440:
cellars, I herewith return my decorations and resume my freedom of action. But defiance is not enough; cunning is needed to fight cunning. It was foredoomed that sooner or later the door of a G.P.U limousine would swing open and Reiss's body with the bullets in the defiant brain would tumble out—as
343:
of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces. In this capacity he was assigned to work abroad under diplomatic cover with the Soviet
Foreign Office and Trade Ministry Commissariat under various diplomatic and trade representative titles. Late in 1935, Barmine moved to Athens, Greece to take
983:
By Edith Kermit
Roosevelt Barmine, 24, Hollywood columnist granddaughter of President Theodore Roosevelt: Alexander Gregory Barmine, 53, onetime Soviet army brigadier general, now chief of the State Department's Voice of America Russian section; after four years of marriage, one daughter; in Los
355:
under Stalin in 1930s. When
Barmine's immediate superiors in the military and diplomatic corps began to disappear, or were announced to have been arrested and shot, Barmine began to fear that a similar fate was in store for himself. In July 1937, after discovering co-workers rifling his desk and
392:(Athens's port) without prior notification to the Soviet legation. Barmine declined to go aboard but agreed to dine with the captain at a local restaurant, where he was strongly urged to return home. Constantly followed by NKVD agents, Barmine decided to defect to the West. He wrote in
594:
By making his revelations public, Barmine felt the book might help frustrate Stalin's immediate desire to silence him. Upon its release, the Soviet government made no comment on
Barmine's revelations, though they had denounced earlier works by other Soviet émigré authors.
861:), p. 2 (PDF p. 7): Six years prior to Barmine's 1948 FBI interview, the agency had already compiled a thick security dossier at the onset of World War II on Lattimore, recommending that he be put under "Custodial Detention in case of National Emergency."
509:, just when he and other commanders had begun to lose hope in the Bolshevik revolution. This revelation soon inspired a massive Soviet espionage and propaganda effort worldwide, with particular emphasis on nations with democratic governments.
504:
In his memoirs, Barmine related how he and fellow members of the Soviet GRU were surprised to learn of the burgeoning support for Soviet communism among intellectuals in the
Western democracies after the release of Soviet propaganda on the
918:, July 31, 1951, U. S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Internal Security Subcommittee, Institute of Pacific Relations, Hearings, 82nd Congress, First Session (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951), Part 1, pp. 199-200
396:
that "if I should be imprisoned as the result of some vile, lying charge ... would believe the official communiqué. Nobody would dare speak for me, and I would never be able to clear myself. I would lose them as sons forever."
356:
searching his offices in the dead of night, he received a letter from his 14-year-old son Boris, who wrote his father that he, his brother, and
Barmine's mother were going "far, far away to bathe in the sea." Boris also wrote:
564:
Barmine began publishing anti-Stalinist, anti-communist writings within a month of his defection. He also published a short treatment of the Moscow trials, dated
December 22, 1937, in an American foreign affairs magazine.
579:, he and an unidentified person left Europe for the United States in 1940. Barmine's ageing mother and his two sons remained behind in the Soviet Union; unable to get them out of the country, he never saw them again.
949:
In Los
Angeles, Mrs. Edith Kermit Roosevelt Barmine, 24, granddaughter of Teddy Roosevelt, filed suit for divorce from Alexander G. Barmine, ex-Soviet general and diplomat, who turned anti-Communist during the 1937
529:
After attending the Red Army's general staff school, he was eventually assigned to the Soviet
Foreign Office and Commissariat of Trade. He married a widow with prominent connections in the Communist Party,
450:
In New York City, Barmine applied for political asylum and citizenship as one of the earliest high-ranking Soviet government defectors to the United States. In the days before the formation of the U.S.
351:
Barmine had been a protege, co-worker, subordinate, or confidant of many of the Soviet Union's leading generals, diplomats, and government officials who were arrested, imprisoned, and shot during the
1965:
1945:
428:
Suddenly, revolutionists with a lifetime of devoted activity would pop out, like rabbits from a burrow, with the G.P.U. close on their heels—Barmine from the Soviet legation in Athens,
1930:
458:
In 1941, Barmine joined a U.S. Army anti-aircraft unit as a 42-year-old private soldier. In 1942, he obtained his U.S. citizenship. In 1943 and 1944, Barmine worked for the U.S.
590:
When I work on my book, I feel as though I were walking in a graveyard. All my friends and life associates have been shot. It seems to be some kind of a mistake that I am alive.
1935:
538:
to work in the party apparatus. There they both became ill with severe cases of malaria. Returning to Moscow, the couple had twin boys, but his wife died in childbirth.
1940:
819:. New York: G.P. Putnam. pp. xi-xii (friends short, Stalin's desires, Soviet efforts), 10–12 (defection), 18 (wet business), 247–248 (Leningrad Opposition).
405:
Barmine fled Athens in 1937 to Paris. It was at this time that Soviet agents assassinated the former chief of the Soviet intelligence service in
Western Europe,
436:
from Amsterdam, Reiss from Switzerland. Not that Reiss fled. Instead, a brave and a lonely man, he sent his single-handed defiance to Stalin: Murderer of the
1975:
289:
277:). His father, whose surname was originally Graff, was a teacher and came from an ethnic German colonist family, while Alexander's mother was Ukrainian.
455:, Barmine does not appear to have been debriefed at all by the United States government regarding his extensive knowledge of Soviet leaders and policies.
1980:
1960:
737:
787:
1120:
575:
After the assassinations and questionable accidental deaths of several exiled Soviet citizens in Western Europe, including Trotsky's own son,
1135:
962:
928:
715:
687:
254:
297:
506:
325:. Sent to a Red Army officer's academy, he served in several battles. In 1921, he served as a military attaché at the Soviet embassy in
44:
250:
766:
Overseas Information Programs of the U.S.: Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee
478:
1704:
1950:
1909:
293:
1970:
459:
242:
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490:
1428:
1398:
497:
was a Soviet agent. In 1952, Barmine testified under oath before a Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security (
518:
345:
465:
After a period of writing articles for various journals as well as his second book in 1945, Barmine joined
1782:
1714:
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1453:
1393:
888:
1955:
1777:
1488:
1106:
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1985:
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486:
361:
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1310:
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553:
281:
95:
970:
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1340:
1185:
1175:
830:
742:
653:
542:
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340:
205:
124:
1821:
462:, the wartime agency responsible for external intelligence and sabotage against Axis countries.
1608:
1423:
1160:
1084:
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711:
683:
441:
happened shortly after he deserted. Of the four I have named, only Barmine outran the hunters.
429:
373:
318:
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1719:
1649:
1545:
1493:
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1215:
648:
546:
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433:
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That same month, Barmine received an insistent invitation to dine aboard a Soviet ship, the
246:
218:
195:
521:. Barmine won three awards for outstanding public service while in the federal government.
424:
describes the impact of the defections and (in most cases) assassinations of fellow spies:
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1849:
1801:
1772:
1757:
1709:
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1588:
1519:
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893:
1811:
241:
era for France and then United States, where he served the US government (including the
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1413:
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857:
FBI Report, "Owen Lattimore, Internal Security - R, Espionage - R", September 8, 1949 (
494:
410:
270:
72:
996:"Russian Diplomat Quits and Scores Soviet; Says He Will Be Slain, Pleads for Others".
814:
624:
501:) that he was told by Soviet GRU Director Berzin that Lattimore was "one of our men".
1924:
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Dear Papa, they read to us in school the sentence passed on the Trotskyist spies,
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17:
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had informed him prior to his 1937 defection that American professor and former
369:
352:
234:
43:
1026:
Barmine, Alexandre (December 26, 1937). "2 Executions Held a Sop to Cossacks".
871:
858:
1616:
1598:
1473:
1468:
1210:
1195:
1180:
1041:
Barmine, Alexandre (December 29, 1937). "Bukharin Believed Already Executed".
1011:
Barmine, Alexandre (December 25, 1937). "Russian Disunity Is Laid to Stalin".
834:
365:
517:
From 1964 to 1972, Barmine served as senior adviser on Soviet affairs at the
1626:
1270:
1155:
576:
541:
In 1948, Barmine married Edith Kermit Roosevelt, granddaughter of President
535:
1098:
1056:
Barmine, Alexander (February 1938). "A Russian View of the Moscow Trials".
877:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. September 8, 1949. pp. 2 (PDF p7).
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1150:
333:
314:
437:
389:
332:
By the age of 22, he had risen to the rank of brigadier general in the
326:
274:
266:
76:
68:
708:
OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency
1744:
619:
Memoirs of a Soviet Diplomat: Twenty Years in the Service of the USSR
292:. Barmine later attended the Infantry Officers' School in Minsk, the
1060:(337). New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: 43–52.
380: ... Wasn't it Feldman who used to live in our apartment house?
253:) and also testified before congressional committees (including the
469:
in 1948, serving for sixteen years as chief of its Russian branch.
1793:
738:"Alexander G. Barmine, 88, Dies. Early High-Level Soviet Defector"
1088:
1065:
844:
790:
Institute of Pacific Relations: Hearings Before the Subcommittee
285:
132:
1102:
626:
One Who Survived: The Life Story of a Russian Under the Soviets
549:. In 1952, they divorced. Barmine then married Halyna Barmine.
265:
Alexander Grigoryevich Barmin was born on August 16, 1899, in
128:
339:
In 1935, Barmine was transferred from the Red Army to the
552:
Alexander Barmine died aged 88 on December 25, 1987, in
229:; August 16, 1899 – December 25, 1987), most commonly
1966:
People from Mogilyovsky Uyezd (Mogilev Governorate)
1830:
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1607:
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1512:
1369:
1143:
1134:
409:. It was later revealed that the Soviet NKVD under
201:
190:
146:
138:
119:
111:
103:
84:
50:
34:
1946:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
682:. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 5–7.
568:He published his first book on Stalin's Terror,
477:On December 14, 1948, after an interview with
413:spent 300,000 French francs to accomplish the
1114:
8:
1931:United States Army personnel of World War II
1936:People of the Office of Strategic Services
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1140:
1121:
1107:
1099:
808:
806:
804:
802:
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42:
31:
731:
729:
727:
348:to the Soviet Embassy in Athens, Greece.
237:and diplomat who fled the purges of the
29:Soviet officer and dissident (1899–1987)
1083:. London: L. Dickson Ltd. p. 360.
701:
699:
673:
671:
669:
665:
604:"Russian View of the Moscow Trials" in
839:. New York: Random House. p. 36.
710:. Globe Pequot Press. pp. 15–16.
1941:Soviet defectors to the United States
621:, translated by Gerard Hopkins (1938)
481:agents, Barmine revealed that Soviet
7:
736:Iverem, Esther (December 28, 1987).
298:Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies
1976:Belarusian people of German descent
872:"FBI File: Owen Lattimore, Part 1A"
432:from the Soviet legation in Sofia,
969:. November 3, 1952. Archived from
25:
859:FBI File: Owen Lattimore, Part 1A
534:, and the two traveled to Soviet
1981:Russian people of German descent
290:St. Vladimir Imperial University
280:Barmine was educated at a state
174:
935:. July 28, 1952. Archived from
479:Federal Bureau of Investigation
170:
1961:Frunze Military Academy alumni
1000:. December 4, 1937. p. 1.
916:Testimony of Alexander Barmine
1:
586:, in 1945, in which he wrote:
341:Main Intelligence Directorate
294:M. V. Frunze Military Academy
227:Aleksandr Grigoryevich Barmin
215:Alexander Grigoryevich Barmin
55:Alexander Grigoryevich Barmin
1865:Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov
1081:Memoirs of a Soviet Diplomat
769:. US GPO. 1952. p. 1452
582:He published a second book,
570:Memoirs of a Soviet Diplomat
460:Office of Strategic Services
313:In 1919, Barmine joined the
223:Александр Григорьевич Бармин
1079:Barmine, Alexandre (1938).
813:Barmine, Alexander (1945).
453:Central Intelligence Agency
388:, which suddenly docked at
2007:
1291:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
1058:International Conciliation
889:"Absent-Minded Professor?"
706:Smith, Richard H. (2005).
606:International Conciliation
115:Diplomat/spy, propagandist
1840:Alexander Gregory Barmine
1645:
545:. They had one daughter,
491:Office of War Information
222:
41:
36:Alexander Gregory Barmine
1399:Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh
1129:Soviet and Russian spies
680:The Other Side of Russia
678:Hudgins, Sharon (2004).
317:and participated in the
233:, was an officer in the
608:journal (February 1938)
519:U.S. Information Agency
1715:John Alexander Symonds
1540:Harold James Nicholson
1394:Christopher John Boyce
592:
443:
382:
269:, Mogilev Government,
160:Edith Kermit Roosevelt
1778:Stephen Joseph Ratkai
588:
426:
358:
344:up an appointment as
1951:Soviet Army officers
1316:Nadezhda Ulanovskaya
487:Yan Karlovich Berzin
420:In his 1952 memoir,
208:(grandfather-in-law)
173: 1948;
1971:People from Mogilev
1499:John Anthony Walker
1449:Clayton J. Lonetree
1389:David Sheldon Boone
1311:Alexander Ulanovsky
1276:William Ward Pigman
939:on January 14, 2009
831:Chambers, Whittaker
554:Rockville, Maryland
296:in Moscow, and the
96:Rockville, Maryland
1870:Fyodor Raskolnikov
1705:Michael John Smith
1439:Andrew Daulton Lee
1429:Robert Lee Johnson
1341:Harry Dexter White
1176:Whittaker Chambers
1043:The New York Times
1028:The New York Times
1013:The New York Times
998:The New York Times
743:The New York Times
654:Whittaker Chambers
543:Theodore Roosevelt
499:McCarran Committee
422:Whittaker Chambers
323:Russian Revolution
321:that followed the
206:Theodore Roosevelt
1918:
1917:
1738:
1737:
1609:Portland spy ring
1555:
1554:
1424:Edward Lee Howard
1161:Elizabeth Bentley
717:978-1-59228-729-1
689:978-1-58544-404-5
346:chargé d'affaires
319:Russian Civil War
231:Alexander Barmine
212:
211:
107:Alexander Barmine
88:December 25, 1987
18:Alexander Barmine
16:(Redirected from
1998:
1910:Stig Wennerström
1855:Walter Krivitsky
1720:Edith Tudor-Hart
1650:Michael Bettaney
1567:
1546:Illegals Program
1494:George Trofimoff
1464:Earl Edwin Pitts
1241:William Malisoff
1216:David Greenglass
1144:1940s and before
1141:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
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1092:
1076:
1070:
1069:
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1047:
1046:
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1016:
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986:
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978:
973:on June 14, 2007
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897:. March 10, 1952
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855:
849:
848:
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816:One Who Survived
810:
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774:
761:
755:
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733:
722:
721:
703:
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649:Margot Roosevelt
629:, introduced by
584:One Who Survived
547:Margot Roosevelt
467:Voice of America
394:One Who Survived
224:
196:Margot Roosevelt
178:
176:
172:
104:Other names
91:
64:
62:
46:
32:
21:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1860:Kerttu Nuorteva
1850:Dieter Gerhardt
1832:
1826:
1802:Hirohide Ishida
1787:
1773:Gerda Munsinger
1758:Jeffrey Delisle
1734:
1710:Dave Springhall
1665:Litzi Friedmann
1641:
1603:
1589:John Cairncross
1551:
1520:Evgeny Buryakov
1508:
1504:Jerry Whitworth
1489:Robert Thompson
1365:
1361:Anatoli Yatskov
1321:Julian Wadleigh
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792:, United States
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562:
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475:
448:
403:
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309:USSR government
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177: 1952)
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99:
93:
89:
80:
75:(now Mahilyow,
66:
65:August 16, 1899
60:
58:
57:
56:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1885:Vitaly Shlykov
1882:
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1833:in combination
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1695:Geoffrey Prime
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1680:Melita Norwood
1677:
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1632:Harry Houghton
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1601:
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1594:Donald Maclean
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1571:Cambridge Five
1564:
1557:
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1535:Robert Hanssen
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1454:Richard Miller
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1419:Reino Häyhänen
1416:
1414:Robert Hanssen
1411:
1409:James Hall III
1406:
1401:
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1356:Flora Wovschin
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1336:Nathaniel Weyl
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1206:Harold Glasser
1203:
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1111:
1103:
1095:
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1071:
1048:
1033:
1018:
1003:
988:
954:
929:"New Horizons"
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532:Olga Federovna
526:
523:
514:
511:
507:Five Year Plan
495:Owen Lattimore
474:
471:
447:
446:USA government
444:
411:Nikolai Yezhov
402:
399:
310:
307:
305:
302:
271:Russian Empire
262:
259:
210:
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199:
198:
192:
188:
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185:
184:
183:Halyna Barmine
166:
162:
159:
158:
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153:Olga Federovna
150:
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143:
140:
139:Known for
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117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
94:
92:(aged 88)
86:
82:
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73:Russian Empire
67:
54:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2003:
1992:
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1900:Richard Sorge
1898:
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1895:Siddiq Ghouse
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1845:Stig Bergling
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1817:Hotsumi Ozaki
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1579:Anthony Blunt
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1530:Peter Debbins
1528:
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1484:Oscar Seborer
1482:
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1479:Robert Soblen
1477:
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1459:Ronald Pelton
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1331:Bill Weisband
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1306:Morton Sobell
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1296:Alfred Sarant
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1256:Isaiah Oggins
1254:
1252:
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1234:
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1226:John Herrmann
1224:
1222:
1221:Theodore Hall
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
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1202:
1199:
1197:
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1192:
1191:Judith Coplon
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1030:. p. 12.
1029:
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691:
685:
681:
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659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:Moscow Trials
642:
641:
637:
632:
628:
627:
623:
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612:
611:
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603:
602:
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287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
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258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Joseph Stalin
236:
232:
228:
220:
216:
207:
204:
200:
197:
194:5, including
193:
189:
182:
181:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
112:Occupation(s)
110:
106:
102:
97:
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
27:
19:
1956:GRU officers
1905:Arne Treholt
1880:Ignace Reiss
1839:
1822:Ryūzō Sejima
1812:Sanzō Nosaka
1768:Elena Miller
1725:John Vassall
1700:Goronwy Rees
1655:George Blake
1637:Konon Molody
1622:Morris Cohen
1544:
1525:Anna Chapman
1444:Robert Lipka
1434:Karl Koecher
1384:Aldrich Ames
1346:Maria Wicher
1286:Vincent Reno
1281:Lee Pressman
1266:Victor Perlo
1261:William Perl
1251:Boris Morros
1246:Hede Massing
1236:George Koval
1186:Morris Cohen
1166:Earl Browder
1080:
1074:
1057:
1051:
1045:. p. 5.
1042:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1015:. p. 6.
1012:
1006:
997:
991:
982:
975:. Retrieved
971:the original
966:
957:
948:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
932:
923:
915:
911:
899:. Retrieved
892:
883:
866:
853:
835:
825:
815:
789:
783:
771:. Retrieved
765:
759:
747:. Retrieved
741:
707:
679:
625:
618:
605:
593:
589:
583:
581:
574:
569:
567:
563:
551:
540:
528:
516:
503:
476:
464:
457:
449:
430:Raskolnikoff
427:
419:
415:wet business
414:
407:Ignace Reiss
404:
393:
385:
383:
362:Tukhachevsky
359:
350:
338:
331:
312:
279:
264:
230:
226:
214:
213:
90:(1987-12-25)
26:
1991:1987 deaths
1986:1899 births
1890:Herman Simm
1875:Alfred Redl
1831:Elsewhere /
1730:Arthur Wynn
1670:Klaus Fuchs
1660:David Crook
1584:Guy Burgess
1513:Post-Soviet
1404:Jack Dunlap
1379:Rudolf Abel
1351:Nathan Witt
1326:Harold Ware
1301:Saville Sax
1231:Donald Hiss
1201:Klaus Fuchs
1171:Boris Bukov
901:October 28,
773:October 30,
631:Max Eastman
572:, in 1938.
513:Later years
353:Great Purge
235:Soviet Army
120:Employer(s)
1925:Categories
1617:Lona Cohen
1599:Kim Philby
1474:Myra Soble
1469:Jack Soble
1211:Harry Gold
1196:Noel Field
1181:Lona Cohen
963:"Divorced"
660:References
261:Background
61:1899-08-16
1783:Fred Rose
1690:John Peet
1627:Ethel Gee
1271:J. Peters
1156:Joel Barr
1136:In the US
577:Lev Sedov
536:Turkestan
493:director
485:Director
473:Testimony
434:Krivitsky
401:Defection
374:Uborevich
282:gymnasium
202:Relatives
142:Defection
1753:Sam Carr
1371:Cold War
1151:John Abt
1089:39002093
1066:38005626
984:Angeles.
977:June 26,
943:June 26,
845:52005149
833:(1952).
749:June 26,
638:See also
599:Articles
560:Writings
386:Rudzutak
334:Red Army
315:Red Army
191:Children
1560:In the
836:Witness
438:Kremlin
390:Piraeus
378:Feldman
327:Bukhara
275:Belarus
267:Mogilev
219:Russian
179:
167:
163:
147:Spouses
123:Soviet
77:Belarus
69:Mogilev
1745:Canada
1087:
1064:
950:purge.
843:
714:
686:
633:(1945)
525:Family
376:, and
304:Career
249:, and
98:, U.S.
1794:Japan
875:(PDF)
613:Books
366:Yakir
273:(now
169:(
165:
127:, US
1085:LCCN
1062:LCCN
979:2008
967:Time
945:2008
933:Time
903:2018
894:Time
841:LCCN
775:2018
751:2008
712:ISBN
684:ISBN
370:Kork
288:and
286:Kyiv
255:SISS
251:USIA
175:div.
133:USIA
85:Died
51:Born
1792:In
1743:In
483:GRU
284:in
257:).
247:VOA
243:OSS
129:VOA
125:GRU
1927::
1562:UK
981:.
965:.
947:.
931:.
891:.
797:^
740:.
726:^
698:^
668:^
556:.
417:.
372:,
368:,
364:,
336:.
329:.
300:.
245:,
225:,
221::
171:m.
131:,
71:,
1122:e
1115:t
1108:v
1091:.
1068:.
905:.
847:.
777:.
753:.
720:.
692:.
217:(
79:)
63:)
59:(
20:)
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