416:
467:, which counted Nicolau, Bujor, and Dicescu among its leaders. The Revolutionary Committee worked in close cooperation with the Rumcherod, which provided it with material support. During the following period, two Romanian volunteer battalions were established by recruiting Romanian soldiers in
459:, the Romanian socialists in Odessa saluted the new developments. Becoming increasingly communist in outlook, they also began agitating for a revolution in their home country. Such views were publicly expressed by Nicolau during his speech at the 2nd Congress of
1420:
28:
625:, in Bessarabia and Romania. Such views were however rejected by the Bessarabian Communists who, after gaining the support of the Ukrainian leadership, enforced a cultural policy emphasizing the distinctiveness of Moldovan identity in the newly created
510:
and central Russia, with the members of the Action
Committee either going underground or leaving for Russian areas still under Soviet control. In August 1918, Nicolau, Dicescu, and the other former members of the Action Committee which had reached
1259:
Unc, Gheorghe (1967). "Participarea unităților militare revoluționare române la lupta pentru apărarea Revoluției din
Octombrie" [The participation of the Romanian revolutionary military units in the defence of the October Revolution].
294:. His first contacts with the Romanian socialist movement, still in disarray during that period, came through his membership in the Bucharest's Study Circle of the Socialist Students between 1908 and 1909. Soon after he began writing for
1405:
1350:
519:. The new committee, proclaimed the official representative of the PSDR in Russia, established contacts with the socialists in Bucharest and initiated an outreach campaign amongst the Romanian
328:
to choose a different path and refuse to support the government crackdown on the demands of the workers and the peasant. As a result, in May 1912 he was put under trial before the Court of the
599:
552:. The pamphlet acknowledged the Bolshevik support for the Romanian communists, and called on Romanians to follow the revolutionary path taken by the Russian communists under the leadership of
152:
1435:
637:
424:
353:
166:
1365:
548:, the former organ of the Revolutionary Peasants' Party. In 1919 the Publishing House of the Romanian Communist Groups in Soviet Russia published Nicolau's brochure
1390:
365:
1445:
278:, both of whom would later become known as socialist militants. After finishing his secondary education, Nicolau trained as a lawyer, receiving a degree from the
626:
241:
after a successful prison escape. During the later part of his life he held teaching positions at several Soviet universities, before falling victim to the
1330:
1170:
Matichescu, O. (1967). "Acțiunile revoluționare din Iași desfășurate în cursul lunii Mai 1917" [Revolutionary activities in Iași during May 1917].
1103:[Moldavians or Romanians? Interrelations between the Bessarabians and the Romanian political emigrants before the creation of the Moldavian ASSR].
640:
on fabricated charges of "espionage and involvement in counter-revolutionary terrorist organisations". He was executed on the same day, and buried in the
1415:
1360:
1355:
1385:
1335:
655:
campaign. In a symbolic gesture, his name was also rehabilitated in
Romania during the April 1968 Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the
475:
ports, as well as workers who had been evacuated to
Southern Russia. Between January and March 1918, the volunteers participated along the local
1425:
360:. In order to escape harassment from the authorities, Nicolau chose to leave Romania for Paris, where he continued his law studies at the
1395:
1340:
1325:
614:
537:
170:
1098:
603:
156:
1440:
540:. Nicolau was elected the group's chairman, with another PSDR member, Ion Pența, being elected secretary and representative to the
321:
617:, near the disputed border with Romania. Along with Dicescu, the main author of the document, Nicolau considered Moldovans to be
609:
Nicolau was among the
Romanian Communist refugees in Soviet Russia who in 1924 signed a memorandum calling for the creation of a
528:
1430:
1320:
480:
1375:
1370:
1100:Молдаване или Румыны? Взаимоотношения между бессарабцами и румынскими политэмигрантами накануне создания Молдавской АССР
345:
1400:
267:
570:
Alexandru
Nicolau returned to Romania in 1920, however he was soon apprehended by the authorities, and imprisoned in
463:. In order to help the Soviets secure power in Southern Russia, on December 28, 1917, the committee established the
1380:
1047:
556:. During August 1919, as the Soviets regained Odessa, Nicolau was one of the editors of the short-lived newspaper
541:
357:
1410:
1191:
271:
1213:
656:
415:
578:. The group made a successful bid for escape on the night of December 2, 1920, and, following a short stay in
388:
stance. Nicolau reacted by publishing in Paris a study highly critical of the
Romanian ruling classes, titled
648:
595:
503:
279:
246:
191:
130:
1234:
381:
296:
1251:
1315:
1310:
1159:
The internationalists. Workers of the foreign countries — participants in the battle for Soviet power
590:, he joined the local group of Romanian communists, and participated as a non-voting delegate in the
575:
484:
300:, the main socialist press venue. One of his first notable contributions was his correspondence from
1345:
602:, where he lectured on topics such as history and social sciences, and worked as a teacher for the
476:
405:
361:
134:
1285:
1207:
524:
456:
436:
409:
230:
226:
52:
1108:
337:
1269:
1179:
1162:
1141:
1068:
1064:
583:
652:
641:
349:
341:
333:
234:
182:
97:
384:
and imposed an immediate ban on the local socialist movement, which had adopted a militant
1089:
520:
432:
332:, where he reaffirmed the ideas expressed in the manifesto. Defended by fellow socialists
275:
412:, who believed the situation in Romania was not ripe for the overthrow of the monarchy.
495:
488:
423:
Joining
Rakovsky and Bujor, Nicolau left in June 1917 for Russia, where he entered the
313:
1304:
587:
571:
499:
352:
and others, he represented the
Bucharest Socialist Club at the Fifth Congress of the
291:
238:
392:. Returning to Romania later in the war, he was kept under constant surveillance by
1155:Интернационалисты: Трудящиеся зарубежных стран — Участники борьбы за власть советов
820:
818:
329:
325:
112:
78:
1153:
Manusevich, A. Ya.; Birman, M. A.; Klevanskiy, A. Kh.; et al., eds. (1967).
859:
857:
393:
1107:(in Russian) (20). Tiraspol: Tiraspol School of Political Studies. Archived from
651:
on
September 15, 1956, through a decision of the Soviet Supreme Court during the
633:
558:
408:. Along the other social-democrats, he supported the position of the PSD leader
377:
242:
218:
27:
1421:
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
598:, held in Moscow in June 1921. Nicolau also joined the Romanian section of the
1072:
468:
1273:
1183:
1145:
1230:
618:
610:
591:
472:
460:
305:
263:
210:
206:
48:
1268:(5). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România: 846–862.
1178:(5). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România: 863–880.
1140:(5). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România: 891–904.
523:
in Russia. In late 1918, the Committee joined another Romanian group, the
994:
992:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
622:
582:, most escapees made their way to Moscow. On March 31, 1931, Nicolau was
579:
385:
344:, Nicolau was eventually acquitted by the jury. In June 1912, along with
1281:
1221:
Popescu-Puțuri, Ion; Georgescu, Titu, eds. (1971). "Alexandru Nicolau".
621:, and saw the new polity primarily as a base for propaganda across the
401:
397:
202:
108:
512:
507:
428:
222:
214:
74:
237:. Arrested shortly after returning to Romania in 1920, he left for
553:
414:
301:
287:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
911:
899:
863:
824:
400:
during the revolutionary agitation which emerged during the 1917
1284:[Victims of political terror in the USSR] (in Russian).
636:, Nicolau was sentenced to death on September 27, 1937, by the
1132:
about the revolutionary movement in Romania (1917–1921)].
283:
447:("The Struggle"), which presented itself as the successor of
439:, he was one of the organisers and afterwards leaders of the
419:
Romania volunteer regiment marching in Odessa in January 1918
1128:
despre mișcarea revoluționară din România (1917–1921)" [
1063:] (in Romanian). Vol. IV (2 ed.). Bucharest:
600:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
443:
established in the city. Nicolau also became the editor of
153:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
1406:
Social Democratic Party of Romania (1910–1918) politicians
1351:
French Section of the Workers' International politicians
701:
699:
697:
695:
998:
809:
729:
686:
356:(PSDR), being elected a member in the committee of the
320:. Recalling the army's contribution in suppressing the
1202:] (in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca Socialistă.
487:
which had occupied Bessarabia, as well as against the
229:. There, he became one of the organisers of Romanian
196:
1248:
The labour movement in Romania between 1921 and 1924
1244:
Mișcarea muncitorească din România în anii 1921–1924
249:
both in the Soviet Union and in his native Romania.
638:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR
574:along with a larger group of communists, including
425:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (bolsheviks)
162:
148:
140:
126:
118:
104:
93:
85:
59:
34:
18:
778:
776:
774:
765:
717:
340:and Titel Petrescu, and by socialist sympathizer
441:Romanian Committee for Social-Democratic Action
1196:Socialismul în România: 1835–6 septembrie 1940
506:forced the volunteer battalions to retreat to
308:stance of the local socialist party. In 1911,
144:Lawyer, socialist activist, communist activist
1436:Socialist Republic of Romania rehabilitations
627:Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
544:. Nicolau also began publishing regularly in
404:celebrations and under the impression of the
8:
1200:Socialism in Romania: 1835–September 6, 1940
396:, the secret police. Nicolau was present in
366:French Section of the Workers' International
1022:
201:; January 1889 – September 27, 1937) was a
836:
517:Romanian Communist Revolutionary Committee
26:
15:
753:
586:to death by the Romanian authorities. In
465:Romanian Revolutionary Military Committee
1010:
848:
741:
674:
632:Arrested on August 14, 1937, during the
1366:Prisoners sentenced to death by Romania
705:
667:
1391:Romanian emigrants to the Soviet Union
1205:
529:Romanian Revolutionary Peasants' Party
217:socialist movements before and during
1446:People sentenced to death in absentia
1282:"Жертвы политического террора в СССР"
1097:Galuschenko, Oleg Sergeevich (2009).
1061:The Bucharest of yesteryear 1910–1914
604:Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages
491:armies advancing from the Northwest.
479:in battles against the troops of the
213:activist. Active in the Romanian and
157:Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages
7:
782:
538:Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks)
999:Popescu-Puțuri & Georgescu 1971
923:
887:
875:
810:Popescu-Puțuri & Georgescu 1971
730:Popescu-Puțuri & Georgescu 1971
687:Popescu-Puțuri & Georgescu 1971
615:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
550:The Socialist Revolution in Romania
455:, "The Daily Struggle"). After the
390:The Crime of the Romanian Oligarchy
245:in 1937. His name was posthumously
171:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1331:Saint Sava National College alumni
1223:Purtători de flamuri revoluționare
372:World War I and Russian Revolution
354:Social Democratic Party of Romania
167:Social Democratic Party of Romania
14:
1057:Bucureștii de altă dată 1910–1914
324:, the brochure called on the new
1416:Great Purge victims from Romania
1361:People of the Russian Revolution
1250:] (in Romanian). Bucharest:
1088:] (in Romanian). Bucharest:
1046:] (in Romanian). Bucharest:
198:Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Nikolau
122:Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Nikolau
1356:People of the Russian Civil War
502:troops in the aftermath of the
290:, before being admitted to the
187:Александр Александрович Николау
1386:Romanian expatriates in France
1336:University of Bucharest alumni
1227:Revolutionary standard bearers
1055:Bacalbașa, Constantin (1936).
1040:Calendarul Muncei pe anul 1913
613:national territory inside the
233:detachments in support of the
1:
266:in 1889. As a student at the
1426:Burials at Donskoye Cemetery
1161:] (in Russian). Moscow:
1048:Cercul de Editură Socialistă
542:Federation of Foreign Groups
494:The occupation of Odessa by
346:Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea
1242:Stănescu, Marin C. (1971).
481:Ukrainian People's Republic
197:
1462:
1396:Romanian newspaper editors
1341:University of Paris alumni
1326:Politicians from Bucharest
1262:Studii. Revistă de istorie
1192:Petrescu, Constantin Titel
1172:Studii. Revistă de istorie
1134:Studii. Revistă de istorie
1080:Cruceanu, Mihail (1973).
272:Constantin Titel Petrescu
186:
25:
1441:Inmates of Jilava Prison
1154:
1099:
657:Romanian Communist Party
534:Romanian Communist group
376:In 1916, Romania joined
358:party's publishing house
1082:De vorbă cu trecutul...
596:Communist International
504:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
431:and, along with Bujor,
280:University of Bucharest
258:Early life and activity
131:University of Bucharest
1431:Soviet rehabilitations
1321:Lawyers from Bucharest
1086:Talking to the past...
984:Manusevich et al. 1967
972:Manusevich et al. 1967
960:Manusevich et al. 1967
948:Manusevich et al. 1967
936:Manusevich et al. 1967
912:Manusevich et al. 1967
900:Manusevich et al. 1967
864:Manusevich et al. 1967
825:Manusevich et al. 1967
766:Calendarul Muncei 1913
718:Calendarul Muncei 1913
420:
268:Saint Sava High School
1229:] (in Romanian).
1124:Liveanu, V. (1967). "
584:sentenced in absentia
532:, to form an unified
418:
322:1907 Peasants' revolt
1212:: CS1 maint: year (
647:He was posthumously
592:Third World Congress
576:Alecu Constantinescu
566:Later life and death
451:(renamed in 1914 to
312:published Nicolau's
262:Nicolau was born in
1371:Romanian communists
1235:Editura Științifică
1111:on 21 February 2014
1044:Labour almanac 1913
950:, pp. 414–415.
938:, pp. 413–414.
851:, pp. 292–293.
744:, pp. 245–246.
732:, pp. 269–271.
689:, pp. 267–268.
406:February Revolution
380:on the side of the
135:University of Paris
86:Cause of death
1401:Romanian pacifists
457:October Revolution
449:România Muncitoare
421:
410:Christian Rakovsky
310:România Muncitoare
304:, criticising the
297:România Muncitoare
63:September 27, 1937
53:Kingdom of Romania
1381:Romanian escapees
1105:Приднестровье XXI
1065:Editura Universul
364:, and joined the
195:
179:Alexandru Nicolau
176:
175:
20:Alexandru Nicolau
1453:
1411:Soviet educators
1376:Scînteia editors
1296:
1294:
1292:
1277:
1255:
1252:Editura Politică
1238:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1187:
1166:
1149:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1093:
1076:
1051:
1026:
1023:Galuschenko 2009
1020:
1014:
1008:
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996:
987:
981:
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957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
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840:
834:
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786:
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769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
690:
684:
678:
672:
653:De-Stalinisation
642:Donskoy Cemetery
634:Stalinist purges
525:radical agrarian
471:and the Russian
427:. He settled in
350:Ecaterina Arbore
342:Constantin Mille
334:Mihail Gh. Bujor
270:, he befriended
227:1917 Revolutions
200:
190:
188:
119:Other names
98:Donskoy Cemetery
70:
68:
45:
43:
30:
16:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1264:(in Romanian).
1258:
1241:
1220:
1204:
1190:
1174:(in Romanian).
1169:
1156:
1152:
1136:(in Romanian).
1123:
1114:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1090:Editura Minerva
1079:
1054:
1038:
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1029:
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862:
855:
847:
843:
837:Matichescu 1967
835:
831:
823:
816:
808:
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772:
764:
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752:
748:
740:
736:
728:
724:
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712:
704:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
665:
568:
546:Foaia țăranului
433:Ion Dic Dicescu
374:
318:To the recruits
314:anti-militarist
276:Mihail Cruceanu
260:
255:
169:
163:Political party
155:
133:
127:Alma mater
81:
72:
66:
64:
55:
46:
41:
39:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1459:
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1449:
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1121:
1094:
1077:
1052:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1003:
1001:, p. 272.
988:
986:, p. 419.
976:
974:, p. 418.
964:
962:, p. 416.
952:
940:
928:
926:, p. 849.
916:
914:, p. 412.
904:
902:, p. 411.
892:
890:, p. 848.
880:
878:, p. 847.
868:
853:
841:
839:, p. 870.
829:
827:, p. 410.
814:
812:, p. 271.
787:
770:
758:
754:Bacalbașa 1936
746:
734:
722:
710:
708:, p. 895.
691:
679:
677:, p. 131.
666:
664:
661:
567:
564:
489:Central Powers
483:, the regular
373:
370:
259:
256:
254:
251:
221:, he left for
174:
173:
164:
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150:
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128:
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123:
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101:
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91:
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73:
71:(aged 48)
61:
57:
56:
47:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1058:
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1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1013:, p. 61.
1012:
1011:Stănescu 1971
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
980:
977:
973:
968:
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932:
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896:
893:
889:
884:
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877:
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869:
866:, p. 67.
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
849:Petrescu n.d.
845:
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
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806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
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794:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
775:
771:
768:, p. 65.
767:
762:
759:
756:, p. 95.
755:
750:
747:
743:
742:Petrescu n.d.
738:
735:
731:
726:
723:
720:, p. 89.
719:
714:
711:
707:
702:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
683:
680:
676:
675:Cruceanu 1973
671:
668:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
649:rehabilitated
645:
643:
639:
635:
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588:Soviet Russia
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