A. Mitchell Palmer - Knowledge (XXG)

906: 996: 2916: 1645:, accessed June 11, 2014. "The Lever Food Control Act of 1917 authorized the president to regulate the price, production, transportation, and allocation of feeds, food, fuel, beverages, and distilled spirits for the remainder of World War I (1914–1918). Popularly known as the Lever Act, the law also empowered the president to nationalize certain private factories, and requisition storage facilities for military supplies. Private individuals and proprietors were entitled to be compensated for the fair market value of any property taken by the federal government pursuant to the act. U.S. District Courts were vested with jurisdiction to resolve disputes when agreement on fair market... 563:

question produced materials significant to the war effort, such as medicines, glycerin for explosives, charcoal for gas masks. Others ranged from mines to brewing to newspaper publishing. Palmer built a team of professionals with banking expertise as well as an investigative bureau to track down well-hidden assets. Below the top-level positions, he distributed jobs as patronage. For example, he appointed one of his fellow members of the Democratic National Committee to serve as counsel for a textile company and another the vice-president of a shipping line. Always thinking like a politician, he made sure his group's efforts were well publicized.

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an American. ... Thus encouraged we went to all camps and found that the candidates are all Americans." Palmer had considerable support among party professionals, but no track record as a campaigner or a vote winner. He won delegates in the Michigan and Georgia primaries but did so without demonstrating voter appeal. He also faced strong opposition from labor for his use of an injunction against striking coal miners in the fall of 1919. Though he probably never had a chance of winning the nomination, he ran a respectable third until his support collapsed on the convention's 39th ballot and the nomination shortly thereafter went to Ohio Governor

2840: 603:, the President's private secretary, advised the President that the office had "great power politically. We should not trust it to anyone who is not heart and soul with us." He pressed the President several times. He cabled Wilson in Paris: "Recognition of Palmer ...would be most helpful and cheering to young men of the party....You will make no mistake if appointment is made. It will give us all heart and new courage. Party know of need in tonic like this." He called Palmer "young, militant, progressive and fearless." The President sent Palmer's nomination to the Senate on February 27, 1919, and Palmer took office as a 409:. There he was the principal author of the detailed tariff schedules that a Republican Senator denounced as "the most radical departure in the direction of free trade that has been proposed by any party during the last 70 years." He argued that tariffs profited business and had no benefit for workers. Pennsylvania industry, notably the large mining and manufacturing firms, bellicosely opposed his tariff scheme. As Palmer stated: "I have received my notice from the Bethlehem Steel Company. ... I am marked again for slaughter at their hands." 867:, had become a storehouse of information about radicals in America. It had infiltrated many organizations and, following the raids of November 1919 and January 1920, it had interrogated thousands of those arrested and read through boxes of publications and records seized. Though agents in the GID knew there was a gap between what the radicals promised in their rhetoric and what they were capable of accomplishing, they nevertheless told Palmer they had evidence of plans for an attempted overthrow of the U.S. government on 614:(APL), an organization of private citizens that conducted numerous raids and surveillance activities aimed at those who failed to register for the draft and immigrants of German ancestry who were suspected of sympathies for Germany. One of Palmer's first acts was to release 10,000 aliens of German ancestry who had been taken into government custody during World War I. He stopped accepting intelligence information gathered by the APL. Conversely, he refused to share information in his APL-provided files when Ohio Governor 44: 839:

stand won him considerable praise from business and professional groups. He received one letter that said: "A lion-hearted man, with a great nation behind him, has brought order out of chaos. You have shown...that the United States is not a myth, but a virile, mighty power which shows itself when a man who measures up to the duties of the hour is at the helm." Such support stiffened his resolve in the next labor crisis.

731:, asserted the rule of law in opposition to Palmer's campaign, and congressional attempts to impeach or censure Louis Post were short-lived, though Palmer was allowed to defend himself in two days of testimony before the House Rules Committee in June 1919. Much of the press applauded Louis Post's work at Labor as well, and Palmer, rather than President Wilson, was largely blamed for the negative results of the raids. 587: 578:

industry independent of German ownership, with major sales in the metals industry in the spring of 1919, for example. He offered his rationale in a speech to an audience of lawyers: "The war power is of necessity an inherent power in every sovereign nation. It is the power of self-preservation and that power has no limits other than the extent of the emergency."

574:(USBA) and the rest of the overwhelmingly German liquor industry harbored pro-German sentiments. He stated that "German brewers of America, in association with the United States Brewers' Association" had attempted "to buy a great newspaper" and "control the government of State and Nation", had generally been "unpatriotic", and had "pro-German sympathies". 769: 1898: 1107: 1168: 760:. Employers claimed the strikers had revolutionary objectives and military intelligence seconded those charges, so Wood added acclaim as an anti-labor and anti-radical champion to his reputation as a military hero, critic of Wilson, and leading candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1920. 562:

The size of the assets the Custodian controlled only became clear over the next year. Late in 1918, Palmer reported he was managing almost 30,000 trusts with assets worth $ 500 million. He estimated that another 9,000 trusts worth $ 300 million awaited evaluation. Many of the enterprises in

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In his third congressional term Palmer chaired his party's caucus in the House of Representatives and served on the five-man executive committee that directed the Democratic Party's national affairs. Continuing to champion tariff reduction, he even accepted lower tariffs on the one economic sector he

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in both 1912 and 1916. At the 1912 Convention, he played a key role in holding the Pennsylvania delegation together in voting for Woodrow Wilson. Following the election of 1912, Palmer hoped to join Wilson's Cabinet as Attorney General. When he was offered Secretary of War instead, he declined citing

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pretended to investigate: "We assumed, of course, from the tone of Mr. Palmer's manifesto that his opponents for the nomination were Rumanians, Greeks and Icelanders, and weak-kneed ones at that....We happened into Cox's headquarters wholly by accident and were astounded to discover that he, too, is

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The railroad and coal strike scheduled for November 1, 1919, roused Palmer. The Senate, on October 17, had already challenged him to demonstrate what action he was taking against foreign radicals. Now these two industries faced disruption as prices continued to rise and shortages threatened, even as

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an office he held from October 22, 1917, until March 4, 1919. A wartime agency, the Custodian had responsibility for the seizure, administration, and sometimes the sale of enemy property in the United States. Palmer's background in law and banking qualified him for the position, along with his party

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As a Quaker War Secretary, I should consider myself a living illustration of a horrible incongruity....In case our country should come into armed conflict with any other, I would go as far as any man in her defense; but I cannot, without violating every tradition of my people and going against every

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Nothing that the Government has done is intended or designed to have any effect upon the recognized right of labor to organize, to bargain collectively through its unions, or, under ordinary industrial conditions, to walk out by concerted action....The Government faced the alternative of submitting

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On May 11, 1936, at Emergency Hospital in Washington, D.C., Palmer died from cardiac complications following an appendectomy two weeks earlier. Upon his death, Attorney General Cummings said "He was a great lawyer, a distinguished public servant and an outstanding citizen. He was my friend of many

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Palmer initially moved slowly to find a way to attack the source of the violence. An initial raid in July 1919 against a very small anarchist group in Buffalo failed when a federal judge tossed out his case. In August, he organized the General Intelligence Unit within the Department of Justice and

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Other progressive legislation Palmer proposed included a bill outlawing the employment of workers below a certain age in quarries and requiring quarries to be inspected. He noted that recent Welsh victims of quarry accidents were "a high class of workman –not cheap foreign labor." Late in his

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to head the new organization. Beginning in November 1919, Palmer launched a series of raids that rounded up and deported numerous suspected radicals. Though the American public initially supported the raids, Palmer's raids earned backlash from civil rights activists and legal scholars. He received

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With Palmer's backing, Hoover warned the nation to expect the worst: assassinations, bombings, and general strikes. Palmer issued his own warning on April 29, 1920, claiming to have a "list of marked men" and said domestic radicals were "in direct connection and unison" with European counterparts

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Lewis, facing criminal charges, withdrew his strike call, though many strikers ignored his action. As the strike dragged on into its third week, coal supplies were running low and public sentiment was calling for ever stronger government action. Final agreement came on December 10. Palmer's tough

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requested it. He called the APL materials "gossip, hearsay information, conclusions, and inferences" and added that "information of this character could not be used without danger of doing serious wrong to individuals who were probably innocent." In March 1919, when some in Congress and the press

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As Alien Property Custodian, Palmer campaigned successfully to have his powers to dispose of assets by sale increased to counter Germany's long-term plan to conquer the world by industrial expansion even after the war. Even after Germany's surrender, Palmer continued the campaign to make American

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magazine later credited him with the platform's opposition to forgiving the debts of America's allies in World War I and its promise to reduce government expenditures by 25%. Palmer said that the savings could be devoted to programs to relieve unemployment. With the repeal of prohibition a major

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asked the Attorney General to cease his alerts: "We can never get to work if we keep jumping sideways in fear of the bewiskered Bolshevik." Palmer's embarrassment buttressed Louis Freeland's position in opposition to the Palmer raids when he testified before a Congressional Committee on May 7–8.

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had expanded the definition of aliens that could be deported, the U.S. Senate demanded Palmer explain his failure to move against radicals. Palmer's reply on November 17 described the threat anarchists and Bolsheviks posed to the government. More than half the report documented radicalism in the

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Leaving Congress in March 1915, Palmer decided to leave public office. When Wilson offered him a lifetime position on the Court of Claims, he at first accepted, but then arranged for a postponement so he could continue serving on the Democratic National Committee. His attachment to party affairs

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Business now may take notice that, as to such enterprises as cannot meet the new conditions, by reason of neglect, refusal or inability to employ that efficiency and economy which will permit industry to stand upon its own feet with less support from the government the people refuse to be longer

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eventually forced him to withdraw from consideration for a judicial post. He sought other positions without success while continuing to fight for control of patronage positions in Pennsylvania. He worked for the Wilson campaign in the 1916 elections, but Pennsylvania voted Republican as usual.

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After retiring from government service in March 1921, Palmer went into the private practice of law and continued to act the role of a senior statesman of the Democratic Party. Widowed when his wife Roberta Dixon died on January 4, 1922, he married Margaret Fallon Burrall in 1923.

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was restrained throughout. He eschewed characterizing labor's action as some others did –"insurrection" and "Bolshevik revolution", for example –and made straightforward statements about what the government of necessity had to do. Responding to an AFL attack he wrote:

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When President Wilson needed to fill the position of Attorney General at the start of 1919, party officials, including Palmer's colleagues on the Democratic National Committee and many recipients of his patronage during his tenure as Alien Property Custodian, backed him against

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at 2132 R Street, N.W., Washington D.C. The home of a Department of Justice Bureau of Investigation (BOI) field agent Rayme Weston Finch was also attacked. Finch had previously arrested two prominent Galleanists while leading a police raid on the offices of their publication

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with disruptions planned for the same day there. Newspapers headlined his words: "Terror Reign by Radicals, says Palmer" and "Nation-wide Uprising on Saturday." Localities prepared their police forces and some states mobilized their militias. New York City's 11,000-man

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Congresses and served from March 4, 1909, to March 3, 1915. From the start he won important party assignments, serving as vice-chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in his first term and managing the assignment of office space in his second term.

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As a congressman, Palmer aligned himself with the progressive wing of the Democratic Party, advocating lower tariffs despite the popularity of tariffs in his home district and state. In his second term, he won a seat on the Ways and Means Committee chaired by

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to fire Post, but Wilson defended him. The President listened to his feuding department heads and offered no comment about Post, but he ended the meeting by telling Palmer that he should "not let this country see red." Secretary of the Navy

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Palmer had a pro-labor record in Congress though he was never very successful at winning labor's votes in elections. Through most of 1919 he did not join the growing chorus of anti-union sentiment and anti-Red rhetoric that greeted the

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he offered another to end child labor in most American mines and factories. Wilson found it constitutionally unsound and after the House voted 232 to 44 in favor on February 15, 1915, he allowed it to die in the Senate. Nevertheless,

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Fearful of extremist violence and revolution, the American public initially supported the raids. Civil rights activists, the radical left, and legal scholars raised protests. Officials at the Department of Labor, especially

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and profiteering, had never been used against a union. Certain of united political backing and almost universal public support, Palmer obtained an injunction on October 31 and 400,000 coal workers struck the next day.

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in April 1917, Palmer volunteered, despite his Quaker background, to "carry a gun as a private" if necessary, or to "work in any capacity without compensation." He chaired his local draft board for a time, while

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in May 1915, he offered reporters his opinion that "the entire nation should not be asked to suffer" to avenge the deaths of passengers who had ignored warnings not to travel on ships that carried munitions.

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who had opposed Palmer's plan. The rift between the Attorney General and the Secretary of Labor was never healed, which had consequences the next year when Palmer's attempt to deport radicals was largely

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instinct of my nature, planted there by heredity, environment and training, sit down in cold blood in an executive position and use such talents as I possess to the work of preparing for such a conflict.

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campaign issue, Palmer used his expertise as the Attorney General who first enforced Prohibition to promote a plan to expedite its repeal through state conventions rather than the state legislatures.

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in a landslide, he was quick to congratulate Governor Al Smith of New York on his re-election and declare him the party's new leader, and he backed Smith for the Democratic nomination in 1928.

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The coal strike also had political consequences. At one point Palmer asserted that the entire Cabinet had backed his request for an injunction. That infuriated Secretary of Labor

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to the demands of a single group, to the irreparable injury of the whole people, or of challenging the assertion by that group of power greater than that of the Government itself.

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were urging him to reinstate the Justice Department's wartime relationship with the APL, he told reporters that "its operation in any community constitutes a grave menace."

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and other candidates with stronger legal credentials. They argued that the South was over-represented in the Cabinet and that Palmer's political intelligence was critical.

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In total, April 1919 saw 36 dynamite-filled bombs mailed to other leading figures including justice officials, newspaper editors and businessmen, including

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years' standing and his death brings to me a deep sense of personal loss and sorrow." He was buried at Laurelwood Cemetery (originally a cemetery of the

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As a Roosevelt supporter and a delegate from the District of Columbia, Palmer served as one of nine members on the Platform Committee of the

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Brewing and Liquor Interests and German Propaganda: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate,

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had tried to protect, the wool industry. He proposed to pay for any lost revenue with a graduated income tax targeted only at the rich. The

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has called it "a turning point in American constitutional history" because it attempted to establish for the first time "the use of the

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The date came and went without incident. Newspaper reaction was almost uniform in its mockery of Palmer and his "hallucinations."

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Palmer launched his campaign against radicalism in November 1919 and January 1920 with a series of police actions known as the

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fraternity. After graduation, he was appointed court stenographer of Pennsylvania's 43rd judicial district. He studied law at

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In 1921, in the closing weeks of the Wilson administration, Palmer asked the President to pardon imprisoned Socialist leader

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of 1920 approached. The railroad brotherhoods postponed their strike in the face of political and public opposition, but the

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Palmer served as Attorney General from March 5, 1919, until March 4, 1921. Before assuming office, he had opposed the

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limited the number of deportations to 556. At a Cabinet meeting in April 1920, Palmer called on Secretary of Labor

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Young J. Edgar: Hoover, the Red Scare, and the Assault on Civil Liberties (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007)

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said he gave "the ablest speech of the day" when the House debated the measure in April 1913. He said:

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The Deportations Delirium of Nineteen-twenty: A Personal Narrative of an Historic Official Experience

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in 1919. In reaction to domestic unrest, Palmer created the General Intelligence Unit and recruited

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had ordered the strike and were financing it, and some of the press echoed that language. Palmer's

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black community and the "open defiance" black leaders advocated in response to racial violence and

674: 461: 380:, to include membership on the executive committee of the Pennsylvania State Democratic Committee. 357: 158: 89: 2849: 3577: 3309: 3279: 3050: 2904: 2764: 2704: 2654: 2564: 2509: 2474: 2354: 700: 604: 596: 345: 266:(May 4, 1872 – May 11, 1936) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 50th 251: 101: 3548: 3509: 3408: 3319: 3249: 3119: 3094: 2744: 2719: 2714: 2699: 2684: 2619: 2544: 2519: 2479: 2370: 2145: 1903: 1049: 715: 647: 567: 353: 1043: 3519: 3314: 3113: 3069: 2975: 2944: 2799: 2749: 2734: 2549: 2524: 2419: 1751: 720: 657:

A first booby-trap bomb directed at assassinating Palmer was mailed by anarchists linked to

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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

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congressional career, he sponsored a bill to promote women's suffrage. On behalf of the

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to justify almost any form of federal control over working conditions and wages."

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in 1891. At Swarthmore, he was a member of the Pennsylvania Kappa chapter of the

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Palmer on a flag-draped podium during his bid for the Democratic nomination

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In September 1918, Palmer testified at hearings held by the U.S. Senate's

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and George Washington University, and continued his studies with attorney

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Young J. Edgar: Hoover, the Red Scare, and the Assault on Civil Liberties

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mounted machine guns on automobiles and positioned them around the city.

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took place in April and June 1919, including attacks on Palmer's home.

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Gregg, Robert; McDonogh, Gary W.; Wong, Cindy H. (November 10, 2005).

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In 1914, President Wilson persuaded him to give up his House seat and

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1920 that he had raised grave concerns about did not materialize.

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Red Summer: The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America

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and ran on the Progressive Party line, and incumbent Republican

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President Woodrow Wilson with Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer

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Palmer proved out of step with the public mood when, after the

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Coben, pp. 171–174; Hagedorn, p. 380; Pietrusza, pp. 167–172

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Coben, pp. 246–50, 254–6; Pietruska, pp. 194, 198, 247, 257

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Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election

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http://www.biography.com/people/a-mitchell-palmer-38048

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The Palmer Raids occurred in the larger context of the

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loyalty and intimate knowledge of political patronage.

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from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the

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of 1913, signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.

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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

2171:, Second and Third Sessions, Pursuant to S. Res. 307 1476:"Break German Hold on American Metal," April 8, 1919 1245:"Democrat Upsets the Tariff 'Class'," April 26, 1913 344:'s Moravian Parochial School. Palmer graduated from 3595: 3566: 3537: 3508: 3479: 3450: 3381: 3354: 3337: 3267: 3240: 3223: 3154: 3129: 3104: 3079: 3060: 3041: 3010: 2985: 2954: 2923: 2895: 915:

Democratic Party's nomination for President in 1920

245: 235: 225: 214: 197: 173: 168: 152: 140: 107: 95: 83: 73: 54: 34: 2165:United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, 2138:Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920 2057:"Mitchell Palmer is Dead in Capital", May 12, 1936 1990:"Roosevelt Forces Control Platform," June 25, 1932 1516:"Palmer Slated to Enter Cabinet", February 8, 2010 297:, taking charge of the seizure of enemy property. 2106:The Wilson Era: Years of War and After, 1917–1923 1885:"Wilson Refuses to Pardon Debs", February 1, 1921 1757:The Wilson Era: Years of War and After, 1917–1923 951:and authored the original draft of the platform. 437:beliefs and heritage. He wrote to the President: 316:Palmer sought the presidential nomination at the 831: 531: 453: 439: 300:Palmer became attorney general under President 1827:Murray, p. 253; See also Kenneth D. Ackerman, 1045:Encyclopaedia of Contemporary American Culture 456:taxed to accomplish the survival of the unfit. 3728:Woodrow Wilson administration cabinet members 3191: 2865: 2378: 420:, by a resounding margin of 110 to 71 at the 309:further backlash when a series of attacks on 8: 2113:Savage Peace: Hope and Fear in America, 1919 2032: 2030: 1296:"Child Labor Bill Passed," February 16, 1916 29:American attorney and politician (1872–1936) 2131:Brewing Battles: A History of American Beer 3433: 3351: 3237: 3198: 3184: 3176: 2872: 2858: 2850: 2385: 2371: 2363: 2270:Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district 2243: 1934:"Mrs. A. Mitchell Palmer," January 5, 1922 332:Palmer was born into a Quaker family near 42: 31: 1731:"Miners Finally Agree," December 11, 1919 1687: 1685: 1659:"Palmer to Enforce Law," November 1, 1919 412:Palmer defeated Pennsylvania's incumbent 111:U.S. House of Representatives 3713:People from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania 3212:1920 United States presidential election 859:Within Palmer's Justice Department, the 663:anarchist exploded a bomb on their porch 545:Following the United States' entry into 388:Palmer was elected as a Democrat to the 1897:Downing, Margaret B. (March 16, 1913). 1588:Ackerman, pp. 44–45; Pietruszka, p. 146 1169:"Palmer's Foes Take Control in Georgia" 1067: 1065: 988: 646:. Strikes garnered national attention, 1816:"Union Men Assail Palmer", May 4, 1920 1247:, accessed January 21, 2010; see also 1082:"Guffey Is Ousted As A Political Boss" 287:United States House of Representatives 136:March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1915 69:March 5, 1919 – March 4, 1921 2073:"Tribute From Cummings", May 12, 1936 2006:"Hague Hits Roosevelt'" June 24, 1932 1831:(NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007), 283–4 849:frustrated by the Department of Labor 7: 289:, serving from 1909 to 1915. During 949:1932 Democratic National Convention 890:called it the "May Day scare." The 650:occurred in over 30 US cities, and 318:1920 Democratic National Convention 2204:"A. Mitchell Palmer (id: P000035)" 2169:Sixty-fifth United States Congress 1366:Gross, Daniel A. (July 28, 2014). 634:Assassination attempt and bombings 372:in 1893, and began to practice in 25: 3673:20th-century American politicians 797:went forward. Palmer invoked the 752:led U.S. military forces against 572:United States Brewers Association 460:Palmer's work became part of the 2914: 2838: 2156:1920: The Year of Six presidents 1899:"Mrs. Alexander Mitchell Palmer" 1392:Gross, Daniel A. (Spring 2015). 1137:Pearson, Drew (April 10, 1937). 1112:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 414:Democratic National Committeeman 3723:United States attorneys general 2394:United States Attorneys General 1840:Coben, 235–236; Louis F. Post, 1108:"Guffey Beaten in Pennsylvania" 496:, behind second-place finisher 2345:United States Attorney General 2095:A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician 1175:. May 19, 1920. Archived from 940:After the Republicans won the 879:worked for 32 hours straight. 470:National Child Labor Committee 430:Democratic National Convention 268:United States attorney general 57:United States Attorney General 1: 2265:U.S. House of Representatives 2248:U.S. House of Representatives 2160:Carroll & Graf Publishers 2142:University of Minnesota Press 1114:. May 8, 1912. Archived from 861:General Intelligence Division 500:, who was later a Republican 384:U.S. House of Representatives 3683:Antisemitism in Pennsylvania 1936:, accessed January 7, 2010; 1451:Brewing and Liquor Interests 814:American Federation of Labor 370:Pennsylvania Bar Association 1818:, accessed January 25, 2010 1802:, accessed January 25, 2010 1785:, accessed January 25, 2010 1733:, accessed January 26, 2010 1707:, accessed January 26, 2010 1661:, accessed January 26, 2010 1552:, accessed January 25, 2010 1518:, accessed January 25, 2010 1478:, accessed January 22, 2010 1298:, accessed January 20, 2010 1255:, accessed January 21, 2010 1139:"Washington Merry-Go-Round" 3744: 2912: 2185:, 1919. Original from the 2183:Government Printing Office 2059:, accessed January 8, 2010 2043:, accessed January 7, 2010 2024:, accessed January 7, 2010 2022:"Milestones, May 18, 1936" 2008:, accessed January 7, 2010 1992:, accessed January 7, 2010 1976:' accessed January 7, 2010 1960:, accessed January 7, 2010 1944:, accessed January 7, 2010 1887:, accessed January 7, 2010 1204:, accessed January 8, 2010 787:presidential election year 701:rioting of the past summer 626: 612:American Protective League 281:He became a member of the 3718:Swarthmore College alumni 3628: 3432: 3081:Secretary of the Interior 2956:Secretary of the Treasury 2836: 2400: 2351: 2342: 2334: 2329: 2321: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2276: 2261: 2253: 2246: 2133:(Algora Publishing, 2008) 2099:Columbia University Press 1487:Coben, 135–150, quote 149 973:Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania 942:national election of 1924 374:Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania 334:White Haven, Pennsylvania 264:Alexander Mitchell Palmer 257: 239:Roberta Dixon (died 1922) 220:Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania 191:White Haven, Pennsylvania 178:Alexander Mitchell Palmer 164: 129: 62: 50: 41: 18:Alexander Mitchell Palmer 3688:American anti-communists 3106:Secretary of Agriculture 2287:Party political offices 2226:, Listen to Palmer speak 2202:United States Congress. 2075:, accessed April 4, 2008 1570:Hagedorn, pp. 186–7, 227 1143:United Feature Syndicate 556:Alien Property Custodian 512:Alien Property Custodian 328:Early life and education 295:Alien Property Custodian 285:and won election to the 2995:Lindley Miller Garrison 1579:Pietruszka, pp. 146–147 1527:Coben, 150-4, quote 151 1499:The Wall Street Journal 1309:Wilson: The New Freedom 696:Immigration Act of 1918 368:He was admitted to the 342:Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 336:, in the small town of 241:Margaret Fallon Burrall 218:Laurelwood Cemetery in 3607:Robert Colvin Macauley 3295:Nicholas Murray Butler 3290:William Cameron Sproul 3164:William Bauchop Wilson 3020:James Clark McReynolds 2933:William Jennings Bryan 2237:June 29, 2006, at the 2231:Who Built America V.II 2187:University of Michigan 2126:(NY: Henry Holt, 2011) 2087:Ackerman, Kenneth D., 1643:Lever Food Control Act 1606:McWhirter, pp. 239–240 1497:"Palmer's Promotion". 910: 836: 781: 754:striking steel workers 742:Seattle General Strike 591: 535: 458: 444: 3568:Socialist Labor Party 3491:Parley P. Christensen 3372:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3305:Robert M. La Follette 3131:Secretary of Commerce 3062:Secretary of the Navy 908: 771: 589: 3708:Pennsylvania lawyers 3633:Other 1920 elections 3389:William Gibbs McAdoo 3089:Franklin Knight Lane 2964:William Gibbs McAdoo 2117:Simon & Schuster 1794:Coben, pp. 234–235; 1615:Daniels, pp. 545–546 1501:. November 11, 1919. 1179:on December 18, 2012 1118:on December 18, 2012 746:Boston Police Strike 652:two sets of bombings 490:United States Senate 462:Underwood Tariff Act 276:Red Scare of 1919–20 3145:Joshua W. Alexander 3139:William C. Redfield 3026:Thomas Watt Gregory 2338:Thomas Watt Gregory 2136:Murray, Robert K., 2122:McWhirter Cameron, 2104:Daniels, Josephus, 1329:Coben, 113-5, 122–4 893:Rocky Mountain News 791:United Mine Workers 729:Louis Freeland Post 712:Louis Freeland Post 675:John D. Rockefeller 358:John Brutzman Storm 90:Thomas Watt Gregory 3578:William Wesley Cox 3481:Farmer–Labor Party 3394:A. Mitchell Palmer 3310:Jeter C. Pritchard 3280:Frank Orren Lowden 3156:Secretary of Labor 3051:Albert S. Burleson 3043:Postmaster General 3032:A. Mitchell Palmer 2925:Secretary of State 2905:Thomas R. Marshall 2154:Pietrusza, David, 1853:Coben, pp. 250–251 1769:Coben, pp. 234–235 1742:Coben, pp. 183–184 1670:Coben, pp. 178–179 1633:Coben, pp. 176–178 1561:Pietruszka, p. 193 1347:Coben, pp. 118–119 1086:The New York Times 969:Society of Friends 913:Palmer sought the 911: 782: 735:Labor and business 692:Enemy Alien Bureau 681:Response and raids 668:Cronaca Sovversiva 605:recess appointment 597:Sherman L. Whipple 592: 538:A. Mitchell Palmer 346:Swarthmore College 252:Swarthmore College 36:A. Mitchell Palmer 3650: 3649: 3624: 3623: 3615:Richard C. Barnum 3549:James E. Ferguson 3510:Prohibition Party 3428: 3427: 3409:Edward I. Edwards 3333: 3332: 3320:Howard Sutherland 3250:Warren G. Harding 3173: 3172: 3120:Edwin T. Meredith 3095:John Barton Payne 2847: 2846: 2361: 2360: 2352:Succeeded by 2322:Succeeded by 2277:Succeeded by 1904:Los Angeles Times 1844:(NY, 1923), 238ff 1320:Coben, pp. 90–111 1173:The Baltimore Sun 1149:on April 16, 2013 863:(GID), headed by 844:William B. Wilson 779:November 22, 1919 776:Los Angeles Times 716:William B. Wilson 568:Overman Committee 354:Lafayette College 261: 260: 16:(Redirected from 3735: 3693:American Quakers 3557:William J. Hough 3520:Aaron S. Watkins 3434: 3382:Other candidates 3370:Vice President: 3352: 3340:Democratic Party 3315:Miles Poindexter 3268:Other candidates 3256:Vice President: 3238: 3226:Republican Party 3200: 3193: 3186: 3177: 3114:David F. Houston 3070:Josephus Daniels 3012:Attorney General 2987:Secretary of War 2976:David F. Houston 2945:Bainbridge Colby 2918: 2917: 2874: 2867: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2387: 2380: 2373: 2364: 2335:Preceded by 2254:Preceded by 2244: 2213: 2179:Books.google.com 2177:) and volume 2 ( 2175:Books.Google.com 2129:Mittelman, Amy, 2093:Coben, Stanley, 2076: 2066: 2060: 2050: 2044: 2034: 2025: 2015: 2009: 1999: 1993: 1983: 1977: 1967: 1961: 1951: 1945: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1911:on March 6, 2009 1907:. Archived from 1894: 1888: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1838: 1832: 1825: 1819: 1809: 1803: 1792: 1786: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1752:Josephus Daniels 1749: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1680: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1519: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1454: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1312: 1305: 1299: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1238: 1232: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1205: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1145:. Archived from 1134: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1078: 1072: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1017: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1006: 993: 855:May Day warnings 721:Josephus Daniels 582:Attorney general 541: 488:instead for the 283:Democratic Party 208:Washington, D.C. 204: 187: 185: 169:Personal details 155: 143: 134: 124: 113: 98: 86: 67: 46: 32: 21: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3620: 3591: 3586:August Gillhaus 3562: 3533: 3528:D. Leigh Colvin 3504: 3475: 3470:Seymour Stedman 3452:Socialist Party 3446: 3424: 3377: 3343: 3329: 3300:Calvin Coolidge 3263: 3258:Calvin Coolidge 3229: 3219: 3204: 3174: 3169: 3150: 3125: 3100: 3075: 3056: 3037: 3006: 3001:Newton D. Baker 2981: 2950: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2891: 2878: 2848: 2843: 2834: 2396: 2391: 2357: 2355:Harry Daugherty 2348: 2340: 2325: 2316: 2309: 2282: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2239:Wayback Machine 2220: 2201: 2196: 2194:Further reading 2111:Hagedorn, Ann, 2084: 2079: 2067: 2063: 2051: 2047: 2035: 2028: 2016: 2012: 2000: 1996: 1984: 1980: 1968: 1964: 1952: 1948: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1835: 1826: 1822: 1810: 1806: 1793: 1789: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1510: 1506: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1453:, v. 1, pp. 3–4 1448: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1306: 1302: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1196: 1192: 1182: 1180: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1063: 1056: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1018: 1014: 1004: 1002: 995: 994: 990: 986: 981: 964: 903: 888:Clarence Darrow 865:J. Edgar Hoover 857: 826:public rhetoric 780: 778: 774: 766: 737: 688:J. Edgar Hoover 683: 636: 631: 625: 584: 543: 539: 537: 522:sinking of the 514: 498:Gifford Pinchot 407:Oscar Underwood 386: 366: 330: 306:J. Edgar Hoover 293:, he served as 240: 226:Political party 206: 202: 189: 183: 181: 180: 179: 153: 141: 135: 130: 120: 114: 109: 102:Harry Daugherty 96: 84: 68: 63: 37: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3741: 3739: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3655: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3610: 3601: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3543: 3541: 3539:American Party 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3523: 3514: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3465: 3462:Eugene V. Debs 3456: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3437: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3420:Robert L. Owen 3417: 3414:Woodrow Wilson 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3367: 3358: 3356: 3349: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3325:Herbert Hoover 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3235: 3221: 3220: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3135: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3066: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3016: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2939:Robert Lansing 2936: 2929: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2901: 2899: 2897:Vice President 2893: 2892: 2888:Woodrow Wilson 2879: 2877: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2735:J. N. Mitchell 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2670:W. D. Mitchell 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2330:Legal offices 2327: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2263:Member of the 2260: 2257:Davis Brodhead 2255: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2227: 2219: 2218:External links 2216: 2215: 2214: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2163: 2152: 2140:(Minneapolis: 2134: 2127: 2120: 2109: 2102: 2091: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2069:New York Times 2061: 2053:New York Times 2045: 2037:New York Times 2026: 2010: 2002:New York Times 1994: 1986:New York Times 1978: 1970:New York Times 1962: 1954:New York Times 1946: 1938:New York Times 1930:New York Times 1922: 1889: 1881:New York Times 1873: 1864: 1862:Pietruska, 246 1855: 1846: 1833: 1820: 1812:New York Times 1804: 1796:New York Times 1787: 1779:New York Times 1771: 1762: 1744: 1735: 1727:New York Times 1725:Coben, 181-3; 1718: 1709: 1701:New York Times 1693: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1655:New York Times 1647: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1546:New York Times 1538: 1529: 1520: 1512:New York Times 1504: 1489: 1480: 1472:New York Times 1464: 1455: 1442: 1433: 1424: 1415: 1384: 1358: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1322: 1313: 1300: 1292:New York Times 1284: 1275: 1266: 1257: 1249:New York Times 1241:New York Times 1233: 1224: 1215: 1206: 1198:New York Times 1190: 1160: 1129: 1099: 1073: 1061: 1054: 1034: 1025: 1012: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 963: 960: 931:Eugene V. Debs 902: 899: 856: 853: 810:Samuel Gompers 773:"KEEPING WARM" 772: 765: 762: 736: 733: 682: 679: 659:Luigi Galleani 635: 632: 627:Main article: 624: 621: 601:Joseph Tumulty 583: 580: 552:Herbert Hoover 530: 513: 510: 479:commerce power 449:New York Times 385: 382: 365: 362: 329: 326: 302:Woodrow Wilson 259: 258: 255: 254: 249: 243: 242: 237: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222: 216: 212: 211: 205:(aged 64) 199: 195: 194: 177: 175: 171: 170: 166: 165: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 147:Davis Brodhead 144: 138: 137: 127: 126: 108:Member of the 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 78:Woodrow Wilson 75: 71: 70: 60: 59: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 28: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3740: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3404:John W. Davis 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3285:Hiram Johnson 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2841: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2339: 2333: 2328: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2258: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2151: 2150:0-313-22673-3 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1679:Coben, 179-80 1676: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1500: 1493: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1462:Coben, 135-50 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449:U.S. Senate, 1446: 1443: 1440:Mittelman, 83 1437: 1434: 1431:Coben, 128-35 1428: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1403: 1399: 1398:Distillations 1395: 1388: 1385: 1373: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1344: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1307:Arthur Link, 1304: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1161: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1133: 1130: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1088:. May 8, 1912 1087: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1048:. Routledge. 1047: 1046: 1038: 1035: 1032:Coben, 23, 47 1029: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1000: 999: 992: 989: 983: 978: 976: 974: 970: 961: 959: 956: 955: 950: 945: 943: 938: 934: 932: 927: 925: 920: 919:Heywood Broun 916: 907: 900: 898: 895: 894: 889: 884: 882: 881:Boston police 878: 872: 870: 866: 862: 854: 852: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 804: 800: 796: 795:John L. Lewis 792: 788: 777: 770: 763: 761: 759: 758:Gary, Indiana 755: 751: 747: 743: 734: 732: 730: 724: 722: 717: 713: 709: 704: 702: 697: 693: 689: 680: 678: 676: 671: 669: 664: 660: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 633: 630: 622: 620: 617: 613: 608: 606: 602: 598: 588: 581: 579: 575: 573: 569: 564: 560: 557: 553: 548: 542: 540:December 1918 534: 529: 526: 525: 518: 511: 509: 507: 506:Boies Penrose 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 471: 465: 463: 457: 452: 450: 443: 438: 436: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 402: 399: 395: 391: 383: 381: 379: 375: 371: 363: 361: 359: 355: 351: 350:Phi Kappa Psi 347: 343: 339: 335: 327: 325: 323: 319: 314: 312: 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 256: 253: 250: 248: 244: 238: 234: 231: 228: 224: 221: 217: 215:Resting place 213: 209: 200: 196: 192: 176: 172: 167: 163: 160: 157: 151: 148: 145: 139: 133: 128: 123: 118: 112: 106: 103: 100: 94: 91: 88: 82: 79: 76: 72: 66: 61: 58: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 27: 19: 3678:Anti-Masonry 3632: 3613:VP nominee: 3612: 3604: 3584:VP nominee: 3583: 3575: 3555:VP nominee: 3554: 3546: 3526:VP nominee: 3525: 3517: 3499:Max S. Hayes 3497:VP nominee: 3496: 3488: 3468:VP nominee: 3467: 3459: 3393: 3369: 3364:James M. Cox 3361: 3338: 3275:Leonard Wood 3255: 3247: 3224: 3216:→ 1924 3208:← 1916 3031: 2970:Carter Glass 2649: 2425:Breckinridge 2343: 2324:John Farrell 2307:Pennsylvania 2303:U.S. Senator 2301:nominee for 2297: 2292: 2280:Henry Steele 2262: 2230: 2207: 2166: 2155: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2112: 2105: 2094: 2088: 2082:Bibliography 2068: 2064: 2052: 2048: 2036: 2017: 2013: 2001: 1997: 1985: 1981: 1969: 1965: 1953: 1949: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1913:. Retrieved 1909:the original 1902: 1892: 1880: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1841: 1836: 1828: 1823: 1811: 1807: 1795: 1790: 1778: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1726: 1721: 1712: 1700: 1696: 1675: 1666: 1654: 1650: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1593: 1584: 1575: 1566: 1557: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1492: 1483: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1450: 1445: 1436: 1427: 1418: 1406:. Retrieved 1401: 1397: 1387: 1375:. Retrieved 1371: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1338:Coben, 124-6 1334: 1325: 1316: 1308: 1303: 1291: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1260: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1231:Coben, 77ff. 1227: 1218: 1213:Coben, p. 71 1209: 1197: 1193: 1181:. Retrieved 1177:the original 1172: 1163: 1151:. Retrieved 1147:the original 1142: 1132: 1120:. Retrieved 1116:the original 1111: 1102: 1090:. Retrieved 1085: 1076: 1071:Coben, p. 49 1044: 1037: 1028: 1015: 1003:. Retrieved 997: 991: 965: 952: 946: 939: 935: 928: 912: 901:Later career 891: 885: 877:police force 873: 858: 841: 837: 832: 808: 783: 775: 750:Leonard Wood 738: 725: 708:Palmer Raids 705: 684: 672: 667: 656: 637: 629:Palmer Raids 623:Palmer Raids 616:James M. Cox 609: 607:on March 5. 593: 576: 565: 561: 544: 536: 532: 523: 519: 515: 483: 466: 459: 454: 448: 445: 440: 418:James Guffey 411: 403: 387: 367: 331: 322:James M. Cox 315: 299: 280: 272:Palmer Raids 263: 262: 203:(1936-05-11) 201:May 11, 1936 159:Henry Steele 154:Succeeded by 131: 117:Pennsylvania 97:Succeeded by 64: 26: 3668:1936 deaths 3663:1872 births 3443:independent 3439:Third party 3416:(incumbent) 3362:President: 3248:President: 3166:(1913–1921) 3147:(1919–1921) 3141:(1913–1919) 3122:(1920–1921) 3116:(1913–1920) 3097:(1920–1921) 3091:(1913–1920) 3072:(1913–1921) 3053:(1913–1921) 3034:(1919–1921) 3028:(1914–1919) 3022:(1913–1914) 3003:(1916–1921) 2997:(1913–1916) 2978:(1920–1921) 2972:(1918–1920) 2966:(1913–1918) 2947:(1920–1921) 2941:(1915–1920) 2935:(1913–1915) 2907:(1913–1921) 2890:(1913–1921) 2740:Kleindienst 2695:T. C. Clark 1691:Murray, 155 1372:Smithsonian 1282:Coben, 84-7 1183:January 14, 1153:January 14, 1122:January 12, 1092:January 14, 1005:December 6, 764:Coal strike 644:World War I 547:World War I 475:Arthur Link 422:State Party 291:World War I 274:during the 188:May 4, 1872 142:Preceded by 85:Preceded by 3657:Categories 3597:Single Tax 3445:candidates 3346:Convention 3232:Convention 2830:M. Garland 2780:Thornburgh 2745:Richardson 2725:Katzenbach 2640:McReynolds 2635:Wickersham 2590:A. Garland 2565:Pierrepont 2510:Crittenden 2475:Crittenden 2349:1919–1921 2299:Democratic 2274:1909–1915 2173:Volume 1 ( 1716:Coben, 181 1597:Coben, 176 1536:Coben, 153 1422:Coben, 128 1404:(1): 16–23 1356:Coben, 127 1273:Coben, 198 1055:1134719299 979:References 686:recruited 648:race riots 416:, Colonel 247:Alma mater 230:Democratic 184:1872-05-04 3605:Nominee: 3576:Nominee: 3547:Nominee: 3518:Nominee: 3489:Nominee: 3460:Nominee: 2885:President 2765:Civiletti 2705:McGranery 2655:Daugherty 2630:Bonaparte 2144:, 1955), 1408:March 20, 1377:August 6, 1222:Coben, 74 984:Citations 924:James Cox 799:Lever Act 640:Red Scare 570:that the 524:Lusitania 338:Moosehead 236:Spouse(s) 132:In office 74:President 65:In office 3399:Al Smith 3355:Nominees 3241:Nominees 2820:Sessions 2800:Gonzales 2795:Ashcroft 2730:R. Clark 2710:Brownell 2675:Cummings 2585:Brewster 2580:MacVeagh 2560:Williams 2540:Stanbery 2495:Clifford 2410:Bradford 2405:Randolph 2235:Archived 1915:June 11, 1264:Coben 51 803:hoarding 744:and the 502:Governor 378:Democrat 125:district 2881:Cabinet 2805:Mukasey 2720:Kennedy 2700:McGrath 2685:Jackson 2665:Sargent 2645:Gregory 2610:McKenna 2555:Akerman 2525:Stanton 2515:Cushing 2505:Johnson 2450:Berrien 2435:Pinkney 2420:Lincoln 2312:Class 3 2224:LOC.gov 2162:, 2007) 2119:, 2007) 2101:, 1963) 998:Halcyon 869:May Day 822:Trotsky 812:of the 311:May Day 3642:Senate 2810:Holder 2715:Rogers 2690:Biddle 2680:Murphy 2650:Palmer 2615:Griggs 2605:Harmon 2595:Miller 2575:Devens 2545:Evarts 2500:Toucey 2485:Nelson 2480:Legaré 2470:Gilpin 2465:Grundy 2460:Butler 2430:Rodney 2148: 1052: 871:1920. 793:under 435:Quaker 396:, and 364:Career 210:, U.S. 193:, U.S. 3637:House 2815:Lynch 2775:Meese 2770:Smith 2750:Saxbe 2660:Stone 2625:Moody 2600:Olney 2535:Speed 2530:Bates 2520:Black 2490:Mason 2455:Taney 2305:from 2293:First 2268:from 2158:(NY: 2115:(NY: 2097:(NY: 971:) in 962:Death 818:Lenin 115:from 55:50th 3441:and 3210:) 2825:Barr 2790:Reno 2785:Barr 2760:Bell 2755:Levi 2620:Knox 2570:Taft 2550:Hoar 2445:Wirt 2440:Rush 2318:1914 2146:ISBN 2018:Time 1917:2014 1410:2018 1379:2014 1185:2012 1155:2012 1124:2012 1094:2012 1050:ISBN 1023:> 1007:2016 954:Time 820:and 785:the 494:race 433:his 398:63rd 394:62nd 390:61st 198:Died 174:Born 122:26th 2883:of 2415:Lee 2181:). 756:in 670:. 486:run 426:Joe 360:. 119:'s 3659:: 3635:: 2314:) 2206:. 2071:: 2055:: 2039:: 2029:^ 2020:: 2004:: 1988:: 1972:: 1956:: 1940:: 1932:: 1901:. 1883:: 1814:: 1798:: 1781:: 1754:, 1729:: 1703:: 1684:^ 1657:: 1548:: 1514:: 1474:: 1400:. 1396:. 1370:. 1294:: 1251:: 1243:: 1200:: 1171:. 1141:. 1110:. 1084:. 1064:^ 975:. 926:. 851:. 703:. 677:. 508:. 392:, 278:. 3348:) 3344:( 3234:) 3230:( 3218:) 3214:( 3206:( 3199:e 3192:t 3185:v 2873:e 2866:t 2859:v 2386:e 2379:t 2372:v 2310:( 2212:. 2189:. 1919:. 1412:. 1402:1 1381:. 1187:. 1157:. 1126:. 1096:. 1058:. 1009:. 186:) 182:( 20:)

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