598:. This is Jardine's account of Morocco, with other letters written during visits to France and Spain, from Portugal in 1779, and from Jersey in 1787. He mentions as friends Sarah Proby (c.1741–1785, née Pownall) who was the wife of Charles Proby R.N., commissioner of Chatham Dockyard, and a Mrs. Pilcher; one of the two was his correspondent Mrs. P. Letters from Morocco were to an army officer, who has been tentatively identified as
1249:
207:
exchange of essays and ideas between the members, would give "an acquaintance to a fixed degree, with
Geometry, Algebra, Mechanics, Fortification, Natural Philosophy, History, Law and Politics..."; he proposed that members become familiar with the ideas of a broad cross-section of authors and thinkers:
206:
In 1772 Jardine returned from
Gibraltar to Woolwich where he wrote to fellow officer Captain Edward Williams, proposing the formation of a Military Society at Woolwich, noting that "We have already in this country all kinds of Societies except a military one". This voluntary organisation, though the
182:
For four years from 1776, Jardine acted as a
British intelligence agent in Spain. He was transferred to one of the Royal Artillery's invalid companies, on 1 November 1776. He became captain in 1777, brevet-major in 1783, and brevet lieutenant-colonel in 1793. On his return to England around 1780 he
566:
His proposal was accepted, and supported by others. It came into existence that year, with a set of rules established, and a library to be formed. Although the
Society only lasted until 1775, its success inspired, in 1839, the formation of an Institution that later became the
761:
While stationed at
Gibraltar Jardine collected military observations, and presented them in 1772 to the Regimental Society, Woolwich, which he helped to establish in 1772–5. The papers went to the
996:, Journal of British Studies Vol. 45, No. 3 (July 2006), pp. 511–531. Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies. DOI: 10.1086/503589
1314:
1289:
643:
The second work was with the publisher James
Ridgway in 1792, but was not actually published. Antonio Borghese was a French composer. Dybikowski concludes, of Jardine's contribution to the
1262:
347:
179:
for its defence. His subsequent career was as second lieutenant on 11 September 1762, first lieutenant on 28 May 1766, and captain-lieutenant on 28 April 1773.
686:
376:
454:
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Jardine supported military reforms, such as Conway had carried out in Jersey. His opinions were tinged with republicanism and accepting
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Jardine married a
Spanish woman, Juana. They had a family of at least five children. Their daughter Charlotte married
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156:, as a cadet in June 1757. He passed out of the academy as a lieutenant-fireworker on 8 February 1758.
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132:(died 8 April 1799) was a Scottish artillery officer, spy, and writer on travel and politics.
83:
1017:
952:
1211:
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989:
821:
740:
120:
994:
Cultivating Woman: Men’s
Pursuit of Intellectual Equality in the Late British Enlightenment
709:
318:
301:
269:
195:
141:
875:
1180:
717:
625:
617:
468:
149:
53:
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endured financial hardship, and appealed to highly placed friends. In 1787 he was in
777:. Their daughters, Charlotte (1768–1792) and Joanna (c.1769–1830), are mentioned in
721:
558:
65:
833:
647:, that it was "an amalgam of Godwinian personal and social ideals structured by a
586:(2 vols., 1788). At Gibraltar in 1771, Jardine was sent by the governor, General
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He was an illegitimate son of Sir
Alexander Jardine, 4th Baronet. He entered the
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724:, and was familiar with some of the radical authors of the period, including
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263:
176:
1086:"Borghese, Antonio D.R - composer, theorist : Grove Music Online - oi"
1210:
Hampson, Norman; Crook, Malcolm; Doyle, William; Forrest, Alan I. (2004).
602:. Some of the letters from the late 1770s were to a friend identified as
384:
312:
43:
932:. Vol. 1. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution. 1858. p. xvii
910:
908:
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in 1793, and they corresponded, but without finding much common ground.
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broached matters such as the positive effects of female influence, and
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616:
Both works reflect the views of
Jardine as a reformer, and friend of
243:
184:
1252: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1214:
Enlightenment and Revolution: Essays in Honour of Norman Hampson
436:
1074:, pp.105–114, Enlightenment and Dissent No. 11 (1994) (PDF)
929:
Minutes of Proceedings of the Royal Artillery Institution
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
977:
914:
899:
849:
638:
Appeal to the men of Great Britain in behalf of women
584:
Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal &c.
689:. He made criticisms of British military education.
1049:. Cambridge University Press. p. 290 note 11.
116:
108:
100:
90:
79:
71:
59:
49:
30:
23:
610:An Essay on Civil Government, or, Society Restored
1290:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
712:. He was personally acquainted with the reformer
1046:Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination
194:Jardine was sent in 1791 to Spain as consul in
159:Jardine saw service in several theatres of the
1315:British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War
1271:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1195:. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
886:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
779:The Early Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney
1019:Men and the Making of Modern British Feminism
8:
820:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
612:(1793), with Antonio Borghesi (or Borghese).
700:, an admirer of the theories on liberty of
687:Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert
16:Scottish artillery officer, spy, and writer
628:in arguing for the equality of women. His
20:
1022:. Stanford University Press. p. 63.
209:
198:. He died in Portugal, on 8 April 1799.
1100:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03586
817:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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801:
799:
797:
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864:
862:
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814:Dybikowksi, J. "Jardine, Alexander".
7:
716:. By the 1790s he was a regular of
683:A General Essay on Military Tactics
1186:"Dallas, Robert (1756-1824)"
720:'s circle, to which he introduced
14:
569:Royal Military College of Science
1268:Dictionary of National Biography
1247:
1192:Dictionary of National Biography
1072:Society Restored and its Authors
1043:Barbara Taylor (13 March 2003).
883:Dictionary of National Biography
692:Politically, he identified as a
154:Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
651:-like political organization".
753:found some value in the work.
121:Alexander Jardine, 4th Baronet
1:
957:. A&C Black. p. 33.
726:William Ogilvie of Pittensear
226:Mathematical & Philosophy
173:Invasion of Guadeloupe (1759)
169:Invasion of Martinique (1759)
834:UK public library membership
735:On gender issues, Jardine's
730:Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
702:David Williams (philosopher)
202:Military Society of Woolwich
152:. He was transferred to the
1331:
877:"Jardine, Alexander"
951:Cordingly, David (2013).
763:Royal Artillery Institute
681:'s anonymous translation
663:. In 1782 he reviewed in
236:History, Politics, &c
217:
1300:Royal Artillery soldiers
1295:Royal Artillery officers
1091:Oxford University Press
1170:, pp. 93–94, 107.
826:10.1093/ref:odnb/14658
620:, particularly on the
781:, vol. v 1782 to 1783
622:equality of the sexes
592:Mohammed ben Abdallah
175:, and in 1762 was in
72:Years of service
1016:(18 December 2009).
714:Francisco de Miranda
624:. Jardine relied on
189:Henry Seymour Conway
1218:. Ashgate. p.
1168:Hampson et al. 2004
1156:Hampson et al. 2004
1146:, pp. 108–109.
1144:Hampson et al. 2004
1134:, pp. 106–107.
1132:Hampson et al. 2004
1122:, pp. 104–106.
1120:Hampson et al. 2004
978:Hampson et al. 2004
915:Hampson et al. 2004
900:Hampson et al. 2004
850:Hampson et al. 2004
745:Mary Wollstonecraft
661:agonistic behaviour
604:Alexander Mackenzie
211:
1263:Jardine, Alexander
669:military works by
666:The Monthly Review
590:, on a mission to
210:
148:in March 1755, by
86:Lieutenant-Colonel
1056:978-0-521-00417-6
1029:978-0-8047-7293-8
832:(Subscription or
750:Analytical Review
596:Sultan of Morocco
588:Edward Cornwallis
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479: P. Daniel
165:Raid on Rochefort
130:Alexander Jardine
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741:female education
708:were praised by
306: Macauley
257: Robinson
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191:, the Governor.
163:, including the
161:Seven Years' War
95:Seven Years' War
61:
40:
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1261:, ed. (1892). "
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254: Puisegar
218:Of the Moderns
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934:. Retrieved
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1285:1799 deaths
1259:Lee, Sidney
1243:Attribution
872:Lee, Sidney
675:Henry Lloyd
600:Robert Boyd
545:A. Ferguson
516:Montesquieu
377:Bolingbroke
368:Desaguliers
1279:Categories
836:required.)
704:, and his
698:Lord North
696:critic of
331:Blackstone
290:Thucydides
50:Allegiance
37:1799-04-08
728:. He met
636:, in her
634:Mary Hays
531:Helvetius
342:Gravesand
270:M'Laurin
264:Herodotus
215:Ancients
177:Gibraltar
117:Relations
101:Spouse(s)
75:1755-1780
1105:21 March
936:18 March
649:Williams
640:(1798).
497:Du Retz
475:Trincano
417:Ferguson
385:Polybius
362:Vegetius
313:Xenophon
231:Military
171:and the
123:(father)
109:Children
60:Service/
44:Portugal
1256::
1204:Sources
747:in the
737:Letters
706:Letters
630:Letters
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594:, the
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319:Robins
296:Newton
276:Folard
244:Euclid
185:Jersey
167:, the
84:Brevet
62:branch
998:JSTOR
788:Notes
685:from
655:Views
645:Essay
575:Works
455:Sully
443:Nolet
397:Lloyd
354:Locke
104:Juana
1224:ISBN
1107:2017
1051:ISBN
1024:ISBN
959:ISBN
938:2019
673:and
437:Livy
302:Saxe
282:Hume
136:Life
80:Rank
66:Army
31:Died
1265:".
1096:doi
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39:)
35:(
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