588:, and ordered Doniphan to execute them. Doniphan indignantly refused, saying: "It is cold blooded murder. I will not obey your order. ... f you execute these men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God". The Mormon leaders were accordingly sent to Liberty Jail during the winter, to await trial during the following spring of 1839, at which trial Doniphan was appointed as their defense attorney and energetically defended them at the risk of his good reputation and, in all probability, his life. Ultimately, the church leaders were permitted to escape from custody, and they subsequently made their way to the new Mormon settlement in
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717:, but had made little progress. After Price arrived with his force, Kearny, near the present-day border of Arizona and New Mexico, learned that the Navajos had attacked some sheepherders, killed them, and stolen their herd of 2,000 sheep. Kearny dispatched a message to Doniphan to attack the Navajos on October 2, 1846. Doniphan signed a peace treaty with the Utes, and then took three companies and headed west (toward present day
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729:, stealing the livestock and sending the residents fleeing for their lives. Kearny now called for all citizens of the territory to take up arms and aid the cavalry in finding the Navajos, retrieving the stolen property, and to "make reprisals and obtain redress for the many insults they received from them". Returning to their campaign against the Mexican Army, Doniphan's men won the
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in
Liberty, Missouri, has named its prestigious Senior Award named in honor of Colonel Alexander Doniphan. The Alexander Doniphan Award is presented to the male of the graduating senior class whom demonstrates leadership, strong academics, and is considered by his peers to be the most likely to walk
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The couple had two sons, John
Thornton (September 18, 1838–May 9, 1853) and Alexander William Jr. (September 10, 1840–May 11, 1858), neither of whom lived to age 18. John Thornton Doniphan died from accidental poisoning: while visiting his uncle James Baldwin, he sought relief for a
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and accused of carrying out a failed assassination attempt on (now former) governor Boggs. After nine months of being imprisoned in poor conditions, he was able to hire
Doniphan to defend him; Doniphan managed to have the main charge of attempted murder dismissed for lack of evidence, and arranged
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Indians, then stole their horses. The
Potawatomis pursued the brothers and killed three of them. The brothers' mother sought revenge by claiming that the Potawatomis had gone on the war path, while the remaining Heatherly brothers robbed and murdered two white men, trying to place the blame on the
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This organization was called the "Church of Christ" at this time; it later became the "Church of the Latter Day Saints", and then the "Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints" in 1838. Today, multiple groups claim to be the continuation or successor of Smith's original church, the largest of
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Doniphan married
Elizabeth Jane Thornton (December 21, 1820–July 19, 1873) on December 21, 1837, in Liberty, Missouri. Her father was a colleague of Doniphan's in the state legislature. Their wedding was on her 17th birthday, and it was a double-wedding ceremony, with Elizabeth's sister
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Caroline and Oliver P. Moss being married at the same time. Elizabeth became sickly in the 1850s, and during the burial of her son John she suffered a stroke, which left her a semi-invalid for the remainder of her life. Elizabeth
Doniphan died in New York City of
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in the
Missouri Militia, Doniphan was ordered into the field with other forces to operate against the Mormons, even though he had worked diligently to avoid the conflict, and believed that the Mormons were largely acting in self-defense. After the surrender of
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Doniphan was unable to find his foe, but they sent a member of their tribe to find him and tell him they wanted to negotiate. At first, Kearny was willing to be amicable with the
Navajos, but the following day, October 3, the Navajos attacked the village of
537:, who planned to foment uprisings among Missouri slaves. Denunciations of abolitionism in the church press did nothing to allay their neighbors' fears, and matters came to a head in late 1833, when the Mormons were forcibly expelled from the county.
741:. At the latter battle, Doniphan and his force were outnumbered by more than four to one in troops, and nearly two to one in artillery, but only lost one dead and eleven wounded to the Mexican loss of 320 dead, 560 wounded and 72 prisoners.
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is alleged to have remarked: "Doniphan, you are the only man I've ever met whose appearance came up to my expectations". During the war, Doniphan worked in St. Louis with the
Missouri Claims Commission, handling pension applications.
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for
Rockwell to serve a five-minute sentence (for a jailbreak attempt during his imprisonment) in the county jail before being released. Rockwell made his way to Illinois, then later to Utah, where he achieved fame as a lawman and
461:, where he was a successful lawyer. Doniphan always served as a defense attorney, never as a prosecutor, and was noted for his oratorical skills. He served in the state legislature in 1836, 1840, and 1854, representing the
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768:") in both English and Spanish. It was to be used in the lands annexed from Mexico, and still forms the basis of New Mexico's Bill of Rights and legal code. He was also instrumental in the establishment of
706:. With the Spanish gone, the Navajos wanted to test these new American soldiers; hence, as Doniphan waited for Price, the Navajos mounted a raid and kidnapped 20 Mexican families.
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for protection, but were largely ignored. This led them to hire Doniphan and Atchison, among others, to defend their rights in court. Doniphan assisted in the creation of a special
787:, opposing secession and favoring neutrality for Missouri. Although a slaveholder, Doniphan advocated the gradual elimination of slavery. This was in response to proposals of the
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After Santa Fe was secure, Kearny left Doniphan in charge in New Mexico, and departed towards California on September 25, 1846. Doniphan's orders were to wait until General
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to a hero's welcome. His campaign had taken him and his men on a march of nearly 5,500 miles (8,900 km), considered the longest military campaign since the times of
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in upstate New York a year earlier. By 1833, approximately 1200 Mormons lived in Jackson County, where they aroused the ire of many earlier settlers by their belief that
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following the death of Joseph Smith. He received a hero's welcome, and was feted and thanked by the Latter-day Saints for his role in saving the life of their prophet.
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Doniphan was eager to start south, but he first had to wait for Price to arrive. Kearny, and then Doniphan had tried to negotiate with the Navajos, together with the
798:, in February 1861, but returned home frustrated at its inability to solve the crisis. He was appointed Brigadier General and commander of the Fifth Division of the
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in northwestern Missouri for the Mormons, but continued friction between Mormons and non-Mormon settlers in that region ultimately led to the outbreak of the
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Quinn, D. Michael. "The Mormon Hierarchy Origins of Power." Salt Lake City: Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, 1994. pp. 100–101.
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Doniphan was commissioned as Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Missouri Mounted Volunteers, and served in several campaigns, including General
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533:). Other fundamental differences between Mormons and non-Mormons exacerbated the situation, especially a belief that the Mormons were
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802:, but declined. Doniphan was also offered high rank in the Union Army, but refused to fight against the South. In 1863 he moved to
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for saving the life of Joseph Smith and other early church leaders. His story is routinely told in church literature and histories.
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to make emancipation immediate, without compensation to the slaveowners or any preparation of the slaves for life as free men.
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in his home town of Liberty; one of his colleagues on the college's board of trustees was Rev. Robert James, father of
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Speaking of History Podcast with audio of John Dillingham speech on the life of Alexander Doniphan
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374:(July 9, 1808 – August 8, 1887) was a 19th-century American attorney, soldier and politician from
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as an aide to Colonel Samuel C. Allen. As the Liberty Blues moved toward the Missouri border,
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Potawatomis. The "war" ended with the Heatherly family being arrested, tried, and convicted.
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The Liberty, Missouri School District has named an elementary school in honor of Doniphan.
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839:), thinking that it was Epsom salts. Alexander William Doniphan Jr. died while attending
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which is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in Salt Lake City, Utah; see
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in 2008, and a bronze bust depicting him is on permanent display in the rotunda of the
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and remained there for the rest of the war. During a meeting with Doniphan, President
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Kearny discovered that the Heatherly brothers had sold whiskey to a hunting party of
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in that state. He also achieved renown as a leader of American troops during the
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402:'s Bill of Rights, and as a successful defense attorney in the Missouri towns of
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toothache in the middle of the night but mistakenly took corrosive sublimate (
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Following these events, Joseph Smith and other church leaders petitioned the
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Peterson, Richard C.; McGhee, James E.; Lindberg, Kip A.; Daleen, Keith I;
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arrived with the Second Missouri Mounted Volunteers, who were coming from
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1209:, Saturday, August 31, 1935, article "Ancestry of Orrin Porter Rockwell".
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Doniphan's men ultimately embarked on ships and returned to Missouri via
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in 1844. In Doniphan's honor, Joseph and Emma Hale Smith named a son
1549:. A tour of Alexander Doniphan historical sites in Liberty, Missouri.
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Doniphan's Epic March: The 1st Missouri Volunteers in the Mexican War
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of Missouri named Doniphan City one of their divisions in his honor.
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A large bronze statue of Doniphan stands on the grounds of the
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Forty years after the events of 1838, an aged Doniphan visited
1544:. - presented at the Truman Presidential Library in May, 2007.
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398:, as the author of a legal code that still forms the basis of
1269:. Federal Writers' Project, U.S. History Publishers (1953).
1075:, - Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. - p.6.
1060:. - Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. - p.1.
928:, Kansas, is named the "Alexander Doniphan Memorial Highway".
552:. Following a clash between Mormons and state militia at the
1103:. - Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. - p. 6. -
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Alexander William Doniphan: Portrait of a Missouri Moderate
1494:(rev. ed.), Two Trails Publishing, Independence, MO (2007)
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After the Mexican–American War, Doniphan was appointed by
1469:: "General Alexander William Doniphan", January 17, 1965"
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Alexander Doniphan remains highly esteemed by members of
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and an invasion of northern Mexico (present day northern
438:, and both of Alexander's grandfathers had fought in the
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In the late 1860s, Doniphan re-opened his law office in
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Doniphan was a moderate in the events leading up to the
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
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The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
513:, Missouri, had become home to several members of the
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733:(outside modern day El Paso, Texas) and then won the
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who is best known today as the man who prevented the
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American attorney, soldier and politician (1808–1887)
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1320:. Los Angeles, California: Mankind Publishing.
1228:, vol. 6, pp. 134–142, archived from
1032:. University of Texas Arlington. Archived from
868:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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1161:List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement
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934:was established during the Army buildup for
764:to write a code of civil laws (known as the "
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1344:. Bendina, KS: Roycroft Press, 1905, Ch. 2.
980:, who was a brother-in-law of Peter Lawford.
963:portrayed Doniphan in a 1965 episode of the
847:, when he drowned in a flood-swollen river.
666:; after they arrived he was to lead them to
1073:Five Stars: Missouri's Most Famous Generals
515:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
388:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
223:Joseph and Anne Fowke (née Smith) Doniphan
201: 1838–1873)
29:
18:
976:, based on an earlier book attributed to
698:from the west. Kearny had known that the
1030:A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War
794:Doniphan attended a peace conference at
1598:National Guard (United States) officers
1532:. - Kansas "bogus legislature" website.
1124:Historic Liberty: Doniphan Walking Tour
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920:Missouri Highway 152, running between
737:, enabling the capture of the city of
517:, a religious organization founded by
453:in 1830. He began his law practice in
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1249:Missouri Baptist Historical Society
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422:Doniphan was born near the town of
1583:People from Mason County, Kentucky
1524:Marker to Doniphan in Clay Co., MO
913:, is named for Doniphan, from the
14:
1603:Augusta College (Kentucky) alumni
635:In 1846, at the beginning of the
449:in 1824, and was admitted to the
170:6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
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678:, who was moving southwest from
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40:(Library of Congress collection)
1316:Locke, Raymond Friday, (2002).
1056:1—Launius, Roger D., (1997). -
873:Doniphan was inducted into the
473:Doniphan's friend and partner,
304:1st Missouri Mounted Volunteers
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1588:People from Richmond, Missouri
1342:Gray's Doniphan County History
1071:2—Muench, James F., (2006). -
735:Battle of the Sacramento River
621:Salt Lake City, Utah Territory
434:. Joseph had been a friend of
341:Battle of the Sacramento River
1:
1449:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
721:) in pursuit of the Navajos.
1506:"Alexander William Doniphan"
1492:Sterling Price's Lieutenants
1354:Sterling Price's Lieutenants
1099:Dawson Joseph G., (1999). -
625:the largest body of Mormons
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1538:. - Columbia Encyclopedia.
875:Hall of Famous Missourians
372:Alexander William Doniphan
35:Alexander William Doniphan
1157:Latter Day Saint movement
592:, where Joseph Smith was
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938:. It is located next to
590:Hancock County, Illinois
445:Doniphan graduated from
257:United States of America
1473:Internet Movie Database
1443:Gannett, Henry (1905).
857:Doniphan County, Kansas
756:Return to civilian life
554:Battle of Crooked River
240:"The American Xenophon"
188:Elizabeth Jane Thornton
38:(Mathew Brady's studio)
1318:The Book of the Navajo
950:William Jewell College
917:fought near that city.
879:Missouri State Capitol
845:Bethany, West Virginia
770:William Jewell College
578:drumhead court martial
390:, at the close of the
61:Mason County, Kentucky
1307:Launius, pp. 118–120.
1286:Launius, pp. 116–117.
1225:History of the Church
1183:History of the Church
696:Monterrey, Nuevo LeĂłn
560:issued his infamous "
283:Years of service
215:Alexander William Jr.
1088:1—Launius. - p. 279.
915:Battle of El Brazito
829:pulmonary hemorrhage
800:Missouri State Guard
731:Battle of El Brazito
637:Mexican–American War
631:Mexican–American War
598:Alexander Hale Smith
542:governor of Missouri
525:, whom they called "
483:Stephen Watts Kearny
457:, but soon moved to
396:Mexican–American War
336:Battle of El Brazito
326:Mexican–American War
1467:Profiles in Courage
973:Profiles in Courage
909:Doniphan Drive, in
750:Alexander the Great
562:Extermination Order
505:The 1838 Mormon War
475:David Rice Atchison
455:Lexington, Missouri
440:American Revolution
424:Maysville, Kentucky
331:Capture of Santa Fe
116:39.2428°N 94.4239°W
112: /
1530:Doniphan biography
1254:2011-09-27 at the
1172:Muench. - pp. 8–9.
1129:2011-10-09 at the
1090:2—Muench. - p. 32.
1026:"Doniphan's March"
861:Doniphan, Missouri
816:Richmond, Missouri
785:American Civil War
702:were going on the
680:San Antonio, Texas
509:Starting in 1831,
277:United States Army
80:Richmond, Missouri
23:Alexander Doniphan
1433:Launius. - p.238.
1407:Launius. - p.217.
1393:Launius. - p.274.
1326:978-0-87687-500-1
1275:978-1-60354-030-8
1145:Muench. - pp.7-8.
1109:978-0-7006-0956-7
1082:978-0-8262-1656-4
1067:978-0-8262-1132-3
641:Stephen W. Kearny
569:brigadier general
469:The Heatherly War
386:, founder of the
380:summary execution
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1515:September 3,
1513:. Retrieved
1510:Find a Grave
1491:
1478:February 26,
1476:. Retrieved
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1349:
1340:P. L. Gray.
1317:
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1230:the original
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1206:Deseret News
1205:
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1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
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1007:Ben Holladay
971:
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694:, to attack
676:John E. Wool
653:
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519:Joseph Smith
508:
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478:
472:
444:
436:Daniel Boone
421:
412:Independence
384:Joseph Smith
371:
370:
309:Battles/wars
155:Joseph Smith
74:(1887-08-08)
57:July 9, 1808
1573:1887 deaths
1563:1808 births
1220:"Chapter 6"
936:World War I
926:Leavenworth
896:, Missouri.
778:Jesse James
766:Kearny code
746:New Orleans
556:, governor
426:, near the
237:Nickname(s)
205:(her death)
161:Kearny code
119: /
1557:Categories
1267:New Mexico
1236:2013-07-28
1186:, 3:190–91
1013:References
904:Boys State
890:Ray County
649:New Mexico
498:Potawatomi
463:Whig Party
428:Ohio River
418:Early life
400:New Mexico
245:Allegiance
107:94°25′26″W
104:39°14′34″N
53:1808-07-09
1328:. p. 208.
1040:14 August
940:Fort Sill
804:St. Louis
739:Chihuahua
727:Polvadera
711:Ute tribe
668:Chihuahua
614:Wild West
609:St. Louis
603:In 1843,
527:Lamanites
356:Signature
286:1836–1848
220:Parent(s)
1536:Doniphan
1356:, p. 217
1277:. p. 72.
1252:Archived
1127:Archived
985:See also
894:Richmond
704:war path
692:Coahuila
688:Monclova
684:Guerrero
645:Santa Fe
616:figure.
574:Far West
432:Virginia
408:Richmond
376:Missouri
263:Service/
210:Children
153:Sparing
1086:—DEATH:
922:Liberty
715:Apaches
682:toward
586:treason
459:Liberty
404:Liberty
295:Colonel
203:
195:
191:
178:Colonel
159:Author
157:'s life
1324:
1273:
1107:
1080:
1065:
1054:BIRTH:
959:Actor
851:Legacy
822:Family
719:Gallup
664:Kansas
594:killed
546:county
491:Kansas
274:
265:branch
254:
183:Spouse
167:Height
96:, U.S.
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
843:, in
774:Frank
567:As a
197:(
193:
175:Title
1517:2010
1480:2013
1322:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1159:and
1105:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1042:2017
899:The
776:and
713:and
686:and
670:via
410:and
301:Unit
291:Rank
69:Died
47:Born
1451:107
965:NBC
881:in
651:).
451:bar
382:of
1559::
1508:.
1471:.
1424:^
1412:^
1398:^
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1028:.
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199:m.
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863:.
580:(
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
