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528:, not only the task of defending Russian interests but also the responsibility and odium for the concessions which Russia had to make to Britain and Austria-Hungary. He had the satisfaction of seeing the lost portion of Bessarabia restored to Russia but at the cost of greater sacrifices than he anticipated. On the whole Russia was humiliated again. Gorchakov considered the treaty the greatest failure of his official career. He continued to hold the post of foreign minister but lived chiefly abroad, with
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As a diplomat, he displayed many brilliant qualities: adroitness in negotiation, incisiveness in argument and elegance in style. His statesmanship, though marred occasionally by personal vanity and love of popular applause, was far-seeing and prudent. In the latter part of his career, his main object
468:
In 1875, Bismarck was suspected of having designs to again attack France, and
Gorchakov let him know in a way that was not meant to be offensive, but roused Bismarck's indignation, that Russia would oppose any such scheme. The tension thus produced between the two statesmen was increased by the
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Not long after his accession to office, Gorchakov issued a circular to the foreign powers in which he announced that Russia proposed, for internal reasons, to keep herself as free as possible from complications abroad, and he added the now-historic phrase,
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princely family. He has an enduring reputation as one of the most influential and respected diplomats of the mid-19th century. Scholars agree that the termination of the demilitarisation of the
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of
Alexander II's reign: for example he submitted four projects of emancipation reform and also presented to analysis of the foreign experience of various reforms to Alexander II.
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446:). That was justly regarded by him as an important service to his country and one of the triumphs of his career, and he hoped to obtain further successes with the assistance of
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345:, were impracticable, and he counselled Russia to make no more useless sacrifices, but to accept the basis of a pacification. At the same time, although he attended the
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431:. An attempt was made to form an anti-Prussian coalition, but it failed because of the cordial understanding between the German and the Russian chancellors.
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In return for Russia's service in preventing Austro-Hungarian support being given to France, Gorchakov looked to
Bismarck for diplomatic support on the
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by German troops. That seemed equally favourable to
Austria and Prussia, but it was the latter power that gained all the substantial advantages. When
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2030:
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Meyendorff, Alfred. "Conversations of
Gorchakov with Andrássy and Bismarck in 1872." The Slavonic and East European Review 8.23 (1929): 400–408.
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1172:. Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 3–4, 7–8 – via
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402:, expressly in reward for his bold diplomatic attitude towards an indignant Europe. The appointment was hailed with enthusiasm in Russia.
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413:, Russia remained neutral and permitted Prussia to reap the benefits arising from the conflict and establish its supremacy in Germany.
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524:(13 June to 13 July 1878). Gorchakov was honored as first plenipotentiary, but he left to the second plenipotentiary, Count
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1807:
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508:, redrew Ottoman boundaries to further Russia's economic and strategic plans. A key goal was control of the port city of
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Hauner, Milan. "Central Asian geopolitics in the last hundred years: a critical survey from
Gorchakov to Gorbachev."
481:. Gorchakov hoped to use the complications of the situation in such a way as to recover, without war, the portion of
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A rapprochement now began between the courts of Russia and
Prussia, and in 1863, Gorchakov smoothed the way for the
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325:, was not a sympathetic instrument for carrying out his schemes in the East. He therefore transferred Gorchakov to
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for some years as
Russian minister and confidential adviser of the crown princess. He foretold the outbreak of the
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on the eastern shore of the Black Sea, in addition to several strategic points in the
Caucasus. Most importantly,
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and France for assuaging the severities employed in quelling it, and he was especially acrid in his replies to
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Clark, Chester W. "Prince
Gorchakov and the Black Sea Question, 1866 A Russian Bomb that did not Explode."
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was greatly enlarged to serve as the dominant power in the Balkans and be under Russian control. Britain,
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Prince Gorchakov devoted himself mostly to foreign affairs but also took some part in the great internal
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266:. His first diplomatic work of importance was the negotiation of a marriage between the Grand Duchess
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Splidsboel-Hansen, Flemming. "Past and future meet: Aleksandr Gorchakov and Russian foreign policy."
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Golicz, Roman, "The Russians shall not have Constantinople: English Attitudes to Russia, 1870–1878",
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was Gorchakov's greatest accomplishment but add that he stayed too long as foreign minister.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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as a school-fellow. He became a good classical scholar, and learned to speak and write in
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215:: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в; 15 July 1798 – 11 March 1883) was a
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1964:
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Stevens, John Knox. "The Franco-Russian Treaty of 1859: New Light and New Thoughts."
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with facility and elegance. Pushkin in one of his poems described young Gorchakov as
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spirit in Germany and Austria, and was credited with counselling the abdication of
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357:, recognising the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him
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1959:
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995:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 246–247.
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ceded by the Treaty of Paris, but he soon lost control of events, and the
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St. Petersburg and Moscow: Tsarist and Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974
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On leaving the lyceum Gorchakov entered the foreign office under Count
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1941:
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306:, with whom he formed a friendship which was afterwards renewed at
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was to raise the prestige of Russia by undoing the results of the
452:
1091:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
374:('Russia is not sulking, she is composing herself'). During the
1577:
329:, where the latter remained through the critical period of the
2046:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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of 1870–1871 broke out, Russia argued for the neutrality of
1401:
Almanacco reale del Regno delle Due Sicilie: per l'anno ...
1087:"Ritter-Orden: Königlich Ungarischer Sankt-Stephans-Orden"
540:
Gorchakov resigned formally in 1882 and was succeeded by
1493:
Distant Friends: The United States and Russia, 1763–1867
1166:
State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1883
983:
Gorchakov s.v. Prince Gorchakov, Alexander Mikhailovich
572:, and it may fairly be said that he greatly succeeded.
333:. Gorchakov perceived that Russian designs against the
2066:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1345:"Caballeros de la insignie orden del Toison de oro".
2021:
Russian people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1940:
1864:
1841:
1693:
1615:
1420:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
1189:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Grossherzogtums Hessen
1161:
Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1883
416:In 1867 Russia and the United States concluded the
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124:
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73:
41:
1158:Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1883) .
411:conflict arose between Austria and Prussia in 1866
298:, Gorchakov was appointed Russian minister to the
27:Russian diplomat, minister, chancellor (1798–1883)
1288:(in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1877, pp.
1250:Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau
382:, Gorchakov rebuffed the suggestions of Britain,
2056:19th-century politicians from the Russian Empire
1127:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
1040:Ivanov, Andrey Alexandrovich (3 December 2014).
1028:России — идеология государственного патриотизма
2076:Knights Commander of the Order of Saint Joseph
1042:"Россия не сердится, Россия сосредотачивается"
1007:"Сайт Международного фонда канцлера Горчакова"
2041:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
1589:
916:Приморская Троицкая пустынь. Могила Горчакова
729:Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
8:
2036:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Austria
1013:(in Russian). 21 August 2007. Archived from
2071:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
773:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
532:taking responsibility for foreign affairs.
294:was re-established in 1850 in place of the
1596:
1582:
1574:
1542:
1436:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1302:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1266:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1205:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1187:"Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen",
1143:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1107:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
54:
38:
1076:see. В. Лопатников Горчаков, ЖЗЛ, М. 2004
372:La Russie ne boude pas; elle se recueille
960:
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897:Internationalization of the Danube River
469:political complications of 1875–1878 in
2006:Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire
908:
398:. In July 1863 Gorchakov was appointed
302:. It was here that he first met Prince
209:Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov
2001:People from the Governorate of Estonia
1429:
1383:. Stamperia Granducale. 1855. p.
1320:Calendario generale del regno d'Italia
1317:Italy. Ministero dell'interno (1862).
1295:
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1198:
1191:(in German), Darmstadt, 1881, p.
1136:
1100:
1061:
1059:
602:Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen
548:and was buried at the family vault in
75:Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire
2061:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
87:27 April 1856 – 9 April 1882
7:
1225:Almanaque imperial para el año 1866
584:Gorchakov on a 2023 stamp of Russia
1256:– via digitale-sammlungen.de
25:
2016:Russian people of the Crimean War
2011:Chancellors of the Russian Empire
1380:Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855
1367:. Liberförlag. 1874. p. 468.
1364:Sveriges och Norges statskalender
1286:Königlich Preussische Ordensliste
1221:"Seccion IV: Ordenes del Imperio"
1351:(in Spanish). 1879. p. 134.
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464:representing Alexander Gorchakov
442:clauses of the Treaty of Paris (
407:occupation of Schleswig-Holstein
400:Chancellor of the Russian Empire
219:diplomat and statesman from the
194:
18:Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov
2031:Diplomats of the Russian Empire
1227:(in Spanish), 1866, p. 246
936:. Saint Petersburg Encyclopedia
1468:(November 2003) 53#9 pp 39–45.
881:Order of the Württemberg Crown
361:in place of Count Nesselrode.
1:
1630:Vasily and Andrey Shchelkalov
259:, and predicted his success.
2051:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum alumni
1768:Andreas Eberhard von Budberg
1500:The Russian Empire 1801–1917
1133:– via blb-karlsruhe.de
1605:Foreign ministers of Russia
1422:, Stuttgart, 1877, p.
1252:, Wiesbaden, 1866, p.
1129:, Karlsruhe, 1880, p.
823:Royal Order of the Seraphim
708:Imperial Order of Guadalupe
491:Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)
394:support was assured by the
365:Minister of foreign affairs
359:minister of foreign affairs
2092:
1556:Foreign Minister of Russia
1456:American Historical Review
1426:– via hathitrust.org
1404:Stamp. Reale. p. 401.
1292:– via hathitrust.org
1195:– via hathitrust.org
1097:– via alex.onb.ac.at
796:Order of the Golden Fleece
526:Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov
506:Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev
243:, and was educated at the
30:For the noble family, see
29:
1798:Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky
1562:
1553:
1545:
1093:, Vienna, 1883, pp.
1052:ru:Русская народная линия
979:Wallace, Donald Mackenzie
337:, which was supported by
202:
115:
80:
69:
53:
1650:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
934:Памятник Горчакову А. М.
860:Order of Saint Januarius
749:Order of the Black Eagle
500:, drafted by Gorchakov,
475:Herzegovian insurrection
351:Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov
347:Paris conference of 1856
247:, where he had the poet
1718:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
1398:Napoli (Stato) (1857).
1282:"Schwarzer Adler-orden"
1123:"Großherzogliche Orden"
992:Encyclopædia Britannica
627:House Order of Fidelity
489:agitation produced the
473:, which began with the
444:Treaty of London (1871)
1920:Aleksandr Bessmertnykh
1843:Provisional Government
1783:Karl Robert Nesselrode
1763:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
1748:Nikita Petrovich Panin
1728:Nikita Ivanovich Panin
1519:28.2 (1966): 203–223.
1509:54.3 (2002): 377–396.
1348:Guía Oficial de España
921:5 January 2012 at the
839:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
655:Order of the Dannebrog
585:
477:and culminated at the
465:
396:Alvensleben Convention
284:Ferdinand I of Austria
272:Charles of Württemberg
257:Fortune's favoured son
241:Governorate of Estonia
235:Gorchakov was born at
142:Governorate of Estonia
1533:Digitized page images
1495:(UP of Kansas, 1991).
879:: Grand Cross of the
843:Order of Saint Joseph
706:: Grand Cross of the
686:: Grand Cross of the
665:Order of the Elephant
600:: Grand Cross of the
583:
456:
270:and the crown prince
245:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
231:Early life and career
1996:People from Haapsalu
1856:Mikhail Tereshchenko
1778:Ioannis Kapodistrias
1738:Alexander Bezborodko
1498:Seton-Watson, Hugh.
1473:Central Asian Survey
1458:(1942) 48#1: 52–60.
684:Grand Duchy of Hesse
498:Peace of San Stefano
319:ambassador at Vienna
296:Frankfurt Parliament
292:German Confederation
185:Konstantin Gorchakov
166:Grand Duchy of Baden
1932:Eduard Shevardnadze
1915:Eduard Shevardnadze
1788:Alexander Gorchakov
1758:Alexander Vorontsov
1713:Aleksey Tcherkassky
1670:Yemelyan Ukraintsev
1538:English translation
1507:Europe-Asia Studies
1478:Jelavich, Barbara.
1246:"Herzogliche Orden"
841:: Commander of the
769:Kingdom of Sardinia
653:Grand Cross of the
471:Southeastern Europe
425:Franco-Prussian War
390:'s despatches. The
1942:Russian Federation
1895:Vyacheslav Molotov
1818:Alexander Izvolsky
1773:Nikolay Rumyantsev
1723:Mikhailo Vorontsov
1482:(1974), pp 133–91.
1416:"Königliche Orden"
1017:on 21 August 2007.
745:Kingdom of Prussia
586:
522:Congress of Berlin
479:Congress of Berlin
466:
1973:
1972:
1833:Nikolai Pokrovsky
1813:Vladimir Lamsdorf
1743:Fyodor Rostopchin
1617:Tsardom of Russia
1572:
1571:
1566:Nicholas de Giers
1563:Succeeded by
1475:8.1 (1989): 1–19.
1011:fondgorchakova.ru
669:16 September 1857
550:Strelna Monastery
542:Nicholas de Giers
502:Aleksandr Nelidov
274:. He remained at
249:Alexander Pushkin
206:
205:
180:Mikhail Gorchakov
16:(Redirected from
2083:
2026:Gorchakov family
1955:Yevgeny Primakov
1900:Andrey Vyshinsky
1885:Georgy Chicherin
1808:Mikhail Muravyov
1803:Nikolay Shishkin
1703:Gavrila Golovkin
1655:Artamon Matveyev
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858:: Knight of the
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800:17 February 1857
794:: Knight of the
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429:Austria-Hungary
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