37:
526:
Steps can be taken to control crown gall disease and reduce the risk of infection. Injured sites on vines, such as those caused by freezing or cutting injuries, are especially susceptible to infection. Planting in frost-prone areas or areas with poor drainage should therefore be avoided. Reducing
1000:
Slater, SC; Goldman, BS; Goodner, B; Setubal, JC; Farrand, SK; Nester, EW; Burr, TJ; Banta, L; Dickerman, AW; Paulsen, I; Otten, L; Suen, G; Welch, R; Almeida, NF; Arnold, F; Burton, OT; Du, Z; Ewing, A; Godsy, E; Heisel, S; Houmiel, KL; Jhaveri, J; Lu, J; Miller, NM; Norton, S; Chen, Q;
493:
into plants. Virulence genes encoded by the Ti plasmid generate single-strand T-DNA molecules, which in turn are transferred to healthy hosts. Disorganized cell division occurs in infected hosts, leading to gall development instead of the formation of healthy vascular tissue.
518:
causes crown gall disease, several symptoms and tests can be used to identify its presence. On grapevines, young galls appear as soft green bumps, which later become brown and rough. Galls do not appear on all grapevines in which
501:. Injuries to a grapevine caused by cutting or freezing may also make the plant more susceptible to crown gall infection. However, galls grow only on trunks or canes, and do not appear on the roots of infected plants.
799:
723:
286:
has been confirmed in
Germany, France, Austria, Hungary, South Africa, and the United States. Crown gall disease outbreaks in Europe and North America in the mid-1980s have been linked to
1080:
1456:
Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio (4 December 2013). "Antioxidant
Activity of Selected Stilbenoids and Their Bioproduction in Hairy Root Cultures of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)".
1563:
1415:"Reduction in Pathogen Populations at Grapevine Wound Sites is Associated with the Mechanism Underlying the Biological Control of Crown Gall by Rhizobium vitis Strain ARK-1"
323:
that are then secreted from the gall. In a vitis, pTi codes for octopine and/or cucumopine. Tumorigenic strains also contain a plasmid that allows the bacterium to utilize
315:
consists of two circular chromosomes and five plasmids. It is 6.32 Mb long and encodes 5549 proteins. Four rRNA operons have been identified. Tumorigenic strains contain a
593:(F2/5, ARK-1, and VAR03-1) have been shown to limit crown gall formation. In investigations involving these strains, F2/5 still induced necrosis but ARK-1 did not.
549:
infection, caused by both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic bacteria strains. Tobacco leaf panel collapse can be induced by the non-tumorigenic F2/5 strain of
578:
202:
in other plant species. Grapevines that have been affected by crown gall disease produce fewer grapes than unaffected plants. Though not all strains of
1537:
577:. Grapevine roots that have been soaked in a suspension containing the inhibitory strain are less susceptible than those that have not. Several
290:, and the species has continued to survive in those regions. Additionally, a survey conducted in China from 2003 to 2009 identified strains of
1601:
674:
630:
1205:
Toklikishvili, N; Dandurishvili, N; Vainstein, A; Tediashvili, M; Giorgobiani, N; Lurie, S; Szegedi, E; Glick, BR; Chernin, L (2010).
668:
Mousavi SA, Willems A, Nesme X, de
Lajudie P, Lindström K (2015). "Revised phylogeny of Rhizobiaceae: proposal of the delineation of
1591:
612:
Mousavi SA, Österman J, Wahlberg N, Nesme X, Lavire C, Vial L, Paulin L, de
Lajudie P, Lindström K (2014). "Phylogeny of the
1001:
Phoolcharoen, W; Ohlin, V; Ondrusek, D; Pride, N; Stricklin, SL; Sun, J; Wheeler, C; Wilson, L; Zhu, H; Wood, DW (2009).
527:
other grapevine stressors, such as nutrient deprivation and low soil pH, also limits susceptibility. Additionally, some
36:
1151:
Huang, S; Long, M; Fu, G; Lin, S; Qin, L; Hu, C; Cen, Z; Lu, J; Li, Q (2015). "Characterization of a new pathovar of
1299:"Biological Control of Crown Gall on Grapevine and Root Colonization by Nonpathogenic Rhizobium vitis Strain ARK-1"
217:
1207:"Inhibitory effect of ACC deaminase-producing bacteria on crown gall formation in tomato plants infected by
199:
537:
is generally susceptible to crown gall disease, but resistant grape species can be planted preferentially.
1492:
1596:
121:
357:
351:
has been redefined to include all biovar III strains. It can be distinguished from biovars I and II,
434:
may cause hypersensitive response in other plant species, crown gall disease induced by tumorigenic
361:, on the basis of its hosts and pathogenicity. Fatty acid analysis also reveals differences between
68:
1180:
868:
147:
31:
1249:
Herlache, TC; Zhang, HS; Ried, CL; Carle, SA; Basaran, P; Thaker, M; Burr, AT; Burr, TJ (2001).
347:
III. Originally, the species included only biovar III strains found in grape hosts. Since then,
573:
Strains of bacteria can be used as biological control agents to limit the growth of pathogenic
1473:
1444:
1373:
1328:
1276:
1172:
1036:
928:
860:
818:
691:
647:
383:
1255:-induced grape necrosis also alter its ability to cause a hypersensitive response on tobacco"
1465:
1434:
1426:
1363:
1318:
1310:
1266:
1226:
1164:
1026:
1018:
920:
852:
808:
763:(Frank 1889), with an emended description of the genus, and the inclusion of all species of
732:
683:
639:
271:
263:
78:
959:
856:
1439:
1414:
1323:
1298:
1031:
1002:
533:
58:
1585:
1231:
1206:
872:
409:
340:
255:
251:
98:
1184:
1568:
490:
88:
1348:"Biological Control of Crown Gall of Grapevine, Rose, and Tomato by Nonpathogenic
924:
1515:
1271:
1250:
911:
Burr, T; Otten, L (1999). "Crown gall of grape: biology and disease management".
1550:
687:
643:
582:
737:
710:
481:
is responsible for transmission of crown gall disease in plants infected with
478:
316:
1368:
1347:
813:
758:
1007:
biovars help elucidate the evolution of multichromosome genomes in bacteria"
561:, is responsible for most diseases, banana leaf blights have been linked to
373:
267:
259:
1477:
1448:
1377:
1332:
1280:
1176:
1168:
1114:
1040:
932:
864:
822:
695:
651:
1430:
1314:
757:
Young, JM; Kuykendall, LD; Martinez-Romero, E; Kerr, A; Sawada, H (2001).
1509:
528:
443:
324:
191:
48:
1542:
1529:
1393:
1022:
198:
S4, is responsible both for crown gall on grapevines and for inducing a
1524:
466:
1555:
1469:
462:
344:
295:
230:
may reduce the yield of infected crops. For this reason, research on
1486:
274:
and motile. On culture, colonies are round, white, and translucent.
212:
shares many genetic and morphological characteristics with several
320:
187:
1490:
589:
tumor production in tomato plants. Non-tumorigenic strains of
391:
species, based on genetic sequence comparison. In 2001, Young
1088:
Cornell
University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
489:
transfers its Ti plasmid to other bacteria, and transfers
450:
may remain latent, not all infected plants show symptoms.
194:
known as crown gall disease. One of the virulent strains,
222:. The two species have overlapping host ranges, and both
970:. British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture. January 2009
1125:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 28 September 2015
426:
Grapevines are the plants most commonly infected with
206:
are tumorigenic, most strains can damage plant hosts.
465:, and has been shown to cause leaf panel collapse in
1081:"How close are we to crown gall-free nursery stock?"
1499:
234:focuses on transmission and methods of control.
457:has been isolated from banana leaves in China.
839:Gelvin, S (2010). "Plant proteins involved in
1123:National Center for Biotechnology Information
672:gen. nov., and 13 new species combinations".
497:Propagation of diseased wood often transmits
8:
1346:Kawaguchi, A; Inoue, K; Ichinose, Y (2008).
365:and other strains of tumorigenic bacteria.
1487:
1458:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
663:
661:
607:
605:
190:. The species is best known for causing a
20:
1438:
1367:
1322:
1292:
1290:
1270:
1244:
1242:
1230:
1146:
1144:
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1200:
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1196:
1194:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1074:
1072:
1070:
906:
904:
902:
438:is unique to grapevines. All strains of
1402:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
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942:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
834:
832:
752:
750:
748:
601:
319:. Ti plasmids in galls produce various
1155:causing banana leaf blight in China".
545:Grape necrosis is a common symptom of
371:has also been classified in the genus
531:are resistant to crown gall disease.
7:
857:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081852
843:-mediated genetic transformation".
624:clade supports the delineation of
14:
1413:Kawaguchi, Akira (31 July 2014).
270:, with individual cells that are
186:is a plant pathogen that infects
1232:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02326.x
581:-producing species found in the
35:
1079:Martinson, T; Burr, T (2012).
968:Government of British Columbia
377:. A 1999 study suggested that
137:(Ophel and Kerr 1990) Mousavi
1:
925:10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.53
775:. 1998) as new combinations:
407:was transferred to the genus
1272:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.10.966
338:was formerly referred to as
168:(Ophel and Kerr 1990) Young
1003:"Genome sequences of three
688:10.1016/j.syapm.2014.12.003
644:10.1016/j.syapm.2013.12.007
381:is more closely related to
1618:
1602:Bacteria described in 2015
709:Ophel, K; Kerr, A (1990).
453:An intraspecific taxon of
1419:Microbes and Environments
1303:Microbes and Environments
1209:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
800:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
738:10.1099/00207713-40-3-236
724:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
719:biovar 3 from grapevines"
153:
146:
127:
120:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
1592:Bacterial grape diseases
1369:10.1094/PHYTO-98-11-1218
814:10.1099/00207713-51-1-89
715:sp. nov. for strains of
1251:"Mutations that affect
1011:Journal of Bacteriology
307:Chromosome and plasmids
200:hypersensitive response
1169:10.1002/jobm.201300113
769:Allorhizobium undicola
553:. While the strain of
254:bacterium with a thin
1431:10.1264/jsme2.ME14059
1315:10.1264/jsme2.ME13014
1297:Kawaguchi, A (2013).
1090:. Appellation Cornell
777:Rhizobium radiobacter
569:Nonpathogenic strains
557:found in grapevines,
278:Range and environment
1115:"Organism Overview:
913:Annu Rev Phytopathol
845:Annu Rev Phytopathol
16:Species of bacterium
1569:allorhizobium-vitis
1501:Allorhizobium vitis
1464:(48): 11744–11758.
1396:Allorhizobium vitis
1350:Agrobacterium vitis
1253:Agrobacterium vitis
1153:Agrobacterium vitis
1117:Agrobacterium vitis
1023:10.1128/JB.01779-08
962:Agrobacterium vitis
713:Agrobacterium vitis
675:Syst Appl Microbiol
631:Syst Appl Microbiol
399:be reclassified as
216:species, including
183:Allorhizobium vitis
160:Ophel and Kerr 1990
157:Agrobacterium vitis
131:Allorhizobium vitis
69:Alphaproteobacteria
25:Allorhizobium vitis
563:A. vitis pv. musae
559:A. vitis pv. vitis
510:Crown gall disease
442:induce grape root
262:. The species is
1579:
1578:
1493:Taxon identifiers
1470:10.1021/jf400760k
1362:(11): 1218–1225.
1157:J Basic Microbiol
403:. More recently,
384:Rhizobium galegae
179:
178:
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1234:
1225:(6): 1023–1030.
1202:
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1111:
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1017:(8): 2501–2511.
997:
980:
979:
977:
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956:
937:
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908:
877:
876:
836:
827:
826:
816:
767:(Conn 1942) and
754:
743:
742:
740:
706:
700:
699:
665:
656:
655:
609:
461:may also infect
317:Ti plasmid (pTi)
282:The presence of
167:
159:
133:
79:Hyphomicrobiales
40:
39:
21:
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1408:Further reading
1394:Type strain of
1390:
1385:
1352:Strain VAR03-1"
1345:
1344:
1340:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1265:(10): 966–972.
1248:
1247:
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1219:Plant Pathology
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759:"A revision of
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659:
611:
610:
603:
599:
571:
543:
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475:
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419:
401:Rhizobium vitis
333:
309:
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298:banana plants.
280:
245:
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165:Rhizobium vitis
142:
135:
129:
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34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1497:
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1491:
1425:(3): 296–302.
1409:
1406:
1405:
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1389:
1388:External links
1386:
1384:
1383:
1356:Phytopathology
1338:
1309:(3): 306–311.
1286:
1259:Phytopathology
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1190:
1163:(1): 129–134.
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1101:
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878:
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731:(3): 236–241.
701:
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541:Other diseases
539:
534:Vitis vinifera
511:
508:
506:
505:In Agriculture
503:
485:. Tumorigenic
474:
471:
423:
420:
418:
415:
395:proposed that
387:than to other
353:A. tumefaciens
332:
331:Classification
329:
311:The genome of
308:
305:
303:
302:Genetic traits
300:
279:
276:
244:
243:Identification
241:
239:
236:
228:A. tumefaciens
219:A. tumefaciens
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1005:Agrobacterium
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960:"Crown gall (
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841:Agrobacterium
835:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
810:
807:(1): 89–103.
806:
802:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:R. rhizogenes
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Agrobacterium
762:
753:
751:
749:
745:
739:
734:
730:
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717:Agrobacterium
714:
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681:
677:
676:
671:
670:Pararhizobium
664:
662:
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653:
649:
645:
641:
638:(3): 208–15.
637:
633:
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627:
623:
622:Agrobacterium
619:
618:Allorhizobium
615:
608:
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602:
596:
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579:ACC deaminase
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463:tomato plants
460:
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451:
449:
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429:
421:
417:Pathogenicity
416:
414:
412:
411:
410:Allorhizobium
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Agrobacterium
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
364:
360:
359:
358:A. rhizogenes
354:
350:
346:
343:
342:
341:Agrobacterium
337:
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314:
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277:
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261:
258:layer in its
257:
256:peptidoglycan
253:
252:Gram-negative
249:
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233:
229:
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221:
220:
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214:Agrobacterium
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126:
123:
122:Binomial name
119:
115:
114:
113:A. vitis
109:
106:
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101:
100:Allorhizobium
97:
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29:
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22:
19:
1597:Rhizobiaceae
1500:
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1156:
1152:
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1116:
1092:. Retrieved
1087:
1014:
1010:
1004:
972:. Retrieved
967:
961:
919:(1): 53–80.
916:
912:
851:(1): 45–68.
848:
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780:
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771:(de Lajudie
768:
764:
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728:
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704:
682:(2): 84–90.
679:
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669:
635:
629:
626:Neorhizobium
625:
621:
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590:
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99:
89:Rhizobiaceae
24:
18:
1551:iNaturalist
1094:16 November
974:16 November
789:R. undicola
628:gen. nov".
583:rhizosphere
1586:Categories
1129:9 November
597:References
479:Ti plasmid
446:. Because
272:rod-shaped
268:mesophilic
188:grapevines
1516:Q26831134
873:207698902
761:Rhizobium
614:Rhizobium
529:cultivars
430:. Though
374:Rhizobium
260:cell wall
107:Species:
1543:11994395
1510:Wikidata
1478:23668830
1449:25077443
1378:18943411
1333:23708779
1281:18944123
1213:A. vitis
1185:19264540
1177:23828501
1041:19251847
933:11701817
865:20337518
823:11211278
793:R. vitis
696:25595870
652:24581678
591:A. vitis
587:A. vitis
585:inhibit
575:A. vitis
555:A. vitis
551:A. vitis
547:A. vitis
521:A. vitis
516:A. vitis
499:A. vitis
487:A. vitis
483:A. vitis
459:A. vitis
455:A. vitis
448:A. vitis
444:necrosis
440:A. vitis
436:A. vitis
432:A. vitis
428:A. vitis
405:A. vitis
397:A. vitis
379:A. vitis
369:A. vitis
363:A. vitis
349:A. vitis
336:A. vitis
325:tartrate
313:A. vitis
296:blighted
292:A. vitis
288:A. vitis
284:A. vitis
248:A. vitis
232:A. vitis
224:A. vitis
210:A. vitis
204:A. vitis
196:A. vitis
148:Synonyms
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
49:Bacteria
45:Domain:
1525:BacDive
1440:4159041
1324:4070965
1032:2668409
785:R. rubi
467:tobacco
264:aerobic
238:Biology
95:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
1556:975307
1530:139548
1476:
1447:
1437:
1398:at Bac
1376:
1331:
1321:
1279:
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871:
863:
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791:, and
694:
650:
393:et al.
345:biovar
321:opines
172:. 2001
141:. 2016
1181:S2CID
1084:(PDF)
869:S2CID
773:et al
514:When
491:T-DNA
422:Hosts
250:is a
192:tumor
170:et al
139:et al
1564:LPSN
1538:GBIF
1474:PMID
1445:PMID
1400:Dive
1374:PMID
1329:PMID
1277:PMID
1173:PMID
1131:2015
1096:2015
1037:PMID
976:2015
929:PMID
861:PMID
819:PMID
692:PMID
648:PMID
477:The
355:and
266:and
226:and
1466:doi
1435:PMC
1427:doi
1364:doi
1319:PMC
1311:doi
1267:doi
1227:doi
1211:or
1165:doi
1027:PMC
1019:doi
1015:191
921:doi
853:doi
809:doi
733:doi
684:doi
640:doi
294:on
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