255:, that he transferred part of Göring's collection to Spain as well, as a safeguard against the fall of the Third Reich. Twenty two paintings he had smuggled out of the Netherlands, including thirteen paintings of the Goudstikker collection, were confiscated in the port of Bilbao. Although they were reclaimed by the Netherlands, it is unclear what happened to them. Miedl remained in Spain and negotiated a deal with the Dutch authorities, who confiscated valuables worth about 1.8 million guilders, and some 150 pictures left by Miedl in the Netherlands when he fled. Other paintings acquired by Miedl were kept in banks in Berlin, and in Switzerland. The works in Switzerland, which included 4 paintings by
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of
Heinrich and Hugo Marx in Munich, and from 1924 to 1929 at the bank Witzig & Co., also in Munich. In 1930 he became a director of the Berlin Schantung-Handelaktiengeselschaft, and in 1932 he moved to the Netherlands as director of Veland, a subsidiary of the Berlin company. At the same time, he was director of a number of companies in Germany and elsewhere. He was an avid mountaineer. He moved to the Netherlands in 1932, because of his new function there, but probably also because he feared for the security of his Jewish wife in Germany.
193:. His heirs claimed that the artworks were sold under duress, similar to that of many other clients of Miedl, but this was disputed by the Dutch government, which had recovered many of the paintings from the Nazis after the war. Katz and Miedl had been friends, and no sufficient evidence could be produced to show that the sale had not been voluntary.
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but also got his hands on other valuables in this way. He also offered protection to some Jews as a form of business transaction, thereby saving about a dozen Jews from deportation and near-certain death. But in other cases, he had no qualms about letting Jewish associates being deported. For example, his two Jewish accountants were transferred to
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company again afterwards. According to former Dutch resistance member Joseph Piller, who was instructed by the Dutch Army immediately after the war to research the role of the
Goudstikker gallery during the war, Miedl used the company as a front to sell looted art to Nazis, and used the profits for the
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Alois Miedl was born in 1903 in Munich as son to Alois Miedl and Maria
Streicher. His father owned a dairy farm. Alois Miedl married Theodore "Dorie" Fleischer, a Jewish girl with whom he had two children, Ruth Marie (born 1925) and Hanns Alois (born 1933). From 1920 to 1924, Alois worked at the bank
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Right from the start of the war, Miedl tried to acquire art works from Jewish owners, threatening them that they had the choice between selling to him at severely reduced prices, or being looted by the
Gestapo. Many Jews, not seeing any way out, agreed to the blackmail. Miedl not only dealt in art,
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He used the
Goudstikker name and fame to do business. In return he protected the Jewish mother of Goudstikker, who hadn't fled the Netherlands with the rest of the family and now faced the same risks as all Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. Thanks to the deal, she survived the war and acquired the
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No further trial or repayments were asked, meaning that Miedl was free to keep the rest of his amassed wealth and continue to do business throughout the world. He was estimated to have smuggled some 200 paintings to Spain that were never recovered. He tried to sell a
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via
Switzerland. He had in February 1944 sent most of his art collection to the country, together with his wife who he felt was no longer safe in the Netherlands despite Göring's protection. It has also been speculated, based on claims made by SS officer
239:, or both to have a constant supply of wood for Germany, or alternatively as a foothold to spy on Canada or the United States. It failed when Canada disallowed the sale for fear of espionage. He also was said to have attempted to buy a gold mine in the
228:, for 1.65 million Dutch guilders. He then sold it to Hermann Göring in exchange for an undisclosed sum of money and 150 other looted paintings, 54 of them originally from the Goudstikker collection, totalling about 2 million guilders worth.
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Miedl also dealt with non-Jewish collectors. He bought a collection of 19 old master paintings from German banker Franz
Koenigs in 1941: 9 Rubens paintings from it were sold by Miedl to Göring. from the Belgian art collector
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Before the war, the Miedls frequented the richest Jewish families in
Amsterdam, where they had moved to from Munich in 1932. At the same time, he was a friend of many prominent
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had died when fleeing the
Netherlands, Miedl bought his collection of 1300 old master paintings and other artworks illegally, and sold 600 of the paintings to
111:. Alois Miedl acquired for himself the Goudstikker estate Oostermeer in Ouderkerk a/d Amstel, where he would live in splendour, and the gallery including
182:. From the Jew Fritz Gutmann, he bought three sixteenth-century silver cups. Other collections he bought include the Proehl collection (which included a
34:, who had moved to and was mainly active in the Netherlands, involved with the sales of properties stolen from Jews who had fled or had been deported.
174:. For his own, he acquired the bank and the cinema previously owned by the brothers. From Hans Tietje, who was married to a Jewish wife, he bought a
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115:. All of it was bought for 2 million guilders, which was only a fraction of the actual value at the time. Among the pictures sold to Göring were
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by
Cranach) and he made an attempt at buying the Mannheimer collection which slipped away and was bought by Muhlmann for the Linz collection.
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Miedl was also involved in other business and speculation. His most ambitious plan was to buy, according to the source, either the coast of
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From the collection of the Wolf brothers, who had fled the Netherlands, he bought multiple paintings for the Göring collection, including a
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Hermann Goring and the Nazi Art Collection: The Looting of Europe's Art Treasures and Their Dispersal After World War II
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305:, perhaps made by Hans Memling, to a private collector in Norway in 1966. He died in Munich on June 11, 1970.
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30:(3 March 1903 - 11 June 1970) was a naturalized Dutch art dealer, originally a German Nazi banker, born in
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87:'s birthday, with Miedl wearing an SS-uniform and prominent members of the Dutch Gestapo as guests.
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The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War
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The Man Who Made Vermeers: Unvarnishing the Legend of Master Forger Han van Meegeren
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620:"España sĂłlo reconoce un "modesto" papel en el robo de obras de arte de judĂos"
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75:. After the occupation of the Netherlands had started, Dorie was declared an
593:"Dutch Holocaust Claim Begs Question: Forced Sale or Voluntary Art Dealing?"
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213:. 6 Works were sold to Göring, the other half was kept by Miedl.
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in Amsterdam. He even stayed several times at Hitler's residence
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Another Jewish art collector who dealt with Miedl was
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Kunstraub und Kunstschutz, Band I: Eine Dokumentation
243:, and was reputedly involved with diamond smuggling.
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Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories of World War II
332:. Persoonlijkheden in het koninkrijk der Nederlanden
263:, all previously owned by French art dealer and Jew
713:Art and cultural repatriation after World War II
147:. The works kept by Miedl included Rembrandt's
648:. Dictionary of Art Historians. Archived from
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382:Plaut, James S. (1 September 1946).
65:Central Office for Jewish Emigration
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205:, including works attributed to
261:Self portrait with bandaged ear
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491:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
446:"Een heer in de kunsthandel"
246:In July 1944, Miedl fled to
565:Alford, Kenneth D. (2012).
408:Alford, Kenneth D. (2003).
220:, a painting supposedly by
83:in their home to celebrate
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688:Businesspeople from Munich
527:Nicholas, Lynn H. (2009).
384:"Loot for the Master Race"
295:, a copy of a wing of the
224:but actually a forgery by
218:Christ with the Adulteress
485:Lopez, Jonathan (2009).
100:in 1943 and died there.
61:Ferdinand aus der FĂĽnten
414:. Da Capo. p. 26.
354:Haase, Gunther (1991).
180:Lucas Cranach the Elder
133:Lucas Cranach the Elder
103:After famous collector
79:. The Miedls organized
216:In 1942, Miedl bought
149:Young man with a sword
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303:Rogier van der Weyden
211:Rogier van der Weyden
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358:(in German). Haase.
141:Jacopo del Casentino
125:Salomon van Ruysdael
703:Dutch war criminals
533:. Knopf Doubleday.
105:Jacques Goudstikker
55:leaders, including
723:Nazi war criminals
63:, the head of the
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698:Dutch art dealers
599:. 10 October 2007
241:Dutch East Indies
203:old Flemish works
176:Madonna and Child
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117:Two Philosophers
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109:Hermann Göring
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57:Hermann Göring
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73:Berchtesgaden
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654:. Retrieved
650:the original
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626:(in Spanish)
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257:Paul CĂ©zanne
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683:1990 deaths
678:1903 births
330:www.iisg.nl
283:, CĂ©zanne,
191:Nathan Katz
28:Alois Miedl
672:Categories
656:6 November
630:6 November
603:6 November
459:6 November
455:(in Dutch)
393:6 November
336:6 November
168:Tintoretto
145:Frans Hals
38:Early life
708:Art crime
121:Rembrandt
289:El Greco
233:Labrador
170:, and a
624:El PaĂs
275:to the
209:and to
69:Berghof
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285:Titian
157:Abwehr
85:Hitler
32:Munich
449:(PDF)
326:(PDF)
309:Notes
277:Prado
184:Venus
81:galas
658:2014
632:2014
605:2014
573:ISBN
535:ISBN
493:ISBN
461:2014
416:ISBN
395:2014
360:ISBN
338:2014
287:and
273:Goya
166:, a
143:and
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53:Nazi
597:JTA
301:by
235:or
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