Alexandra David-Néel - Knowledge (XXG)

1400:"Cependant, Alexandra commet à Lhasa même une imprudence qui faillit lui coûter cher, celle de se rendre chaque matin à la rivière pour faire un brin de toilette en cette période hivernale. Ce fait inhabituel intrigue une de ses voisines à un point tel qu'elle le signale au Tsarong Shapé (le gouverneur de Lhasa). Celui-ci, absorbé par des préoccupations plus importantes, allait, quelque temps plus tard, envoyer un de ses hommes pour procéder à une enquête lorsque la rumeur lui apprend qu'Alexandra et Yongden viennent d'arriver à Gyantsé. Le gouverneur en a aussitôt déduit que la dame se lavant tous les matins ne pouvait être qu'Alexandra. Cette histoire, Alexandra et Yongden ne l'ont connue que quelques mois après, par des lettres de messieurs Ludlow et David Macdonald, l'agent commercial britannique qui, à Gyantsé, a stoppé leur avance." 1427:"Alexandra ne part plus à la découverte d'une philosophie ou d'un monde inconnus. Voulant conserver et affermir la place qu'elle a durement acquise, elle se rend à Pékin pour élargir le champ de ses connaissances sur l'ancien "taoïsme". le séjour est envisagé pour plusieurs années, mais elle ignore encore combien. Les événements vont bouleverser le programme qu'elle avait établi et la précipiter sur les routes chinoises... / Le périple lui-même s'est déroulé sur une durée d'un an et demi, entrecoupé par des séjours prolongés à Pékin, au Wutai Shan, à Hankéou, et à Chengtu, avant de s'achever par cinq années de retraite forcée dans les marches tibétaines à Tatsienlou." 998: 411:

one was carried out for a singing tour) on 9 August 1911. She did not want children, aware that motherhood was incompatible with her need of independence and her inclination to education. She promised to return to Philippe in nineteen months, but it was fourteen years later, in May 1925, when they met again, separating after some days. David-Néel had come back with her exploration partner, the young Lama Aphur Yongden, whom she would make her adopted son in 1929. Legend has it that her husband was also her patron. The truth is probably quite different. She had, at her marriage, her own personal fortune.

610:, by whom she received blessings and a charming welcome: he introduced her to his entourage's persons of rank, to his professors, and to his mother (with whom David-Néel tied bonds of friendship and who suggested to her to reside in a convent). The Panchen Lama bade and proposed her to stay at Shigatse as his guest, what she declined, leaving the town on 26 July, not without having received the honorary titles of a Lama and a doctor in Tibetan Buddhism and having experienced hours of great bliss. 974: 1373:"In 1916 she again went into Tibet, this time at the invitation of the Panchen Lama . He gave her access to Tashilhunpo's immense libraries of Buddhists scriptures and made every corner of the various temples accessible to her. She was lavishly entertained by both the Panchen Lama and his mother, with whom she remained a longtime friend. 'The special psychic atmosphere of the place enchanted me,' she later wrote. 'I have seldom enjoyed such blissful hours.'" 1329:"At the same time, she joined various secret societies – she would reach the thirtieth degree in the mixed Scottish Rite of Freemasonry – while feminist and anarchist groups greeted her with enthusiasm...In 1899, she wrote an anarchist treatise prefaced by the anarchist geographer Elisée Reclus. Frightened publishers refused, however, to publish this book written by a woman so proud she could not accept any abuses by the State, army, Church or high finance." 945: 1338:"Mystic, anarchist, occultist and traveller, Louise Eugenie Alexandrine Marie David was born in Paris on the 24th of October 1868...In 1899, Alexandra composed an anarchist treatise with a preface by the French geographer and anarchist Elisée Reclus (1820–1905). Publishers were, however, too terrified to publish the book, though her friend Jean Haustont printed copies himself and it was eventually translated into five languages." 447:, the eldest son of the sovereign (Chogyal) of this kingdom (which would become a state of India), and traveled in many Buddhist monasteries to improve her knowledge of Buddhism. In 1914, she met young Aphur Yongden in one of these monasteries, 15 years old, whom she would later adopt as her son. Both decided to retire in a hermitage cavern at more than 4,000 meters (13,000 ft) above sea level in northern Sikkim. 5066: 5939: 750:(approximately: Alexandra David-Neel in Tibet: trickery uncovered), a book which caused rather little sensation by claiming to demonstrate that David-Néel had not entered Lhasa. Jeanne Denys maintained that the photograph of David-Néel and Aphur sitting in the area before the Potala, taken by Tibetan friends, was a montage. She pretended that David-Néel's parents were modest Jewish storekeepers who spoke 5951: 5891: 5077: 5915: 2475: 2462: 5927: 33: 2452: 5903: 187: 508:) of the town's monastery, with the improvised interpreter M. Owen (E. H. Owen), a reverend who replaced the absent Kazi Dawa Samdup. In Lachen, she lived for several years close to one of the greatest gomchens of whom she had the privilege to be taught, and above all, she was very close to the Tibetan border, which she crossed twice against all odds. 402:. Soon after her arrival in the city, she met a distant cousin, Philippe Néel, chief engineer of the Tunisian railways and her future husband. During a stay of Jean Haustont in Tunis in the Summer of 1902, she gave up her singing career and assumed artistic direction of the casino of Tunis for a few months, while continuing her intellectual work. 1418:"The motives of this ill-tempered, anti-Semitic tract were made obvious by the author's insistence that Alexandra's parents had been modest shopkeepers and that they were Jewish and spoke yiddish at home" ... "Denys called her subject an actress and alleged that she was an impostor who invented the stories of her travel and studies." 1382:"Alexandra David-Neel then returned to Sikkim with honorary lama's robes and the equivalent of a Doctor of Philosophy in Tibetan Buddhism. There she found herself slapped with a deportation notice by the British colonial authorities. They objected to her having ignored their no-entry edict in going across the border into Tibet." 256:) in 1898. In 1899, she composed an anarchist treatise with a preface by Reclus. Publishers did not dare to publish the book, though her friend Jean Haustont printed copies himself and it was eventually translated into five languages." In 1891, she visited India for the first time, and met her spiritual preceptor, 734:

In May 1924, the explorer, exhausted, "without money and in rags", was accommodated together with her companion at the Macdonald home for a fortnight. She managed to reach Northern India through Sikkim thanks partly to the 500 rupees she borrowed from Macdonald and to the necessary papers that he and

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states more precisely that she knew the Dalai Lama well, but he didn't know that she was in Lhasa and she could not reveal her identity. She found "nothing very special" in Potala, of which she remarked that the interior design was "entirely Chinese-style". Despite her face smeared with soot, her yak

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Disguised as a beggar and a monk, respectively, and carrying a backpack as discreet as possible, Alexandra David-Néel and Yongden then left for the Forbidden City. In order not to betray her status as a foreigner, David-Néel did not dare to take a camera and survey equipment, she hid, however, under

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Femme, mystique et missionnaire : Marie Guyart de l'Incarnation : Tours, 1599-Québec, 1672 : actes du colloque organisé par le Centre d'études Marie-de-l'Incarnation sous les auspices du Centre interuniversitaire d'études québécoises qui s'est tenu à Loretteville, Québec, du 22 au 25

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Yongden died suddenly on 7 October 1955. According to Jacques Brosse, Yongden, seized by a strong fever and sickness, which David-Néel attributed to a simple indigestion, fell into a coma during the night and died carried off by kidney failure according to the doctor's diagnosis. Just having turned

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in his waiting room, whom she would meet again in Japan. The Dalai Lama welcomed her, accompanied by the inevitable interpreter, and he strongly advised her to learn Tibetan, an advice she followed. She received his blessing, then the Dalai Lama engaged the dialogue, asking her how she had become a

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On 4 August 1904, at age 36, she married Philippe Néel de Saint-Sauveur, whose lover she had been since 15 September 1900. Their life together was sometimes turbulent but characterized by mutual respect. It was interrupted by her departure, alone, for her third trip to India (1911–1925) (the second

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While she was in company of Lachen Gomchen Rinpoche, Alexandra David-Néel encountered Sidkeong again on an inspection tour in Lachen on 29 May 1912. These three personalities of Buddhism, thus reunited, reflected and worked together to reform and expand Buddhism, as the Gomchen would declare. For

523:, which mobilized her internal energy to produce heat. As a result of this apprenticeship, her master, the Gomchen of Lachen, gave her the religious name of Yeshe Tome, "Lamp of Wisdom", which proved valuable to her because she was then known by Buddhist authorities everywhere she went in Asia. 970:, who she took as her personal secretary. She would stay with the old lady until the end, "watching over her like a daughter over her mother – and sometimes like a mother over her unbearable child – but also like a disciple at the service of her guru", according to the words of Jacques Brosse. 613:

Upon her return to Sikkim, the British colonial authorities, pushed by missionaries exasperated by the welcome afforded David-Néel by the Panchen Lama and annoyed by her having ignored their ban of entering Tibet, informed her that she was to be deported for violating the no-entry edict.

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After her return, starting at her arrival at Havre on May 10, 1925, she was able to assess the remarkable fame her audacity had earned her. She hit the headlines of the newspapers and her portrait spread in the magazines. The account of her adventure would become the subject of a book,

678: 1347:"ALEXANDRA DAVID-NEEL, Daily Bleed Saint 2001–2008 First woman explorer of Tibet and its mysteries. Successively & simultaneously anarchist, singer, feminist, explorer, writer, lecturer, photographer, buddhist, architect, mail artist, sanskrit grammarian & Centenarian." 906:, who became a friend; they stayed in touch until David-Néel's death. She finally left Asia with Aphur Yongden by airplane, departing from Calcutta in June 1946. On 1 July, they arrived at Paris, where they stayed until October, when they went back to Digne-les-Bains. 952:

With age, David-Néel suffered more and more from articular rheumatism that forced her to walk with crutches. "I walk on my arms", she used to say. Her work rhythm slowed down: she did not publish anything in 1955 and 1956, and, in 1957, only the third edition of the

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When his father was about to die, Sidkeong called Alexandra David-Néel for help, and asked her for advice in bringing about the reform of Buddhism that he wished to implement at Sikkim once he came to power. Returning to Gangtok via Darjeeling and

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with him, a lyric tragedy in one act, for which Haustont composed the music and David-Néel the libretto. She left to sing at the opera of Athens from November 1899 to January 1900. Then, in July of the same year, she went to the opera of

743:, which was published in Paris, London and New York in 1927, but met with disbelief of critics who had a hard time accepting the stories about such practices as levitation and tummo (the increase of body temperature to withstand cold). 2052:

Brigitte Marrec, MCF Civilisation américaine, Université de Paris-X, Nanterre, Groupe F.A.A.A.M., 4 mai 2007, Présentation de l'ouvrage de Sara Mills: Discourses of Difference: an Analysis of Women's Travel Writing and Colonialism, p.

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at Calcutta, where he had been admitted as a member, provided with a letter of introduction by the governor of Bengal, a further link between them. He told her of his pleasure of having been allowed to become a member of this society.

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On 13 July 1916, without asking for permission, Alexandra David-Néel left for Tibet, accompanied by Yongden and a monk. She planned to visit two great religious centers close to her Sikkim retreat: the monastery of Chorten Nyima and

455:. On the occasion of this first encounter, their mutual understanding was immediate: Sidkeong, eager for reformation, was listening to Alexandra David-Néel's advice, and before returning to his occupations, he left behind the Lama 782:

or "fortress of meditation", the first hermitage and Lamaist shrine in France according to Raymond Brodeur. There she wrote several books describing her various trips. In 1929, she published her most famous and beloved work,

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There was correspondence between Sidkeong and Alexandra David-Néel. In a letter by Sidkeong written at Gangtok on 8 October 1912, he thanked her for the meditation method she had sent him. On 9 October, he accompanied her to

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Since before the age of 15, she had been exercising austerities such as fasting and corporal torments drawn from biographies of ascetic saints found in the library of one of her female relatives, to which she refers to in

1356:"At last, in the autumn of 1895, Alexandra landed a ... 31 She spent the next two years touring French Indochina, now Vietnam, appearing in Hanoi, Haiphong, and elsewhere, while performing lead roles in such operas as 606:, one of the biggest cities of southern Tibet. At the monastery of Tashilhunpo, where she arrived on 16 July, she was allowed to consult the Buddhist scriptures and visit various temples. On the 19th, she met with the 450:

Sidkeong, then the spiritual leader of Sikkim, was sent to the meeting with Alexandra David-Néel by his father, the Maharaja of Sikkim, having been told about her arrival in April 1912 by the British resident at

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On 4 January 1914, he gave her, as a gift for the new year, a lamani's (female lama) dress sanctified according to the Buddhist rites. David-Néel had her picture taken with a yellow hat completing the ensemble.

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In 2006, Priscilla Telmon paid tribute to Alexandra David-Néel through an expedition on foot and alone across the Himalaya. She recounted her predecessor's journey from Vietnam to Calcutta via Lhasa. A movie,

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Between 1947 and 1950, Alexandra David-Néel came across Paul Adam – Venerable Aryadeva, she commended him because he took her place on short notice, at a conference held at the Theosophical Society in Paris.

654:. From there, they chose to cross China from east to west, accompanied by a colourful Tibetan Lama. Their journey took several years through the Gobi, Mongolia, before a break of three years (1918–1921) at 271:(The Lamp of Wisdom) in 1896. She was 21 years old. That same year, to refine her English, an indispensable language for an orientalist's career, she went to London where she frequented the library of the 1409:"La famille Macdonald prête des vêtements et achète une nouvelle tenue tibétaine à Alexandra. C'est dans cette robe neuve qu'elle se fera photographier en studio, quelques mois plus tard à Calcutta." 559:

On 10 February 1914, the Maharaja died, and Sidkeong succeeded him. The campaign of religious reform could begin, Kali Koumar, a monk of southern Buddhism was called to participate in it, as well as

778:) to her in 1928. She, who was looking for the sun, visited the house during a rainstorm, but she liked the place and she bought it. Four years later, she began to enlarge the house, called 313:), where she studied piano and singing. To help her parents who were experiencing setbacks, David-Néel, who had obtained a first prize for singing, took the position of first singer at the 6046: 459:

as a guide, interpreter and professor of Tibetan. After that, Sidkeong confided in Alexandra David-Néel that his father wished for him to renounce the throne in favor of his half-brother.

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cemetery in Paris; she never forgot this early encounter with the face of death, from which she first learned of the ferocity of humans. Two years later, the Davids emigrated to Belgium.

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with a friend who had typed her manuscripts. She decided to live alone in a hotel, going from one establishment to the next, until June 1959, when she was introduced to a young woman,

927:("unpublished Tibetan writings"), an anthology of Tibetan literature including, among other things, the erotic poems attributed to the 6th Dalai Lama. In 1953, a newspiece followed, 994:

of the Académie des sports. Although she was not a sportswoman in a strict sense, she is part of the list of the 287 Gloires du sport français (English: Glories of French sport).

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This book is based on extensive interviews with David Neel's secretary at Digne and reading her letters to her husband, now published as "Journal de voyage: lettres a son mari."

571:) came from that same country, David-Néel was in correspondence with her, and Sidkeong married Ma Lat, with Alexandra David-Néel becoming the Maharaja's marriage counselor. 2606: 488:, a professor at the Collège de France. She asked for many additional explanations that the Dalai Lama tried to provide, promising to answer all her questions in writing. 5114: 686:

her rags a compass, a pistol, and a purse with money for a possible ransom. Finally, they reached Lhasa in 1924, merged with a crowd of pilgrims coming to celebrate the

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his son-in-law, captain Perry, obtained for her. In Calcutta, dressed in the new Tibetan outfit Macdonald had bought for her, she got herself photographed in a studio.

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wool mats, and her traditional fur hat, she was finally unmasked (due to too much cleanliness – she went to wash herself every morning at the river) and denounced to

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pointed out that neither the Dalai Lama nor his assistants welcomed David-Néel, that she was neither shown the treasures of lamasery nor awarded a diploma.

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David-Néel, Sidkeong organized a one-week expedition into the high areas of Sikkim, at 5,000 meters (16,000 ft) of altitude, which started on 1 July.

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and anarchist groups greeted her with enthusiasm... Throughout her childhood and adolescence, she was associated with the French geographer and anarchist

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During that time, she wrote for journals and lectured about controversial subjects in the cities of Europe. She advocated in favour of Buddhism,

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87, David-Néel found herself alone. Yongden's ashes were kept safe in the Tibetan oratory of Samten Dzong, awaiting to be thrown into the

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At 78, Alexandra David-Néel returned to France to arrange the estate of her husband, then she started writing from her home in Digne.

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s bibliography), on pp. 110–113 gives an account of his accompanying Ms. Sydney partway back, then putting her under the care of

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and at the Ecole pratique des hautes Etudes (practical school of advanced studies) without ever passing an exam there. According to

2832: 248:(1820–1905). This led her to become interested in the anarchistic ideas of the time and in feminism, that inspired her to publish 6121: 5100: 4621: 4366: 2043:, Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women's Travel Writing and Colonialism, Routledge, 2003, 240 p., en part. pp. 123–150. 589:

by Sidkeong. One month later, she learned about Sidkeong's sudden death, news that affected her and made her think of poisoning.

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According to Raymond Brodeur, she converted to Buddhism in 1889, which she noted in her diary that was published under the title

5991: 5986: 5849: 5183: 5013: 5003: 854:, p. 284, the authors wonder how Mme. David-Néel's secretary, Violet Sydney, made her way back to the West in 1939 after 186: 6101: 6016: 4958: 4611: 4413: 4304: 4249: 2822: 310: 2101: 6141: 6106: 6086: 6041: 4928: 4626: 4309: 2601: 2434: 257: 1483: 6081: 5313: 4511: 4383: 4354: 4056: 1644:(fr) Nico P., Alexandra David-Néel, exploratrice, féministe, anarchiste, Alternative libertaire, no 187, septembre 2009. 480:

Buddhist. David-Néel amused him by claiming to be the only Buddhist in Paris, and surprised him by telling him that the

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at home. She went as far as to accuse David-Néel of having invented the accounts of her voyages and of her studies.

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Shape, the Governor of Lhasa. By the time the latter took action, David-Néel and Yongden had already left Lhasa for

275:, and met several members of the Theosophical Society. The following year, back in Paris, she introduced herself to 228:

At the age of 18, David-Néel had already visited England, Switzerland and Spain on her own, and she was studying in

6146: 6071: 6051: 6026: 6021: 6011: 5996: 5649: 5633: 5628: 5051: 4531: 3493: 2616: 5198: 2965: 933:, in which she gave "a certain and documented opinion" on the tense situation in the regions once visited by her. 6096: 6091: 6076: 6066: 6061: 5243: 4941: 4754: 4744: 4616: 3599: 3179: 2940: 2915: 2089:, quatrième partie, "Des monastères chinois du Wutai Shan aux marches tibétaines : le voyage de 1937 à 1946" 1934:

Hélène Duccini, "La 'gloire médiatique' d'Alexandra David-Néel", Le Temps des médias, 1/2007 (no 8), pp. 130–141.

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Le sortilège du mystère; Faits étranges et gens bizarres rencontrés au long de mes routes d'orient et d'occident

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food throughout her life but whilst traveling in Tibet would often eat meat dishes as a guest at monasteries.

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for a retreat of five years. She was deeply touched by the announcement of the death of her husband in 1941.

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Many of Alexandra David-Neel's books were published more or less simultaneously both in French and English.

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of which was Sidkeong, David-Néel declared she heard a voice announcing to her that the reforms would fail.

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The Secret Lives of Alexandra David-Neel: A Biography of the Explorer of Tibet and Its Forbidden Practices

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In 1871, when David-Néel was two years old, her father Louis David, appalled by the execution of the last

123: 2176: 387: 4998: 4968: 4549: 4481: 4314: 4229: 4224: 4148: 4143: 4061: 2591: 2040: 599: 552:, David-Néel was received like an official figure, with guard of honor, by Sidkeong on 3 December 1913. 80: 5689: 3614: 4131: 3271: 973: 5981: 5976: 5819: 5714: 5704: 5379: 5273: 5228: 5140: 5021: 4988: 4973: 4861: 4491: 4388: 4334: 4219: 4158: 4126: 4121: 4106: 4091: 4081: 4046: 3959: 3651: 3574: 3476: 3345: 3147: 2885: 2877: 2817: 2566: 2533: 2483: 284: 233: 2802: 2729: 1635:(fr) Biographie officielle d'Alexandra David-Néel (5e partie), on the site alexandra-david-neel.org. 719: 690:. They stayed in Lhasa for two months visiting the holy city and the large surrounding monasteries: 5829: 5804: 5248: 4828: 4707: 4541: 4516: 4506: 4466: 4443: 4326: 4299: 4259: 4178: 4168: 4096: 4023: 3454: 3311: 3092: 3070: 3022: 2842: 2642: 2498: 2478: 199: 4690: 5809: 5709: 5679: 5288: 5160: 5145: 5092: 4891: 4796: 4638: 4601: 4596: 4526: 4476: 4423: 4418: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4269: 4254: 4239: 4234: 4173: 4153: 4116: 4041: 3846: 3547: 3471: 3349: 3291: 3132: 3032: 2960: 2935: 2581: 2511: 2392: 1304: 5555: 5472: 5402: 823:

and attended the horrors of war, famine and epidemics. Fleeing the combat, she wandered through

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In 1972, Jeanne Denys, who was at one time working as a librarian for David-Néel, would publish

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as a Chinese monk in disguise a few years earlier. David-Néel and Yongden subsequently left for

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Norwick, Braham (Autumn 1976). "Alexandra David-Neel's Adventures in Tibet: Fact or Fiction?".

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Biographie officielle d'Alexandra David-Néel (6e partie), sur le site alexandra-david-neel.org

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on a shoestring budget. The Chinese journey took course during one and a half years between

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From 1897 to 1900, she was living together with the pianist Jean Haustont in Paris, writing

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Archives : Société théosophique de France – 4, square Rapp à Paris, 7e Arrondissement.

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Westerners in China: A History of Exploration and Trade, Ancient Times Through the Present

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En Chine: L'amour universel et l'individualisme intégral: les maîtres Mo Tsé et Yang Tchou

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Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet and Alexandra David-Neel, November 20, 1961, in Digne-les-Bains.

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in the Netherlands to try and embark for England. Lack of money forced her to give up.

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The Anye Machin peaks are considered to be the abode of the protector god Machin Pomri

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and was looking for a home in the sun and without too many neighbors. An agency from

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Immortalité et réincarnation: Doctrines et pratiques en Chine, au Tibet, dans l'Inde

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Alexandra David-Néel traveled for the second time to India to further her study of

422:. Her marriage started to unravel, as her travels kept her apart from her husband. 151: 3679: 3664: 3624: 2561: 2323: 2098: 1312:- creations of mental powers, David-Néel claimed to have witnessed this in Tibet 1078: 1050: 581:

On 11 November 1914, leaving the cavern of Sikkim where she had gone to meet the

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Alexandra David-Néel, Vie et voyages: Itinéraires géographiques et spirituels

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Back in France, Alexandra David-Néel rented a small house in the hills of

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Journal de voyage; Lettres à son Mari, 14 janvier 1918 – 31 décembre 1940

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Alexandra David-Néel tram station on line 3a of the Île-de-France tramway

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Journal de voyage; Lettres à son Mari, 11 août 1904 – 27 décembre 1917

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One minor mystery relating to Alexandra David-Néel has a solution. In

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Trespassers on the Roof of the World: The Secret Exploration of Tibet

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in Tibet, where David-Néel, helped by Yongden, translated the famous

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In 1937, aged sixty-nine, Alexandra David-Néel decided to leave for

134:, opera singer, and writer. She is most known for her 1924 visit to 291:, her vocation to be an orientalist and Buddhist originated at the 5041: 4876: 4734: 4700: 4680: 4650: 4579: 3996: 3841: 3719: 3714: 3684: 3639: 3486: 3481: 3360: 3065: 2890: 2857: 2847: 1309: 972: 943: 895: 824: 800: 703: 676: 651: 643: 639: 631: 627: 575: 564: 520: 399: 185: 139: 135: 4911: 3704: 3370: 2867: 883: 5096: 2423: 5482: 4569: 3105: 1289:, a 1991 opera loosely based on David-Néel's life and writings 1010:(English: Into Forbidden Tibet), was shot on that expedition. 1470:"A Mystic in Tibet – Alexandra David-Neel" by Brian Haughton. 1452:

Biography of Alexandra David-Néel at alexandra-david-neel.com

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in exile. She received an audience on 15 April 1912, and met

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First trip to Tibet and meeting with the Panchen Lama (1916)

217:

At the age of 15, spending her holidays with her parents at

146:, which was published in 1929. Her teachings influenced the 118:; 24 October 1868 – 8 September 1969) was a Belgian–French 467:

Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup accompanied Alexandra David-Néel to

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In April 1957, she left Samten Dzong in order to live at

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At the suggestion of her father, David-Néel attended the

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Femmes d'aventure : du rêve à la réalisation de soi

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Alexandra David-Neel: Explorer at the Roof of the World

843:. On 4 June 1938, she went back to the Tibetan town of 748:

Alexandra David-Néel au Tibet: une supercherie dévoilée

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cave, she practiced Tibetan yoga. She was sometimes in

1943:

Alexandra David-Néel, Voyage d'une Parisienne à Lhasa.

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La vie Surhumaine de Guésar de Ling le Héros Thibétain

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Magie d'amour et magic noire; Scènes du Tibet inconnu

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Le modernisme bouddhiste et le bouddhisme du Bouddha

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Meeting with the 13th Dalai Lama in Kalimpong (1912)

443:, where she befriended Maharaj Kumar (crown prince) 16:

French explorer, spiritualist and writer (1868–1969)

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Forbidden Journey: The Life of Alexandra David-Neel

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The Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist Sects

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Les Enseignements Secrets des Bouddhistes Tibétains

626:, Alexandra David-Néel and Yongden left Sikkim for 101: 87: 65: 42: 23: 2259: 2217: 1214:L'Inde où j'ai vecu; Avant et après l'indépendence 1554:, mysteriouspeople.com; accessed 19 January 2018. 439:. In 1912, she arrived at the royal monastery of 6047:Converts to Buddhism from atheism or agnosticism 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 622:As it was impossible to return to Europe during 618:Trip to Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, and Tibet 484:, a sacred Tibetan book, had been translated by 2086: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1808: 1624: 1264:Secret Oral Teachings in Tibetan Buddhist Sects 1087:Grand Tibet; Au pays des brigands-gentilshommes 638:who had managed to stay for eighteen months in 574:While she was at the monastery of Phodong, the 795:1937–1946: Chinese journey and Tibetan retreat 5108: 2435: 1977:Jacques Brosse, Alexandra David-Neel, p. 195. 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1238:Vivre au Tibet; Cuisine, traditions et images 894:. In 1945, Alexandra David-Néel went back to 8: 3217:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 2075: 1505: 954: 928: 922: 320:She interpreted the role of the Violetta in 304: 5871:List of modern writers on Eastern religions 2391:. Vol. 1, Nos. 3 & 4., pp. 70–74. 283:and followed different instructions at the 5115: 5101: 5093: 2442: 2428: 2420: 1985: 1983: 1930: 1928: 1552:"A Mystic in Tibet – Alexandra David-Neel" 819:. She found herself in the middle of the 31: 20: 2258:Foster, Barbara; Foster, Michael (1998). 2220:Le Lumineux Destin d'Alexandra David-Néel 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1875: 1609: 1607: 1192:, poetic text based on the principles of 158:, the popularisers of Eastern philosophy 2415:A Mystic in Tibet – Alexandra David-Neel 2036: 2034: 996: 386:). She maintained a pen friendship with 190:Alexandra David-Néel as a teenager, 1886 4404:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 2025: 1712: 1587: 1563: 1538: 1526: 1444: 1322: 1253:. Vol. 2. Ed. Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet 1246:. Vol. 1. Ed. Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet 1197:, translation from Sanskrit into French 1182:Grammaire de la langue tibétaine parlée 1164:Le vieux Tibet face à la Chine nouvelle 1136:, translation from Sanskrit into French 1116:Sous des nuées d'orage; Récit de voyage 1110:Buddhism: Its Doctrines and Its Methods 930:Le vieux Tibet face à la Chine nouvelle 563:(an Englishman) who was then living in 221:, she ran away and reached the port of 4607:List of Buddhist architecture in China 2137: 2116: 2013: 1952: 1887: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1820: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1736: 1724: 1700: 1688: 1665: 1613: 1575: 426:1911–1925: The Indo-Tibetan expedition 116:Louise Eugénie Alexandrine Marie David 47:Louise Eugénie Alexandrine Marie David 1220:Quarante siècles d'expansion chinoise 7: 1919: 1653: 1598: 1079:The Superhuman Life of Gesar of Ling 5655:Robert Chalmers, 1st Baron Chalmers 1056:With Mystics and Magicians in Tibet 977:Road named Alexandra David-Néel in 878:bandits to continue the journey to 37:Alexandra David-Néel in Tibet, 1933 5448:Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche 4394:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 1067:Initiations and Initiates in Tibet 14: 1299:Once Upon a Time... The Explorers 886:David-Néel and Yongden completed 758:1925–1937: The European interlude 5949: 5937: 5925: 5913: 5901: 5889: 5075: 5065: 5064: 4622:Thai temple art and architecture 4367:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 2607:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 2473: 2460: 2450: 2285:A to Z of Women in World History 2266:. New York, NY: Overlook Press. 2239:Désiré-Marchand, Joëlle (2009). 1152:L'Inde hier, aujourd'hui, demain 1122:Au coeur des Himalayas; Le Népal 1033:Voyage d'une Parisienne à Lhassa 858:(Storm Clouds) was completed in 634:. There she met the philosopher 306:Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles 5850:Western philosophy and Buddhism 5184:Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero 2474: 2224:. Librairie académique Perrin. 2066:, Kodansha Globe, 1995, p. 226. 1258:Le Tibet d'Alexandra David-Néel 1045:Mystiques et Magiciens du Tibet 815:. Her aim was to study ancient 785:Mystiques et Magiciens du Tibet 4612:Japanese Buddhist architecture 4414:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 3494:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 2685:Places where the Buddha stayed 1103:Tibetan Tale of Love and Magic 789:Magicians and Mystics in Tibet 673:Incognito stay in Lhasa (1924) 311:Royal Conservatory of Brussels 1: 6117:Belgian women anthropologists 4627:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 1203:La connaissance transcendente 585:, David-Néel was received at 258:Swami Bhaskarananda Saraswati 6127:French women anthropologists 5314:Katukurunde Nyanananda Thera 4384:Buddhism and the Roman world 4360:Decline of Buddhism in India 4355:History of Buddhism in India 2455: Topics in 2328:. Chelsea House Publishers. 2201:. Presses Université Laval. 910:1946–1969: the Lady of Digne 665:David-Néel preferred to eat 6032:Belgian non-fiction writers 5876:List of writers on Buddhism 5194:Charles Henry Allan Bennett 3582:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 3322: 2303:Reverzy, Catherine (2001). 1508:, pp. vii–ix ('Chronology') 990:In 1925, she won the Award 921:In 1952, she published the 770:suggested a small house in 390:and Massenet at that time. 6163: 4532:The unanswerable questions 2282:Kuhlman, Erika A. (2002). 2076:Foster & Foster (1998) 1899:Foster, Barbara M (1987). 1506:Foster & Foster (1998) 1051:Magic and Mystery in Tibet 492:Stay at Lachen (1912–1916) 144:Magic and Mystery in Tibet 5884: 5131: 5060: 4617:Buddhist temples in Korea 3180:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 3083:Three planes of existence 2690:Buddha in world religions 2469: 2194:Brodeur, Raymond (2001). 968:Marie-Madeleine Peyronnet 496:In late May, she went to 486:Phillippe-Édouard Foucaux 471:, where she met with the 182:Early life and background 30: 6037:Tibetan Buddhism writers 5123:Modern Buddhist writers 4399:Persecution of Buddhists 3620:Four stages of awakening 3001:Three marks of existence 2587:Physical characteristics 2372:Middleton, Ruth (1989). 1175:The Power of Nothingness 1158:Textes tibétains inédits 1093:Le lama au cinq sagesses 924:Textes tibétains inédits 821:Second Sino-Japanese War 431:Arrival in Sikkim (1912) 6122:Belgian anthropologists 6112:People from Saint-Mandé 5855:Buddhism and psychology 5463:Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche 3762:Ten principal disciples 2645:(aunt, adoptive mother) 2288:. Infobase Publishing. 2151:"Prix Monique Berlioux" 712:Cesar Della Rosa Bendio 502:Lachen Gomchen Rinpoche 299:1895–1904: Opera singer 5992:20th-century Buddhists 5987:19th-century Buddhists 5845:Alfred North Whitehead 5174:Acharya Buddharakkhita 5125:(19th century to date) 4472:Buddhism and democracy 3985:Tibetan Buddhist canon 3980:Chinese Buddhist canon 3212:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 3207:Early Buddhist schools 2087:Désiré-Marchand (2009) 2002:Désiré-Marchand (2009) 1809:Désiré-Marchand (2009) 1625:Désiré-Marchand (2009) 1002: 982: 955: 949: 929: 923: 856:Sous des nuées d'orage 813:Trans-Siberian Railway 688:Monlam Prayer Festival 682: 445:Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal 333:Les Noces de Jeannette 305: 212:Sous des nuées d'orage 198:, took her to see the 191: 6102:French travel writers 6017:Belgian ethnographers 5750:Westerners influenced 4482:Eight Consciousnesses 2592:Life of Buddha in art 2376:. Boston: Shambhala. 2216:Chalon, Jean (1985). 2104:8 August 2007 at the 1678:Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup 1170:La puissance de néant 1063:Initiations Lamaïques 1000: 976: 956:Initiations lamaïques 947: 890:of the holy mountain 680: 600:Tashilhunpo Monastery 214:, published in 1940. 189: 6142:Women travel writers 6107:French women writers 6087:French ethnographers 6042:Converts to Buddhism 5944:Sri Lanka portal 5820:Ernest Reinhold Rost 5780:Alexandra David-Néel 5715:Fyodor Shcherbatskoy 5705:Caroline Rhys Davids 5380:Kenryu Takashi Tsuji 5274:Walpola Rahula Thero 5229:Anagarika Dharmapala 5141:Buddhism in the West 4959:East Asian religions 4389:Buddhism in the West 3960:Early Buddhist texts 3575:Four Right Exertions 3041:Ten spiritual realms 2534:Noble Eightfold Path 2374:Alexandra David-Neel 2322:Rice, Earle (2004). 1486:18 July 2012 at the 1457:5 March 2014 at the 330:), then she sang in 234:Theosophical Society 112:Alexandra David-Néel 25:Alexandra David-Néel 6082:French centenarians 5956:Thailand portal 5896:Religion portal 5830:Arthur Schopenhauer 5805:Friedrich Nietzsche 5249:Henepola Gunaratana 5082:Religion portal 4829:Temple of the Tooth 4708:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 3747:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 3240:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 3023:Two truths doctrine 2843:Mahapajapati Gotamī 2643:Mahapajapati Gotamī 1715:, pp. 184, 187 1270:La lampe de sagesse 1172:, by Lama Yongden ( 1037:My Journey to Lhasa 902:, French Consul at 741:My Journey to Lhasa 406:1904–1911: Marriage 269:La Lampe de sagesse 60:Saint-Mandé, France 6132:Women centenarians 6057:Explorers of Tibet 6007:Belgian anarchists 5920:Myanmar portal 5810:Henry Steel Olcott 5710:Thomas Rhys Davids 5690:Herbert V. Günther 5680:Walter Evans-Wentz 5289:Rahul Sankrityayan 5199:Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu 5161:Vipassana movement 5146:Buddhist modernism 5004:Western philosophy 4602:Dzong architecture 4424:Vipassana movement 4419:Buddhist modernism 3847:Emperor Wen of Sui 3615:Pratyekabuddhayāna 3548:Threefold Training 3350:Vipassana movement 3066:Hungry Ghost realm 2886:Avidyā (Ignorance) 2833:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 2582:Great Renunciation 2577:Eight Great Events 2459: 2140:, pp. 435–436 2119:, pp. 418–419 1823:, pp. 230–231 1811:, pp. 198–199 1763:, pp. 224–225 1751:, pp. 205–206 1703:, pp. 195–201 1691:, pp. 196–197 1566:, pp. 180–182 1305:Buddhism in France 1003: 983: 981:, suburb of Paris. 950: 872:Forbidden Journey' 708:Swami Asuri Kapila 683: 192: 6147:Himalayan studies 6072:French anarchists 6052:Explorers of Asia 6027:Belgian feminists 6022:Belgian explorers 6012:Belgian Buddhists 5997:Anarcha-feminists 5964: 5963: 5735:K. N. Jayatilleke 5700:George de Roerich 5670:Heinrich Dumoulin 5629:Stephen Batchelor 5586:D. T. Suzuki 5526:Houn Jiyu-Kennett 5413:Anagarika Govinda 5365:Kenneth K. Tanaka 5319:Nyanaponika Thera 5090: 5089: 4728:Om mani padme hum 4434:Women in Buddhism 4350:Buddhist councils 4220:Western countries 4008:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 3769:Shaolin Monastery 3346:Samatha-vipassanā 2956:Pratītyasamutpāda 2760:Metteyya/Maitreya 2678: 2670: 2662: 2654: 2646: 2638: 2630: 2507:Four Noble Truths 2410:Official web site 2389:The Tibet Journal 2344:Stockwell, Foster 2208:978-2-7637-7813-6 1903:. p. 42, p. 305. 1317:Explanatory notes 1131:, Discours sur l' 1008:Au Tibet Interdit 900:Christian Fouchet 868:Land of the Lamas 852:Forbidden Journey 803:with Yongden via 681:In Lhasa in 1924. 315:Hanoi Opera House 285:Collège de France 109: 108: 6154: 6097:French feminists 6092:French explorers 6077:French Buddhists 6067:Female travelers 6062:Female explorers 5954: 5953: 5952: 5942: 5941: 5940: 5932:Nepal portal 5930: 5929: 5928: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5908:India portal 5906: 5905: 5904: 5894: 5893: 5765:Helena Blavatsky 5730:David Kalupahana 5685:Richard Gombrich 5650:Alexander Berzin 5621:Secular Buddhism 5496:Taisen Deshimaru 5458:Thrangu Rinpoche 5244:Joseph Goldstein 5209:Sylvia Boorstein 5126: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5094: 5080: 5079: 5068: 5067: 4907:Sacred languages 4755:Maya Devi Temple 4718:Mahabodhi Temple 4522:Secular Buddhism 4487:Engaged Buddhism 3327: 3175:Tibetan Buddhism 3126:Vietnamese Thiền 2725:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 2676: 2668: 2660: 2652: 2644: 2636: 2628: 2477: 2476: 2464: 2454: 2444: 2437: 2430: 2421: 2361: 2339: 2318: 2299: 2277: 2265: 2254: 2235: 2223: 2212: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2153:. 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Salinger 5822: 5817: 5815:Helena Roerich 5812: 5807: 5802: 5800:Jon Kabat-Zinn 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5756: 5754: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5660:Lokesh Chandra 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5591:Shunryū Suzuki 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5551:Kitaro Nishida 5548: 5546:Taizan Maezumi 5543: 5538: 5533: 5531:Philip Kapleau 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5468:Robert Thurman 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5418:Kelsang Gyatso 5415: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5345:Tanaka Chigaku 5342: 5337: 5333: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5309:Ñāṇavīra Thera 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5284:Sangharakshita 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5259:Stephen Levine 5256: 5254:Jack Kornfield 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5189:B. R. Ambedkar 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5072: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5018: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4639:Greco-Buddhist 4631: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4590:Burmese pagoda 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4546: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4372:Greco-Buddhism 4369: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4305:United Kingdom 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4250:Czech Republic 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4129: 4124: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4028: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4014:Abhidharmadīpa 4011: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3932:B. R. Ambedkar 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3852:Songtsen Gampo 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3545: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3531:Eight precepts 3528: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3319: 3309: 3304: 3302:Five Strengths 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3097: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2941:Mental factors 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2793:Mahamoggallāna 2790: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2708:Avalokiteśvara 2704: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2672: 2664: 2656: 2648: 2640: 2632: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2509: 2503: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2405: 2404:External links 2402: 2401: 2400: 2385: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2356: 2340: 2335:978-1438123967 2334: 2319: 2313: 2300: 2294: 2279: 2272: 2255: 2249: 2236: 2230: 2213: 2207: 2198:septembre 1999 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2168: 2142: 2130: 2121: 2109: 2091: 2079: 2068: 2055: 2045: 2030: 2026:Brodeur (2001) 2018: 2006: 1991: 1979: 1957: 1945: 1936: 1924: 1912: 1909:978-0062503459 1892: 1880: 1861: 1849: 1837: 1825: 1813: 1801: 1789: 1777: 1765: 1753: 1741: 1729: 1717: 1713:Brodeur (2001) 1705: 1693: 1681: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1637: 1628: 1617: 1603: 1591: 1588:Kuhlman (2002) 1580: 1568: 1564:Brodeur (2001) 1556: 1543: 1539:Reverzy (2001) 1531: 1527:Brodeur (2001) 1510: 1491: 1473: 1462: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1393: 1384: 1375: 1366: 1349: 1340: 1331: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1302: 1295: 1290: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1247: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1211: 1205: 1199: 1184: 1179: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1137: 1129:Astagakra Gîtâ 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1070: 1059: 1040: 1029: 1023: 1015: 1012: 987: 984: 979:Massy, Essonne 911: 908: 864:Peter Goullart 796: 793: 759: 756: 720:Jacques Brosse 674: 671: 660:Prajnaparamita 636:Ekai Kawaguchi 619: 616: 594: 591: 493: 490: 482:Gyatcher Rolpa 477:Ekai Kawaguchi 464: 461: 432: 429: 427: 424: 407: 404: 384:Jules Massenet 354:Charles Gounod 328:Giuseppe Verdi 300: 297: 273:British Museum 183: 180: 178: 175: 171:Benjamin Creme 156:Allen Ginsberg 107: 106: 103: 102:Known for 99: 98: 89: 85: 84: 75: 67: 63: 62: 59: 46: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6159: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6137:Women mystics 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5790:Hermann Hesse 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5775:Leonard Cohen 5773: 5771: 5770:Fritjof Capra 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5634:Robert Wright 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5521:Nan Huai-Chin 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5433:Thinley Norbu 5431: 5429: 5428:Namkhai Norbu 5426: 5424: 5423:Tenzin Gyatso 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5385:Marvin Harada 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5370:Gyomay Kubose 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5355:Nikkyō Niwano 5353: 5351: 5350:Daisaku Ikeda 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336:David Brazier 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5304:Bhante Sujato 5302: 5300: 5299:Ajahn Sumedho 5297: 5295: 5294:Ajahn Sucitto 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5204:Bhikkhu Bodhi 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5118: 5113: 5111: 5106: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5071: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4844:Miscellaneous 4841: 4835: 4834:Vegetarianism 4832: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4656:Buddha in art 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4310:United States 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3867:Padmasambhava 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3779:Major figures 3776: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3725:Western tulku 3723: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3526:Five precepts 3524: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3504:Dhamma vicaya 3502: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3272:Buddhābhiṣeka 3270: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2916:Enlightenment 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2906:Dhamma theory 2904: 2902: 2901:Buddha-nature 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 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