259:. At this period, the preceptors of the Tsarevich had the highest opinion of his ability. Alexei had strong leanings towards archaeology and ecclesiology. However, Peter had wished his son and heir to dedicate himself to the service of new Russia, and demanded from him unceasing labour in order to maintain Russia's new wealth and power. Painful relations between father and son, quite apart from the prior personal antipathies, were therefore inevitable. It was an additional misfortune for Alexei that his father should have been too busy to attend to him just as he was growing up from boyhood to manhood. He was left in the hands of reactionary boyars and priests, who encouraged him to hate his father and wish for the death of the Tsar.
69:
445:
263:
333:
397:. On the day of the funeral, Peter sent Alexei a stern letter, urging him to take interest in the affairs of the state. Peter threatened to cut him off if he did not acquiesce in his father's plans. Alexei wrote a pitiful reply to his father, offering to renounce the succession in favour of his infant son Peter. Peter would agree but on the condition that Alexei remove himself as a dynastic threat and become a monk.
1121:
1284:
1227:
219:. Alexei despised his father and repeatedly thwarted Peter's plans to raise him as successor to the throne, to continue his policies. His brief defection to Austria scandalized the Russian government, leading to harsh reprisals against Alexei and his associates. Alexei died after interrogation under torture, and his younger half brother
298:). He met with Princess Charlotte, both were pleased with each other and the marriage went forward. In theory, Alexei could have refused the marriage, and he had been encouraged by his father to at least meet his intended. "Why haven't you written to tell me what you thought about her?" wrote Peter in a letter dated 13 August 1710.
231:
The young Alexei was brought up by his mother, who fostered an atmosphere of disdain towards his father, the Tsar. Alexei's relations with his father suffered from the hatred between his father and his mother, as it was very difficult for him to feel affection for his mother's worst persecutor. From
530:
At noon on 24 June (O.S.), the temporal dignitaries – the 126 members of both the Senate and magistrates that comprised the court – declared Alexei guilty and sentenced him to death. Still, Peter was so desperate to uncover any possible collusion that the examination by torture continued.
498:
Despite this and other hearsay evidence, there was no direct evidence. The worst that could be brought against him was that he had wished his father's death. In the eyes of Peter, his son was now a self-convicted and dangerous traitor, whose life was forfeit. However, his father had sworn to pardon
489:
and choose myself new ones according to my will; when I become sovereign I shall live in Moscow and leave Saint
Petersburg simply as any other town; I won't launch any ships; I shall maintain troops only for defense, and won't make war on anyone; I shall be content with the old domains. In winter I
392:
to see to the building of new ships. This was the last commission entrusted to him, since Peter had not been satisfied with his son's performance and his lack of enthusiasm. When Peter asked Alexei to show his progress in mechanics and mathematics, the son responded by shooting himself in the right
465:
Alexei would only consent to return if his father swore that if he came back, he would not be punished and would be allowed to live quietly on his estates and marry
Afrosinia. On 31 January 1718, the tsarevich reached Moscow. Peter had already determined to institute an inquisition in order to
305:, Germany, on 14 October 1711 (O.S.). One of the terms of the marriage contract agreed to by Alexei was that while any forthcoming children were to be raised in the Orthodox faith, Charlotte herself was allowed to retain her Protestant faith, an agreement opposed by Alexei's followers.
523:... had placed his Confidence in those who loved the ancient Customs, and that he had become acquainted with them by the Discourses they held, wherein they had constantly praised the ancient Manners, and spoke with Distaste of the Novelties his Father had introduced.
432:, whom he consulted on this delicate affair. Peter felt insulted: the flight of the tsarevich to a foreign potentate was a reproach and a scandal, and he had to be recovered and brought back to Russia at all costs. This difficult task was accomplished by Count
308:
As for the marriage itself, the first 6 months went well but quickly became a failure within the next 6 months. Alexei was drunk constantly and pronounced his bride "pock-marked" and "too thin". He insisted on separate apartments and ignored her in public.
466:
understand the reasons for Alexei's flight. On 18 February a confession was extorted from Alexei which implicated most of his friends, and he then publicly renounced the succession to the throne in favour of the baby grand-duke Peter
Alexeyevich.
238:
371:
to live in the palace. Some historians speculate that it was his conservative powerbase's disapproval of his foreign, non-Orthodox bride, more so than her appearance, that caused Alexei to spurn
Charlotte. Another influence was
484:
In April 1718 fresh confessions were extorted from, and in regard to, Alexei. This included the words of
Afrosinia, who had turned state's evidence. "I shall bring back the old people ...", Alexei is reported to have told her,
546:, two days after the senate had condemned him to death for conspiring rebellion against his father, and for hoping for the cooperation of the common people and the armed intervention of his brother-in-law, Emperor Charles VI.
449:
428:. He was accompanied throughout his journey by Afrosinia. That the emperor sincerely sympathized with Alexei, and suspected Peter of harbouring murderous designs against his son, is plain from his confidential letter to
393:
hand, and Peter took no more interest in him. Nevertheless, Peter made one last effort to reclaim his son. On 22 October 1715 (O.S.), Charlotte died, after giving birth to a son, the grand-duke Peter, the future
Emperor
2221:
316:
to superintend the provisioning of the
Russian troops in Poland. For the next twelve months Alexei was kept constantly on the move. His wife joined him at Toruń in December, but in April 1712 a peremptory
344:
1768:
1697:
1788:
156:
2016:
1302:
2211:
481:, or otherwise tortured to death. Alexei's servants were beheaded or had their tongues cut out. All this was done to terrorize the reactionaries and isolate the tsarevich.
2201:
2231:
2196:
287:
125:
1763:
1753:
1988:
1748:
1718:
1570:
1259:
1824:
1692:
1793:
1758:
1728:
1468:
1145:
1136:
1834:
1778:
1496:
2191:
1883:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1783:
1738:
1733:
1661:
1490:
1446:
1919:
1844:
1803:
1798:
1702:
1877:
1743:
1502:
28:
2119:
2109:
2104:
1773:
1671:
1358:
1352:
283:
469:
A brutal reign of terror ensued, in the course of which the ex-tsaritsa
Eudoxia was dragged from her monastery and publicly tried for alleged
1860:
1854:
255:
In 1703, Alexei was ordered to follow the army to the field as a private in an artillery regiment. In 1704, he was present at the capture of
2206:
444:
1231:
68:
2021:
1308:
2226:
1981:
1563:
1252:
1063:
1901:
2150:
220:
282:
for one year. There, he finished lessons in French, German, mathematics and fortification. After his education, Alexei married
232:
the ages of 6 to 9, Alexei was educated by his tutor
Vyazemsky, but after the removal of his mother by Peter the Great to the
2216:
409:
291:
262:
1579:
728:
702:
527:
Declaring this to be a civil rather than an ecclesiastical matter, the clergy left the matter to the tsar's own decision.
35:
2181:
1974:
1556:
1245:
898:
400:
While Alexei was pondering his options, on 26 August 1716 Peter wrote from abroad, urging him, if he desired to remain
2047:
1520:
was used for all Tsar's sons from the times of Ivan IV to Peter I. Only heirs to the throne included in this template.
1338:
499:
him and let him live in peace if he returned to Russia. The whole matter was solemnly submitted to a grand council of
844:
286:, whose family was connected by marriage to many of the great families of Europe (for example, Charlotte's sister
2186:
429:
105:
74:
1269:
243:, Alexei was confined to the care of educated foreigners, who taught him history, geography, mathematics and
1935:
1723:
1475:
539:
332:
325:, and in the autumn of the same year he was forced to accompany his father on a tour of inspection through
1687:
1461:
1212:
233:
1819:
1656:
1483:
1439:
508:
275:
2176:
2171:
2114:
1666:
1453:
1380:
1365:
538:, and then, on 24 June (O.S.), he was subject to fifteen more. On 26 June (O.S.), Alexei died in the
2068:
1624:
1412:
1330:
582:
2026:
1619:
1315:
1174:
1132:
640:
608:
394:
368:
358:
350:
161:
376:, a high-placed official who had fallen out with the Tsar and had been deprived of his estates.
1956:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke
Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
1949:
title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
1523:
1404:
1278:
1059:
666:
458:
361:
in 1727. With his death in 1730, the direct male-line of the House of Romanov became extinct.
295:
216:
196:
148:
2124:
2088:
2079:
2031:
1640:
1537:
1431:
1373:
1345:
1323:
543:
504:
365:
176:
2129:
1589:
1533:
373:
244:
212:
186:
1287:
534:
On 19 June (O.S.), the weak and ailing tsarevich received twenty-five strokes with the
478:
404:, to join him and the army without delay. Rather than face this ordeal, Alexei fled to
113:
109:
2165:
2059:
2007:
1140:
1127:
433:
385:
413:
421:
274:
to collect supplies and recruits, and after that to Moscow to fortify it against
389:
17:
384:
Immediately on his return from Finland, Alexei was dispatched by his father to
1237:
474:
454:
364:
After the birth of Natalia in 1714, Alexei brought his long-time Finnish serf
39:
301:
The marriage contract was signed in September. The wedding was celebrated at
1997:
1527:
1283:
1149:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 578–580.
512:
491:
401:
322:
208:
408:
and placed himself under the protection of his brother-in-law, the emperor
1526:'s son from his fifth (or seventh) marriage, and thus illegitimate by the
1226:
470:
313:
271:
1966:
1548:
450:
Peter the Great Interrogating the Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich at Peterhof
500:
326:
279:
171:
1942:
of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
516:
425:
417:
405:
302:
88:
312:
Three weeks later, the bridegroom was hurried away by his father to
1215:, The Romanovs 1613–1918 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2016).
1939:
1126:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
535:
443:
331:
318:
261:
256:
1970:
1552:
1241:
2222:
Burials at Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
1202:(2 vols.), (1723; reprint, London: Frank Cass and Co, 1968).
1080:. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 123.
436:, the most subtle and unscrupulous of Peter's servants.
1160:
Grey, Ian. "Peter the Great and the Tsarevich Alexei"
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
519:, for their part, declared that the Tsarevich Alexei
126:
Duchess Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1209:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998).
2138:
2097:
2077:
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2040:
2005:
1911:
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1870:
1812:
1711:
1680:
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1633:
1612:
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1423:
1396:
1295:
192:
182:
170:
147:
119:
95:
82:
77:, c. 1712–16, Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg
54:
558:Ancestors of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia
1164:(Nov 1974), Vol. 24 Issue 11, pp 754–764, online.
1934:born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by
207:(28 February 1690 – 26 June 1718) was a Russian
357:Peter Alexeyevich would succeed as the Emperor
1982:
1564:
1253:
8:
284:Princess Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2212:18th-century people from the Russian Empire
1193:Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia
2050:(pretendent, murdered at the age of three)
1989:
1975:
1967:
1571:
1557:
1549:
1260:
1246:
1238:
563:
554:
157:Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia
51:
2202:Russian people who died in prison custody
211:. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar
2232:Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress
2197:Prisoners who died in Russian detention
1011:
490:shall live in Moscow, and in summer in
412:, who sent him for safety first to the
140: 1711; died 1715)
29:Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia
1754:Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich
801:
797:
787:
682:
572:
568:
1764:Grand Duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich
958:
955:
945:
932:
922:
918:
914:
902:
896:
886:
874:
864:
860:
848:
842:
832:
819:
809:
805:
784:Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia
781:
771:
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664:
654:
638:
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612:
606:
596:
580:
576:
278:. At the end of 1709, Alexei went to
205:Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia
7:
1207:Russia in the Age of Peter the Great
1102:
1090:
1042:
340:He had two children with Charlotte:
1749:Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich
1186:Peter the Great, His Life and World
1058:, p. 115. Penguin Books, New York.
353:(23 October 1715 – 30 January 1730)
1825:Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich
1693:Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich
1588:The generations are numbered from
1171:(London: Thames and Hudson, 1978).
25:
1794:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich
1759:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich
1729:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
266:Grand Duchess Charlotte of Russia
2192:Heirs apparent who never acceded
1835:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
1779:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich
1719:Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich
1662:Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich
1282:
1225:
1119:
1076:Sebag Montefiore, Simon (2016).
641:Yevdokiya Lukyanovna Streshnyova
420:), and finally to the castle of
347:(21 July 1714 – 3 December 1728)
67:
27:For the son of Nicholas II, see
1884:Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich
1861:Grand Duke John Konstantinovich
1850:Grand Duke Andrew Vladimirovich
1840:Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich
1830:Grand Duke George Alexandrovich
1784:Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich
1769:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
1739:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
1734:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich
1698:Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
956:7. Ustinya Bogdanovna Rtischeva
321:ordered him off to the army in
137:
1920:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
1878:Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
1845:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich
1804:Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich
1799:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich
1789:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
1703:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich
270:In 1708, Peter sent Alexei to
223:became the new heir apparent.
1:
1744:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich
1188:(New York: Ballantine, 1981).
820:12. Abraham Nikitich Lopukhin
759:11. Anna Leontyevna Leontyeva
729:Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
703:Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin
292:Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI
36:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1902:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
1774:Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich
1672:Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich
1179:The First Romanovs 1613–1725
1056:A Treasure of Royal Scandals
899:Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina
515:on 13 June 1718 (O.S.). The
416:fortress of Ehrenberg (near
2207:17th-century Russian people
1855:Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich
1200:The Present State of Russia
345:Natalia Alexeievna Romanova
2248:
1604:Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
1232:Alexey Petrovich of Russia
1195:(London: 1950), pp 91–100.
1054:Farquhar, Michael (2001).
845:Feodor Abramovich Lopukhin
799:
676:
570:
34:In this name that follows
33:
26:
2139:3rd generation (Romanovs)
2098:2nd generation (Romanovs)
2041:2nd generation (Rurikids)
1929:
1586:
1512:
1276:
939:
920:
916:
908:
880:
862:
854:
826:
807:
803:
765:
746:
738:
710:
688:
684:
648:
626:
618:
590:
574:
473:. Friends of Alexei were
430:George I of Great Britain
351:Peter Alexeyevich Romanov
106:Petropavlovskaya fortress
75:Johann Gottfried Tannauer
66:
59:
2227:Sons of Russian emperors
1198:Fredrick Charles Weber,
2115:Feodor III Alekseyevich
2032:Dmitry Ivanovich (1582)
2017:Dmitry Ivanovich (1552)
1146:Encyclopædia Britannica
540:Peter and Paul fortress
1213:Simon Sebag Montefiore
525:
496:
462:
453:, history painting by
337:
267:
73:Portrait of Alexei by
2217:Tsareviches of Russia
1580:Grand Dukes of Russia
1397:Without special title
1167:Matthew S. Anderson,
521:
487:
447:
335:
276:Charles XII of Sweden
265:
2130:Peter I Alekseyevich
2069:Feodor II Borisovich
1234:at Wikimedia Commons
234:Intercession Convent
215:and his first wife,
2182:Royalty from Moscow
2125:Ivan V Alekseyevich
2110:Alexei Alekseyevich
1133:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1093:, pp. 579–580.
933:14. Bogdan Rtischev
583:Michael I of Russia
479:broken on the wheel
61:Tsarevich of Russia
49:Tsarevich of Russia
2120:Simeon Alexeyevich
2105:Dmitry Alexeyevich
2027:Feodor I Ivanovich
2006:1st generation (
1184:Robert K. Massie,
1175:Robert Nisbet Bain
609:Alexis I of Russia
463:
338:
268:
162:Peter II of Russia
2159:
2158:
2078:1st generation (
2058:1st generation (
2048:Ivan Dmitriyevich
1964:
1963:
1590:Peter I of Russia
1546:
1545:
1279:Tsardom of Russia
1230:Media related to
1137:Alexius Petrovich
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
667:Peter I of Russia
459:Tretyakov Gallery
296:Habsburg monarchy
217:Eudoxia Lopukhina
202:
201:
197:Eudoxia Lopukhina
187:Peter I of Russia
16:(Redirected from
2239:
2187:House of Romanov
2146:Alexei Petrovich
2089:Alexei I Romanov
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1538:tsarevich Dmitry
1286:
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1255:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1205:Lindsey Hughes,
1150:
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544:Saint Petersburg
242:
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114:Empire of Russia
102:
86:28 February 1690
71:
55:Alexei Petrovich
52:
21:
18:Alexis Petrovich
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2151:Peter Petrovich
2134:
2093:
2073:
2053:
2036:
2001:
1995:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1933:
1925:
1912:10th generation
1907:
1889:
1866:
1808:
1707:
1676:
1645:
1629:
1608:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1547:
1542:
1508:
1419:
1392:
1291:
1272:
1266:
1222:
1181:(London, 1905).
1169:Peter the Great
1157:
1155:Further reading
1131:
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1022:
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1008:
1003:
552:
442:
382:
374:Alexander Kikin
294:, ruler of the
290:was married to
253:
251:Military career
236:
229:
221:Peter Petrovich
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143:
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128:
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50:
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32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Ivan Ivanovich
2019:
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1971:
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1926:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
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1905:
1897:
1895:
1894:9th generation
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1871:8th generation
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
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1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1813:7th generation
1810:
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1801:
1796:
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1713:
1712:6th generation
1709:
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1700:
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1690:
1684:
1682:
1681:5th generation
1678:
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1650:4th generation
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1634:3rd generation
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1613:2nd generation
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1597:1st generation
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1113:Attribution:
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101:(1718-06-26)
99:26 June 1718
60:
43:
2177:1718 deaths
2172:1690 births
1998:Tsareviches
1820:Nicholas II
1657:Alexander I
1499:(1899–1904)
1443:(1796–1801)
1389:(1690–1718)
1334:(1598–1605)
1296:Tsareviches
1290:(1721–1917)
1018:Grey, 1974.
513:dignitaries
390:Lake Ladoga
237: [
2166:Categories
1667:Nicholas I
1447:Konstantin
1006:References
511:and other
455:Nikolai Ge
410:Charles VI
40:patronymic
2000:of Russia
1625:Peter III
1532:Son of a
1528:canon law
1518:Tsarevich
1516:Title of
1505:(1904–17)
1493:(1894–99)
1487:(1881–94)
1479:(1865–81)
1476:Alexander
1471:(1855–65)
1465:(1825–55)
1462:Alexander
1457:(1823–25)
1449:(1801–23)
1440:Alexander
1435:(1762–96)
1416:(1742–62)
1377:(1676–81)
1369:(1670–76)
1361:(1654–70)
1355:(1648–49)
1349:(1629–45)
1319:(1581–84)
1311:(1554–81)
1305:(1552–53)
1135:(1911). "
1103:Bain 1911
1091:Bain 1911
1043:Bain 1911
509:ministers
492:Iaroslavl
422:Sant'Elmo
402:tsarevich
369:Afrosinia
323:Pomerania
288:Elizabeth
227:Childhood
209:Tsarevich
44:Petrovich
2080:Romanovs
2060:Godunovs
2008:Rurikids
1620:Peter II
1484:Nicholas
1469:Nicholas
1454:Nicholas
550:Ancestry
505:senators
501:prelates
471:adultery
461:, Moscow
457:, 1871,
414:Tirolean
395:Peter II
366:mistress
359:Peter II
272:Smolensk
91:, Russia
1524:Ivan IV
1497:Michael
1143:(ed.).
1130::
475:impaled
327:Finland
280:Dresden
213:Peter I
177:Romanov
142:
134:
130:
1641:Paul I
1503:Alexei
1491:George
1408:(1740)
1387:Alexei
1383:(1681)
1366:Feodor
1359:Alexis
1353:Dmitry
1346:Alexis
1331:Feodor
1324:Dmitry
1316:Feodor
1303:Dmitry
1139:". In
1124:
1062:
517:clergy
440:Return
426:Naples
418:Reutte
406:Vienna
380:Flight
303:Torgau
245:French
193:Mother
183:Father
120:Spouse
89:Moscow
38:, the
1940:ukase
1413:Peter
536:knout
319:ukase
314:Toruń
257:Narva
241:]
172:House
149:Issue
136:(
132:
1432:Paul
1405:Ivan
1381:Ilya
1374:Ivan
1339:Ivan
1309:Ivan
1060:ISBN
701:10.
388:and
96:Died
83:Born
1938:'s
1534:man
897:3.
843:6.
782:1.
727:5.
665:2.
639:9.
607:4.
581:8.
542:in
424:at
42:is
2168::
1177:,
1023:^
507:,
503:,
477:,
329:.
247:.
239:ru
138:m.
112:,
108:,
2082:)
2062:)
2010:)
1990:e
1983:t
1976:v
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
1261:e
1254:t
1247:v
1066:.
494:.
46:.
31:.
20:)
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