness and the second by a
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Trachtenberg left Yale in 1915 to work as an administrator and teacher of Economics and Labor at the
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in 1967 in a "New World Paperbacks" series). The firm continued to publish the classical works of
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Trachtenberg was very active in student affairs, serving as president of the Yale chapter of the
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and the underground communists to help establish a new, so-called "Legal Political Party," the
171:(23 November 1884 – 26 December 1966) was an American publisher of radical political books and
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became executive secretary, Trachtenberg was elected as an alternate member of the committee.
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as well as a controversial 1917 defense of the Socialist Party's anti-militarist perspective,
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International Publishers published Marxist–Leninist works. Trachtenberg gained support from
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Federal investigations into Trachtenberg's activities date to the period of the so-called "
41:
1457:
Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activity in the United States: Appendix – Part IX.
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79:
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Books on Trial: The Case of Alexander Trachtenberg, Director, International Publishers.
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The History of Legislation for the Protection of Coal Miners in Pennsylvania, 1824–1915.
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The History of Legislation for the Protection of Coal Miners in Pennsylvania, 1824–1915.
862:, and Lenin. It ceased to publish books by leaders who had fallen out of favor, such as
281:
The History of Legislation for the Protection of Coal Miners in Pennsylvania, 1824–1915.
231:, he was conscripted into the Russian army. For his service, he earned the Cross of the
46:
Alexander Trachtenberg at 4th World Congress of Communist International in Moscow (1922)
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Trachtenberg, Testimony to the House Special Committee, September 13, 1939, pg. 4900.
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Trachtenberg, Testimony to the House Special Committee, September 13, 1939, pg. 4898.
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in America, Trachtenberg was twice subject to prosecution and convicted under the
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Investigation of Un-America Propaganda Activities in the United States: Volume 7.
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Trachtenberg married Rosalind Kohn Trachtenberg; they chose to have no children.
17:
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continued to monitor Trachtenberg. It infiltrated International Publishers with
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In the fall of 1935, Trachtenberg was instrumental in helping to create the "
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Trachtenberg retired from International Publishers in 1962. His successor,
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International Publishers published two pamphlets in Trachtenberg's support:
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in England, however. It appears to have been ended after just a few years.
294:
172:
1332:, Early American Marxism website, Corvallis, OR. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
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510:, head of the Workers Party's Literature Department. He also contacted
246:
Trachtenberg arrived in New York City on August 6, 1906, on a ship from
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247:
240:
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on May 18, 1935. Some 20 artists attended. This group, replacing the
213:
1598:
Publisher on Trial: The Case of Alexander Trachtenberg, A Symposium.
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Lincove, "Radical Publishing to 'Reach the Million Masses,'" pg. 88.
1577:
Publisher on Trial:The Case of Alexander Trachtenberg, A Symposium.
791:
Publisher on Trial: The Case of Alexander Trachtenberg, A Symposium
813:
Trachtenberg was convicted on February 2, 1953, for violating the
708:
549:
revolution. John Reed Clubs, initiated in 1929 by editors of the
340:
1011:
Theoretical Magazine for the Discussion of Revolutionary Problems
665:. The first offering of the Book Union was an anthology entitled
1152:
1506:
762:
386:
1529:
Testimony to the House Special Committee, September 13, 1939,
1459:
Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1944; pp. 588–591.
661:" — a radical book-buying circle based upon the model of the
1359:"Adolf Berle's Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers"
942:. New York: International Pamphlets, 1947. (revised edition)
1418:
In a Generous Spirit: A First-Person Biography of Myra Page
647:. (Members were largely either Communist Party members or
358:
in 1917, Trachtenberg had adhered to the left wing of the
262:, in 1911, followed by a master's degree in education from
1248:
Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1940; pg. 4864.
396:
In 1921, Trachtenberg, Kruse, and Engdahl helped form the
1610:
1553:
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009; pp. 496–500.
1467:
1465:
850:, continued to reprint classics (e.g., three volumes of
563:
Trachtenberg led the first meeting of the newly formed
479:
summarized the activist's career by 1952 as follows:
1662:
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
926:
Editor. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1922.
920:
Editor. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920.
575:
and its many chapters nationwide, operated within the
1312:(New York), vol. 1, no. 8 (October 15, 1921), pg.128.
1017:, 1928, volume vii, March 1928, number 3, edited by
730:
Trachtenberg was subpoenaed and appeared before the
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142:
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124:
111:
93:
85:
75:
63:
51:
32:
1348:PoliticalGraveyard.com/ Retrieved August 23, 2010.
787:Books on Trial: The Case of Alexander Trachtenberg
579:but was organized by the CPUSA. Members included
1482:. American Business Consultants: 1. 6 August 1948
1286:New York: International Publishers, 1942; pg. ix.
912:, New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917.
374:, attempting to align the organization with the
1551:Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America.
1503:"The Communist Party: A Manual of Organization"
385:" of 1920, following a series of bombings. The
179:of New York. He was a longtime activist in the
129:Communist Party of the United States of America
1623:vol. 10, no. 1 (Fall/Winter 2004), pp 85–124.
1455:Special Committee on Un-American Activities,
1421:. University of Illinois Press. p. 145.
1137:. New York: Random House. pp. 242, 264.
989:, Issue 14: December 1925, v. 5, no. 2 (1925)
976:, Issue 13: November 1924, v. 5, no. 1 (1924)
793:(both 1952). Symposium contributors included
669:a thick volume of nearly 400 pages edited by
8:
1505:. Workers Library Publishers. Archived from
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1209:
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1197:
1195:
994:Marx, Engels and Lenin on the Paris Commune"
741:The Communist Party: Manual of Organization
667:Proletarian Literature in the United States,
338:(ILGWU) hired Trachtenberg as an economist.
1473:"Now Here Are Some Facts About Jacob Golos"
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1169:New York: Hanford Press, 1925; pp. 230–231.
874:. In 1975, Lou Diskin took over the firm.
1235:vol. 10, no. 1 (Fall/Winter 2004), pg. 87.
1024:"Publishing Revolutionary Literature," in
1002:, Issue 17: March 1926, v. 5, no. 5 (1926)
336:International Ladies Garment Workers Union
102:International Ladies Garment Workers Union
29:
1600:New York: International Publishers, 1952.
1594:New York: International Publishers, 1952.
1579:New York: International Publishers, 1952.
1128:
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956:New York: International Publishers, 1934.
948:New York: International Publishers, 1942.
934:New York: International Publishers, 1930.
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
924:The American Labor Year Book, 1921–1922.
917:The American Labor Year Book, 1919–1920.
1330:"Communist Party of America: Officials"
1122:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1266:DeLeon with Hayssen and Poole (eds.),
293:stance from a socialist rather than a
289:(ISS). During World War I, he took an
1383:"Abstract Expressionism – 1935 – WPA"
1340:
1338:
398:Committee for the Third International
7:
804:He wrote about Trachtenberg's case:
419:4th World Congress of the Comintern
1647:Members of the Communist Party USA
25:
362:(SPA). Trachtenberg embraced the
299:Collegiate Anti-Militarism League
287:Intercollegiate Socialist Society
272:United States Department of Labor
235:and rose to the rank of captain.
1611:International Publishers website
1308:"Launch the National Campaign,"
1081:
1067:
1053:
1039:
953:The Lessons of the Paris Commune
329:American Socialists and the War.
40:
828:voided the conviction based on
797:, writer of the screenplay for
591:. The Party also organized the
1385:. Warhol Stars. Archived from
981:1905 – The Rehearsal for 1917"
707:) establish World Tourists, a
1:
1268:The American Labor Who's Who,
1167:The American Labor Who's Who.
1107:Rand School of Social Science
1028:, edited by Henry Hart (1935)
703:(who later recruited and ran
693:According to a 1948 issue of
316:Rand School of Social Science
98:Rand School of Social Science
1652:American publishers (people)
1133:Chambers, Whittaker (1952).
1007:Marx, Lenin and the Commune"
773:McCarthy period prosecutions
407:Finnish Socialist Federation
826:US Circuit Court of Appeals
297:perspective. He joined the
197:US Circuit Court of Appeals
1678:
1613:, Intpubnyc.com, New York.
1026:American Writers’ Congress
968:The Marx-Engels Institute"
931:The Heritage of Gene Debs.
696:Counterattack (newsletter)
593:League of American Writers
565:American Artists' Congress
360:Socialist Party of America
279:, which he co-founded, as
181:Socialist Party of America
146:Rosalind Kohn Trachtenberg
56:Alexander Leo Trachtenberg
1346:"Alexander Trachtenberg,"
325:American Labor Year Book,
175:, founder and manager of
39:
1573:"The Man and His Books,"
1282:Alexander Trachtenberg,
1097:International Publishers
1015:Workers Party of America
735:(1928–1945, replaced by
726:Dies Committee testimony
595:, whose members include
497:International Publishers
471:International Publishers
411:Workers Party of America
387:Bureau of Investigations
277:International Publishers
177:International Publishers
119:International Publishers
106:International Publishers
1413:Baker, Christina Looper
556:were redirected to the
445:New York State Assembly
376:Communist International
1363:www.johnearlhaynes.org
852:Lenin's Selected Works
835:Yates v. United States
811:
761:During the 1940s, the
737:New Century Publishers
699:, Trachtenberg helped
663:Book of the Month Club
587:, and party secretary
493:
346:
34:Alexander Trachtenberg
1344:Lawrence Kestenbaum,
806:
567:in the art studio of
495:Trachtenberg founded
481:
402:The Workers' Council,
344:
260:Hartford, Connecticut
1509:on December 12, 2012
1310:The Workers' Council
1089:United States portal
777:In 1952, during the
752:World Tourists, Inc.
463:in U.S., Works with
364:Bolshevik Revolution
1501:Peters, J. (1935).
1102:Communist Party USA
902:Books and pamphlets
718:In the same issue,
683:Victor Gollancz Ltd
303:Columbia University
233:Order of St. George
185:Communist Party USA
1616:David A. Lincove,
1227:David A. Lincove,
939:History of May Day
532:Whittaker Chambers
512:Charles Ruthenberg
508:Nicholas Dozenberg
477:Whittaker Chambers
453:Whittaker Chambers
391:Ukrainian language
356:Russian Revolution
347:
334:In June 1920, the
229:Russo-Japanese War
218:Pale of Settlement
199:decision in 1958.
27:American publisher
1657:Jewish socialists
1144:978-0-394-45233-3
705:Elizabeth Bentley
501:Abraham A. Heller
370:and youth leader
318:, founded by the
252:bachelor's degree
183:and later in the
158:
157:
86:Years active
67:December 16, 1966
59:November 23, 1885
18:Alex Trachtenberg
16:(Redirected from
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1075:Biography portal
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1061:Socialism portal
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1047:Communism portal
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864:Nikolai Bukharin
860:Friedrich Engels
800:Spartacus (film)
649:fellow travelers
625:Louis Untermeyer
617:Dashiell Hammett
609:Erskine Caldwell
543:Great Depression
530:(future wife of
430:C. E. Ruthenberg
372:William F. Kruse
368:J. Louis Engdahl
350:Political career
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1389:on July 9, 2016
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613:Lillian Hellman
601:Langston Hughes
569:Eitaro Ishigaki
489:John Reed Clubs
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417:America to the
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320:Socialist Party
291:anti-militarist
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795:Howard Fast
756:Jacob Golos
701:Jacob Golos
689:Jacob Golos
560:community.
457:Adolf Berle
426:John Pepper
208:Early years
189:McCarthyism
94:Employer(s)
1631:Categories
1409:Page, Myra
1368:2015-01-07
1118:References
821:recanted.
767:informants
743:(1935) by
659:Book Union
629:I.F. Stone
552:New Masses
485:New Masses
354:Up to the
1531:pg. 4897.
856:Karl Marx
815:Smith Act
745:J. Peters
633:Myra Page
585:Mike Gold
308:Lusitania
203:Biography
193:Smith Act
173:pamphlets
161:Alexander
138:Communist
89:1902-1966
1434:4 August
1415:(1996).
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1033:See also
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779:McCarthy
711:front.
536:colophon
487:and the
295:pacifist
151:Children
135:Movement
1486:23 June
1393:May 31,
1135:Witness
248:Hamburg
241:pogroms
220:of the
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889:Legacy
870:, and
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526:, and
465:Peters
432:, and
214:Odessa
143:Spouse
1476:(PDF)
1009:, in
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970:, in
897:Works
878:Death
832:case
558:Black
455:gave
451:When
254:from
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1488:2020
1436:2018
1423:ISBN
1395:2010
1149:LCCN
1139:ISBN
789:and
165:Alex
64:Died
52:Born
1575:in
763:FBI
651:.)
461:GPU
301:at
258:in
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