613:, mother of Irene Doukaina. Botaneiates allowed them to be treated as refugees rather than as guests. They were allowed to have family members bring in their own food and were on good terms with the guards from whom they learned the latest news. Anna was highly successful in three important aspects of the revolt: she bought time for her sons to steal imperial horses from the stables and escape the city; she distracted the emperor, giving her sons time to gather and arm their troops; and she gave a false sense of security to Botaneiates that there was no real treasonous plot against him. After bribing the Western troops guarding the city, Isaac and Alexios Komnenos entered the capital victoriously on 1 April 1081.
579:. From there she negotiated with the emperor for the safety of family members left in the capital, while protesting her sons' innocence of hostile actions. Under the falsehood of making a vesperal visit to worship at the church, she deliberately excluded the grandson of Botaneiates and his loyal tutor, met with Alexios and Isaac, and fled for the forum of Constantine. The tutor discovered they were missing and eventually found them on the palace grounds, but Anna was able to convince him that they would return to the palace shortly. Then to gain entrance to both the outer and inner sanctuary of the church, the women pretended to the gatekeepers that they were pilgrims from
1512:
563:
987:
559:
only five years older than he. Maria was persuaded to do so on the advice of her own "Alans" and her eunuchs, who had been instigated by Isaac
Komnenos. Given Anna's tight hold on her family, Alexios must have been adopted with her implicit approval. As a result, Alexios and Constantine, Maria's son, were now adoptive brothers, and both Isaac and Alexios took an oath that they would safeguard his rights as emperor. By secretly giving inside information to the Komnenoi, Maria was an invaluable ally.
1334:
1028:
a sane and trusted regent in his absence. Alexios was never happier than when taking part in military exercises and he assumed personal command of his troops whenever possible. As such, Dalassene was the effective administrator of the Empire during
Alexios' long absences in military campaigns: she was constantly at odds with her daughter-in-law and had assumed total responsibility for the upbringing and education of her granddaughter Anna Komnene.
1367:
1227:
856:, fleeing from hunger in their home regions to a promised land of milk and honey. Not quite ready to supply this number of people as they traversed his territories, the emperor saw his Balkan possessions subjected to further pillage at the hands of his own allies. Eventually Alexios dealt with the People's Crusade by hustling them on to Asia Minor. There, they were massacred by the Turks of
797:
1345:
tradition of imperial exclusivity and co-opted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government. Those who did not become part of this extended family were deprived of power and prestige. This measure, which was intended to diminish opposition, was paralleled by the introduction of new courtly dignities, like that of
598:
584:
sons were loyal subjects (Alexios and Isaac were discovered absent without leave), and had learned of a plot by enemies of the
Komnenoi to have them both blinded and had, therefore, fled the capital so they may continue to be of loyal service to the emperor. She refused to go with them and demanded that they allow her to pray to the
1217:, the conspirators produced pamphlets that mocked and slandered the empress, and left them in her tent. A search for the author of the publications uncovered the whole plot, yet Aron was only banished due to his connection to the royal line of Bulgaria, whose blood also flowed in the veins of the empress Irene.
583:
who had spent all their funds and wanted to worship before starting their return trip. However, before they were to gain entry into the sanctuary, Straboromanos and royal guards caught up with them to summon them back to the palace. Anna then protested that the family was in fear for their lives, her
1027:
instead of the rightful claimant to the title, his wife Irene
Doukaina. Anna Dalassene's ability to help him seize power and control the aristocracy, as well as her ability to understand and resolve dilemmas, assured Alexius that her mother was a capable counsel and managing partner by his side, and
648:
was born in 1087: Anna's engagement to
Constantine was dissolved, and she was moved to the main Palace to live with her mother and grandmother. Alexios became estranged from Maria, who was stripped of her imperial title and retired to a monastery, and Constantine Doukas was deprived of his status as
592:
She was allowed to enter. As if she were weighed down with old age and worn out by grief, she walked slowly and when she approached the actual entrance to the sanctuary made two genuflections; on the third she sank to the floor and taking firm hold of the sacred doors, cried in a loud voice: "Unless
1052:
Apart from all of his external enemies, a host of rebels also sought to overthrow
Alexios from the imperial throne, thereby posing another major threat to his reign. Due to the troubled times the empire was enduring, he had by far the greatest number of rebellions against him of all the Byzantine
628:
Doukas and his successor
Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and who was renowned for her beauty. Alexios arranged for Maria to stay on the palace grounds, and it was thought that he was considering marrying her. However, his mother consolidated the Doukas family connection by arranging the Emperor's
608:
Nikephoros III Botaneiates was forced into a public vow that he would grant protection to the family. Straboromanos tried to give Anna his cross, but for her it was not large enough for all bystanders to witness the oath. She also demanded that the cross be personally sent by
Botaneiates as a
558:
The empress was already closely connected to the
Komnenoi through Maria's cousin Irene's marriage to Isaac Komnenos, so the Komnenoi brothers were able to see her under the pretense of a friendly family visit. Furthermore, to aid the conspiracy Maria had adopted Alexios as her son, though she was
1344:
Alexios I had overcome dangerous crises and stabilized the
Byzantine Empire, inaugurating a century of imperial prosperity and success. He had also profoundly altered the nature of the Byzantine government. By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the
807:
By the time Alexios ascended the throne, the Seljuqs had taken most of Asia Minor. Alexios was able to secure much of the coastal regions by sending peasant soldiers to raid the Seljuq camps, but these victories were unable to stop the Turks altogether. He also got military support from Western
1357:
given to the emperor's brother Isaac Komnenos. Although this policy met with initial success, it gradually undermined the relative effectiveness of imperial bureaucracy by placing family connections over merit. Alexios' policy of integration of the nobility bore the fruit of continuity: every
2563:
Kouroupou, Matoula; Vannier, Jean-François (2005). "Commémoraisons des Comnènes dans le typikon liturgique du monastère du Christ Philanthrope (ms. Panaghia Kamariotissa 29)" [Commemorations of the Komnenoi in the liturgical typikon of the Monastery of Christ Philanthropos (ms. Panaghia
699:
and dated his charters by Alexios' reign. Henry's allegiance would be the last example of Byzantine political control on peninsular Italy. The Norman military danger subsided with the death of Guiscard in 1085, and the Byzantines recovered most of their losses.
1080:
A conspiracy in 1084 involving several senators and officers of the army. This was uncovered before too many followers were enlisted. In order to conceal the importance of the conspiracy, Alexios merely banished the wealthiest plotters and confiscated their
65:
923:
in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing
723:. Paulician soldiers in imperial service likewise deserted during Alexios' battles with the Normans. As soon as the Norman threat had passed, Alexios set out to punish the rebels and deserters, confiscating their lands. This led to a further revolt near
609:
vow of his good faith. He obliged, sending a complete assurance for the family with his own cross. At the emperor's further insistence, and for their own protection, they took refuge at the convent of Petrion, where they were eventually joined by
574:
As stated in the Alexiad, Isaac and Alexios left Constantinople in mid-February 1081 to raise an army against Botaneiates. However, when the time came, Anna quickly and surreptitiously mobilized the remainder of the family and took refuge in the
887:. Transferring each contingent into Asia, Alexios promised to supply them with provisions in return for their oaths of homage. The crusade was a notable success for Byzantium, as Alexios recovered a number of important cities and islands. The
555:. Nikephoros III intended to leave the throne to one of his close relatives, and this resulted in Maria's ambivalence and alliance with the Komnenoi, though the real driving force behind this political alliance was Anna Dalassene.
883:, and other important members of the western nobility. Alexios used the opportunity to meet the crusader leaders separately as they arrived, extracting from them oaths of homage and the promise to turn over conquered lands to the
1404:. Highly ambitious, after Alexios' death she tried unsuccessfully to usurp the throne. She then withdrew to a monastery, where she wrote her history of Alexios' reign. The couple had several children, but only four survived her.
342:
from 1081 to 1118. Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign, Alexios was able to curb the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the
506:
rebelled in Asia Minor, but Alexios successfully subdued them by 1076. In 1078, he was appointed commander of the field army in the West by Nikephoros III. In this capacity, Alexios defeated the rebellions of
1010:, a Bogomil leader, with whom he had engaged in a theological dispute. In spite of the success of the First Crusade, Alexios also had to repel numerous attempts on his territory by the Seljuqs in 1110–1117.
816:
to Jerusalem in 1086 spending time assisting the Byzantine Emperor against the Turks. In one battle Robert and three of his companions rode ahead of the main army charging the forces under the command of
432:, Pope Urban formally called the First Crusade, which began a year after and concluded with much of western Anatolia restored to Byzantine rule. On Alexios' death in 1118, he was suceeeded by his son
5167:
5132:
5127:
691:, who, in exchange for 360,000 gold pieces, did attack the Normans in Italy, which forced the Normans to concentrate on their defenses at home in 1083–84. He also secured the alliance of
416:
Later in the 1090s, Alexios directed his attention towards Asia Minor, most of which had fallen to the Seljuk Turks. Desiring western support, he took reconciliatory measures towards the
727:, and the commander of the field army in the west, Gregory Pakourianos, was defeated and killed in the ensuing battle. In 1087 the Pechenegs raided into Thrace, and Alexios crossed into
2661:
974:, the Seljuq Sultan of Iconium. In 1117 he moved onto the offensive and pushed his army deep into the Turkish-dominated Anatolian Plateau, where he defeated the Seljuq sultan at the
5162:
2891:
747:, launched a fleet and attempted to arrange a joint siege of Constantinople with the Pechenegs. Alexios overcame this crisis by entering into an alliance with a horde of 40,000
970:
In 1116, though already terminally ill, Alexios conducted a series of defensive operations in Bithynia and Mysia to defend his Anatolian territories against the inroads of
2882:
543:
against Nikephoros III. The mother of Alexios, Anna Dalassene, was to play a prominent role in this coup d'état of 1081, along with the current empress,
4442:
2501:
637:, the uncle of Michael VII, who would not have supported Alexios otherwise. As a measure intended to keep the support of the Doukai, Alexios restored
4547:
4526:
523:
in Asia Minor but refused to fight his kinsman. This did not, however, lead to a demotion, as Alexios was needed to counter the expected invasion of the
758:
This put an end to the Pecheneg threat, but in 1094 the Cumans began to raid the imperial territories in the Balkans. Led by a pretender claiming to be
5137:
5122:
5097:
4594:
3047:
1462:
687:. Alexios suffered several defeats before he was able to strike back with success. He enhanced his resistance by an agreement with the German king
4589:
4542:
4488:
3572:
1445:
1199:
1104:
1040:
co-emperor at the age of five in 1092, his wife Irene Doukaina wished to alter the succession in favor of their daughter Anna and Anna's husband,
445:
363:
268:
208:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
4711:
4579:
1423:
1213:. The presence of the empress Irene and her attendants, however, made the execution of the plot difficult. In an attempt to have her return to
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1407:
484:
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5021:
4682:
4677:
4662:
4617:
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1432:
and participated in several campaigns until his death from disease. He married Irene, likely a Russian princess, and had at least two sons.
998:
During the last twenty years of his life Alexios lost much of his popularity. The years were marked by persecution of the followers of the
593:
my hands are cut off, I will not leave this holy place except on one condition: that I receive the emperor's cross as guarantee of safety".
692:
198:
4915:
4705:
4202:
2302:
2586:
5142:
4428:
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2013:
539:
While Byzantine troops were assembling for the expedition, the Doukas faction at court approached Alexios and convinced him to join a
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1435:
375:
203:
38:
562:
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1397:
1152:
1041:
759:
663:
The thirty-seven year reign of Alexios was full of struggle. At the outset he faced the formidable attack of the Normans, led by
739:
by the Pechenegs, who forced him to sign a truce and to pay protection money. In 1090 the Pechenegs invaded Thrace again, while
4672:
4622:
4168:
4151:
3978:
3966:
2997:
1393:
638:
552:
132:
4504:
4139:
3931:
3893:
3853:
3820:
2544:
1525:
508:
461:
4399:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
1262:) was discontinued and a gold coinage of higher fineness (generally .900–.950) was established in 1092, commonly called the
188:
359:, it was during his reign that the Komnenos family came to full power and initiated a hereditary succession to the throne.
4611:
4354:
4180:
4007:
3973:
3937:
3826:
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1580:
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with Alexios in the Balkans, but he was blockaded by the Byzantine forces and agreed to become a vassal of Alexios by the
880:
397:
and drove back the Normans, recovering most of Byzantine losses by 1085. In 1091, he achieved a decisive victory over the
5092:
4802:
3995:
3040:
688:
394:
5072:
4852:
4076:
3755:
3221:
1496:
Manuel Komnenos, born February 1097 and known only from a manuscript now in Moscow, died probably soon after his birth
809:
588:
for protection. This request was granted and Anna then manifested her true communicative and leadership capabilities:
4788:
4406:
4386:
4342:
4320:
4271:
4158:
3949:
3718:
3060:
2988:
1530:
892:
548:
480:
371:
213:
112:
55:
31:
787:
658:
5157:
5077:
4293:
4261:
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3266:
1733:"Alexiad", 2,1,4–6, 2.3.2–3,2.3.4; cf. Bryennius 4.2, who dates the adoption to early in the reign of Botaneiates
1094:
840:
forces, not the immense hosts that arrived, to his consternation and embarrassment, after the pope preached the
4898:
4465:
4303:
4256:
3803:
3450:
2140:
1499:
Zoe Komnene, born March 1098 and known only from a manuscript now in Moscow, died probably soon after her birth
896:
519:
and the latter in a surprise night attack on his camp. Alexios was ordered to march against his brother-in-law
456:(emperor 1057–1059). Alexios' father declined the throne on the abdication of Isaac, who was thus succeeded by
2836:
1358:
Byzantine emperor who reigned after Alexios I Komnenos was related to him by either descent or marriage.
1333:
370:, Alexios served with distinction under three Byzantine emperors. In 1081, he led a rebellion against Emperor
891:
by the crusaders forced the city to surrender to the emperor in 1097, and the subsequent crusader victory at
828:, with the intention of seeking western support against the Seljuqs. In 1095 his ambassadors appeared before
4944:
4921:
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4111:
4091:
3865:
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1112:
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567:
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5004:
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4891:
4745:
4634:
4421:
4381:
4360:
4266:
3056:
2601:
540:
1493:, she is an ancestor of many European royal families, including all European monarchs currently reigning.
1456:
1036:
Alexios' last years were also troubled by anxieties over the succession. Although he had crowned his son
867:
The "Prince's Crusade", the second and much more formidable host of crusaders, gradually made its way to
5082:
4873:
4795:
4770:
4640:
4315:
4310:
4286:
4281:
4197:
4034:
4022:
3793:
3418:
1466:
975:
960:
876:
668:
520:
387:
344:
331:
311:
1396:, and with him treated as co-ruler by her father until after the birth of John II. In 1097 she married
1185:
766:, the Cumans crossed the mountains and raided into eastern Thrace until their leader was eliminated at
1556:
in the fourth indiction in the month of April 6589. poured into the city through the Charisian Gate".
5152:
5087:
4962:
4927:
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4246:
4106:
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1963:
1411:
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621:
512:
457:
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4127:
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75:
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4859:
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3944:
3662:
3566:
3316:
3285:
3278:
2861:
1977:
516:
473:
391:
1021:, a wise and immensely able politician whom, in a uniquely irregular fashion, he had crowned as
1097:, who had assisted Alexios in gaining the throne in 1081 conspired against him in 1091 with an
4628:
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4414:
4241:
4187:
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3333:
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2009:
1238:
1132:
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records that the sky suddenly darkened and a "violent southern wind" blew the great statue of
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861:
736:
696:
610:
339:
175:
84:
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1925:
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1490:
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1074:
1037:
937:
929:
884:
853:
645:
617:
453:
433:
367:
288:
193:
122:
932:. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under
4012:
4002:
3911:
3698:
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888:
664:
602:
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528:
383:
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2039:
1410:(19 September 1085 – after 1136), initially betrothed to Gregory Gabras, but married to
5049:
4998:
4738:
3906:
3870:
3815:
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300:
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168:
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1586:, p. 409. "Alexius entered the city on Thursday night was crowned on the day of the
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2003:
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352:
348:
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3518:
3159:
2906:
The Byzantine Personalities of the Alexiad: Prosopographical Analysis and Synthesis
2456:
1389:
1338:
1210:
1088:
999:
775:
576:
469:
183:
2743:"La résistance aux Turcs en Asie Mineure entre Mantzikert et la Première Croisade"
1209:
prince named Aron formed a plot in 1107 to murder Alexios as he was encamped near
770:. With the Balkans more or less pacified, Alexios could now turn his attention to
64:
17:
2830:
2721:
2460:
1155:, an impostor who assumed the identity of another of Romanos' sons, Leo Diogenes.
3985:
3860:
3810:
3735:
3309:
3256:
3199:
2354:
1168:
1066:
920:
796:
672:
625:
2588:
History 303: Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades
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3956:
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3798:
3713:
3473:
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3413:
3393:
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3206:
3069:
2742:
2486:
1507:
1311:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1206:
1146:
1108:
1003:
964:
813:
771:
767:
763:
712:
580:
488:
99:
5052:
who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in
2902:
Les personnages byzantins de l'Alexiade: Analyse prosopographique et synthèse
2785:
2669:
3788:
3740:
3650:
3637:
3424:
3353:
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3321:
3290:
3236:
3184:
3119:
3114:
2577:
2523:
1098:
837:
716:
398:
2726:. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
460:(r. 1059–1067) and died as a monk in 1067. Alexios and his elder brother,
4438:
4056:
3838:
3730:
3683:
3643:
3625:
3545:
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3460:
3430:
3403:
3398:
3383:
3373:
3343:
3251:
3246:
3194:
3169:
3164:
3129:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
2951:
1317:
1301:
1280:
1230:
933:
818:
732:
708:
684:
356:
258:
1192:
of great wealth who in 1106 engaged in a plot with four brothers of the
824:
As early as 1090, Alexios had taken reconciliatory measures towards the
3990:
3693:
3600:
3513:
3368:
3144:
2505:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 577.
1549:
1414:. The couple had several children, but only two sons are known by name.
1158:
1122:
1084:
1062:
912:
852:: a mob of mostly unarmed poor peasants and serfs, led by the preacher
740:
724:
680:
379:
253:
597:
551:, she was preoccupied with the future of her son by Michael VII,
483:(1078–1081), he was militarily employed, along with his elder brother
3762:
3619:
3501:
3273:
3139:
2767:
The crusades: the authoritative history of the war for the holy land.
2765:
1587:
1193:
1172:
991:
916:
908:
904:
825:
748:
728:
720:
704:
644:
This situation changed drastically, however, when Alexios' first son
496:
492:
410:
406:
316:
895:
allowed the Byzantine forces to recover much of western Asia Minor.
2528:, De Imperatoribus Romanis (An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers)
3363:
3134:
3124:
3104:
1365:
1332:
1225:
1162:
985:
900:
795:
676:
596:
2603:
Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection
2490:
1944:, Trans. E.R.A. Sewter (London: The Penguin Group, 1969), p. 351.
1392:(1 December 1083 – 1148/55), in her infancy she was betrothed to
616:
During this time, Alexios was rumored to be the lover of Empress
511:(whose son or grandson later married Alexios' daughter Anna) and
3109:
3099:
1006:
heresies—one of his last acts was publicly to burn at the stake
417:
4410:
3029:
2749:(in French). Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne. pp. 131–147.
955:
Around this time, in 1106, the twenty fifth year of his reign,
641:, the young son of Michael VII and Maria, as co-emperor.
1420:(13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143), who succeeded as emperor.
304:
240:
1962:
Main historic authority on the proceedings of this event is
1013:
Alexios was for many years under the strong influence of an
390:. Despite initial defeats, Alexios secured an alliance with
2585:
Lindblom, Annette (21 March 1998), Harl, Kenneth W. (ed.),
967:
from its column, killing a number of men and women nearby.
547:. First married to Michael VII Doukas and secondly to
2005:
All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World
2515:
History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057–1453
1481:, as well as the progenitor of the ruling dynasty of the
990:
Low relief depicting Alexios I, Campiello de Cà Angaran,
535:
Conspiracy and revolt of the Komnenoi against Botaneiates
2662:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
2525:
Anna Dalassena, Mother of Alexius I Comnenus (1081–1118)
2431:
2429:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
1073:
who used him as a pretext to launch his invasion of the
2303:"The Period of the Gold Hyperpyron (12th-13th century)"
1813:
1811:
37:"Alexios Komnenos" redirects here. For other uses, see
2220:
2218:
2105:
2103:
374:
and took the throne for himself. He immediately faced
2892:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
2338:
2336:
2279:
2277:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2230:
1702:
1700:
347:. His appeals to Western Europe for help against the
2465:, translated by Sewter, E. R. A., Penguin Classics,
1932:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 32
5030:
5014:
4991:
4954:
4936:
4908:
4883:
4844:
4819:
4780:
4755:
4720:
4650:
4603:
4535:
4497:
4474:
4453:
4329:
3775:
3672:
3555:
3382:
3220:
3068:
284:
274:
264:
252:
232:
174:
164:
154:
143:
139:
128:
118:
108:
98:
90:
83:
48:
2537:
2353:
774:, which had been almost completely overrun by the
2908:] (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve: Nauwelaerts.
1978:"Pope Urban II's Council of Piacenza - Chapter I"
1065:, a Byzantine monk who claimed to be the emperor
420:, and in 1095 his envoys made a formal appeal to
2723:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs
2548:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1171:, who tried to create an independent kingdom in
751:, with whose help he conquered the Pechenegs at
653:Wars against the Normans, Pechenegs, and Tzachas
30:"Alexius I" redirects here. For other uses, see
5168:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Pecheneg wars
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1337:Rare seal of Alexios I with a depiction of the
590:
355:. Although he was not the first emperor of the
2917:, Stanford University Press, pp. 612–29,
1091:emir who assumed the title of emperor in 1092.
703:Alexios next had to deal with disturbances in
601:Alexios I in a 12th-century Greek manuscript,
5133:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
5128:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Norman wars
4422:
3041:
1473:. By him she was the grandmother of Emperors
1385:, Alexios I had the following children:
812:(Robert the Frisian) returning from an armed
8:
5163:People associated with Xenophontos Monastery
2915:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
2747:ΕΥΨΥΧΙΑ. Mélanges offerts à Hélène Ahrweiler
836:. The help he sought from the West was some
731:to retaliate but failed to take Dorostolon (
468:(r. 1068–1071) with distinction against the
94:1 April 1081 – 15 August 1118
2517:, vol. 2, William Blackwood & Sons
782:Byzantine–Seljuq Wars and the First Crusade
4999:Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")
4429:
4415:
4407:
3552:
3048:
3034:
3026:
2942:
2703:(2nd ed.), Longman, pp. 136–70,
2606:. Vol. 4, Alexius I to Michael VIII.
1351:given to Nikephoros Bryennios, or that of
821:, whose forces were scattered completely.
63:
45:
2801:The First Crusade: the Call from the East
1426:(18 September 1091 – 1130/31), was named
2360:. New York: Twayne Publishers. pp.
2327:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
715:revolted and made common cause with the
561:
4969:Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress
2660:(in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki:
1541:
1309:and with 7% silver wash and the copper
1292:and about 25% gold and 75% silver, the
735:). During his retreat, the emperor was
624:, who had been successively married to
2869:
2859:
2435:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2152:
2118:
940:; Bohemund, who had set himself up as
743:, the brother-in-law of the Sultan of
229:
4928:Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop
4916:Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia
4733:Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
4558:Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid
2164:
7:
5022:Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier
4678:Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
4663:Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria
1121:, the quasi-independent governor of
502:In 1074, western mercenaries led by
848:later that same year. This was the
707:, where the heretical sects of the
351:were the catalyst that sparked the
27:Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118
2545:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1465:(15 January 1096) who married (1)
928:and other coastal towns as far as
376:an invasion of the western Balkans
56:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
4728:Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
1279:It was introduced along with the
1205:The illegitimate descendant of a
899:re-established Byzantine rule in
762:, a long-dead son of the Emperor
693:Henry, Count of Monte Sant'Angelo
39:Alexios Komnenos (disambiguation)
5138:Byzantine people of the Crusades
1510:
1438:(16 January 1093 – after 1152),
1398:Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
1202:, another governor of Trebizond.
1042:Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
5123:12th-century Byzantine emperors
5098:11th-century Byzantine emperors
4673:Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary
2895:, vol. 1, pp. 129–130
2701:The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204
2630:Byzantium: The Decline and Fall
1107:, Alexios' nephew, governor of
936:failed to help them during the
549:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
481:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
113:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
70:Portrait of Alexios within the
2522:Garland, Lynda (25 May 2007),
1526:Byzantine army (Komnenian era)
1485:. Through Isaac II's daughter
1321:worth 18 and 36 to the billon
1272:was slightly smaller than the
509:Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder
1:
5118:1110s in the Byzantine Empire
5113:1100s in the Byzantine Empire
5108:1090s in the Byzantine Empire
5103:1080s in the Byzantine Empire
4853:Andronikos III Megas Komnenos
2993:1 April 1081 – 15 August 1118
2741:Cheynet, Jean-Claude (1998).
2654:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
2646:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
1569:
1449:
1222:Reform of the monetary system
1111:, accused of a conspiracy by
324:
147:
4789:Andronikos II Megas Komnenos
2815:(2nd ed.), Bloomsbury,
2591:, Tulane.edu, archived from
1161:, the leader of a revolt in
755:in Thrace on 29 April 1091.
317:
2566:Revue des études byzantines
1976:Somerville, Robert (2011).
1942:The Alexiad of Anna Comnena
1053:emperors. These included:
800:Europe in 1097, during the
5184:
4899:Alexios III Megas Komnenos
4321:Constantine XI Palaiologos
4272:Andronikos III Palaiologos
4159:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2913:Treadgold, Warren (1997),
2900:Skoulatos, Basile (1980).
2829:Jeffreys, C., ed. (2016).
2813:Byzantium and the Crusades
2600:Hendy, Michael F. (1999).
2002:Johnston, Ruth A. (2011).
1531:List of Byzantine emperors
1455:), who married the son of
1244:Under Alexios the debased
1095:Constantine Humbertopoulos
1069:. He presented himself to
810:Robert I Count of Flanders
785:
656:
568:Grand Domestic of the West
527:of Southern Italy, led by
372:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
305:
241:
36:
32:Alexius I (disambiguation)
29:
5143:Christian anti-Gnosticism
5046:
4945:Alexios IV Megas Komnenos
4922:Manuel III Megas Komnenos
4828:Alexios II Megas Komnenos
4397:
4294:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
4262:Andronikos II Palaiologos
4087:Constantine IX Monomachos
3014:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2945:
2811:Harris, Jonathan (2014),
2799:Frankopan, Peter (2011),
2764:Thomas, Asbridge (2016),
2649:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
2632:, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.,
622:Bagrat IV of Georgia
237:
228:
62:
53:
5148:Domestics of the Schools
5005:Alexios V Megas Komnenos
4975:Alexander Megas Komnenos
4892:Manuel II Megas Komnenos
4746:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
4466:Manuel Erotikos Komnenos
4257:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2699:Angold, Michael (1997),
2141:Patria of Constantinople
1479:Alexios III Angelos
1373:depicting Alexios I and
466:Romanos IV Diogenes
4874:John III Megas Komnenos
4796:Theodora Megale Komnene
4771:Manuel I Megas Komnenos
4112:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3746:Tiberius II Constantine
2881:Plate, William (1867),
2578:10.3406/rebyz.2005.2305
2564:Kamariotissa 29)].
2502:Encyclopædia Britannica
2038:Snell, Melissa (2018).
1518:Byzantine Empire portal
1113:Theophylact of Bulgaria
737:confronted and defeated
633:, granddaughter of the
620:, the daughter of King
474:Michael VII Doukas
444:Alexios was the son of
297:Alexios I Komnenos
4963:John IV Megas Komnenos
4835:Michael Megas Komnenos
4810:John II Megas Komnenos
4635:John Tzelepes Komnenos
4267:Michael IX Palaiologos
2040:"The People's Crusade"
1742:"Alexiad", 2.3.4,2.4.5
1378:
1341:
1305:, valued at 48 to the
1241:
995:
881:Raymond IV of Toulouse
804:
605:
595:
571:
5050:male-line descendants
4982:David Megas Komnenos
4803:George Megas Komnenos
4641:Andronikos I Komnenos
4361:Thessalonian emperors
4355:Trapezuntine emperors
4316:John VIII Palaiologos
4311:Manuel II Palaiologos
4282:John VI Kantakouzenos
4198:Andronikos I Komnenos
4035:Constantine Lekapenos
3063:and empresses regnant
2837:King's College London
2079:Kazhdan 1991, p. 1479
1475:Isaac II Angelos
1467:Constantine Kourtikes
1418:John II Komnenos
1381:By his marriage with
1369:
1336:
1229:
1145:, the son of emperor
1048:Pretenders and rebels
1038:John II Komnenos
994:, early 12th century.
989:
976:Battle of Philomelion
871:, led in sections by
799:
788:Byzantine–Seljuq Wars
786:Further information:
695:, who controlled the
659:Byzantine–Norman Wars
657:Further information:
646:John II Komnenos
600:
565:
521:Nikephoros Melissenos
454:Isaac I Komnenos
345:Komnenian restoration
194:John II Komnenos
123:John II Komnenos
5015:Uncertain generation
4860:Basil Megas Komnenos
4658:John Doukas Komnenos
4553:Constantine Komnenos
4299:John VII Palaiologos
4247:Theodore II Laskaris
4107:Constantine X Doukas
4047:Nikephoros II Phokas
2883:"Alexios I Komnenos"
2539:"Alexios I Komnenos"
2352:Dalven, Rae (1972).
2212:Norwich 1996, p. 52.
1964:Bernold of Constance
1817:Kazhdan 1991, p. 658
1412:Nikephoros Katakalon
957:Hesychius of Miletus
760:Constantine Diogenes
566:Seal of Alexios as "
513:Nikephoros Basilakes
487:, against rebels in
458:Constantine X Doukas
452:, and the nephew of
428:. At the subsequent
5093:11th-century rebels
4689:Alexios II Komnenos
4618:Andronikos Komnenos
4580:Andronikos Komnenos
4527:Nikephoros Komnenos
4461:Nikephoros Komnenos
4447:Empire of Trebizond
4230:Theodore I Laskaris
4215:Alexios III Angelos
4193:Alexios II Komnenos
4117:Romanos IV Diogenes
4072:Romanos III Argyros
4018:Romanos I Lekapenos
2947:Alexios I Komnenos
2423:, pp. 229–237.
2411:, pp. 203–228.
2399:, pp. 198–203.
2387:, pp. 176–197.
2224:Norwich 1995, p. 61
2203:Norwich 1995, p. 59
2194:Norwich 1995, p. 58
2176:Norwich 1995, p. 54
2167:, pp. 147–148.
2155:, pp. 481–487.
2130:Norwich 1995, p. 48
2109:Norwich 1995, p. 42
2097:Finlay 1854, p. 123
2088:Norwich 1995, p. 36
2063:Norwich 1995, p. 33
2028:Norwich 1995, p. 31
1953:Norwich 1995, p. 30
1916:Finlay 1854, p. 111
1907:Finlay 1854, p. 108
1889:Norwich 1995, p. 27
1880:Norwich 1995, p. 26
1871:Finlay 1854, p. 104
1862:Finlay 1854, p. 102
1844:Finlay 1854, p. 101
1835:Norwich 1995, p. 25
1826:Norwich 1995, p. 21
1805:Norwich 1995, p. 12
1796:Norwich 1995, p. 10
1608:Kazhdan 1991, p. 63
1588:Lord's Resurrection
1483:Despotate of Epirus
1471:Constantine Angelos
1457:Constantine Iasites
1448:(14 January 1094 –
1424:Andronikos Komnenos
1288:worth a third of a
1153:Pseudo-Leo Diogenes
1143:Nikephoros Diogenes
946:briefly went to war
877:Bohemond of Taranto
873:Godfrey of Bouillon
846:Council of Clermont
834:Council of Piacenza
515:, the first at the
504:Roussel de Bailleul
430:Council of Clermont
426:Council of Piacenza
403:Battle of Levounion
330:– 15 August 1118),
199:Andronikos Komnenos
76:Euthymios Zigabenos
5073:Alexios I Komnenos
4516:Alexios I Komnenos
4349:Britannic emperors
4343:Palmyrene emperors
4277:John V Palaiologos
4220:Alexios IV Angelos
4169:Constantine Doukas
4164:Alexios I Komnenos
4152:Constantine Doukas
4135:Michael VII Doukas
4097:Michael VI Bringas
3663:Romulus Augustulus
3286:Trebonianus Gallus
3279:Herennius Etruscus
3061:Byzantine emperors
2998:Constantine Doukas
2718:Choniates, Nicetas
2534:Kazhdan, Alexander
2492:"Alexius I."
2487:Bury, John Bagnell
2342:Finlay 1854, p. 69
2292:Finlay 1854, p. 75
2283:Finlay 1854, p. 74
2271:Finlay 1854, p. 73
2262:Finlay 1854, p. 72
2238:Finlay 1854, p. 71
2185:Finlay 1854, p. 81
1898:Finlay 1854, p. 86
1853:Finlay 1854, p. 78
1787:Finlay 1854, p. 63
1778:"Alexiad", 2.5.7–9
1751:Norwich 1995, p. 6
1724:Norwich 1995, p. 5
1715:"Alexiad", 2.2.1–2
1706:Finlay 1854, p. 59
1672:Norwich 1995, p. 3
1654:Norwich 1995, p. 2
1617:Norwich 1995, p. 4
1400:, later raised to
1394:Constantine Doukas
1379:
1342:
1242:
1180:Post First Crusade
996:
950:Treaty of Deabolis
805:
679:and laid siege to
639:Constantine Doukas
635:Caesar John Doukas
606:
572:
553:Constantine Doukas
517:Battle of Kalavrye
392:Holy Roman Emperor
336:Alexius I Comnenus
133:Constantine Doukas
72:Panoplia Dogmatica
49:Alexios I Komnenos
18:Alexius I Comnenus
5060:
5059:
4629:Manuel I Komnenos
4522:Adrianos Komnenos
4404:
4403:
4242:John III Vatatzes
4188:Manuel I Komnenos
3927:Michael I Rangabe
3771:
3770:
3613:Petronius Maximus
3212:Severus Alexander
3180:Septimius Severus
3024:
3023:
3015:Succeeded by
2989:Byzantine emperor
2924:978-0-8047-2630-6
2846:978-1-908951-20-5
2822:978-1-78093-767-0
2777:978-1-5047-3571-1
2710:978-0-582-29468-4
2639:978-0-679-41650-0
2595:on 5 October 2013
2480:Secondary sources
1930:The First Crusade
1552:", 2.10. "It was
1268:at 4.45 grs. The
1239:Manuel I Komnenos
1200:Gregory Taronites
1133:Michael Taronites
1057:Pre First Crusade
942:Prince of Antioch
864:in October 1096.
862:Battle of Civetot
697:Gargano Peninsula
611:Maria of Bulgaria
409:with the help of
357:Komnenian dynasty
340:Byzantine emperor
314:
294:
293:
248:
247:
238:Alexios Komnenos
85:Byzantine emperor
16:(Redirected from
5175:
5158:Panhypersebastoi
5078:Komnenos dynasty
5031:Related subjects
4867:Anna Anachoutlou
4712:Alexios Komnenos
4695:Alexios Komnenos
4668:Alexios Komnenos
4612:Alexios Komnenos
4595:Theodora Komnene
4574:John II Komnenos
4548:Alexios Komnenos
4483:Isaac I Komnenos
4443:Byzantine Empire
4431:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4252:John IV Laskaris
4225:Alexios V Doukas
4210:Isaac II Angelos
4176:John II Komnenos
4102:Isaac I Komnenos
4062:Constantine VIII
4052:John I Tzimiskes
3779:Byzantine Empire
3553:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3027:
3018:John II Komnenos
3007:John II Komnenos
2979:Preceded by
2969:
2962:
2943:
2927:
2909:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2825:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2760:
2737:
2713:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2672:. Archived from
2659:
2642:
2626:Norwich, John J.
2621:
2596:
2581:
2559:
2541:
2529:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2475:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2309:on 7 August 2007
2305:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2239:
2236:
2225:
2222:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1982:academic.oup.com
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1926:Runciman, Steven
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1769:"Alexiad", 2.5.6
1767:
1761:
1760:"Alexiad", 2.5.5
1758:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1695:
1692:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1546:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1491:Philip of Swabia
1463:Theodora Komnene
1454:
1451:
1348:panhypersebastos
1075:Byzantine Empire
1067:Michael VII
938:siege of Antioch
885:Byzantine Empire
854:Peter the Hermit
850:People's Crusade
719:from beyond the
626:Michael VII
479:(1071–1078) and
434:John II Komnenos
368:Isaac I Komnenos
366:and a nephew of
329:
326:
322:
319:Aléxios Komnēnós
310:
308:
307:
306:Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός
289:Eastern Orthodox
244:
243:
242:Αλέξιος Κομνηνός
230:
214:Theodora Komnene
149:
67:
46:
21:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5042:
5026:
5010:
4992:16th generation
4987:
4955:15th generation
4950:
4937:14th generation
4932:
4909:13th generation
4904:
4884:12th generation
4879:
4845:11th generation
4840:
4820:10th generation
4815:
4776:
4764:John I Axouchos
4751:
4716:
4700:Manuel Komnenos
4646:
4599:
4590:Eudokia Komnene
4531:
4505:Manuel Komnenos
4493:
4470:
4449:
4435:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4337:Gallic emperors
4325:
4013:Constantine VII
3794:Constantine III
3781:
3778:
3767:
3676:
3668:
3607:Valentinian III
3595:Constantius III
3589:Priscus Attalus
3573:Constantine III
3559:
3551:
3441:Valerius Valens
3386:
3378:
3224:
3216:
3175:Didius Julianus
3155:Marcus Aurelius
3072:
3064:
3054:
3020:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2984:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2948:
2938:Alexius coinage
2934:
2925:
2912:
2899:
2880:
2868:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2828:
2823:
2810:
2805:The Bodley Head
2798:
2790:
2788:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2740:
2734:
2716:
2711:
2698:
2695:
2693:Further reading
2682:
2680:
2679:on 1 April 2019
2676:
2657:
2645:
2640:
2624:
2618:
2599:
2584:
2562:
2556:
2532:
2521:
2509:
2485:
2482:
2473:
2455:
2452:
2450:Primary sources
2447:
2442:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2242:
2237:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1599:Choniates, p. 7
1598:
1594:
1564:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1489:'s children by
1452:
1446:Eudokia Komnene
1364:
1331:
1224:
1182:
1147:Romanos IV
1119:Theodore Gabras
1101:called Ariebes.
1071:Robert Guiscard
1059:
1050:
1034:
984:
889:siege of Nicaea
794:
784:
764:Romanos IV
665:Robert Guiscard
661:
655:
603:Vatican library
545:Maria of Alania
537:
529:Robert Guiscard
462:Manuel Komnenos
442:
384:Robert Guiscard
327:
239:
224:
218:Manuel Komnenos
209:Eudokia Komnene
159:
79:
78:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5181:
5179:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4784:
4782:
4781:9th generation
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4759:
4757:
4756:8th generation
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4739:David Komnenos
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4721:7th generation
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4651:6th generation
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4623:Isaac Komnenos
4620:
4615:
4607:
4605:
4604:5th generation
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4585:Isaac Komnenos
4582:
4577:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4536:4th generation
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4512:
4510:Isaac Komnenos
4507:
4501:
4499:
4498:3rd generation
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4476:
4475:2nd generation
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4454:1st generation
4451:
4450:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4296:
4291:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4156:
4132:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:Theodora (III)
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3988:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3954:
3942:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:Constantine VI
3904:
3899:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Theodosius III
3868:
3863:
3858:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3816:Constantine IV
3813:
3808:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:Eastern Empire
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:Western Empire
3550:
3549:
3542:
3530:Magnus Maximus
3526:
3524:Valentinian II
3521:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3456:Constantius II
3453:
3451:Constantine II
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3319:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3150:Antoninus Pius
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3073:27 BC – AD 235
3066:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3013:
2985:
2982:Nikephoros III
2980:
2976:
2975:
2974:Regnal titles
2971:
2970:
2968:15 August 1118
2949:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2932:External links
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2910:
2897:
2887:Smith, William
2878:
2870:|website=
2845:
2826:
2821:
2808:
2796:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2738:
2732:
2714:
2709:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2643:
2638:
2622:
2616:
2608:Dumbarton Oaks
2597:
2582:
2560:
2554:
2536:, ed. (1991).
2530:
2519:
2511:Finlay, George
2507:
2497:Chisholm, Hugh
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2438:, p. 265.
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2371:978-0805722406
2370:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2294:
2285:
2273:
2264:
2240:
2226:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2132:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2065:
2056:
2030:
2021:
2015:978-0313364624
2014:
1994:
1968:
1955:
1946:
1934:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1696:
1674:
1665:
1663:"Alexiad", 1.1
1656:
1647:
1631:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1566:Romuald Guarna
1558:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1487:Irene Angelina
1460:
1443:
1436:Isaac Komnenos
1433:
1421:
1415:
1405:
1383:Irene Doukaina
1375:Irene Doukaina
1363:
1360:
1330:
1327:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:Constantinople
1203:
1197:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1137:brother-in-law
1130:
1116:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1078:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1033:
1030:
1019:Anna Dalassene
1015:eminence grise
983:
980:
869:Constantinople
858:Kilij Arslan I
783:
780:
654:
651:
631:Irene Doukaina
536:
533:
450:Anna Dalassene
441:
438:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
279:Anna Dalassene
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
261:
256:
250:
249:
246:
245:
235:
234:
226:
225:
223:
222:
219:
216:
211:
206:
204:Isaac Komnenos
201:
196:
191:
186:
180:
178:
172:
171:
169:Irene Doukaina
166:
162:
161:
158:15 August 1118
156:
152:
151:
145:
141:
140:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
81:
80:
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5180:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5038:AIMA prophecy
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4706:John Komnenos
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:Maria Komnene
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:Maria Komnene
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:John Komnenos
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4489:John Komnenos
4487:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4396:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:Theodora (II)
3972:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:Constantine V
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Anastasius II
3864:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Theodosius II
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3574:
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3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:Valentinian I
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
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3483:
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3478:
3476:
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3429:
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3426:
3422:
3420:
3419:Constantine I
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3409:Constantius I
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
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3019:
3012:
3009:
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2999:
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2983:
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2809:
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2797:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2756:9782859448301
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2733:0-8143-1764-2
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2696:
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2644:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2617:9780884022336
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:(in French).
2567:
2561:
2557:
2555:0-19-504652-8
2551:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2472:9780141904542
2468:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2457:Comnena, Anna
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2405:
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2373:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:Lindblom 1998
2324:
2321:
2308:
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2298:
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2289:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
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2209:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
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2182:
2179:
2173:
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2166:
2161:
2158:
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2149:
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2136:
2133:
2127:
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2120:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2008:. Greenwood.
2007:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
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1895:
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1877:
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1721:
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1712:
1709:
1703:
1701:
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1679:
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1657:
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1638:
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1628:
1623:
1620:
1614:
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1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:Holy Thursday
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:sebastokrator
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:sebastokrator
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:Maria Komnene
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1371:Aspron trachy
1368:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:sebastokrator
1350:
1349:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1323:aspron trachy
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:aspron trachy
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1285:aspron trachy
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1237:minted under
1236:
1233:(cup-shaped)
1232:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:John Komnenos
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:Seljuq Turkic
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1017:, his mother
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
988:
982:Personal life
981:
979:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:First Crusade
839:
835:
831:
830:Pope Urban II
827:
822:
820:
815:
811:
803:
802:First Crusade
798:
793:
792:First Crusade
789:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:Philippopolis
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
698:
694:
690:
689:Henry IV
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
652:
650:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
604:
599:
594:
589:
587:
586:Mother of God
582:
578:
569:
564:
560:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:
471:
467:
464:served under
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:John Komnenos
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Pope Urban II
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:John Komnenos
360:
358:
354:
353:First Crusade
350:
346:
341:
337:
333:
321:
320:
313:
302:
298:
290:
287:
283:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:John Komnenos
267:
263:
260:
257:
255:
251:
236:
231:
227:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
189:Maria Komnene
187:
185:
182:
181:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
157:
153:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
77:
73:
66:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5083:1050s births
5053:
5003:
4980:
4973:
4961:
4943:
4920:
4897:
4890:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4833:
4826:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4769:
4762:
4744:
4737:
4704:
4687:
4639:
4627:
4610:
4572:
4563:Anna Komnene
4515:
4514:
4481:
4304:Andronikos V
4302:
4285:
4233:
4201:
4179:
4167:
4163:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4126:
4120:
4033:
4027:
4021:
3994:
3977:
3965:
3948:
3936:
3930:
3917:Nikephoros I
3892:
3891:
3885:
3852:
3849:Justinian II
3844:Tiberius III
3834:Justinian II
3825:
3819:
3802:
3754:
3726:Anastasius I
3717:
3661:
3657:Julius Nepos
3649:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3571:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3519:Theodosius I
3506:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3436:Maximinus II
3423:
3325:
3308:
3295:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3198:
3160:Lucius Verus
3010:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2987:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2850:. Retrieved
2831:
2812:
2800:
2789:, retrieved
2766:
2746:
2722:
2700:
2681:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2653:
2648:
2629:
2602:
2593:the original
2587:
2569:
2565:
2543:
2524:
2514:
2500:
2461:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2356:Anna Comnena
2355:
2347:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2297:
2288:
2267:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2160:
2148:
2139:
2135:
2126:
2114:
2093:
2084:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2024:
2004:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1694:Garland 2007
1668:
1659:
1650:
1627:Garland 1999
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1583:
1574:
1561:
1544:
1439:
1427:
1401:
1390:Anna Komnene
1380:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:Resurrection
1322:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1211:Thessalonica
1125:and his son
1051:
1035:
1022:
1014:
1012:
997:
969:
954:
921:Philadelphia
866:
823:
808:rulers like
806:
776:Seljuq Turks
757:
702:
667:and his son
662:
649:co-emperor.
643:
629:marriage to
615:
607:
591:
577:Hagia Sophia
573:
557:
538:
501:
476:
470:Seljuk Turks
443:
415:
386:and his son
361:
349:Seljuk Turks
335:
318:
296:
295:
184:Anna Komnene
160:(aged 61–62)
104:4 April 1081
71:
54:
43:
5153:Nobilissimi
5088:1118 deaths
4363:(1224–1242)
4357:(1204–1461)
4146:Konstantios
4023:Christopher
3996:Constantine
3986:Michael III
3967:Constantine
3950:Constantine
3932:Theophylact
3861:Philippicus
3811:Constans II
3736:Justinian I
3632:Severus III
3580:Constans II
3334:Claudius II
3310:Silbannacus
3257:Gordian III
3232:Maximinus I
3200:Diadumenian
3011:(1092–1118)
3002:(1081–1088)
2462:The Alexiad
2436:Varzos 1984
2421:Varzos 1984
2409:Varzos 1984
2397:Varzos 1984
2385:Varzos 1984
2313:14 November
2153:Sewter 1969
2119:Thomas 2016
1453: 1129
1169:Rhapsomates
1139:of Alexios.
961:Constantine
897:John Doukas
673:Dyrrhachium
671:, who took
477:Parapinakes
362:The son of
328: 1057
221:Zoe Komnene
109:Predecessor
74:written by
5067:Categories
4140:Andronikos
4128:Nikephoros
4077:Michael IV
4042:Romanos II
3962:Theophilos
3957:Michael II
3938:Staurakios
3922:Staurakios
3894:Nikephoros
3887:Artabasdos
3799:Heraclonas
3756:Theodosius
3714:Basiliscus
3474:Nepotianus
3467:Magnentius
3461:Constans I
3414:Severus II
3394:Diocletian
3339:Quintillus
3304:Aemilianus
3297:Volusianus
3242:Gordian II
3207:Elagabalus
3070:Principate
2852:16 October
2165:Hendy 1999
2049:31 October
1987:31 October
1312:tetarteron
1307:hyperpyron
1290:hyperpyron
1270:hyperpyron
1265:hyperpyron
1259:histamenon
1253:tetarteron
1235:hyperpyron
1109:Dyrrachium
1032:Succession
972:Malik Shah
965:Strategion
814:pilgrimage
772:Asia Minor
768:Adrianople
713:Paulicians
581:Cappadocia
541:conspiracy
489:Asia Minor
129:Co-emperor
100:Coronation
4382:Classical
4367:Empresses
4351:(286–296)
4345:(267–273)
4339:(260–274)
4082:Michael V
4008:Alexander
3821:Heraclius
3789:Heraclius
3741:Justin II
3651:Glycerius
3638:Anthemius
3508:Procopius
3446:Martinian
3425:Maxentius
3354:Florianus
3327:Saloninus
3322:Gallienus
3291:Hostilian
3267:Philip II
3237:Gordian I
3185:Caracalla
3120:Vespasian
3115:Vitellius
2872:ignored (
2862:cite book
2832:Alexios 1
2786:960237360
2670:834784634
2572:: 41–69.
2459:(1969) ,
2044:ThoughtCo
1645:Bury 1911
1629:, p. 187.
1577:, a. 1081
1575:Chronicon
1207:Bulgarian
1123:Trebizond
1000:Paulician
952:in 1108.
893:Dorylaion
838:mercenary
753:Levounion
717:Pechenegs
495:, and in
440:Biography
399:Pechenegs
332:Latinized
312:translit.
259:Komnenian
135:(1081–87)
119:Successor
4445:and the
4439:Komnenoi
4377:Usurpers
4372:Augustae
4330:See also
4235:Nicholas
4057:Basil II
3854:Tiberius
3839:Leontius
3827:Tiberius
3804:Tiberius
3782:610–1453
3777:Eastern/
3731:Justin I
3684:Arcadius
3644:Olybrius
3626:Majorian
3567:Honorius
3546:Eugenius
3481:Vetranio
3431:Licinius
3404:Galerius
3399:Maximian
3384:Dominate
3374:Numerian
3344:Aurelian
3317:Valerian
3262:Philip I
3252:Balbinus
3247:Pupienus
3195:Macrinus
3170:Pertinax
3165:Commodus
3130:Domitian
3095:Claudius
3090:Caligula
3085:Tiberius
3080:Augustus
2952:Komnenos
2770:, Ecco,
2720:(1984).
2628:(1995),
2513:(1854),
2489:(1911).
1504:See also
1469:and (2)
1318:noummion
1302:stamenon
1281:electrum
1231:Scyphate
1099:Armenian
1081:estates.
934:Tatikios
926:Laodicea
819:Kerbogha
733:Silistra
711:and the
709:Bogomils
685:Thessaly
669:Bohemond
472:. under
413:allies.
395:Henry IV
388:Bohemond
285:Religion
4441:of the
4387:Eastern
4287:Matthew
4181:Alexios
4029:Stephen
3991:Basil I
3876:Leo III
3751:Maurice
3694:Marcian
3677:395–610
3601:Joannes
3560:395–480
3514:Gratian
3387:284–610
3369:Carinus
3349:Tacitus
3225:235–285
3145:Hadrian
2954:dynasty
2889:(ed.),
2683:1 April
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