448:; Imam Hussein Suicide Squad, Jundallah and the Association of Muslim Students. In 1986 his "close supervision" of Hezbollah was cut short when the Office of Islamic Liberation was reassigned to Iran's ministry of foreign affairs. He is also described as having made "liberal" use of the diplomatic pouch as Ambassador, bringing in "crates" of material from Iran. He remained among radical hard line parties even when he was chosen as the minister of the interior in the government of
502:'s (UNTSO) observer group in Lebanon who was taken hostage on 17 February 1988 by Lebanese pro-Iranian Shia radicals. The killing of Higgins is said to have come "from orders issued by Iranian radicals, most notably Mohtashemi," in an effort to prevent "improvement in the U.S.–Iranian relationship." It also came from alleged involvement in the December 1988 bombing of
1306:
565:
holy places when he was serving as
Iranian ambassador to Damascus. As he opened the package it detonated, blowing off his hand and severely wounding him. Mohtashami was medevaced to Europe and survived the blast to continue his work. The identity of the perpetrators of the attack was long unknown,
33:
431:
Following the
Iranian revolution he served as Iran's ambassador to Syria from 1982 to 1986. He later became Iran's minister of interior. While ambassador to Syria, he is thought to have played a "pivotal role" in the creation of the Lebanese radical Shia organization
459:
ousted
Mohtashami from the Lebanon desk of the Iranian ministry of foreign affairs and replaced him with his brother Mahmud Hashemi. This was seen as an indication of Iran's downgrading of its support for Hezbollah and for a revolutionary foreign policy in general.
796:
436:, working "within the framework of the Department for Islamic Liberation Movements run by the Iranian Pasdaran." Mohtashami "actively supervised" Hezbollah's creation, merging into it existing radical Shi'ite movements; the
534:
who is famous for having championed free expression and civil rights. Mohtashemi was in the
Western news again in 2000, not as a hardline radical but for refusing to appear in court in Iran after his pro-reform newspaper,
1690:
785:
1665:
1251:
1705:
704:
1112:
1675:
1083:
643:
499:
372:
In an
Israeli assassination attempt targeting Mohtashami, he lost his right hand when he opened a book loaded with explosives. He died on June 7th, 2021 from
824:
1710:
487:
479:
1197:
1670:
1482:
542:
Behzad Nabavi and Ali Akbar
Mohtashami were among those who were prevented by the Guardian council from taking part in the elections of Majlis.
159:
130:
1660:
865:
1650:
1259:
1695:
1445:
1316:
475:
1310:
617:
1645:
285:
417:
1212:
715:
1183:
1006:
Nassif Hitti, "Lebanon in Iran's
Foreign Policy: Opportunities and Constraints," in Hosshang Amirahmadi and Nader Entessar
549:, who succeeded to organise à conference in the Belgian Parliament and infiltrated the British Parliament with the help of
1680:
1655:
437:
109:
1321:
668:
1116:
483:
1491:
1475:
1090:
518:
Ayatollah
Mohtashemi: (...) and was the one who paid the same amount to bomb Pan Am Flight 103 in retaliation for the
507:
44:
526:
While
Mohtashami was a strong opponent of Western influence in the Muslim world and of the existence of the state of
1522:
445:
219:
1685:
377:
1327:
174:
1517:
853:
456:
366:
354:
1414:
832:
1597:
1592:
1562:
1452:
1165:
1547:
1532:
1527:
1468:
261:
89:
463:
In August 1991 he regained some of his influence when he became chairman of the defense committee of the
1567:
1344:
295:
1406:
545:
In 2001, he created the IUPFP that was directed as of 2008 by the
Lebanese-Belgian Hezbollah-activist
1640:
1635:
1572:
1392:
478:
and Syrian military intelligence, in the supervision of Hezbollah's suicide bomb attacks against the
1507:
771:
594:
He died on 7 June 2021, aged 73, at Khatam ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran of complications related to
571:
519:
207:
77:
1700:
1396:
1382:
495:
413:
358:
574:, revealed that the Israelis were behind the assassination attempt. The Israeli Prime Minister,
1512:
861:
503:
350:
1582:
1557:
1436:
894:
784:
546:
531:
334:
1607:
1587:
1460:
791:
687:
310:
1184:"Ecolo-kamerlid loodst Hezbollah in het parlement (Green MP gets Hezbollah in Parliament"
753:
Ali Akbar Mohtashemi explaining story of assassination attempt and how he lost his hand.
32:
1552:
1542:
1440:
1359:
880:"A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hizbullah-Iran-Syria Relationship"
621:
575:
464:
101:
561:
In 1984, after the Beirut bombings, Mohtashami received a parcel containing a book on
1629:
767:
672:
567:
550:
1137:
1602:
1374:
583:
441:
405:
314:
195:
65:
514:), a member of the Iranian government, paid US$ 10 million for the bombing:
1152:
Iran and the rise of Neoconsevatives, the politics of Tehran's silent Revolution
318:
1577:
346:
305:
433:
362:
1322:
Analysis: Iran Sends Terror-Group Supporters To Arafat's Funeral Procession
1093:, DOI 910200, page 49/50 (Pages 7 and 8 in PDF document, see also p. 111ff)
408:. He also accompanied Khomeini during his period in exile in both Iraq and
365:
movement in Lebanon as well as one of the "radical elements advocating the
1305:
752:
595:
401:
393:
373:
1285:
Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis
879:
449:
421:
579:
578:
personally signed the assassination order, after being given them by
530:, he was also a supporter and advisor of reformist Iranian president
527:
409:
257:
898:
425:
397:
389:
858:
Beware of Small States. Lebanon, battleground of the Middle East.
392:
Iraq, where he spent considerable time with his mentor Ayatollah
1169:
562:
428:, aiming at assisting liberation movements in Muslim countries.
1464:
1691:
Heads of reformist fractions in Islamic Consultative Assembly
1252:"Iran cleric who founded Hezbollah, survived book bomb, dies"
786:"Iran cleric who founded Hezbollah, survived book bomb, dies"
644:"Patriots and Reformists: Behzad Nabavi and Mostafa Tajzadeh"
1113:""Iran opens 'largest' conference on Palestinian intifada""
482:
in April 1983, the American and French contingents of the
1198:"UK/Palestine – Meeting in Parliament with Jeremy Corbyn"
494:
and to have been instrumental in the killing of Lt. Col.
825:"How Hezbollah Founder Fell Foul of Iranian Government"
1317:
Tehran, Washington, and Terror: No Agreement to Differ
396:. During the 1970s he received military training in a
341:; 30 August 1947 – 7 June 2021), also known as
1150:
Anoushiravan Enteshami & Mahjoob Zweiri (2007).
304:
291:
281:
267:
244:
239:
225:
213:
201:
191:
173:
165:
155:
136:
126:
107:
95:
83:
71:
61:
43:
23:
1328:How Hezbollah Founder Fell Foul of Iranian Regime
669:Iran: Early Race For Clerical Assembly Gets Bitter
412:. He co-founded an armed group in the 1970s with
683:
681:
516:
472:
400:camp in Lebanon and lived in a remote village,
1476:
500:United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
8:
1666:Association of Combatant Clerics politicians
620:(in Persian). Iranian Majlis. Archived from
470:More controversially, Mohtashami is thought
1483:
1469:
1461:
1333:
922:Oxford University Press,(1992) pp. 146-151
31:
20:
1706:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
818:
816:
814:
763:
761:
57:28 October 1985 – 29 August 1989
16:Iranian cleric and politician (1947–2021)
947:(Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994) pp. 412–13
474:to have played an active role, with the
606:
388:Mohtashemi studied in the holy city of
151:18 February 1989 – 28 May 1992
510:alleges that Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur (
369:," in the Iranian clerical hierarchy.
160:Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr
131:Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr
1676:Iranian politicians with disabilities
1211:Javedanfar, Meir (24 November 2009).
1060:, 2 November 1983; and 5 October 1984
7:
1138:"Reformist newspaper closed in Iran"
920:The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality?
878:Samii, Abbas William (Winter 2008).
1287:, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997
985:post revolutionary politics In iran
612:
610:
520:US shoot-down of the Iranian Airbus
338:
455:In 1989 the new Iranian president
122:28 May 2000 – 28 May 2004
14:
1711:21st-century Iranian politicians
1304:
943:Roger Faligot and Remi Kauffer,
799:from the original on 7 June 2021
361:and is seen as a founder of the
286:Association of Combatant Clerics
418:Ayatollah Hossein Ali Montazeri
1671:Survivors of terrorist attacks
823:Sadr, Shahryar (8 July 2010).
688:Iranian publisher defies court
1:
1258:. 7 June 2021. Archived from
712:The American Jewish Committee
110:Islamic Consultative Assembly
1661:Ambassadors of Iran to Syria
703:Barsky, Yehudit (May 2003).
498:, the American Chief of the
1091:Defense Intelligence Agency
1010:, Macmillan, (1993), p. 188
508:Defense Intelligence Agency
175:Ambassador of Iran to Syria
1727:
1651:Interior ministers of Iran
1492:Interior Ministers of Iran
1351:Interior minister of Iran
1294:, Simon and Schuster, 2001
480:American embassy in Beirut
446:Islamic Jihad Organization
1696:Iranian campaign managers
1616:
1503:
1449:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1403:
1390:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1213:"Hezbollah's Man in Iran"
1008:Iran and the Modern World
987:. Frank Cass. p. 48.
378:COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
324:
235:
180:
144:
115:
50:
39:
30:
1425:Party political offices
1154:. I.B.Tauris. p. 9.
1140:, BBC News, 25 June 2000
997:sometime after 17 August
457:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
367:export of the revolution
355:Islamic Republic of Iran
45:Minister of the Interior
1646:Politicians from Tehran
1453:Gholamhossein Karbaschi
1311:Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur
983:David Menashri (2001).
557:Attempted assassination
357:. He was active in the
339:سید علیاکبر محتشمیپور
331:Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur
231:Mohammad Hassan Akhtari
25:Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur
524:
492:
488:American embassy annex
467:(parliament) of Iran.
262:Imperial State of Iran
90:Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
1345:Ali Akbar Nategh Nori
1166:"About Us IUPFP site"
1034:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
1021:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
958:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
743:, (1997) pp. 126, 103
741:Hizb'allah in Lebanon
650:. PBS. 11 August 2009
296:Fakhri Mohtashamipour
1681:People without hands
1656:Iranian Shia clerics
1415:Imam's line fraction
1393:Parliamentary leader
1313:at Wikimedia Commons
945:Les Maitres Espions,
831:(43). Archived from
719:(Terrorism Briefing)
618:"Parliament members"
553:a few months later.
512:Ayatollah Mohtashemi
1084:"PAN AM Flight 103"
887:Middle East Journal
772:Rise and Kill First
572:Rise and Kill First
484:MNF in October 1983
208:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
78:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
1518:Hashemi Rafsanjani
1383:Hezbollah Assembly
1337:Political offices
1283:Ranstorp, Magnus,
1256:New Haven Register
1172:on 5 October 2013.
960:, (1997) pp. 89–90
918:John L. Esposito,
835:on 10 October 2014
721:on 29 October 2013
624:on 24 October 2015
496:William R. Higgins
490:in September 1984,
414:Mohammad Montazeri
359:Iranian Revolution
349:cleric and former
1623:
1622:
1459:
1458:
1450:Succeeded by
1420:
1407:Hossein Hashemian
1404:Succeeded by
1388:
1357:Succeeded by
1309:Media related to
934:, 23 October 1991
866:978-0-571-23741-8
860:Faber and Faber.
504:Pan AM Flight 103
351:interior minister
345:, was an Iranian
328:
327:
1718:
1686:Iranian amputees
1498:
1497:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1437:Campaign manager
1410:
1378:
1372:Preceded by
1342:Preceded by
1334:
1324:12 November 2004
1308:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:. Archived from
1162:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1115:. Archived from
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:, (1997), p. 146
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1036:, (1997), p. 106
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
988:
980:
974:
967:
961:
954:
948:
941:
935:
929:
923:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
884:
875:
869:
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
820:
809:
808:
806:
804:
788:
781:
775:
765:
756:
750:
744:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
720:
714:. Archived from
709:
700:
694:
685:
676:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
614:
547:Dyab Abou Jahjah
532:Mohammad Khatami
438:Lebanese al-Dawa
340:
300:
274:
254:
252:
240:Personal details
228:
216:
204:
185:
149:
140:717,076 (24.46%)
120:
98:
86:
74:
55:
35:
21:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1455:
1444:
1409:
1400:
1377:
1367:Assembly seats
1362:
1353:
1347:
1301:
1290:Wright, Robin,
1280:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1241:, (2001), p. 89
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1119:on 3 March 2016
1111:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1023:, (1997) p. 104
1018:
1014:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
982:
981:
977:
973:, (2001), p. 88
968:
964:
955:
951:
942:
938:
930:
926:
917:
913:
903:
901:
899:10.3751/62.1.12
882:
877:
876:
872:
852:
848:
838:
836:
822:
821:
812:
802:
800:
795:. 7 June 2021.
792:The Independent
783:
782:
778:
766:
759:
751:
747:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
707:
702:
701:
697:
686:
679:
667:
663:
653:
651:
642:
641:
637:
627:
625:
616:
615:
608:
604:
592:
559:
386:
317:
313:
311:Alavi Institute
298:
282:Political party
276:
272:
256:
250:
248:
226:
214:
202:
186:
181:
169:225,767 (34.1%)
150:
145:
121:
116:
96:
84:
72:
56:
51:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1441:Mehdi Karroubi
1433:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1405:
1402:
1389:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1360:Abdollah Nouri
1358:
1355:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1300:
1299:External links
1297:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1262:on 7 June 2021
1243:
1230:
1203:
1189:
1175:
1157:
1142:
1130:
1104:
1075:
1062:
1058:New York Times
1050:
1048:, 20 June 1985
1046:Foreign Report
1038:
1025:
1012:
999:
990:
975:
962:
949:
936:
924:
911:
870:
846:
810:
776:
757:
745:
732:
695:
677:
661:
635:
605:
603:
600:
591:
588:
576:Yitzhak Shamir
570:, in his book
558:
555:
539:, was banned.
385:
382:
326:
325:
322:
321:
308:
302:
301:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
275:(aged 73)
269:
265:
264:
255:30 August 1947
246:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
222:
217:
211:
210:
205:
203:Prime Minister
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
178:
177:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
113:
112:
108:Member of the
105:
104:
102:Abdollah Nouri
99:
93:
92:
87:
81:
80:
75:
73:Prime Minister
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Rahmani Fazli
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Pourmohammadi
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Mohtashamipur
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Sayyed Javadi
1506:
1505:
1502:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
986:
979:
976:
972:
966:
963:
959:
953:
950:
946:
940:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
915:
912:
900:
896:
892:
888:
881:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
847:
834:
830:
826:
819:
817:
815:
811:
798:
794:
793:
787:
780:
777:
773:
769:
768:Ronen Bergman
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
746:
742:
736:
733:
717:
713:
706:
699:
696:
692:
689:
684:
682:
678:
675:
674:
673:Radio Liberty
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648:Tehran Bureau
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42:
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22:
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1563:Mousavi Lari
1537:
1533:Nategh Nouri
1523:Mahdavi Kani
1496:(since 1979)
1435:
1430:
1413:as Head of "
1412:
1411:
1391:
1381:as Head of "
1380:
1379:
1375:Majid Ansari
1350:
1291:
1284:
1278:Bibliography
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1192:
1178:
1170:the original
1160:
1151:
1145:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:the original
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1078:
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1028:
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927:
919:
914:
902:. Retrieved
893:(1): 32–53.
890:
886:
873:
857:
854:Hirst, David
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:the original
828:
801:. Retrieved
790:
779:
748:
740:
735:
723:. Retrieved
716:the original
711:
698:
693:26 June 2000
690:
671:
664:
652:. Retrieved
647:
638:
628:28 September
626:. Retrieved
622:the original
593:
584:Nahum Admoni
566:but in 2018
560:
544:
541:
536:
525:
517:
511:
493:
473:
469:
462:
454:
442:Islamic Amal
430:
406:Beqaa valley
387:
371:
342:
330:
329:
315:Qom Seminary
277:Tehran, Iran
273:(2021-06-07)
227:Succeeded by
196:Ali Khamenei
182:
156:Constituency
146:
127:Constituency
117:
97:Succeeded by
66:Ali Khamenei
52:
18:
1641:2021 deaths
1636:1947 births
1330:8 July 2010
1292:Sacred Rage
1239:Sacred Rage
971:Sacred Rage
932:Independent
705:"Hizballah"
654:20 February
376:during the
319:Hawza Najaf
271:7 June 2021
220:Ali Motazed
215:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
1630:Categories
1513:Sabbaghian
1401:2000–2004
1397:reformists
1354:1985–1989
1123:31 October
1097:12 January
1071:Hizb'allah
1069:Ranstorp,
1032:Ranstorp,
1019:Ranstorp,
956:Ranstorp,
755:Iran Negah
739:Ranstorp,
602:References
343:Mohtashami
306:Alma mater
251:1947-08-30
1701:Hezbollah
1583:Daneshjoo
1548:Besharati
1528:Nikravesh
1217:Frontline
904:12 August
582:director
506:. The US
434:Hezbollah
416:, son of
404:, in the
384:Biography
363:Hezbollah
292:Relatives
192:President
187:1982–1986
183:In office
147:In office
118:In office
62:President
53:In office
1588:Mahsouli
1558:Tajzadeh
1237:Wright,
1223:8 August
969:Wright,
797:Archived
770:, 2018,
725:5 August
596:COVID-19
486:and the
476:Pasdaran
402:Yammoune
394:Khomeini
374:COVID-19
166:Majority
137:Majority
1573:Hashemi
856:(2010)
839:28 July
774:, ch 21
450:Khomeni
422:Lebanon
353:of the
335:Persian
299:(niece)
1618:Acting
1608:Momeni
1603:Vahidi
1593:Najjar
1578:Kordan
1431:Vacant
1266:7 June
864:
803:7 June
580:Mossad
528:Israel
465:Majlis
410:France
258:Tehran
1553:Nouri
1543:Nouri
1219:. PBS
1087:(PDF)
883:(PDF)
868:p.177
708:(PDF)
590:Death
537:Bayan
426:Syria
420:, in
398:Fatah
390:Najaf
1446:2005
1268:2021
1225:2013
1125:2006
1099:2010
906:2013
862:ISBN
841:2013
805:2021
727:2013
691:BBC,
656:2015
630:2015
563:Shia
424:and
347:Shia
268:Died
245:Born
1439:of
1395:of
895:doi
829:IRN
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