2670:
645:. Sightings within about 150 meters (500 ft) are sub-classified as various types of close encounters. Hynek and others argued that a claimed close encounter must occur within about 150 meters (500 ft) to greatly reduce or eliminate the possibility of misidentifying conventional aircraft or other known phenomena.
914:
In a CE5 event, individuals or groups use specific protocols to establish communication or interaction with extraterrestrial beings. These protocols primarily involve the use of contact meditation and use of sounds or signals. Close encounters of the fifth kind is also referred to as human initiated
906:
Several years after Vallee's classification updates, some preferred that a close encounter of the fifth kind instead refer to human-initiated contact with extraterrestrial life forms or advanced interstellar civilizations, claiming direct communication between aliens and humans. This alternate
760:
A UFO event in which a physical effect is alleged; this can be interference in the functioning of a vehicle or electronic device, animals reacting, a physiological effect such as paralysis or heat and discomfort in the witness, or some physical trace like impressions in the ground, scorched or
2473:
618:(UFO) at relatively close range, where the possibility of mis-identification is presumably greatly reduced. This terminology and the system of classification behind it were first suggested in astronomer and UFO researcher
911:. While technically not an extension of the Vallee scale that measures result-oriented data, this replacement of the originally coined CE5 classification has become popular in marketing human-initiated contact events.
881:
should refer to "cases when witnesses experienced a transformation of their sense of reality", to also include non-abduction cases where absurd, hallucinatory or dreamlike events are associated with UFO encounters.
729:
UFO reports that have radar confirmation—these supposedly try to offer harder evidence that the objects are real, although radar propagation can be occasionally discredited due to atmospheric propagation anomalies.
2294:
322:
2342:
1225:
903:(1990), a close encounter of the fifth kind is where an alien abductee receives some manner of physical effect from their close encounter, typically either injury or healing.
317:
1945:
2362:
745:
Visual sightings of an unidentified flying object, seemingly less than 500 feet (150 m) away, that show an appreciable angular extension and considerable detail.
2655:
2564:
377:
312:
654:(1977), which is named after the third level of the scale. Promotional posters for the film featured the three levels of the scale, and Hynek himself makes a
2694:
2650:
1974:
1885:
2337:
2518:
2372:
1614:
2243:
626:(1972). Categories beyond Hynek's original three have been added by others but have not gained universal acceptance, mainly because they lack the
1269:
842:
extended Hynek's classification system by two steps, specifically close encounters of the fourth and fifth kinds, as published in Vallee's book
776:
UFO encounters in which an animated entity is present—these include humanoids, robots, and humans who seem to be occupants or pilots of a UFO.
2513:
1979:
1252:
1165:
1082:
1046:
972:
929:
2673:
1960:
1845:
1619:
593:
327:
2377:
1393:
2182:
2171:
2102:
2187:
1730:
1440:
1193:
811:
Direct: an entity is observed—no UFOs are seen by the observer, but UFO activity has been reported in the area at about the same time.
650:
367:
38:
2498:
1500:
1463:
1341:
1316:
1209:
873:
31:
1740:
1416:
2634:
2012:
939:
352:
1624:
2699:
2367:
1805:
1745:
1582:
1567:
1537:
944:
934:
2428:
2423:
2263:
2056:
1955:
1725:
2147:
1695:
1587:
780:
2629:
2408:
2403:
2317:
2299:
1710:
1665:
1639:
265:
145:
814:
Excluded: an entity is observed, but no UFOs are seen and no UFO activity has been reported in the area at that time.
2122:
2072:
2067:
2007:
1989:
1950:
1875:
1820:
1546:
615:
1870:
2576:
2508:
2027:
1905:
1800:
1795:
1660:
1022:
817:
Frequence: no entity or UFOs are observed, but the subject experiences some sort of "intelligent communication".
2503:
2082:
2077:
2062:
2022:
1890:
1825:
1815:
586:
235:
1374:
2438:
2413:
2177:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2137:
2112:
2107:
2092:
2087:
2052:
1940:
1931:
1830:
1675:
1608:
475:
417:
155:
2167:
2142:
2132:
2117:
2097:
2002:
1880:
1855:
1840:
1780:
1765:
1750:
1685:
1670:
907:
interpretation of what a close encounter of the fifth kind (ce5) should represent has been contributed to
500:
442:
270:
140:
105:
2611:
2127:
1997:
1910:
1895:
1770:
1760:
1655:
480:
412:
392:
210:
2322:
2203:
1865:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1790:
1705:
1690:
1486:
1280:
1038:
The
Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science
648:
Hynek's scale became well known after being referenced about 47 years ago in the classic sci-fi film
495:
490:
437:
175:
2032:
1629:
1401:
579:
545:
387:
48:
864:
by a UFO or its occupants. This type was not included in Hynek's original close encounters scale.
2581:
2393:
2278:
1755:
1603:
1530:
1230:
1203:
255:
205:
1334:
Beyond UFOs: The
Science of Consciousness & Contact with Non Human Intelligence (Volume One)
2544:
2327:
1735:
1496:
1337:
1312:
1248:
1189:
1161:
1078:
1042:
1036:
968:
868:
839:
550:
260:
125:
80:
70:
852:
immediately adopted the extensions to the classification scale and has used them ever since.
2704:
2347:
2268:
1900:
1680:
655:
627:
485:
382:
372:
1448:
2601:
2523:
2490:
2357:
2332:
2233:
2228:
2223:
1850:
1775:
1715:
1700:
1634:
1304:
908:
887:
861:
427:
230:
165:
1471:
135:
633:
Distant sightings more than 150 meters (500 ft) from the witness are classified as
2539:
2312:
1915:
1720:
990:
619:
515:
510:
447:
405:
250:
245:
110:
1424:
2688:
2451:
2273:
2218:
2208:
1523:
1071:
540:
452:
295:
240:
220:
170:
120:
1270:"Physical Analysis in Ten Cases of Unexplained Aerial Objects with Material Samples"
2606:
2468:
2352:
2307:
2253:
1490:
797:
proposed six sub-types for the close encounters of the third kind in Hynek's scale:
794:
565:
555:
535:
530:
470:
347:
280:
215:
195:
95:
37:"Alien encounter" redirects here. For the former Walt Disney World attraction, see
1158:
The UFO Handbook: A Guide to
Investigating, Evaluating and Reporting UFO Sightings
2559:
2398:
2213:
2017:
1969:
1785:
1017:
560:
285:
17:
2463:
2258:
1226:"What're close encounters of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth kind?"
520:
340:
275:
180:
130:
85:
56:
2554:
2458:
2418:
924:
290:
115:
75:
1361:
525:
432:
357:
160:
150:
860:
A close encounter of the fourth kind is a UFO event in which a human is
2656:
Unidentified
Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)
2446:
1557:
607:
505:
300:
225:
185:
2569:
714:
UFOs seen in the daytime, generally having discoidal or oval shapes.
422:
190:
90:
808:
Close: an entity is observed near to a UFO, but not going in or out.
1378:
849:
200:
2343:
362:
1519:
669:
The six levels are arranged according to increasing proximity:
27:
Event in which a person witnesses an unidentified flying object
2363:
Advanced
Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)
2295:
Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government
1332:
Hernandez J.D., Reinerio; Schild, Rudy; Klimo, Jon (2018).
666:
Hynek devised a six-fold classification for UFO sightings.
1515:
1375:"C.D.B. Bryan of "Close Encounters Of The Fourth Kind""
1309:
Extraterrestrial
Contact: The Evidence and Implications
805:
Both: an entity is observed inside and outside the UFO.
1186:
Confrontations: A Scientist's Search for Alien
Contact
1021:
episode "Alien
Contact" aired on 23 April 2008 on the
844:
Confrontations: A Scientist's Search for Alien
Contact
761:
otherwise affected vegetation, or a chemical trace.
2643:
2622:
2594:
2532:
2489:
2482:
2437:
2386:
2287:
2242:
2196:
2045:
1988:
1924:
1648:
1596:
1575:
1566:
2373:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current)
1070:
989:
802:Aboard: an entity is observed only inside the UFO.
1069:Goldsmith, Donald; Tobias C. Owen (April 2001).
1221:
1219:
1015:Hynek, 1972, 1998, p. 20; see also the program
2651:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022)
1531:
1041:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–.
587:
8:
1077:. University Science Books. pp. 521–.
614:is an event in which a person witnesses an
2486:
1572:
1538:
1524:
1516:
1362:"Close Encounters with Extra-terrestrials"
1336:. The Dr. Edgar Mitchell FREE Foundation.
594:
580:
43:
891:(2009) makes reference to this category.
856:Close encounters of the fourth kind (CE4)
756:Close encounters of the second kind (CE2)
1625:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund
1615:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg
1245:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Enquiry
1234:. 22 March 2003. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
1188:. Charlottesville, VA: Anomalist Books.
1144:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Enquiry
1131:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Enquiry
1118:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Enquiry
1105:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Enquiry
965:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry
895:Close encounters of the fifth kind (CE5)
772:Close encounters of the third kind (CE3)
741:Close encounters of the first kind (CE1)
671:
624:The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry
955:
55:
1761:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961)
1201:
630:that Hynek aimed to bring to ufology.
1179:
1177:
930:Narrative of the abduction phenomenon
378:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
7:
1620:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel
1468:The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project
2695:Alleged extraterrestrial encounters
1133:, Ballantine Books, 1972, pp. 80-1.
1073:The search for life in the universe
1035:Steven J. Dick (28 December 1999).
2318:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950)
1975:High-altitude object events (2023)
1604:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC)
1439:Naisbitt, Michael (Oct 22, 2007).
1279:. pp. 359–375. Archived from
651:Close Encounters of the Third Kind
368:James Randi Educational Foundation
39:Extraterrorestrial Alien Encounter
25:
2378:NASA's UAP independent study team
1277:Journal of Scientific Exploration
1146:, Ballantine Books, 1972, p. 158.
874:Journal of Scientific Exploration
32:Close Encounters (disambiguation)
2669:
2668:
1120:, Ballantine Books, 1972, p. 59.
1107:, Ballantine Books, 1972, p. 41.
2635:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1816:John Lennon UFO incident (1974)
1630:José Bonilla observation (1883)
940:First contact (science fiction)
353:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2368:Identification studies of UFOs
1846:Valentich disappearance (1978)
1831:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977)
1711:McMinnville photographs (1950)
1583:List of reported UFO sightings
1441:"Defining a "Close Encounter""
945:List of reported UFO sightings
935:Identification studies of UFOs
1:
2328:Project Blue Book (1952–1970)
2008:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949)
2003:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947)
1856:Robert Taylor incident (1979)
1821:Travis Walton incident (1975)
1766:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964)
1661:Ă„ngelholm UFO memorial (1946)
1417:"Hynek Classification System"
1208:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1156:Hendry, Allan (August 1979).
996:. Detroit: Visible Ink Press.
827:After Hynek's passing in 1986
307:Reportedly haunted locations:
1871:Cash–Landrum incident (1980)
1771:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964)
1746:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956)
1495:. Berkley Publishing Group.
781:First contact (anthropology)
2630:List of scientific skeptics
2358:Project Condign (1997–2000)
2301:The Flying Saucers Are Real
1861:Val Johnson incident (1979)
1811:Pascagoula Abduction (1973)
1398:The Worlds of David Darling
823:Extensions of Hynek's scale
146:Electronic voice phenomenon
2721:
2323:Project Magnet (1950–1962)
1980:David Grusch claims (2023)
1751:AntĂ´nio Villas Boas (1957)
658:near the end of the film.
616:unidentified flying object
36:
29:
2664:
2348:Condon Report (1966–1968)
2028:Alien Autopsy (1995 film)
1841:Zanfretta incident (1978)
1741:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955)
1553:
963:Hynek, Allen J. (1998) .
867:Hynek's former associate
699:Lights in the night sky.
1998:Maury Island hoax (1947)
1896:Voronezh incident (1989)
1881:Trans-en-Provence (1981)
1876:Rendlesham Forest (1980)
1806:Finnish Air Force (1969)
1736:Flatwoods monster (1952)
1588:Sightings in outer space
1268:Vallee, Jacques (1998).
1184:Vallee, Jacques (1990).
829: (38 years ago)
418:Apparitional experiences
2246:extraterrestrial beings
2013:Southern England (1967)
1941:Campeche, Mexico (2004)
1901:Belgian UFO wave (1990)
1731:Washington, D.C. (1952)
1726:Nash-Fortenberry (1952)
1609:Airship of Clonmacnoise
1006:Hynek, 1972, 1998, p. 6
476:Argument from ignorance
443:Out-of-body experiences
156:Extrasensory perception
2333:Robertson Panel (1953)
1886:Japan Air Lines (1986)
1851:Kaikoura Lights (1978)
1701:Gorman Dogfight (1948)
1635:Airship wave (1896–97)
1311:. Crossing Point Inc.
988:Clark, Jerome (1998).
899:As stated in Vallee's
850:The Mutual UFO Network
501:Communal reinforcement
2700:UFO-related phenomena
2353:Institute 22 (1978–?)
2338:Ruppelt report (1956)
2313:Project Grudge (1949)
2023:Gulf Breeze (1987–88)
1970:Jetpack man (2020–21)
1946:O'Hare Airport (2006)
1916:Phoenix Lights (1997)
1836:Operação Prato (1977)
1721:Lubbock Lights (1951)
1696:Chiles-Whitted (1948)
1666:Kenneth Arnold (1947)
822:
661:
481:Argumentum ad populum
413:Anomalous experiences
393:Scientific skepticism
211:Paranormal television
2644:Government & Law
2565:Government responses
2046:Sightings by country
1965:UFO incidents (2014)
1492:Chariots of the Gods
643:radar/visual reports
496:Cognitive dissonance
491:Begging the question
438:Ideomotor phenomenon
30:For other uses, see
2439:Conspiracy theories
2429:Trotskyist-Posadism
2308:Project Sign (1948)
2279:Reptilian humanoids
1936:UFO incident (2004)
1906:Ariel School (1994)
1801:Jimmy Carter (1969)
1796:Shag Harbour (1967)
673:
546:Scientific evidence
388:Scientific literacy
2394:Ancient astronauts
2018:Majestic 12 (1985)
1963:Theodore Roosevelt
1891:Ilkley Moor (1987)
1791:Falcon Lake (1967)
1656:Los Angeles (1942)
1487:Däniken, Erich von
1394:"close encounters"
1231:The Times of India
672:
256:Spirit photography
206:Paranormal fiction
126:Demonic possession
2682:
2681:
2590:
2589:
2545:Cattle mutilation
2399:Cryptoterrestrial
2041:
2040:
2033:Morristown (2009)
1676:Flight 105 (1947)
1568:Claimed sightings
1464:"Close encounter"
1368:. 25 April 2010 .
1254:978-1-56924-782-2
1167:978-0-385-14348-6
1084:978-1-891389-16-0
1048:978-0-521-66361-8
974:978-1-56924-782-2
967:. Da Capo Press.
915:close encounter.
789:Bloecher subtypes
786:
785:
604:
603:
551:Scientific method
261:Spirit possession
71:Astral projection
16:(Redirected from
2712:
2672:
2671:
2491:Abduction claims
2487:
2409:Interdimensional
2404:Extraterrestrial
2269:Little green men
2244:Types of alleged
1990:Confirmed hoaxes
1781:Kecksburg (1965)
1756:Levelland (1957)
1597:Pre-20th century
1573:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1517:
1506:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1470:. Archived from
1459:
1457:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1435:
1433:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
1389:
1387:
1386:
1377:. Archived from
1369:
1348:
1347:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1305:Greer, Steven M.
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1241:
1235:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1153:
1147:
1142:J. Allen Hynek,
1140:
1134:
1129:J. Allen Hynek,
1127:
1121:
1116:J. Allen Hynek,
1114:
1108:
1103:J. Allen Hynek,
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1032:
1026:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
985:
979:
978:
960:
838:, his colleague
837:
835:
830:
695:Nocturnal lights
674:
656:cameo appearance
639:nocturnal lights
628:scientific rigor
596:
589:
582:
486:Bandwagon effect
383:Pseudoskepticism
373:Magical thinking
44:
21:
18:Alien encounters
2720:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2660:
2639:
2618:
2586:
2550:Close encounter
2528:
2478:
2433:
2382:
2283:
2245:
2238:
2234:Space jellyfish
2229:Mystery airship
2224:Green fireballs
2192:
2037:
1984:
1951:Alderney (2007)
1920:
1911:Varginha (1996)
1644:
1592:
1562:
1549:
1544:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1474:on Jun 18, 2008
1462:
1454:
1452:
1445:UFO.Whipnet.org
1438:
1430:
1428:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1373:Casteel, Sean.
1372:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1272:
1267:
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1262:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1224:
1217:
1200:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1155:
1154:
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1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1023:History Channel
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
987:
986:
982:
975:
962:
961:
957:
953:
921:
909:Steven M. Greer
897:
888:The Fourth Kind
858:
833:
831:
828:
825:
820:
793:UFO researcher
791:
664:
612:close encounter
600:
571:
570:
466:
458:
457:
428:False awakening
408:
398:
397:
343:
333:
332:
231:Psychic reading
166:Fortune-telling
101:Close encounter
66:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2687:
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2506:
2501:
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2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2424:Time-traveller
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
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2256:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Black triangle
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2183:United Kingdom
2180:
2175:
2172:Canary Islands
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:Czech Republic
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
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65:Main articles
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19:
2560:Crop circles
2549:
2519:Perspectives
2469:Men in black
2414:Psychosocial
2300:
2057:South Africa
1962:
1933:
1925:21st century
1649:20th century
1491:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1467:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1444:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1420:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1397:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:the original
1365:
1354:Bibliography
1333:
1327:
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1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1276:
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1099:
1088:. Retrieved
1072:
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1037:
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1016:
1011:
1002:
992:The UFO Book
991:
983:
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795:Ted Bloecher
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725:Radar-visual
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709:
694:
683:Description
668:
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623:
611:
605:
566:Urban legend
556:Superstition
536:Protoscience
531:Junk science
471:Anomalistics
348:Cold reading
306:
305:
281:Supernatural
271:Spiritualism
266:Spirit world
216:Precognition
136:Doppelgänger
100:
96:Clairvoyance
2483:Involvement
2303:(1947–1950)
2259:Grey aliens
2214:Foo fighter
2148:New Zealand
1018:UFO Hunters
879:fourth kind
561:Uncertainty
286:Telekinesis
236:Psychometry
116:Conjuration
2689:Categories
2623:Skepticism
2582:Ufologists
2464:Dulce Base
2387:Hypotheses
2264:Insectoids
1671:1947 craze
1478:2009-11-04
1455:2009-11-04
1431:2007-04-12
1408:2007-03-22
1385:2007-02-13
1290:2009-08-23
1090:2011-10-24
1054:24 October
951:References
779:See also:
521:Groupthink
341:Skepticism
276:Stone Tape
181:Mediumship
131:Demonology
86:Bilocation
57:Paranormal
2607:Religions
2555:Contactee
2524:Insurance
2514:Narrative
2509:Claimants
2459:Bob Lazar
2419:Nazi UFOs
2123:Indonesia
2073:Australia
2068:Argentina
1421:SCIFI.com
1204:cite book
925:Contactee
885:The film
877:that the
358:Debunking
291:Telepathy
141:Ectoplasm
106:Cold spot
76:Astrology
2674:Category
2540:Implants
2504:Entities
1489:(1972).
1307:(1999).
1247:. 1972.
919:See also
862:abducted
846:(1990).
622:'s book
526:Hypnosis
433:Hypnosis
161:Forteana
151:Exorcism
49:a series
47:Part of
2705:Ufology
2602:Fiction
2595:Culture
2499:History
2447:Area 51
2288:Studies
2083:Belgium
2078:Belarus
2063:Albania
1576:General
1558:Ufology
832: (
677:Number
608:ufology
506:Fallacy
465:Related
301:Ufology
226:Psychic
186:Miracle
2570:GEIPAN
2178:Sweden
2163:Russia
2158:Poland
2153:Norway
2138:Mexico
2113:Greece
2108:France
2093:Canada
2088:Brazil
2053:Africa
1934:Nimitz
1611:(740s)
1499:
1340:
1315:
1251:
1192:
1164:
1081:
1045:
971:
686:Notes
680:Title
423:Empath
191:Occult
51:on the
2533:Other
2168:Spain
2143:Nepal
2133:Italy
2118:India
2098:China
1284:(PDF)
1273:(PDF)
641:, or
328:World
313:India
201:Ouija
176:Magic
2612:list
2128:Iran
1961:USS
1932:USS
1547:UFOs
1497:ISBN
1366:h2g2
1338:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1210:link
1190:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1056:2011
1043:ISBN
969:ISBN
834:1986
610:, a
363:Hoax
81:Aura
606:In
196:Orb
2691::
1466:.
1443:.
1419:.
1396:.
1364:.
1275:.
1218:^
1206:}}
1202:{{
1176:^
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595:e
588:t
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41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.