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funeral. When she attended formal White House functions, she was mistaken for the wife of a visiting dignitary; no one could imagine a black woman attending such an event on her own. During
Eisenhower's two administrations, the president resorted first to not calling on her and later to asking for her questions beforehand because she was known to ask such difficult questions, often about race. No other member of the press corps was required to submit their questions before a press conference, and Dunnigan refused. When Kennedy took office, he welcomed Dunnigan's tough questions and answered them frankly.
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daughter to continue her education. A Sunday school teacher intervened, and
Dunnigan was allowed to attend college. By the time she had reached college, Dunnigan had set her sights on becoming a teacher, and completed the teaching course at what is now Kentucky State University. Dunnigan was a teacher in Kentucky public schools from 1924 to 1942. A four-year marriage to Walter Dickenson of Mount Pisgeh ended in divorce in 1930. She married Charles Dunnigan, a childhood friend, on January 8, 1932. The couple had one child, Robert William, and separated in 1953.
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253:. The meager pay she earned teaching forced her to work numerous menial jobs during the summer months, when school was not in session. She washed the tombstones in the white cemetery while working four hours a day in a dairy, cleaning house for a family, and doing washing at night for another family, earning a total of about seven dollars a week.
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newspaper, and reporters covering the U.S. Capitol were required to write for daily publications. Six months later, however, she was granted press clearance, becoming the first
African-American woman to gain accreditation. In 1947 she was named bureau chief of the Associate Negro Press, a position she held for 14 years.
319:, was published in 1974. As its title indicates, the book is an exploration of Dunnigan's life from her childhood in rural Kentucky to her pioneering work both covering the White House and inside it. A new annotated edition of her 1974 autobiography was released in February 2015. This version is entitled
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elected to the Women's
National Press Club. Her association with this and other organizations allowed her to travel extensively in the United States and to Canada, Israel, South America, Africa, Mexico, and the Caribbean. She was honored by Haitian President François Duvalier for her articles on Haiti.
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During her years covering the White House, Dunnigan suffered many of the racial indignities of the time, but also earned a reputation as a hard-hitting reporter. She was barred from entering certain establishments to cover
President Eisenhower, and had to sit with the servants to cover Senator Taft's
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In August 2019, the
Dunnigan monument made its way home to her native Russelville where it resides in the Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park named for her. It was unveiled again during a celebration that included the descendants of Alice Allison Dunnigan. The Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park is located in the
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on
September 21, 2018. After a period of time being honored there for much of the fall of 2018, it was relocated to Dunnigan's native Kentucky. It spent several months at the University of Kentucky, then was relocated again to be featured in the Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri.
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As a young teacher in the segregated Todd County School system, Dunnigan taught courses in
Kentucky history. She quickly learned that her students were almost completely ignorant of the historic contributions of African Americans to the state of Kentucky. She started preparing "Kentucky Fact Sheets"
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In 1948 Dunnigan was one of three
African Americans and one of two women in the press corps that followed President Harry S. Truman's Western campaign, paying her own way to do it. Also that year, she became the first African-American female White House correspondent, and was the first black woman
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won the nomination, but chose
Johnson as his running mate and named Dunnigan education consultant of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. She remained with the committee until 1965. Between 1966 and 1967 she worked as an information specialist for the Department of Labor and
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As a writer for the Associated Negro Press news service, Dunnigan sought press credentials to cover Congress and the Senate. The Standing Committee of Correspondents (newspaper reporters who ran the congressional press galleries) denied her request on the grounds that she was writing for a weekly
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and her mother took in laundry for a living, Dunnigan's family was unusually "well-off" compared to other black families in the area; they owned their own land and had a larger home they expanded on over the years. She and her older half-brother, Russell, were raised in a strict household with an
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Dunnigan's career in journalism began at the age of 13, when she started writing one-sentence news items for the local Owensboro Enterprise newspaper. She completed the ten years available to blacks in the segregated Russellville school system, but her parents saw no benefit in allowing their
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School System, which was segregated at the time. Noticing that her class was not aware of the African American contributions to the Commonwealth, she started to prepare Kentucky Fact Sheets as supplements to required text. They were collected and formed into a manuscript in 1939, and finally
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in 1961 and was an associate editor with the President's Commission on Youth Opportunity from 1967 to 1970. Dunnigan was the first black female member of the Senate and House of Representatives press galleries (1947), and the first black female White House correspondent in 1948.
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emphasis on and an expectation for a strong work ethic. She had few friends as a child, and as a teenager was prohibited from having boyfriends. She started attending school one day a week when she was four years old, and learned to read before entering the first grade.
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A call for government workers went out in 1942, and Dunnigan moved to Washington, D.C., during World War II seeking better pay and a government job. She worked as a federal government employee from 1942 to 1946, and took a year of night courses at
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and handing them out to her students as supplements to the required text. These papers were collected for publication in 1939, but no publisher was willing to take them to press. Associated Publishers Inc. finally published the articles in 1982 as
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was a black-owned weekly that did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead, African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women as "Race men and Race women." Unsure of Dunnigan's abilities, the editor of
241:'s funeral — she covered the event from a seat in the servant's section. Dunnigan was known for her straight-shooting reporting style. Politicians routinely avoided answering her difficult questions, which often involved race issues.
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From 1947 to 1961, she served as chief of the Washington bureau of the Associated Negro Press. In 1947 she was a member of the Senate and House of Representatives press galleries, and in 1948 she became a
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took over the presidency in 1968, Dunnigan, as well as the rest of the Democratic administration, found themselves on their way out of the White House to make way for Nixon's Republican team.
173:, to Willie and Lena Pittman Allison. Dunnigan was of black, Native American, and white descent, with connections to both slave and slave-owning families. Though her father was a
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Despite her extensive work in government and politics, Dunnigan was most proud of her work in journalism, and received more than 50 journalism awards. She died of
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during the 1940s and 1950s, which influenced her to become a civil rights activist. She was inducted into the Kentucky Hall of Fame in 1982.
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Dunnigan reported on Congressional hearings where blacks were referred to as "niggers," was barred from covering a speech by President
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paid her much less than her male counterparts until she could prove her worth. She supplemented her income with other writing jobs.
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On November 30, 2023, the White House named its briefing lectern the Dunnigan-Payne lectern in honor of Alice Dunnigan and
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During her time as a reporter, she became the first black journalist to accompany a president while traveling, covering
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Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and NSC Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby
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created the Dunnigan-Payne Lifetime Achievement Award in memory of Dunnigan and fellow White House reporter
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created the Dunnigan-Payne Lifetime Achievement Award in memory of Dunnigan and fellow White House reporter
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217:. From 1967 to 1970 she was as an associate editor with the President's Commission on Youth Opportunity.
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After her White House days, Dunnigan returned to writing, this time about herself. Her autobiography,
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Dunnigan was inducted into the Black Journalist Hall of Fame in 1985 two years after her death.
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Alone Atop of the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press
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Alone atop the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press
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816:"Black journalist Alice Allison Dunnigan is an inspiration to female journalists like me"
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then as an editorial assistant for the President's Council of Youth Opportunity. When
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in a whites-only theater, and was not allowed to sit with the press to cover Senator
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841:"Alice Dunnigan, First Black Woman to Cover White House, Will Get Statue at Newseum"
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Alice graduated from Knob City High School and upon completing a teaching course at
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877:"'Where she belongs': Alice Dunnigan statue now in permanent Russellville location"
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A life-size bronze portrait statue is part of the Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park in
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Statue of first African American woman to be admitted to White House press corps
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In 1960 Dunnigan left her seat in the press galleries to take a position on
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769:"Meet the first two African American women in the White House press corps"
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Raising Her Voice: African-American women journalists who changed history
132:. She is commemorated by an official Kentucky Historical Society marker.
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The Fascinating Story of Black Kentuckians: Their Heritage and Tradition
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Dunnigan was named education consultant to the President's Committee on
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The Fascinating Story of Black Kentuckians: Their Heritage and Tradition
901:"News Democrat Leader | Dunnigan to be honored with bronze statue"
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Writing for Social Change: Women Journalists, a project for young girls
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Kleber, John E.; Lowell H. Harrison; Thomas Dionysius Clark (1992).
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and cast at Prometheus Foundry, LLC. The statue was unveiled at the
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and is part of the West Kentucky African American Heritage Center.
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James, Edward T.; Barbara Sicherman; Janet Wilson James (2004).
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Dunnigan, Alice; Booker, Carol McCabe; Booker, Simeon (2015).
185:. Her dream was to experience the world through the life of a
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496:, Alice Allison Dunnigan, University of Georgia Press (2015).
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A Black Woman's Experience: From Schoolhouse to White House
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A Black Woman's Experience: From Schoolhouse to White House
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558:"Black History Month Spotlight: Alice Allison Dunnigan"
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credentials, and the first black female member of the
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President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity
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press galleries. She wrote an autobiography entitled
213:. In 1961 she was named education consultant to the
473:"Alice Allison Dunnigan," Great Black Kentuckians,
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989:Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary
515:"10 incredible black women you should know about"
460:, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, 1979)
101:(April 27, 1906 – May 6, 1983) was an American
92:First black journalist to cover the White House
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169:Alice Dunnigan was born April 27, 1906, near
130:Alice A. Dunnigan: A Black Woman's Experience
8:
349:. The bronze monument was created by artist
261:. In 1946 she was offered a job writing for
181:At the age of 13, she began writing for the
16:Journalist, civil rights activist and author
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303:'s campaign for the Democratic nomination.
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465:www.goddesscafe.com/FEMJOUR/dunnigan.html
446:The fascinating story of Black Kentuckians
325:The Fascinating Story of Black Kentuckians
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1468:20th-century American non-fiction writers
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513:Maxouris, Christina (23 February 2019).
323:. During her retirement she also penned
194:Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute
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367:White House Correspondents' Association
155:White House Correspondents' Association
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490:, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
196:, she taught Kentucky History in the
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795:"Alice Allison Dunnigan (1906-1983)"
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334:on May 6, 1983, in Washington, D.C.
84:Journalist and civil-rights activist
1463:20th-century American women writers
475:Kentucky Commission on Human Rights
384:, the first two Black women in the
373:, the first two Black women in the
112:and author. Dunnigan was the first
1453:People from Russellville, Kentucky
1438:African-American women journalists
35:Dunnigan at her interview for the
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488:Moorland-Spingarn Research Center
201:published in 1982 with the title
1458:Kentucky State University alumni
1010:. University Press of Kentucky.
972:. University Press of Kentucky.
953:. University Press of Kentucky.
135:Alice chronicled the decline of
116:female correspondent to receive
37:Black Women Oral History Project
793:Robinson, Yonaia (2018-09-22).
677:. University of Georgia Press.
267:as a Washington correspondent.
1102:Madeline McDowell Breckinridge
360:Russellville Historic District
1:
1087:Nelda Lambert Barton-Collings
968:Crowe-Carraco, Carol (1989).
945:Streitmatter, Rodger (1994).
486:Papers of Alice A. Dunnigan,
458:Interview with Alice Dunnigan
448:(Associated Publishers, 1982)
1443:African-American journalists
991:. Harvard University Press.
839:Zraick, Karen (2018-08-23).
436:Resources in other libraries
417:Resources in other libraries
222:Equal Employment Opportunity
1262:Beula Cornelius Aspley Nunn
970:Women Who Made a Difference
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1362:Julia Ann Hieronymus Tevis
773:Columbia Journalism Review
753:(accessed April 28, 2009).
614:(accessed April 28, 2009).
602:(accessed April 28, 2009).
463:"Alice Allison Dunnigan,"
1112:Sally Shallenberger Brown
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1056:Kentucky Women Remembered
1008:The Kentucky Encyclopedia
814:Gilliam, Dorothy Butler.
598:October 27, 2012, at the
431:Resources in your library
425:By Alice Allison Dunnigan
412:Resources in your library
211:White House correspondent
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1207:Marie Caldwell Humphries
1107:Mary Carson Breckinridge
709:"Alice Allison Dunnigan"
126:House of Representatives
1372:Harriet Drury Van Meter
1202:Nelle Pitcock Horlander
481:Fisk University Library
386:White House press corps
375:White House press corps
1357:Caroline Burnam Taylor
1277:Katherine Graham Peden
1237:Lucille Caudill Little
1212:Louise Gilman Hutchins
1162:Alice Allison Dunnigan
483:, Nashville, Tennessee
403:Alice Allison Dunnigan
347:Russellville, Kentucky
332:ischemic bowel disease
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171:Russellville, Kentucky
99:Alice Allison Dunnigan
56:Russellville, Kentucky
23:Alice Allison Dunnigan
1367:Jeannette Bell Thomas
1307:Sarah Felt Richardson
1282:Mary T. Meagher Plant
1122:Claire Louise Caudill
697:Streitmatter, p. 108.
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1392:Mary Eugenia Wharton
1292:Lillian Henken Press
1287:Georgia Davis Powers
1267:Clara Sanford Oldham
1252:Michael Leo Mullaney
1232:Katherine G. Langley
1222:Grace Marilynn James
1167:Mary Elliott Flanery
1142:Martha Layne Collins
1117:Willa Beatrice Brown
932:, November 30, 2023.
264:The Chicago Defender
235:Dwight D. Eisenhower
183:Owensboro Enterprise
1297:Sarah Frances Price
1197:Julia Britton Hooks
1177:Mary Peterson Gregg
881:The Kentucky Kernel
593:Women in Journalism
494:Alone Atop the Hill
1448:American activists
1402:Doris Y. Wilkinson
1332:Catherine Spalding
1147:Jane Todd Crawford
875:Vandiver, Bailey.
845:The New York Times
749:2006-09-08 at the
479:Biography File of
454:, (Dorrance, 1974)
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187:newspaper reporter
148:1948 campaign trip
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1257:Jacqueline Noonan
1157:Dolores Delahanty
1152:Emma Guy Cromwell
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1077:Mary Willie Arvin
684:978-0-8203-4860-5
398:Library resources
301:Lyndon B. Johnson
259:Howard University
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68:(1983-05-06)
1433:1983 deaths
1428:1906 births
1272:Judi Patton
1092:Anne Braden
382:Ethel Payne
371:Ethel Payne
198:Todd County
159:Ethel Payne
118:White House
66:May 6, 1983
1422:Categories
1342:Ann Stokes
1312:Joan Riehm
1302:Lyda Ramey
1132:Laura Clay
939:References
911:2016-11-05
886:2020-04-19
858:2020-04-19
825:2022-11-26
800:2020-04-19
718:2020-11-18
652:2022-05-01
612:Waymarking
568:2022-11-26
165:Early life
103:journalist
1182:Eula Hall
853:0362-4331
820:USA TODAY
744:MARBL bio
327:in 1982.
778:March 5,
747:Archived
646:CBS News
596:Archived
137:Jim Crow
110:activist
521:20 July
355:Newseum
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400:about
338:Legacy
229:Career
122:Senate
517:. CNN
501:Notes
54:near
1012:ISBN
993:ISBN
974:ISBN
955:ISBN
849:ISSN
780:2017
679:ISBN
523:2020
124:and
63:Died
44:Born
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