246:, the "uniformly dark, small-manned type with the frontally emphasized, flat-beamed antlers", which is "scattered thinly along the southern rim of North American caribou distribution" has been incorrectly classified. He affirms that "true woodland caribou is very rare, in very great difficulties and requires the most urgent of attention."
308:
1954. Preliminary investigation of the barren ground caribou. Part 1. Former and present distribution, migrations, and status. Part 2. Life history, ecology, and utilization. Canada Dept. Northern
Affairs and National Resources, National Parks Branch, Canadian Wildlife Service, Wildlife Management
260:
Mallory and Hillis argued that, "Although the taxonomic designations reflect evolutionary events, they do not appear to reflect current ecological conditions. In numerous instances, populations of the same subspecies have evolved different demographic and behavioural adaptations, while populations
261:
from separate subspecies have evolved similar demographic and behavioural patterns... "nderstanding ecotype in relation to existing ecological constraints and releases may be more important than the taxonomic relationships between populations."
169:
In 1948, in his first year as Chief
Mammalogist of the newly formed Canadian Wildlife Service, with limited resources, Banfield undertook an ambitious "multi-year investigation into the status, range, and general ecology of the
77:
wildlife biologist; naturalist; author; university professor (co-founder (with urban planner Robert Hoover) of the
Institute of Urban and Environmental Studies at
722:
305:
1952. Report on caribou investigations in the
Canadian Arctic, 1948-50. Polar Record 6 (44): 532-534. (Apparently a summary of Banfield, 1951a.)
253:
found differences among the caribou from
Newfoundland, Labrador, south-western Canada and south-eastern Canada, but maintained all in
671:
642:"Demographic characteristics of circumpolar caribou populations: ecotypes, ecological constraints/releases, and population dynamics"
501:
707:
309:
Bull., ser. 1, 10A: +79, 5 fig., 12 maps; 10B: +112, 30 fig., 1 map. (Not seen until after the present report had gone to press.)
702:
223:
Some recent authorities have considered them all valid, even suggesting that they are quite distinct. In their book entitled
145:. His research and publications appeared repeatedly in publications on mammals in Canada. and in 1974 he published his book
512:
661:
606:
302:
1951b. Notes on the mammals of the
Mackenzie District, Northwest Territories. Arctic 4 (2): 112-121, 4 fig., 1 map.
322:
142:
138:
93:
89:
492:
Burnett, J. Alexander (1 November 2002). "Working with
Mammals (1962-67) Building a National Wildlife Program".
553:
243:
215:
641:
211:
174:" which he coordinated and launched. This resulted in his 1951 publication "The Barren-ground Caribou."
171:
717:
712:
568:
Cronin, Matthew A. (1992), "Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA of North
American cervids",
611:
585:
332:
Banfield, A.W.F. 1974. Mammals of Canada. University of
Toronto Press. Toronto, Ontario. 438 pp.
667:
497:
620:
577:
548:
203:
78:
235:, specialist on large North American mammals, that this range actually includes several
232:
696:
228:
607:"Defining subspecies, invalid taxonomic tools, and the fate of the woodland caribou"
313:
Banfield, A.W.F. (1961), "A Revision of the
Reindeer and Caribou, Genus Rangifer",
297:, Ottawa, Ontario: Canada Department of Resources and Development, pp. 56 + vi
666:, vol. 1 & 2, Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press,
619:(Special Issue 17), The Eleventh North American Caribou Workshop (2006): 25–28,
529:
157:
continues to be widely cited today in discussions on subspecies and ecotypes of
513:"A Passion for Wildlife: A History of the Canadian Wildlife Service, 1947-1997"
133:(March 12, 1918 – March 8, 1996), was one of the small group of early Canadian
236:
81:, one of the first interdisciplinary environmental studies programs in Canada.
134:
195:
625:
589:
327:
275:. Fourteenth North American Wildlife Conference 1949. pp. 477–491.
158:
101:
177:
97:
581:
494:
A Passion for Wildlife: The History of the Canadian Wildlife Service
530:"Variation in Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite DNA in Caribou (
250:
149:. His 1961 article "A Revision of the Reindeer and Caribou, Genus
471:
469:
496:. Vancouver, British Columbia: UBC Press. pp. 96–128.
273:
The present status of North American caribou. Transcription
528:
Cronin, Matthew A.; MacNeil, M. D.; Patton, J. C. (2005),
598:
Deer of the world: their evolution, behavior, and ecology
554:
10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[495:vimdam]2.0.co;2
689:
OBITUARY ALEXANDER WILLIAM FRANCIS BANFIELD: 1918-1996
188:
A Revision of the Reindeer and Caribou, Genus Rangifer
372:
370:
460:
108:
85:
73:
65:
49:
30:
23:
280:Banfield, Frank (1950), "Caribou investigation",
214:Caribou) were considered invalid and included in
16:Canadian mammalogist and biologist (1918–1996)
475:
8:
511:Burnett, J. Alexander (January–March 1999),
424:
660:Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (2005),
523:(1), Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada: 183
20:
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552:
388:
400:
349:
376:
361:
342:
448:
436:
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153:" in the National Museum of Canada's
7:
640:Mallory, F.F.; Hillis, T.L. (1998),
600:, Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books
242:Geist (2007) argued that the "true"
121:Alexander William Francis Banfield
25:Alexander William Francis Banfield
14:
461:Cronin, MacNeil & Patton 2005
723:20th-century Canadian zoologists
186:Based on Banfield's often-cited
69:Frank Banfield, A.W.F. Banfield
1:
517:The Canadian Field-Naturalist
231:and DeeAnn Reeder agree with
202:(Osborn's Caribou—from
178:Banfield's classification of
663:Mammal Species of the World
299:fig., 8 maps (Mimeographed.
282:Canadian Geographic Journal
225:Mammal Species of the World
739:
321:(66), Biological Services
476:Mallory & Hillis 1998
323:National Museum of Canada
295:The barren-ground caribou
293:Banfield, Frank (1951a),
180:Rangifer tarandus caribou
165:Canadian Wildlife Service
143:National Museum of Canada
139:Canadian Wildlife Service
94:Canadian Wildlife Service
90:National Museum of Canada
648:(Special Issue 10): 9–60
605:Geist, Valerius (2007),
596:Geist, Valerius (1998),
425:Wilson & Reeder 2005
326:evolution, taxonomy, In
271:Banfield, Frank (1949).
249:In 2005, an analysis of
708:Scientists from Toronto
60:St. Catharines, Ontario
703:Canadian mammalogists
265:Selected publications
227:, American zoologist
172:Barren-ground Caribou
570:Journal of Mammalogy
541:Journal of Mammalogy
534:) in North America"
626:10.7557/2.27.4.315
112:Arctic mammalogist
532:Rangifer tarandus
208:R. t. terraenovae
147:Mammals of Canada
131:A. W. F, Banfield
118:
117:
730:
683:
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353:
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325:
298:
289:
276:
244:woodland caribou
204:British Columbia
137:who worked with
79:Brock University
66:Other names
56:
44:Toronto, Ontario
40:
38:
21:
738:
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733:
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582:10.2307/1381867
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184:
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113:
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86:Organization(s)
61:
58:
54:
45:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
736:
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487:
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393:
389:Banfield 1951a
381:
366:
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341:
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306:
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300:
290:
277:
266:
263:
233:Valerius Geist
183:
176:
166:
163:
141:(CWS) and the
126:Frank Banfield
116:
115:
110:
109:Known for
106:
105:
87:
83:
82:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
57:(aged 77)
51:
47:
46:
43:
41:March 12, 1918
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
735:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
688:
687:Morris, R. D.
685:
675:
673:0-8018-8221-4
669:
665:
664:
658:
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608:
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583:
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571:
566:
555:
550:
547:(3): 495–05,
546:
542:
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533:
526:
522:
518:
514:
509:
505:
503:9780774842525
499:
495:
490:
489:
485:
478:, p. 49.
477:
472:
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466:
462:
457:
454:
451:, p. 25.
450:
445:
442:
438:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
414:
409:
406:
402:
401:Banfield 1961
397:
394:
390:
385:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
364:, p. 97.
363:
358:
355:
351:
350:Banfield 1949
346:
343:
336:
331:
329:
324:
320:
316:
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269:
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252:
247:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
229:Don E. Wilson
226:
221:
219:
218:
217:R. t. caribou
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:R. t. osborni
197:
193:
189:
181:
175:
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164:
162:
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140:
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132:
128:
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111:
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99:
95:
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84:
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74:Occupation(s)
72:
68:
64:
53:March 8, 1996
52:
48:
33:
29:
22:
19:
686:
677:, retrieved
662:
650:, retrieved
645:
630:, retrieved
616:
610:
597:
576:(1): 70–82,
573:
569:
558:, retrieved
544:
540:
531:
520:
516:
493:
456:
444:
432:
420:
408:
396:
384:
377:Burnett 1999
362:Burnett 2002
357:
345:
318:
314:
294:
285:
281:
272:
259:
255:R. t caribou
254:
248:
241:
224:
222:
216:
212:Newfoundland
207:
199:
192:R. t. caboti
191:
187:
185:
179:
168:
154:
150:
146:
135:mammalogists
130:
125:
124:
120:
119:
55:(1996-03-08)
18:
718:1996 deaths
713:1918 births
679:18 December
652:18 December
632:17 December
560:17 December
114:mammalogist
697:Categories
486:References
449:Geist 2007
437:Geist 2007
413:Geist 1998
288:(1): 48–51
237:subspecies
198:Caribou),
182:questioned
37:1918-03-12
337:Citations
646:Rangifer
612:Rangifer
315:Bulletin
196:Labrador
190:(1961),
155:Bulletin
151:Rangifer
104:, Canada
590:1381867
328:Caribou
159:caribou
102:Ontario
670:
588:
500:
206:) and
98:Ottawa
96:(CWS)
586:JSTOR
537:(PDF)
251:mtDNA
681:2013
668:ISBN
654:2013
634:2013
562:2013
498:ISBN
50:Died
31:Born
621:doi
578:doi
549:doi
521:113
319:177
699::
644:,
617:27
615:,
609:,
584:,
574:73
572:,
545:86
543:,
539:,
519:,
515:,
468:^
369:^
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286:40
284:,
257:.
239:.
220:.
161:.
129:,
123:,
100:,
623::
580::
551::
506:.
463:.
439:.
427:.
415:.
403:.
391:.
379:.
352:.
210:(
194:(
39:)
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.