944:
1024:
531:
919:
725:
795:
554:
450:
862:
956:
smaller the hyoid, and the larger the testes. Female howler monkeys breed with multiple males within their group, with males in neighboring groups, and with solitary males. Central males tie up fellowship with cycling females. Unlike most New World monkeys, in which one sex remains in natal groups, juveniles of both sexes emigrate from their natal groups, such that howler monkeys could spend the majority of their adult lives in association with unrelated monkeys.
62:
502:
4792:
577:
600:
823:
5514:
661:
2996:
223:
748:
3952:
42:
969:
702:
1015:
Black howler monkeys incorporate information on resource availability along with neighbors’ current location. And the abundance of flowers are found to be an important factor that influenced behavior. Neighbors are more likely to move towards these calls when resource are scarce, and the reverse is true.
959:
Physical fighting among group members is infrequent and generally of short duration, but serious injuries can result. Both males and females rarely fight with each other, but physical aggression is even more rare between sexes. Group size varies by species and by location, with an approximate ratio
939:
Most howler species live in groups of six to 15 animals, with one to three adult males and multiple females. Mantled howler monkeys are an exception, commonly living in groups of 15 to 20 individuals with more than three adult males. The number of males in a given group is inversely correlated with
909:
Howler monkeys generally move quadrupedally on the tops of branches, usually grasping a branch with at least two hands or one hand and the tail at all times. Their strong prehensile tails are able to support their entire body weight. Fully grown adult howler monkeys do not often rely on their tails
833:
Howler monkeys have short snouts and wide-set, round nostrils. Their noses are very keen, and they can smell out food (primarily fruit and nuts) up to 2 km away. Their noses are usually roundish snout-type, and the nostrils have many sensory hairs growing from the interior. They range in size
955:
This results in two distinct groups, wherein one male with a larger hyoid and smaller testes copulates exclusively with a group of females, suggesting precopulatory vocal competition. The other group has more males, which have smaller hyoids, and larger testes. The larger the number of males, the
1014:
is thought to relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection, as well as possibly to mate-guarding. Howlers call usually when they are in areas with major feeding sites, which in some sort lead to advertise major feeding sites and their willingness to defend locally available fruit trees.
1058:
that can poison them. Howler monkeys are also known to occasionally raid birds' nests, chicken coops, and consume the eggs. When in smaller groups (up to twelve individuals) and low rainfall (up to 2,200 mm (87 in)), they are more frugivorous. In larger groups and increased rainfall,
1006:, which helps them make their loud vocalizations. Group males generally call at dawn and dusk, as well as interspersed times throughout the day. Their main vocals consist of loud, deep, guttural growls or "howls". Howler monkeys are widely considered to be the loudest land animals. According to
1102:
as "grave and solemn, almost emotionally wounded, as if officiating as the guardians of consecrated ground". To the Mayas of the
Classic period, they were the divine patrons of the artisans, especially scribes and sculptors. They were seen as gods in some tribes, and the long, sleek tail was
1067:
Howlers use the upper-middle part of their sleeping tree and use large branches on the 70% of nights that potentially allow for grouped sleeping or resistance to weather conditions and risk of branch breaking. Their sleeping sites are usually close to morning feeding sites.
834:
from 56 to 92 cm (22 to 36 in), excluding their tails, which can be equally long; in fact in some cases the tail has been found to be almost five times the body length. This is a prime characteristic. Like many New World monkeys, they have
989:
990:
1059:
frugivory decreases as a result of competition and fast food depletion. As they digest fruit, more than 90% of the fruits' seeds are excreted without damage, which results in seed dispersal and distribution in tropical forests.
901:, and offers impression of larger body size. They have a flat cranial shape due to a folivorous diet and an advanced vocal system. Their brain growth is posterior rather than superior or inferior as in other platyrrhines.
897:. The volume of the hyoid of male howler monkeys is negatively correlated with the dimensions of their testes, and with the number of males per group. Larger hyoids decrease space between
910:
for full-body support, but juveniles do so more frequently. A significant amount of their travel is done through the ground, with sitting and resting being their most frequent postures.
5816:
1291:
Dunn, Jacob C.; Halenar, Lauren B.; Davies, Thomas G.; Cristobal-Azkarate, Jurgi; Reby, David; Sykes, Dan; Dengg, Sabine; Fitch, W. Tecumseh; Knapp, Leslie A. (2 November 2015).
1797:
1443:
5672:
1092:'s aggressive tendencies), in spite of its lesser intelligence, as well as the liabilities of the size of its droppings and the male monkey’s loud vocalizations.
5711:
1076:
While they are not usually aggressive, brown howler monkeys do not take well to captivity and are of bad-tempered and unfriendly disposition. However, the
5646:
5685:
1824:
943:
1718:
1674:
1508:
1483:
847:
988:
5806:
2291:
1598:
5801:
987:
1792:
1453:
1152:
177:
1743:"Patterns of Sleeping Site and Sleeping Tree Selection by Black-and-Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in Northern Argentina"
1023:
5703:
5690:
530:
2040:
771:
5811:
426:
5698:
5594:
3704:
2230:
2139:
2112:
870:
2157:
1968:
582:
158:
1142:
2259:
2148:
1817:
5716:
4791:
466:
61:
2284:
1202:
Jacobs, G. H.; Neitz, M.; Deegan, J. F.; Neitz, J. (1996). "Trichromatic colour vision in New World monkeys".
5768:
5513:
5796:
4549:
4367:
3774:
2103:
1932:
507:
5534:
3828:
3532:
2913:
2121:
1699:"The Taxonomy of Howler Monkeys: Integrating Old and New Knowledge from Morphological and Genetic Studies"
1442:
Kowalewski, Martín M; Garber, Paul A; Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana; Urbani, Bernardo; Youlato, Dionisios (2014).
5599:
5737:
4614:
4298:
4240:
4178:
2031:
1810:
1253:
Lucas, P. W.; N. J. Dominy (2003). "Evolution and function of routine trichromatic vision in primates".
1054:. They need to be careful not to eat too many leaves of certain species in one sitting, as some contain
918:
890:
854:. They have lifespans of 15 to 20 years. Howler species are dimorphic and can also be dichromatic (i.e.
753:
724:
625:
616:
553:
484:
475:
449:
1624:
794:
5755:
2995:
1552:"The Influence of Loud Calls on Intergroup Spacing Mechanism in Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra)"
5620:
5581:
5018:
4712:
4205:
4171:
4107:
3848:
3596:
3334:
3211:
3159:
2239:
1304:
1211:
995:
882:
4729:
4337:
3951:
3279:
2923:
2813:
2681:
2547:
2411:
5291:
4672:
4387:
4233:
4219:
4050:
3869:
3814:
3225:
3189:
3069:
2804:
2674:
2625:
2505:
2277:
2130:
2022:
2004:
1986:
1914:
1095:
923:
861:
730:
684:
643:
414:
367:
49:
4594:
4322:
3552:
3381:
2950:
2933:
2709:
2561:
2554:
2533:
2434:
1404:
5791:
4934:
4499:
4124:
4114:
4064:
3744:
3660:
3306:
2906:
2820:
2660:
2639:
2519:
2512:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2441:
2427:
1995:
1762:
1579:
1501:
Primate
Anthology, The: Essays on Primate Behavior, Ecology and Conservation from Natural History
1385:
1235:
1104:
666:
375:
238:
56:
4226:
3606:
3498:
3391:
3218:
2688:
2667:
2653:
2596:
2589:
2498:
5742:
4212:
3371:
2779:
2765:
2716:
2632:
2615:
2568:
2526:
2455:
2420:
5724:
5677:
5607:
4513:
4489:
4162:
3474:
2786:
2751:
2695:
2603:
2582:
2540:
2400:
1959:
1714:
1670:
1571:
1504:
1479:
1449:
1424:
1377:
1338:
1320:
1270:
1227:
1158:
1148:
559:
501:
363:
296:
194:
3145:
3059:
2827:
2793:
2758:
2730:
2702:
1701:. In Kowalewski, Martín M.; Garber, Paul A.; Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana; Urbani, Bernardo (eds.).
1657:. In Kowalewski, Martín M.; Garber, Paul A.; Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana; Urbani, Bernardo (eds.).
1357:
5729:
5421:
5065:
4958:
4641:
4424:
4360:
4330:
4267:
3354:
3270:
3204:
3115:
2772:
2723:
2198:
2189:
2013:
1754:
1706:
1662:
1563:
1416:
1369:
1328:
1312:
1262:
1219:
851:
839:
707:
344:
300:
5344:
5313:
5305:
5189:
5089:
4944:
4914:
4531:
4377:
4314:
4144:
4094:
4080:
4073:
4027:
3821:
3616:
3286:
3239:
3173:
2488:
1108:
1089:
999:
973:
835:
332:
1524:
1176:
1783:
1308:
1215:
1010:, their vocalizations can be heard clearly for 3 mi (4.8 km). The function of
5572:
5470:
5431:
5362:
5219:
5209:
5179:
5156:
5146:
5136:
5048:
4997:
4982:
4967:
4904:
4883:
4873:
4540:
4520:
4135:
3862:
3839:
3297:
1923:
1333:
1292:
827:
576:
495:
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Peru
455:
371:
1476:
Primate
Ecology and Social Structure, Vol. 2: New World Monkeys, Revised First Edition
1103:
worshipped for its beauty. Copán, in particular, is famous for its representations of
599:
5785:
5449:
5284:
5275:
5004:
4974:
4924:
4894:
4736:
4702:
4634:
4556:
4506:
4465:
4444:
4043:
4003:
3724:
3687:
3643:
3586:
3562:
3182:
3105:
2872:
2213:
2086:
1950:
1766:
1583:
1499:
Crockett (2 October 1997). "Family Feuds". In
Ciochon, R. L.; Nisbett, R. A. (eds.).
1138:
1028:
536:
432:
328:
320:
312:
200:
5586:
1802:
1389:
1293:"Evolutionary Trade-Off between Vocal Tract and Testes Dimensions in Howler Monkeys"
822:
660:
5612:
5481:
5410:
5321:
5298:
5246:
5229:
5199:
5041:
4989:
4843:
4624:
4577:
4482:
4417:
4407:
4397:
4307:
4189:
4151:
4036:
3883:
3876:
3784:
3522:
3508:
3441:
3320:
3090:
3048:
2846:
2385:
2058:
1977:
1793:
Information about howler monkeys from Belize Zoo (photos, video and audio included)
1239:
1134:
1077:
800:
605:
186:
747:
222:
986:
5659:
5566:
5387:
4570:
4451:
4434:
4198:
3804:
3714:
3579:
3542:
3462:
3401:
3122:
2575:
1710:
1666:
1405:"Locomotion and postures of red howlers in a deciduous forest-savanna interface"
1051:
1758:
1567:
339:, which can be heard up to three miles away through dense rain forest. Fifteen
41:
4863:
4655:
3982:
3969:
3919:
3855:
3794:
3697:
3680:
3572:
3515:
3488:
3451:
3421:
3411:
3136:
2862:
2744:
2448:
2393:
2345:
2300:
1870:
1698:
1654:
1316:
1003:
948:
894:
874:
843:
359:
123:
5557:
1742:
1575:
1551:
1324:
1147:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 148–152.
5633:
5332:
5262:
5236:
5105:
5055:
4692:
4682:
4605:
4458:
4348:
4247:
4013:
3767:
3670:
2884:
2646:
2362:
1697:
Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana; Rylands, Anthony B.; Mittermeier, Russell A. (2015).
1420:
1162:
1113:
1085:
811:
Paraguay, southern Brazil, eastern
Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Uruguay
355:
289:
285:
73:
1798:"The Loudest Animal in the New World," Smithsonian National Zoological Park
1381:
1342:
1274:
968:
362:, acting as seed dispersal agents through their digestive system and their
17:
1428:
1231:
701:
5551:
5398:
5374:
5167:
5126:
5072:
5011:
4584:
3734:
3627:
3327:
3252:
3152:
2737:
2377:
2318:
2076:
1852:
1834:
1099:
1035:
351:
143:
93:
940:
the size of their hyoids and is positively correlated with testes size.
5763:
5651:
5459:
5352:
5079:
4719:
4648:
3900:
3893:
3755:
3650:
3432:
3313:
3259:
3079:
2940:
2897:
2330:
2172:
1864:
1011:
898:
838:, which they use while picking fruit and nuts from trees. Unlike other
347:
340:
336:
304:
113:
1373:
5664:
5029:
4853:
4662:
4563:
4284:
3481:
3197:
3027:
3014:
2966:
2324:
2312:
1858:
1846:
1358:"Cranial shape variation in adult howler monkeys(Alouatta seniculus)"
1223:
1047:
878:
133:
103:
83:
5528:
5638:
1266:
5750:
1055:
1043:
1022:
967:
942:
917:
869:
Males experience an evolutionary trade off between investments in
860:
821:
276:
1144:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
5439:
4472:
1039:
858:). Males are typically 1.5 to 2.0 kg heavier than females.
677:
Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad, French Guiana, Venezuela and Brazil
5532:
4807:
3967:
3012:
2343:
2273:
1806:
1703:
Howler
Monkeys: Adaptive Radiation, Systematics, and Morphology
1529:
Smithsonian’s
National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute
893:, one of the few cases of postcranial pneumaticity outside the
5625:
4822:
4809:
4759:
1632:
636:
southeastern Brazil and far northeastern
Argentina (Misiones)
2269:
1107:. Two howler monkey brothers play a role in the myth of the
1038:
of the New World monkeys. Howlers eat mainly top canopy
1653:
Dias, Pedro Américo D.; Rangel-Negrín, Ariadna (2015).
885:
traits, larger testes and smaller hyoids.The hyoid of
1741:
Brividoro, M.V; Kowalewski, M.M; Scarry, C.J (2019).
1550:
Van Belle, Sarie; Estrada, Alejandro (1 April 2020).
5477:
5466:
5455:
5445:
5427:
5417:
5406:
5358:
5340:
5272:
5242:
5225:
5215:
5205:
5195:
5185:
5175:
5152:
5142:
5132:
5122:
5085:
5061:
5037:
4955:
4940:
4930:
4920:
4910:
4900:
4890:
4879:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4839:
4725:
4708:
4698:
4688:
4678:
4668:
4630:
4620:
4590:
4495:
4478:
4440:
4430:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4356:
4295:
4280:
4120:
4091:
4061:
4024:
4009:
3999:
3889:
3810:
3800:
3790:
3780:
3763:
3740:
3730:
3720:
3710:
3693:
3676:
3666:
3656:
3612:
3602:
3592:
3568:
3558:
3548:
3538:
3528:
3504:
3494:
3470:
3447:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3236:
3170:
3133:
3102:
3086:
3075:
3065:
3055:
3044:
2946:
2929:
2919:
2879:
2868:
2858:
2358:
5541:
5397:
5373:
5331:
5271:
5260:
5166:
5103:
5028:
4954:
4820:
4758:
4604:
4539:
4530:
4347:
4294:
4265:
4188:
4161:
4134:
4090:
4060:
4023:
3980:
3918:
3838:
3754:
3626:
3461:
3431:
3352:
3296:
3269:
3235:
3169:
3132:
3101:
3025:
2965:
2896:
2845:
2803:
2613:
2486:
2410:
2356:
2211:
2170:
2084:
2075:
1888:
1879:
1659:
Howler
Monkeys: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
1445:
Howler monkeys: behavior, ecology, and conservation
1098:described the howler monkeys at the Maya ruins of
1034:These large and slow-moving monkeys are the only
1088:due to its gentle nature (in comparison to the
295:) are the most widespread primate genus in the
764:Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil
2285:
1818:
1084:) is a relatively common pet in contemporary
343:are recognized. Previously classified in the
8:
1117:, a widely feared tale of soul and passion.
1478:. Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 142–145.
842:, both male and female howler monkeys have
5529:
5379:
5268:
5115:
5111:
4832:
4828:
4817:
4804:
4755:
4536:
4273:
4099:
3992:
3988:
3977:
3964:
3915:
3360:
3244:
3037:
3033:
3022:
3009:
2851:
2842:
2369:
2353:
2340:
2292:
2278:
2270:
2081:
1885:
1825:
1811:
1803:
1705:. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 55–84.
1661:. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 21–56.
1002:. They each have an enlarged basihyal or
385:
221:
40:
31:
5817:Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède
1469:
1467:
1465:
1409:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1356:Fiorenza, Luca; Bruner, Emiliano (2018).
1332:
335:forests. They are famous for their loud
1126:
1599:"Poison in a monkey's Garden of Eden"
7:
5769:01FA1E29-EE76-4844-A05E-7D5D10E1871F
5756:95778C36-20A8-F10F-D45F-80BA0D5D1EFA
1556:International Journal of Primatology
1286:
1284:
850:from other New World monkeys due to
350:, they are now placed in the family
366:. Threats include human predation,
1623:Walker, Matt (30 September 2009).
1597:Glander, Kenneth E. (March 1977).
718:Brazil, Peru and north of Bolivia
25:
998:forms an important part of their
299:and are among the largest of the
5512:
4790:
3950:
2994:
1625:"Monkeys 'reject vegetarianism'"
1403:Ybarra, Miguel A. Schön (1984).
984:
793:
746:
723:
700:
659:
598:
575:
552:
547:Venezuela and possibly Colombia
529:
500:
448:
60:
1362:American Journal of Primatology
951:Cloud Forest Biological Reserve
471:Alouatta palliata aequatorialis
1008:Guinness Book of World Records
994:As their name suggests, vocal
1:
2231:Yellow-tailed woolly monkey (
2140:White-cheeked spider monkey (
2113:White-bellied spider monkey (
1503:. Prentice Hall. p. 32.
960:of one male to four females.
518:Belize, Guatemala and Mexico
327:). The monkeys are native to
2149:Black-headed spider monkey (
2041:Maranhão red-handed howler (
1448:. Springer. pp. 10–11.
427:Alouatta coibensis coibensis
5807:Primates of Central America
1711:10.1007/978-1-4939-1957-4_3
1667:10.1007/978-1-4939-1960-4_2
947:A Red Howler with child in
437:Alouatta coibensis trabeata
5833:
2158:Geoffroy's spider monkey (
1969:Spix's red-handed howler (
1759:10.1007/s10764-019-00094-x
1568:10.1007/s10764-019-00121-x
1181:Smithsonian's National Zoo
772:Maranhão red-handed howler
630:Alouatta guariba clamitans
522:
489:Alouatta palliata mexicana
480:Alouatta palliata palliata
5802:Primates of South America
5509:
5382:
5118:
5114:
4835:
4831:
4816:
4803:
4788:
4754:
4276:
4102:
3995:
3991:
3976:
3963:
3948:
3914:
3363:
3247:
3040:
3036:
3021:
3008:
2991:
2854:
2841:
2372:
2352:
2339:
2307:
2256:
2104:Red-faced spider monkey (
1841:
1833:Extant species of family
1655:"Diets of Howler Monkeys"
1474:Sussman, R. (July 2003).
1317:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.029
786:
467:Ecuadorian mantled howler
405:
378:for pets or zoo animals.
244:
237:
229:
220:
213:
208:
192:
185:
57:Scientific classification
55:
48:
39:
34:
2122:Peruvian spider monkey (
1141:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1072:Relationship with humans
621:Alouatta guariba guariba
583:Spix's red-handed howler
2032:Venezuelan red howler (
1421:10.1002/ajpa.1330630109
846:color vision. This has
508:Guatemalan black howler
2240:Common woolly monkey (
1933:Yucatán black howler (
1031:
981:
952:
931:
866:
830:
818:Anatomy and physiology
372:illegal wildlife trade
5738:Paleobiology Database
2131:Brown spider monkey (
2023:Bolivian red howler (
2005:Amazon black howler (
1915:Coiba Island howler (
1525:"Black howler monkey"
1177:"Black howler monkey"
1026:
971:
946:
921:
864:
848:evolved independently
825:
754:Venezuelan red howler
626:Southern brown howler
617:Northern brown howler
485:Mexican howler monkey
476:Golden-mantled howler
358:but also significant
354:. They are primarily
1996:Guyanan red howler (
974:black howler monkeys
671:Alouatta macconnelli
5812:Fauna of the Amazon
4673:Paradolichopithecus
1960:Red-handed howler (
1309:2015CBio...25.2839D
1216:1996Natur.382..156J
1096:John Lloyd Stephens
1078:black howler monkey
924:Bolivian red howler
731:Bolivian red howler
685:Amazon black howler
415:Coiba Island howler
368:habitat destruction
50:Brown howler monkey
4299:Victoriapithecidae
4241:Plesiopliopithecus
4179:Platodontopithecus
2199:Northern muriqui (
2190:Southern muriqui (
2014:Purus red howler (
1987:Juruá red howler (
1105:howler monkey gods
1032:
982:
953:
932:
867:
831:
758:Alouatta seniculus
712:Alouatta puruensis
689:Alouatta nigerrima
667:Guyanan red howler
541:Alouatta arctoidea
419:Alouatta coibensis
5779:
5778:
5725:Open Tree of Life
5535:Taxon identifiers
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5256:
5255:
5099:
5098:
4799:
4798:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4163:Dionysopithecidae
4065:Propliopithecidae
3959:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3910:
3909:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3004:
3003:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2961:
2960:
2837:
2836:
2267:
2266:
2252:
2251:
2224:
2183:
2097:
2071:
2070:
1901:
1784:Primate Info Net
1753:(2019): 374–392.
1720:978-1-4939-1957-4
1676:978-1-4939-1960-4
1510:978-0-13-613845-7
1485:978-0-536-74364-0
1374:10.1002/ajp.22729
1303:(21): 2839–2844.
1210:(6587): 156–158.
991:
840:New World monkeys
815:
814:
587:Alouatta discolor
564:Alouatta belzebul
560:Red-handed howler
460:Alouatta palliata
270:
269:
264:
263:É. Geoffroy, 1812
254:
181:
162:
16:(Redirected from
5824:
5772:
5771:
5759:
5758:
5746:
5745:
5733:
5732:
5720:
5719:
5707:
5706:
5694:
5693:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5667:
5655:
5654:
5642:
5641:
5629:
5628:
5616:
5615:
5603:
5602:
5590:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5530:
5517:
5516:
5479:
5468:
5457:
5447:
5429:
5422:Australopithecus
5419:
5408:
5380:
5360:
5342:
5274:
5269:
5244:
5227:
5217:
5207:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5154:
5144:
5134:
5124:
5116:
5112:
5087:
5063:
5039:
4959:Dendropithecidae
4957:
4942:
4932:
4922:
4912:
4902:
4892:
4881:
4871:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4818:
4805:
4794:
4756:
4727:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4680:
4670:
4632:
4622:
4592:
4537:
4497:
4480:
4442:
4432:
4415:
4405:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4361:Cercopithecoides
4358:
4331:Victoriapithecus
4297:
4282:
4274:
4268:Cercopithecoidea
4122:
4100:
4093:
4063:
4026:
4011:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3978:
3965:
3954:
3916:
3891:
3812:
3802:
3792:
3782:
3765:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3712:
3695:
3678:
3668:
3658:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3570:
3560:
3550:
3540:
3530:
3506:
3496:
3472:
3449:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3361:
3271:Proteopithecidae
3245:
3238:
3172:
3135:
3104:
3088:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3023:
3010:
2999:
2998:
2948:
2931:
2921:
2881:
2870:
2860:
2852:
2843:
2370:
2360:
2354:
2341:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2223:
2222:
2221:(Woolly monkeys)
2218:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2096:
2095:
2094:(Spider monkeys)
2091:
2082:
1924:Mantled howler (
1900:
1899:
1898:(Howler monkeys)
1895:
1886:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1771:
1770:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1224:10.1038/382156a0
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1131:
1111:included in the
1042:, together with
1019:Diet and feeding
993:
992:
852:gene duplication
836:prehensile tails
797:
776:Alouatta ululata
750:
727:
708:Purus red howler
704:
663:
654:Peru and Brazil
644:Juruá red howler
610:Alouatta guariba
602:
579:
556:
533:
504:
452:
386:
333:Central American
262:
252:
225:
176:
157:
65:
64:
44:
32:
27:Genus of mammals
21:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5741:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5715:
5710:
5702:
5697:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5637:
5632:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5606:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5580:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5537:
5527:
5518:
5511:
5487:
5393:
5369:
5345:Chororapithecus
5327:
5314:Pierolapithecus
5306:Hispanopithecus
5265:
5252:
5190:Gigantopithecus
5162:
5108:
5095:
5090:Yuanmoupithecus
5024:
5019:Turkanapithecus
4950:
4945:Samburupithecus
4915:Nacholapithecus
4825:
4812:
4795:
4774:
4742:
4713:Procynocephalus
4600:
4532:Cercopithecinae
4526:
4378:Dolichopithecus
4343:
4315:Nsungwepithecus
4290:
4270:
4253:
4206:Barberapithecus
4184:
4172:Dionysopithecus
4157:
4145:Epipliopithecus
4130:
4108:Krishnapithecus
4095:Pliopithecoidea
4086:
4081:Propliopithecus
4074:Aegyptopithecus
4056:
4028:Oligopithecidae
4019:
3985:
3972:
3955:
3934:
3906:
3834:
3750:
3622:
3597:Proteropithecia
3457:
3427:
3357:
3340:
3335:Ucayalipithecus
3292:
3265:
3240:Parapithecoidea
3231:
3212:Myanmarpithecus
3174:Amphipithecidae
3165:
3160:Phenacopithecus
3128:
3097:
3030:
3017:
3000:
2993:
2981:
2957:
2892:
2833:
2799:
2609:
2489:Anaptomorphinae
2482:
2406:
2366:
2348:
2335:
2303:
2298:
2268:
2263:
2248:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2166:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2067:
1951:Ursine howler (
1897:
1896:
1894:
1875:
1837:
1831:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1606:Natural History
1601:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1297:Current Biology
1290:
1289:
1282:
1261:(11): 2636–43.
1252:
1251:
1247:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1183:. 25 April 2016
1175:
1174:
1170:
1155:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1109:Maya Hero Twins
1090:capuchin monkey
1082:Alouatta caraya
1074:
1065:
1021:
1000:social behavior
985:
978:Alouatta caraya
966:
937:
916:
907:
883:post-copulatory
873:traits, larger
856:Alouatta caraya
820:
805:Alouatta caraya
395:Scientific name
384:
303:along with the
204:
198:
175:
156:
59:
35:Howler monkeys
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5830:
5828:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5797:Howler monkeys
5794:
5784:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5760:
5747:
5734:
5721:
5708:
5695:
5682:
5669:
5656:
5643:
5630:
5617:
5604:
5591:
5578:
5563:
5547:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5475:
5471:Sahelanthropus
5464:
5453:
5443:
5436:
5432:Graecopithecus
5425:
5415:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:Nakalipithecus
5356:
5349:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5278:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5233:
5223:
5220:Lufengpithecus
5213:
5210:Khoratpithecus
5203:
5193:
5183:
5180:Ankarapithecus
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5157:Ouranopithecus
5150:
5147:Nakalipithecus
5140:
5137:Graecopithecus
5130:
5119:
5109:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4998:Rangwapithecus
4994:
4986:
4983:Nyanzapithecus
4979:
4971:
4968:Dendropithecus
4963:
4961:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4938:
4928:
4918:
4908:
4905:Morotopithecus
4898:
4888:
4884:Kamoyapithecus
4877:
4874:Griphopithecus
4867:
4857:
4847:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4730:Soromandrillus
4723:
4716:
4706:
4696:
4686:
4676:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4628:
4618:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4550:Allenopithecus
4545:
4543:
4541:Cercopithecini
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4521:Trachypithecus
4517:
4510:
4503:
4493:
4486:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4438:
4428:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4364:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4338:Zaltanpithecus
4334:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4277:
4271:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4138:
4136:Pliopithecidae
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3887:
3880:
3877:Leontopithecus
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3842:
3840:Callitrichidae
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3771:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3728:
3718:
3708:
3701:
3691:
3684:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3566:
3556:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3502:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3364:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3300:
3298:Parapithecidae
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3280:Proteopithecus
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3176:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3041:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2937:
2927:
2924:Hesperotarsius
2917:
2910:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2877:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2682:Gunnelltarsius
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2548:Pseudotetonius
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2412:Microchoerinae
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:B. hypoxanthus
2196:
2192:B. arachnoides
2186:
2184:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2059:Black howler (
2048:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1998:A. macconnelli
1993:
1984:
1978:Brown howler (
1975:
1966:
1957:
1940:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1904:
1902:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1800:
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1778:External links
1776:
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1747:Int J Primatol
1733:
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1589:
1562:(2): 265–286.
1542:
1531:. 4 April 2016
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935:Social systems
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828:mantled howler
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648:Alouatta juara
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456:Mantled howler
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382:Classification
380:
321:woolly monkeys
313:spider monkeys
273:Howler monkeys
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241:
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5484:
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5465:
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5461:
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5450:Kenyanthropus
5444:
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5441:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5405:
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5308:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
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5285:Anoiapithecus
5282:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5276:Dryopithecini
5270:
5267:
5264:
5259:
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5232:
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5224:
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5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5005:Rukwapithecus
5002:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4975:Micropithecus
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4927:
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4925:Otavipithecus
4919:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4907:
4906:
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4897:
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4895:Kenyapithecus
4889:
4886:
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4793:
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4739:
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4737:Theropithecus
4734:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4703:Procercocebus
4697:
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4687:
4685:
4684:
4677:
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4660:
4658:
4657:
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4637:
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4635:Gorgopithecus
4629:
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4609:
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4564:Cercopithecus
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4557:Allochrocebus
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4507:Semnopithecus
4504:
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4490:Rhinopithecus
4487:
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4470:
4468:
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4463:
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4456:
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4445:Parapresbytis
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4388:Kuseracolobus
4382:
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4272:
4269:
4264:
4250:
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4235:
4234:Laccopithecus
4231:
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4220:Egarapithecus
4217:
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4105:
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4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
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4070:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4053:
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4051:Talahpithecus
4048:
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4045:
4044:Oligopithecus
4041:
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4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4004:Micropithecus
3998:
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3987:
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3725:Protopithecus
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3692:
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3587:Plecturocebus
3584:
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3406:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3386:
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3383:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3366:
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3362:
3359:
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3325:
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3257:
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3228:
3227:
3226:Siamopithecus
3223:
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3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
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3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
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3190:Bugtipithecus
3187:
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3183:Amphipithecus
3180:
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3168:
3162:
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3157:
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3131:
3125:
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3113:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:Afrotarsiidae
3100:
3093:
3092:
3085:
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3081:
3074:
3072:
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3070:Aseanpithecus
3064:
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2914:Cephalopachus
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2873:Afrotarsiidae
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2805:Tarkadectinae
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2675:Ekwiiyemakius
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2506:Anaptomorphus
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2255:
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2197:
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2188:
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2175:
2174:
2169:
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2156:
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2147:
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2142:A. marginatus
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1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:(1): e22729.
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
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1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
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1268:
1264:
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1249:
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1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:0-801-88221-4
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:Wilson, D. E.
1136:
1135:Groves, C. P.
1130:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1029:ursine howler
1025:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:communication
979:
975:
970:
964:Communication
963:
961:
957:
950:
945:
941:
934:
929:
928:Alouatta sara
925:
920:
913:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:precopulatory
863:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
829:
824:
817:
810:
808:
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
785:
781:
779:
777:
773:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
759:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
740:
738:
736:
735:Alouatta sara
732:
729:
726:
722:
721:
717:
715:
713:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
694:
692:
690:
686:
683:
681:
680:
676:
674:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
653:
651:
649:
645:
642:
640:
639:
635:
631:
627:
624:
622:
618:
615:
614:
613:
611:
607:
604:
601:
597:
596:
592:
590:
588:
584:
581:
578:
574:
573:
569:
567:
565:
561:
558:
555:
551:
550:
546:
544:
542:
538:
537:Ursine howler
535:
532:
528:
525:
521:
517:
515:
513:
509:
506:
503:
499:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
481:
477:
474:
472:
468:
465:
464:
463:
461:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:Azuero howler
431:
429:
428:
424:
423:
422:
420:
416:
413:
411:
408:
404:
401:Distribution
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
387:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
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318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
282:
278:
274:
261:
260:
256:
253:Illiger, 1811
251:
250:
246:
245:
243:
240:
236:
233:distribution
232:
228:
224:
219:
216:
212:
207:
202:
197:
196:
191:
188:
184:
179:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
161:, 1897 (1825)
160:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5542:
5482:Paranthropus
5480:
5469:
5458:
5448:
5438:
5430:
5420:
5411:Ardipithecus
5409:
5386:
5361:
5351:
5343:
5322:Rudapithecus
5320:
5312:
5304:
5299:Dryopithecus
5297:
5290:
5283:
5247:Sivapithecus
5245:
5235:
5230:Meganthropus
5228:
5218:
5208:
5200:Indopithecus
5198:
5188:
5178:
5155:
5145:
5135:
5125:
5088:
5080:Symphalangus
5078:
5071:
5064:
5054:
5047:
5042:Bunopithecus
5040:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4990:Oreopithecus
4988:
4981:
4973:
4966:
4943:
4933:
4923:
4913:
4903:
4893:
4882:
4872:
4862:
4852:
4844:Afropithecus
4842:
4735:
4728:
4718:
4711:
4701:
4691:
4681:
4671:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4625:Dinopithecus
4623:
4613:
4595:Nanopithecus
4593:
4583:
4578:Erythrocebus
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4488:
4483:Rhinocolobus
4481:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4452:Piliocolobus
4450:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4418:Microcolobus
4416:
4408:Mesopithecus
4406:
4398:Libypithecus
4396:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4359:
4336:
4329:
4323:Prohylobates
4321:
4313:
4308:Noropithecus
4306:
4283:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:Crouzeliidae
4177:
4170:
4152:Pliopithecus
4150:
4143:
4123:
4113:
4106:
4079:
4072:
4049:
4042:
4037:Catopithecus
4035:
4012:
4002:
3899:
3892:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3785:Dolichocebus
3783:
3773:
3766:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3696:
3686:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3561:
3553:Mazzonicebus
3551:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3514:
3509:Cebupithecia
3507:
3497:
3487:
3480:
3475:Antillothrix
3473:
3450:
3440:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3382:Perupithecus
3380:
3370:
3333:
3326:
3321:Parapithecus
3319:
3312:
3305:
3285:
3278:
3258:
3251:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3181:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3121:
3114:
3091:Phileosimias
3089:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3049:Altiatlasius
3047:
2951:Xanthorhysis
2949:
2939:
2934:Oligotarsius
2932:
2922:
2912:
2905:
2882:
2871:
2861:
2847:Tarsiiformes
2826:
2819:
2812:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2710:Macrotarsius
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2562:Strigorhysis
2560:
2555:Sphacorhysis
2553:
2546:
2539:
2534:Chlororhysis
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2435:Microchoerus
2433:
2426:
2419:
2399:
2392:
2386:Altiatlasius
2384:
2376:
2258:
2241:
2232:
2212:
2200:
2191:
2171:
2160:A. geoffroyi
2159:
2151:A. fusciceps
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2115:A. belzebuth
2114:
2105:
2085:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2034:A. seniculus
2033:
2024:
2016:A. puruensis
2015:
2007:A. nigerrima
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1953:A. arctoidea
1952:
1945:A. seniculus
1944:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1917:A. coibensis
1916:
1908:
1907:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1785:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1702:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1592:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1519:
1500:
1494:
1475:
1444:
1437:
1415:(1): 65–76.
1412:
1408:
1398:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1300:
1296:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1143:
1129:
1112:
1094:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1033:
1007:
983:
980:) vocalising
977:
958:
954:
938:
927:
908:
886:
877:but smaller
868:
855:
844:trichromatic
832:
804:
801:Black howler
787:
775:
757:
734:
711:
688:
670:
647:
629:
620:
609:
606:Brown howler
586:
563:
540:
524:A. seniculus
523:
511:
488:
479:
470:
459:
436:
425:
418:
406:
324:
316:
308:
301:platyrrhines
292:
280:
279:
272:
271:
258:
257:
248:
247:
230:
214:
193:
187:Type species
171:
170:
153:
130:Infraorder:
29:
5660:iNaturalist
5587:Alouattinae
5567:Wikispecies
5030:Hylobatidae
4720:Rungwecebus
4585:Miopithecus
4571:Chlorocebus
4500:Sawecolobus
4435:Paracolobus
4199:Anapithecus
4115:Paidopithex
3870:Leontocebus
3805:Panamacebus
3715:Paralouatta
3651:Brachyteles
3543:Insulacebus
3463:Pitheciidae
3402:Canaanimico
3355:Platyrrhini
3307:Abuqatrania
3123:Afrotarsius
3028:Simiiformes
3015:Simiiformes
2967:Simiiformes
2821:Tarkadectes
2661:Diablomomys
2640:Brontomomys
2576:Teilhardina
2520:Arapahovius
2513:Anemorhysis
2477:Vectipithex
2470:Quercyloris
2463:Pseudoloris
2442:Nannopithex
2428:Melaneremia
2173:Brachyteles
2133:A. hybridus
2106:A. paniscus
1971:A. discolor
1962:A. belzebul
1926:A. palliata
1909:A. palliata
1881:Alouattinae
1682:30 November
1638:3 September
1535:12 February
891:pneumatized
407:A. palliata
309:Brachyteles
293:Alouattinae
154:Alouattinae
150:Subfamily:
134:Simiiformes
18:Alouattinae
5786:Categories
4864:Equatorius
4823:Hominoidea
4810:Hominoidea
4769:see below↓
4760:Hominoidea
4656:Mandrillus
4642:Lophocebus
4615:Cercocebus
4466:Procolobus
4227:Fanchangia
3983:Catarrhini
3970:Catarrhini
3929:see below↓
3920:Catarrhini
3856:Callithrix
3795:Killikaike
3698:Mohanamico
3681:Chilecebus
3607:Soriacebus
3573:Nuciruptor
3533:Homunculus
3523:Chiropotes
3516:Cheracebus
3499:Carlocebus
3489:Callicebus
3452:Tremacebus
3422:Lagonimico
3412:Branisella
3392:Szalatavus
3219:Pondaungia
3137:Eosimiidae
2976:see below↓
2863:Archicebus
2745:Shoshonius
2689:Hemiacodon
2668:Dyseolemur
2654:Chumashius
2597:Trogolemur
2590:Tetonoides
2499:Absarokius
2449:Necrolemur
2394:Bownomomys
2346:Haplorhini
2301:Haplorhini
2180:(Muriquis)
2043:A. ululata
1980:A. guariba
1871:Haplorhini
1869:Suborder:
1788:Factsheets
1726:2 December
1629:Earth News
1612:: 146–151.
1121:References
1004:hyoid bone
972:A pair of
949:Monteverde
905:Locomotion
895:Saurischia
398:Subspecies
364:locomotion
360:frugivores
297:Neotropics
159:Trouessart
124:Haplorhini
120:Suborder:
5792:Folivores
5333:Gorillini
5263:Homininae
5106:Hominidae
5056:Hylobates
4935:Proconsul
4693:Pliopapio
4683:Parapapio
4606:Papionini
4473:Pygathrix
4459:Presbytis
4349:Colobinae
4248:Pliobates
4213:Crouzelia
4014:Saadanius
3849:Callimico
3768:Acrecebus
3745:Stirtonia
3688:Lagothrix
3671:Cartelles
3617:Xenothrix
3372:Parvimico
2898:Tarsiidae
2885:Omomyidae
2780:Washakius
2766:Uintanius
2717:Nesomomys
2647:Chipetaia
2633:Asiomomys
2616:Omomyinae
2569:Tatmanius
2527:Aycrossia
2456:Paraloris
2421:Indusomys
2363:Omomyidae
2311:Kingdom:
2214:Lagothrix
2124:A. chamek
2061:A. caraya
2053:A. caraya
1845:Kingdom:
1767:190648043
1584:209481526
1576:1573-8604
1325:0960-9822
1255:Evolution
1114:Popol Vuh
1086:Argentina
1036:folivores
914:Behaviour
788:A. caraya
356:folivores
290:subfamily
286:monotypic
215:See text
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
5704:12100374
5573:Alouatta
5552:Wikidata
5543:Alouatta
5399:Hominina
5375:Hominini
5292:Danuvius
5168:Ponginae
5127:Buronius
5073:Nomascus
5012:Simiolus
3901:Saguinus
3863:Cebuella
3815:Patasola
3735:Solimoea
3637:Alouatta
3628:Atelidae
3580:Pithecia
3328:Qatrania
3253:Arsinoea
3153:Eosimias
2787:Wyomomys
2752:Steinius
2738:Rooneyia
2696:Jemezius
2604:Walshina
2583:Tetonius
2541:Gazinius
2401:Kohatius
2378:Altanius
2331:Primates
2325:Mammalia
2319:Chordata
2317:Phylum:
2313:Animalia
2260:Category
2077:Atelinae
1989:A. juara
1935:A. pigra
1891:Alouatta
1865:Primates
1859:Mammalia
1853:Chordata
1851:Phylum:
1847:Animalia
1835:Atelidae
1786:Alouatta
1390:29382338
1382:29206291
1343:26592343
1275:14686538
1187:30 March
1163:62265494
1137:(2005).
1063:Sleeping
1046:, buds,
887:Alouatta
741:Bolivia
352:Atelidae
325:Lagotrix
305:muriquis
281:Alouatta
239:Synonyms
231:Alouatta
209:Species
201:Linnaeus
178:Lacépède
172:Alouatta
144:Atelidae
140:Family:
114:Primates
104:Mammalia
94:Chordata
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
5764:ZooBank
5678:1007369
5652:2436647
5558:Q504247
5460:Orrorin
5353:Gorilla
5049:Hoolock
4425:Nasalis
4368:Colobus
3894:Micodon
3829:Sapajus
3822:Saimiri
3756:Cebidae
3705:Oreonax
3661:Caipora
3482:Cacajao
3433:Aotidae
3314:Apidium
3287:Serapia
3260:Biretia
3146:Bahinia
3116:Afrasia
3080:Nosmips
3060:Amamria
2941:Tarsius
2907:Carlito
2828:Tarkops
2794:Yaquius
2759:Stockia
2731:Ourayia
2703:Loveina
2329:Order:
2323:Class:
2025:A. sara
1863:Order:
1857:Class:
1429:6703035
1334:4635310
1305:Bibcode
1240:4305822
1232:8700203
1212:Bibcode
1048:flowers
1012:howling
899:formant
782:Brazil
695:Brazil
593:Brazil
570:Brazil
443:Panama
376:capture
348:Cebidae
341:species
311:), the
259:Stentor
249:Mycetes
167:Genus:
110:Order:
100:Class:
5730:489216
5691:572810
5639:1ALOUG
5600:296352
4854:Ekembo
4649:Macaca
4514:Simias
4285:Alophe
3644:Ateles
3205:Krabia
3198:Ganlea
2773:Utahia
2724:Omomys
2087:Ateles
1765:
1717:
1673:
1582:
1574:
1507:
1482:
1452:
1427:
1388:
1380:
1341:
1331:
1323:
1273:
1238:
1230:
1204:Nature
1161:
1151:
1056:toxins
1050:, and
1040:leaves
879:testes
875:hyoids
790:group
526:group
409:group
374:, and
345:family
319:) and
317:Ateles
203:, 1766
180:, 1799
5751:Plazi
5743:92602
5673:IRMNG
5665:43434
5626:41553
5613:6295H
5237:Pongo
5066:Junzi
4663:Papio
3775:Cebus
3442:Aotus
2814:Tarka
2055:group
1947:group
1911:group
1763:S2CID
1602:(PDF)
1580:S2CID
1386:S2CID
1236:S2CID
1100:Copán
1044:fruit
881:, or
865:Skull
826:Male
392:Image
389:Group
337:howls
329:South
277:genus
5717:9499
5712:NCBI
5686:ITIS
5647:GBIF
5634:EPPO
5595:BOLD
5440:Homo
4125:Kapi
3884:Mico
1728:2022
1715:ISBN
1684:2022
1671:ISBN
1640:2022
1572:ISSN
1537:2019
1505:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1425:PMID
1378:PMID
1339:PMID
1321:ISSN
1271:PMID
1228:PMID
1189:2023
1159:OCLC
1149:ISBN
1052:nuts
331:and
5699:MSW
5621:EoL
5608:CoL
5582:ADW
5388:Pan
1755:doi
1707:doi
1663:doi
1633:BBC
1564:doi
1417:doi
1370:doi
1329:PMC
1313:doi
1263:doi
1220:doi
1208:382
1027:An
889:is
288:in
5788::
5766::
5753::
5740::
5727::
5714::
5701::
5688::
5675::
5662::
5649::
5636::
5623::
5610::
5597::
5584::
5569::
5554::
2057::
1949::
1913::
1761:.
1751:40
1749:.
1745:.
1713:.
1669:.
1631:.
1627:.
1610:86
1608:.
1604:.
1578:.
1570:.
1560:41
1558:.
1554:.
1527:.
1464:^
1423:.
1413:63
1411:.
1407:.
1384:.
1376:.
1366:80
1364:.
1360:.
1337:.
1327:.
1319:.
1311:.
1301:25
1299:.
1295:.
1283:^
1269:.
1259:57
1257:.
1234:.
1226:.
1218:.
1206:.
1179:.
1157:.
922:A
803:,
774:,
756:,
733:,
710:,
687:,
669:,
646:,
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