570:
599:
609:. Here three identical alkyl groups attached to carbon atoms 2, 3, and 3. The numbers are included in the name to avoid ambiguity about the position of the groups, and "tri" indicates that there are three identical methyl groups. If one of the methyl groups attached to the third carbon atom were instead an ethyl group, then the name would be 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane. When there are different alkyl groups, they are listed in alphabetical order.
1006:
961:
915:
872:
20:
1727:"Alkyl" was coined without fanfare by Johannes Wislicenus, professor at Würzburg; an early use (perhaps not the first) is in his 1882 article . The word was derived from the first three letters of "Alkoholradicale" combined with the suffix -yl; it was (and is) a generic term for any of those radicals who bear the "first names" methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, etc.
28:
592:. This name is, however, ambiguous, as the methyl branch could be on various carbon atoms. Thus, the name is 3-methylpentane to avoid ambiguity: The 3- is because the methyl is attached to the third of the five carbon atoms.
588:(highlighted blue). The methyl "substituent" or "group" is highlighted red. According to the usual rules of nomenclature, alkyl groups are included in the name of the molecule before the root, as in
1496:
Mallavadhani UV, Sahoo L, Kumar KP, Murty US (2013). "Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some novel chalcones and flavanones substituted with higher alkyl chains".
1450:
1421:
595:
If there is more than one of the same alkyl group attached to a chain, then the prefixes are used on the alkyl groups to indicate multiples (i.e., di, tri, tetra, etc.)
207:
Usually, alkyl groups are attached to other atoms or groups of atoms. Free alkyls occur as neutral radicals, as anions, or as cations. The cations are called
1784:
2703:
2708:
1402:
396:
1699:
Amyl radicals ("amilène" was coined by
Auguste Cahours in 1840, to designate a substance from potato starch after fermentation and distillation
1720:
1692:
1664:
1636:
612:
In addition, each position on an alkyl chain can be described according to how many other carbon atoms are attached to it. The terms
219:
have no special name. Such species are usually encountered only as transient intermediates. However, persistent alkyl radicals with
1483:
1777:
1361:
134:
1739:
Wisclicenus, Johannes (1882). "Ueber die Schätzung von
Haftenenergien der Halogene und des Natriums an organischen Resten".
2607:
1357:
378:, e.g. cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl. The formula of alkyl radicals are the same as alkyl groups, except the free valence "
1671:
The methyl radical ... named from Greek roots, by Dumas and
Peligot in 1834: methyl = methy + hyle ("spirit" + "wood")
2180:
1770:
1341:
137:
are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example,
55:
is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of
2217:
2690:
144:
In chemistry, alkyl is a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fragments. For example,
2590:
606:
228:
2736:
2731:
2697:
2585:
145:
2666:
2111:
105:, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is
227:
and alkyl anions are observed in the presence of strong bases. Alkyl radicals can be generated by a
1972:
1365:
1353:
180:
1643:
Ethyl radicals (named by Liebig in 1833 from the Greek and German word "aether" plus Greek "hyle"
1513:
652:
558:
The prefixes taken from IUPAC nomenclature are used to name branched chained structures by their
248:
232:
184:
102:
580:
is viewed as consisting of two parts. First, five atoms comprise the longest straight chain of
2656:
2626:
2384:
2006:
1716:
1688:
1660:
1632:
1609:
1591:
1552:
625:
260:
236:
36:
2361:
1855:
1793:
1748:
1599:
1583:
1544:
1505:
1464:
1435:
663:
617:
569:
240:
138:
81:
2580:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2300:
2101:
1850:
1368:
in or before 1882, based on the German word "Alkoholradikale" and then-common suffix -yl.
1340:
in 1833 from the German word "Äther" (which in turn had been derived from the Greek word "
621:
577:
563:
1480:
1005:
223:"from seconds to years" have been prepared. Typically alkyl cations are generated using
2651:
2646:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2305:
2272:
2056:
2038:
2028:
1604:
1571:
960:
613:
383:
382:" is replaced by the dot "•" and adding "radical" to the name of the alkyl group (e.g.
914:
598:
2725:
2671:
2619:
2550:
2436:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2406:
2356:
2351:
2267:
2262:
2252:
2106:
2061:
2023:
2011:
1982:
1860:
1345:
589:
188:
1460:
1431:
871:
2602:
2489:
2484:
2461:
2212:
2051:
1977:
1914:
1909:
1887:
1843:
1828:
1818:
1532:
1517:
678:
644:
628:
refer to a carbon attached to one, two, three, or four other carbons respectively.
522:
512:
502:
216:
127:
is the addition of alkyl groups to molecules, often by alkylating agents such as
2661:
2614:
2575:
2456:
2344:
2329:
2324:
2312:
1877:
1872:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1801:
1587:
1455:
1426:
1397:
711:
559:
517:
507:
295:
208:
77:
1572:"Generation of Alkyl Radicals: From the Tyranny of Tin to the Photon Democracy"
2570:
2561:
2441:
2396:
2292:
2257:
2247:
2187:
2123:
2046:
1994:
1509:
128:
124:
19:
1752:
1595:
1556:
1459:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1430:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
2537:
2451:
2416:
2401:
2389:
2232:
2207:
2016:
1468:
1439:
224:
220:
212:
192:
1613:
148:
have the empirical formula Li(alkyl), where alkyl = methyl, ethyl, etc. A
2545:
2499:
2466:
2162:
2068:
1942:
1897:
1882:
196:
48:
1548:
191:. This strategy has been used to increase the antimicrobial activity of
141:
are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons.
2507:
2431:
2282:
2277:
2242:
2227:
2222:
2192:
2175:
1999:
1926:
1892:
585:
2595:
2527:
2371:
2080:
2073:
1967:
1948:
1937:
1921:
1867:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1337:
748:
581:
346:
312:
282:
244:
106:
44:
1762:
27:
2476:
2446:
2379:
2237:
2202:
2197:
2170:
2118:
2085:
1989:
1813:
361:), and so on. Alkyl groups that contain one ring have the formula
329:
153:
1904:
1392:
1349:
1766:
1713:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1685:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1657:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
1629:
From the
Molecular World: A Nineteenth-Century Science Fantasy
597:
568:
16:
Chemical group derived from alkanes (one hydrogen removed)
101:. Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In
1336:
The first named alkyl radical was ethyl, named so by
2639:
2559:
2536:
2498:
2475:
2370:
2291:
2161:
2138:
2094:
2037:
1960:
1935:
1800:
1352:), meaning "matter". This was followed by methyl (
584:centers. The parent five-carbon compound is named
1570:Crespi, Stefano; Fagnoni, Maurizio (2020-09-09).
1344:" meaning "air", for the substance now known as
1531:Griller, David; Ingold, Keith U. (1976-01-01).
263:. The simplest series have the general formula
183:, the incorporation of alkyl chains into some
1778:
1360:in 1834, meaning "spirit of wood") and amyl (
1289:3-methylbutan-2-yl (or (1,2-Dimethylpropyl))
8:
1251:pentan-3-yl (also known as (1-Ethylpropyl))
1110:2-methylbutan-2-yl (aka 1,1-dimethylpropyl)
1364:in 1840). The word alkyl was introduced by
156:with two alkyl groups, e.g., diethyl ether
2158:
1957:
1785:
1771:
1763:
1603:
1486:2016-05-21 at the Portuguese Web Archive
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1015:
990:
986:
948:
944:
940:
902:
898:
894:
859:
855:
851:
847:
826:
809:
805:
775:
771:
767:
742:
725:
721:
705:
688:
672:
636:
630:
401:
388:
370:
364:
357:
353:
340:
336:
323:
319:
306:
302:
289:
272:
266:
167:
163:
159:
112:
93:
87:
64:
58:
26:
18:
1414:
1403:IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
1479:Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry
1533:"Persistent carbon-centered radicals"
80:by removal of a hydrogen atom from a
7:
395:The naming convention is taken from
203:Alkyl cations, anions, and radicals
1456:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1427:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
235:. Alkyls are commonly observed in
14:
1221:pentan-2-yl(or (1-Methylbutyl))
1004:
959:
913:
870:
135:Alkylating antineoplastic agents
1:
1537:Accounts of Chemical Research
1498:Medicinal Chemistry Research
243:. Simple alkyls (especially
84:and has the general formula
1588:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278
2755:
1348:) and the Greek word ύλη (
605:This compound is known as
2680:
1510:10.1007/s00044-013-0876-x
1012:
823:
739:
1753:10.1002/jlac.18822120107
1715:. Springer. p. 62.
1687:. Springer. p. 62.
1659:. Springer. p. 62.
1631:. Springer. p. 62.
1481:Naming Organic Compounds
211:. The anions are called
2691:chemical classification
1469:10.1351/goldbook.C01498
1440:10.1351/goldbook.A00228
405:Number of carbon atoms
1173:No longer recommended
1138:No longer recommended
1107:No longer recommended
607:2,3,3-trimethylpentane
602:
573:
247:) are observed in the
229:photochemical reaction
175:In medicinal chemistry
146:alkyl lithium reagents
32:
24:
2698:chemical nomenclature
660:Preferred IUPAC name
601:
572:
30:
22:
1711:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1683:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1655:Rocke, Alan (2012).
1627:Rocke, Alan (2012).
562:groups, for example
215:. The neutral alkyl
2154:not C, H or O)
1549:10.1021/ar50097a003
1366:Johannes Wislicenus
1148:isopentyl, isoamyl
1141:2,2-dimethylpropyl
181:medicinal chemistry
109:, with the formula
103:structural formulae
2596:Hypervalent iodine
603:
574:
397:IUPAC nomenclature
259:Alkyl groups form
249:interstellar space
233:homolytic cleavage
185:chemical compounds
76:is derived from a
33:
25:
2719:
2718:
2657:Sulfenyl chloride
2635:
2634:
2134:
2133:
1953:(only C, H and O)
1794:Functional groups
1722:978-3-642-27415-2
1694:978-3-642-27415-2
1666:978-3-642-27415-2
1638:978-3-642-27415-2
1582:(17): 9790–9833.
1461:cycloalkyl groups
1329:
1328:
1265:-isoamyl, siamyl
653:Condensed formula
576:The structure of
555:
554:
280:. Alkyls include
261:homologous series
241:organic compounds
237:mass spectrometry
139:nitrogen mustards
37:organic chemistry
2744:
2686:
2591:Trifluoromethoxy
2159:
2155:
1958:
1954:
1807:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1756:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1576:Chemical Reviews
1567:
1561:
1560:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1504:(6): 2900–2908.
1493:
1487:
1477:
1471:
1448:
1442:
1419:
1318:
1284:
1246:
1216:
1170:
1135:
1104:
1059:
1018:
1008:
993:
963:
951:
917:
905:
874:
862:
829:
812:
778:
745:
728:
708:
691:
675:
664:Skeletal formula
641:
631:
402:
391:
381:
377:
360:
343:
326:
309:
292:
279:
187:increases their
170:
120:Related concepts
115:
100:
74:cycloalkyl group
71:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2684:
2676:
2631:
2586:Trichloromethyl
2581:Trifluoromethyl
2555:
2532:
2494:
2471:
2366:
2335:Phosphine oxide
2287:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2130:
2090:
2033:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1761:
1760:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1449:
1445:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1374:
1362:Auguste Cahours
1334:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1017:
1013:
992:
988:
984:
950:
946:
942:
938:
910:2-methylpropyl
904:
900:
896:
892:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
828:
824:
811:
807:
803:
777:
773:
769:
765:
744:
740:
727:
723:
719:
707:
703:
690:
686:
674:
670:
640:
634:
578:3-methylpentane
564:3-methylpentane
557:
390:
386:
379:
376:
368:
362:
359:
355:
351:
342:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
308:
304:
300:
291:
287:
278:
270:
264:
257:
205:
177:
169:
165:
161:
157:
122:
114:
110:
99:
91:
85:
70:
62:
56:
23:Isopropyl group
17:
12:
11:
5:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2672:Sulfinylamines
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Phosphoramides
2649:
2647:Isothiocyanate
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:Selenenic acid
2520:
2518:Seleninic acid
2515:
2513:Selenonic acid
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2306:Phosphodiester
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2152:(one element,
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2029:Methylenedioxy
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1955:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1810:
1808:
1806:(only C and H)
1798:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1731:
1721:
1703:
1693:
1675:
1665:
1647:
1637:
1619:
1562:
1523:
1488:
1472:
1443:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:2-methylbutyl
1321:
1319:
1299:
1297:
1296:active pentyl
1293:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1269:
1266:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1197:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:3-methylbutyl
1174:
1171:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1085:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1036:
1025:
1024:-pentyl, amyl
1019:
1010:
1009:
1002:
996:
994:
982:
972:
965:
964:
957:
954:
952:
936:
926:
919:
918:
911:
908:
906:
890:
880:
876:
875:
868:
865:
863:
843:
836:
830:
821:
820:
818:
815:
813:
801:
791:
787:
786:
784:
781:
779:
763:
756:
746:
737:
736:
734:
731:
729:
717:
714:
709:
700:
699:
697:
694:
692:
684:
681:
676:
667:
666:
661:
658:
655:
650:
647:
642:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
384:methyl radical
256:
253:
204:
201:
176:
173:
121:
118:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2551:Telluroketone
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Sulfonic acid
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Sulfinic acid
2425:
2423:
2422:Thiosulfonate
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:Thiosulfinate
2410:
2408:
2407:Sulfenic acid
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2362:Phosphaallene
2360:
2358:
2357:Phosphaalkyne
2355:
2353:
2352:Phosphaalkene
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2137:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Ethylenedioxy
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:diethyl ether
1343:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
983:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:
962:
958:
955:
953:
937:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
916:
912:
909:
907:
891:
888:
884:
881:
878:
877:
873:
869:
866:
864:
844:
841:
837:
834:
831:
822:
819:
816:
814:
802:
799:
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
782:
780:
764:
761:
757:
754:
750:
747:
738:
735:
732:
730:
718:
715:
713:
710:
702:
701:
698:
695:
693:
685:
682:
680:
677:
669:
668:
665:
662:
659:
657:IUPAC status
656:
654:
651:
648:
646:
643:
639:
633:
632:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
600:
596:
593:
591:
590:methylpentane
587:
583:
579:
571:
567:
565:
561:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
400:
398:
393:
385:
374:
367:
349:
348:
332:
331:
315:
314:
298:
297:
285:
284:
276:
269:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:free radicals
214:
210:
202:
200:
198:
194:
190:
189:lipophilicity
186:
182:
174:
172:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
130:
129:alkyl halides
126:
119:
117:
108:
104:
97:
90:
83:
79:
75:
68:
61:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
21:
2737:Substituents
2732:Alkyl groups
2696:
2689:
2603:Vinyl halide
2560:
2490:Borinic acid
2485:Boronic acid
2462:Thioxanthate
1802:Hydrocarbons
1744:
1740:
1734:
1726:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1656:
1650:
1642:
1628:
1622:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1543:(1): 13–19.
1540:
1536:
1526:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1475:
1454:
1446:
1432:alkyl groups
1425:
1417:
1335:
1262:
1261:-isopentyl,
1258:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1035:-Pe, Pe, Am
1032:
1028:
1021:
998:
978:
974:
968:
932:
928:
922:
886:
882:
839:
832:
797:
793:
759:
752:
645:Trivial name
637:
611:
604:
594:
575:
556:
394:
372:
365:
345:
328:
311:
294:
281:
274:
267:
258:
255:Nomenclature
209:carbocations
206:
178:
152:ether is an
149:
143:
133:
123:
95:
88:
73:
66:
59:
52:
47:missing one
40:
34:
31:Methyl group
2667:Thiocyanate
2662:Sulfonamide
2627:Perchlorate
2615:Acyl halide
2576:Fluoroethyl
2457:Thionoester
2345:Phosphonium
2330:Phosphinate
2325:Phosphonous
2313:Phosphonate
2012:Hydroperoxy
1834:Cyclopropyl
1747:: 239–250.
1398:Hydrocarbon
560:substituent
551:Tetradecyl
499:Group name
78:cycloalkane
51:. The term
41:alkyl group
2726:Categories
2571:Haloalkane
2442:Thioketone
2397:Persulfide
2293:Phosphorus
2258:Isocyanate
2248:Isonitrile
2149:or oxygen
2147:hydrogen,
2143:not being
2124:Orthoester
2017:Dioxiranes
1995:Enol ether
1883:1-Propenyl
1409:References
1117:neopentyl
790:isopropyl
626:quaternary
494:tetradec-
225:superacids
221:half-lives
213:carbanions
193:flavanones
125:Alkylation
2704:inorganic
2538:Tellurium
2452:Thioester
2417:Sulfoxide
2402:Disulfide
2390:Sulfonium
2340:Phosphine
2318:Phosphite
2301:Phosphate
2233:Carbamate
2208:Hydrazone
2141:element,
2139:Only one
2112:Anhydride
1851:Methylene
1741:Ann. Chem
1596:0009-2665
1557:0001-4842
1332:Etymology
1228:3-pentyl
879:isobutyl
817:2-propyl
618:secondary
548:Tridecyl
251:as well.
197:chalcones
2685:See also
2620:Chloride
2546:Tellurol
2500:Selenium
2467:Xanthate
2181:Ammonium
2163:Nitrogen
2145:carbon,
2102:Carboxyl
2069:Aldehyde
2057:Acryloyl
2039:carbonyl
1943:hydrogen
1898:Cumulene
1614:32786419
1484:Archived
1372:See also
1276:)−CH(−CH
1196:-Pe, Pe
1186:-pentyl
1084:-Pe, Pe
1074:-pentyl
1027:Pe, Am,
981:-Bu, Bu
956:2-butyl
935:-Bu, Bu
889:-Bu, Bu
842:-Bu, Bu
758:Pr, Pr,
755:-propyl
622:tertiary
545:Dodecyl
542:Undecyl
491:tridec-
49:hydrogen
2709:organic
2508:Selenol
2432:Sulfone
2385:Sulfide
2283:NONOate
2278:Nitroso
2268:Nitrite
2263:Nitrate
2253:Cyanate
2243:Nitrile
2228:Amidine
2223:Imidate
2193:Nitrene
2188:Hydrazo
2176:Enamine
2107:Acetoxy
2095:carboxy
2062:Benzoyl
2000:Epoxide
1983:Methoxy
1973:Alcohol
1927:Carbene
1861:Methine
1605:8009483
1518:5159000
1358:Peligot
1306:−CH(−CH
1272:−CH(−CH
1234:−CH(−CH
1200:−CH(−CH
1162:−CH(−CH
1064:pentyl
1001:-butyl
971:-butyl
939:−CH(−CH
925:-butyl
897:−CH(−CH
835:-butyl
804:−CH(−CH
800:-Pr,Pr
783:propyl
696:methyl
649:Symbol
614:primary
586:pentane
530:Heptyl
488:dodec-
485:undec-
452:Prefix
150:dialkyl
2608:Iodide
2528:Selone
2372:Sulfur
2081:Ketone
2074:Ketene
2052:Acetyl
2007:Peroxy
1978:Alkoxy
1968:Acetal
1949:oxygen
1938:carbon
1922:Alkyne
1915:Benzyl
1910:Phenyl
1893:Allene
1888:Crotyl
1868:Alkene
1856:Bridge
1844:Pentyl
1829:Propyl
1819:Methyl
1719:
1691:
1663:
1635:
1612:
1602:
1594:
1555:
1516:
1388:Alkyne
1383:Alkene
1378:Alkane
1342:aither
1338:Liebig
1127:−C(−CH
1088:−C(−CH
985:−C(−CH
867:butyl
749:propyl
733:ethyl
679:methyl
624:, and
582:carbon
539:Decyl
536:Nonyl
533:Octyl
527:Hexyl
523:Pentyl
513:Propyl
503:Methyl
473:hept-
467:pent-
461:prop-
455:meth-
347:pentyl
313:propyl
283:methyl
245:methyl
231:or by
107:methyl
45:alkane
43:is an
2640:Other
2477:Boron
2447:Thial
2380:Thiol
2273:Nitro
2238:Imide
2218:Amide
2203:Oxime
2198:Imine
2171:Amine
2119:Ester
2086:Ynone
1990:Ether
1961:R-O-R
1936:Only
1878:Allyl
1873:Vinyl
1839:Butyl
1824:Ethyl
1814:Alkyl
1514:S2CID
1451:IUPAC
1422:IUPAC
1354:Dumas
712:ethyl
518:Butyl
508:Ethyl
482:dec-
479:non-
476:oct-
470:hex-
464:but-
458:eth-
330:butyl
296:ethyl
154:ether
53:alkyl
39:, an
2562:Halo
2047:Acyl
1947:and
1905:Aryl
1717:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1610:PMID
1592:ISSN
1553:ISSN
1393:Aryl
1356:and
1350:hyle
1310:)−CH
1268:Sia
1204:)−CH
1192:Pe,
1080:Pe,
1072:tert
1031:Pe,
999:tert
977:Bu,
969:tert
943:)−CH
931:Bu,
885:Bu,
838:Bu,
796:Pr,
762:-Pr
195:and
158:O(CH
82:ring
72:. A
2213:Azo
1749:doi
1745:212
1600:PMC
1584:doi
1580:120
1545:doi
1506:doi
1465:doi
1463:".
1436:doi
1434:".
1314:−CH
1302:−CH
1263:sec
1259:sec
1238:−CH
1212:−CH
1208:−CH
1184:sec
1158:−CH
1154:−CH
1123:−CH
1100:−CH
1096:−CH
1055:−CH
1051:−CH
1047:−CH
1043:−CH
1039:−CH
947:−CH
923:sec
893:−CH
858:−CH
854:−CH
850:−CH
846:−CH
774:−CH
770:−CH
766:−CH
724:−CH
720:−CH
716:Et
687:−CH
683:Ме
447:14
444:13
441:12
438:11
435:10
392:).
387:•CH
344:),
327:),
310:),
293:),
288:−CH
286:, (
239:of
179:In
131:.
111:−CH
35:In
2728::
1945:,
1940:,
1743:.
1725:.
1697:.
1669:.
1641:.
1608:.
1598:.
1590:.
1578:.
1574:.
1551:.
1539:.
1535:.
1512:.
1502:23
1500:.
1453:,
1424:,
751:,
620:,
616:,
566::
432:9
429:8
426:7
423:6
420:5
417:4
414:3
411:2
408:1
399::
375:−1
363:−C
358:11
352:−C
335:−C
318:−C
301:−C
277:+1
265:−C
199:.
171:.
162:CH
116:.
98:−1
86:−C
69:+1
57:−C
1786:e
1779:t
1772:v
1755:.
1751::
1616:.
1586::
1559:.
1547::
1541:9
1520:.
1508::
1467::
1438::
1316:3
1312:2
1308:3
1304:2
1282:2
1280:)
1278:3
1274:3
1244:2
1242:)
1240:3
1236:2
1214:3
1210:2
1206:2
1202:3
1194:s
1190:s
1168:2
1166:)
1164:3
1160:2
1156:2
1133:3
1131:)
1129:3
1125:2
1102:3
1098:2
1094:2
1092:)
1090:3
1082:t
1078:t
1057:3
1053:2
1049:2
1045:2
1041:2
1033:n
1029:n
1022:n
1016:5
1014:С
991:3
989:)
987:3
979:t
975:t
949:3
945:2
941:3
933:s
929:s
903:2
901:)
899:3
895:2
887:i
883:i
860:3
856:2
852:2
848:2
840:n
833:n
827:4
825:С
810:2
808:)
806:3
798:i
794:i
776:3
772:2
768:2
760:n
753:n
743:3
741:С
726:3
722:2
706:2
704:С
689:3
673:1
671:С
638:n
635:C
389:3
380:−
373:n
371:2
369:H
366:n
356:H
354:5
350:(
341:9
339:H
337:4
333:(
324:7
322:H
320:3
316:(
307:5
305:H
303:2
299:(
290:3
275:n
273:2
271:H
268:n
168:2
166:)
164:3
160:2
113:3
96:n
94:2
92:H
89:n
67:n
65:2
63:H
60:n
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