325:, which had an unusual characteristic. While lambda could infect and reproduce in some strains of its host bacterium E. coli, other strains seemed immune to infection. However, when the immune strains were mixed with non-immune strains, occasionally lambda phage could be observed infecting the non-immune strains. Further research suggested that the immune strains contained a dormant copy of the lambda genome which protected it from infection, but that dormant copy could be activated into the active viral state to begin a new round of infection. This dormant phase was called the âlysogenicâ state and the actively infectious state was called the âlyticâ state. The dormant form of the lambda genome was called the âprophageâ.
294:
cells seen as cleared circular areas (plaques) on the lawn. These plaques were interpreted as the result of a single agent infecting a bacterial cell, reproducing in the cell and then bursting open to infect surrounding cells, repeating the process until a clear circular area of destroyed cells becomes visible to the unaided eye. These filterable agents were named bacteriophages (eaters of bacteria) or phage for short.
518:(Note: After Esther Lederberg's death in November 2006, Campbell published "Phage Integration and Chromosome Structure. A Personal History" with the following dedication: "This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Esther M. Lederberg (1922-2006) whose early work laid some of the ground for the author's research described herein.")
297:
The 1940s produced the first pictures of bacterial viruses using electron microscopy produced the first photos of bacterial viruses, and research on the mechanism of infection and reproduction dramatically increased. One of the focal points of this research was Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory on Long
216:
In 1958 he married Alice del
Campillo, a Ph.D. student in biochemistry at the University of Michigan. They spent the year after their marriage working in Paris. The two worked closely together throughout their careers, investigating research questions such as the encoding of heat-sensitive endolysin
248:
Campbell's research has concentrated on the genetics of bacteria and their viruses, especially the integration of viral DNA into host chromosomes. His most prominent discovery was the proposal of the âCampbell modelâ of virus insertion, where viral DNA is inserted into the host chromosome, becoming
293:
Early studies on bacterial viruses began after the discovery by Twort and dâHerelle of âfilterable agentsâ which were able to destroy bacteria. These were demonstrated by creating a lawn of bacteria on appropriate media, mixing with these âfilterable agentsâ and then observing areas of destroyed
367:
In honoring
Campbell, ASM officials cited his "exceptional insights and achievements in the field of molecular genetics - a career of groundbreaking research that has had a profound influence on several fields, including molecular cloning and gene therapy."
363:
at the society's 104th general meeting in New
Orleans on Monday, May 24, 2004. Campbell delivered the Abbott-ASM Award Lecture and was honored at a dinner ceremony that evening. The award includes a $ 20,000 cash prize and a commemorative piece.
328:
Study of phage lambda over the next 50 years provided valuable insights into virus life cycles, the regulation and expression of genetic material, and the mechanism of integration and excision of genetic material into chromosomal locations.
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1471:
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covalently bonded to the bacterial DNA, and then remains dormant until activation. Campbell's research was focused on a specific bacterial virus, phage lambda, and its host bacterium
349:
416:
Campbell, A.; Berg, D.; Botstein, D.; Lederberg, E.M.; Novick, R.P.; Starlinger, P.; Szybalski, W. (March 1979). "Nomenclature of transposable elements in prokaryotes".
397:
Campbell, A.; Berg, D.; Botstein, D.; Lederberg, E.M.; Novick, R.P.; Starlinger, P.; Szybalski, W. (1977). "Nomenclature of transposable elements in prokaryotes".
332:
Allan
Campbell's contribution to the field with the âCampbell modelâ of integration and excision marked a major step forward in the understanding of this process.
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67:
446:
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Griffiths, Anthony J.F.; Wessler, Susan R.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, William M.; Suzuki, David T.; Miller, Jeffrey H. (2005).
406:
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1090:"A historical overview of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial pathogens"
202:
341:
607:
165:
in the late 20th century. An important collaborator and member of his laboratory at
Stanford University was biochemist
281:
has been a primary focus of his research, Campbell and research associates also studied regulation and expression of
201:. During the summers he spent time with Gio ("Joe") Bertani at Caltech and the University of Southern California, at
719:
578:
236:
166:
445:
Campbell, A.; Starlinger, P.; Berg, D.; Botstein, D.; Lederberg, E.M.; Novick, R.P.; Szybalski, W. (July 1979).
482:
798:
268:
biology. It was described as "a wide-ranging and critical evaluation of the experimental foundation of the
231:, where he led his own laboratory. He was appointed to the Barbara Kimball Browning endowed chair in 1992.
221:
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genes linked to the lambda insertion location, including the biotin (bio) and galactose (gal) genes.
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and the
Barbara Kimball Browning Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biology at
1237:"High-resolution view of bacteriophage lambda gene expression by ribosome profiling"
1067:
1187:
1145:
976:
910:
322:
158:
104:
1421:"Campbell to receive American Society for Microbiology lifetime achievement award"
1420:
1235:
Liu, Xiaoqiu; Jiang, Huifeng; Gu, Zhenglong; Roberts, Jeffrey W. (28 June 2013).
765:
299:
891:
1206:
378:
Campbell, Allan M. (1963). "Episomes". In
Caspari, E.W.; Thoday, J.M. (eds.).
314:
and others met in the summers for research and training of new investigators.
150:
1270:
1113:
687:
275:
While study of the regulation of integration and excision of phage lambda in
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1288:
1214:
1147:
Coming of Phage: Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the first phage course
1131:
1010:
928:
783:
705:
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1059:
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Campbell received the 2004 Abbott-ASM Lifetime
Achievement Award from the
473:
437:
108:
1389:
1105:
679:
269:
265:
1088:
Wittebole, Xavier; De Roock, Sophie; Opal, Steven M (1 January 2014).
547:
Feiss, Michael; Cleary, Patrick; Court, Donald; Adhya, Sankar (2021).
277:
149:(April 27, 1929 â April 19, 2018) was an American microbiologist and
579:"Allan McCulloch Campbell - View Obituary & Service Information"
951:"Microbial Genomics: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants, Part II"
382:. Vol. 11. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press. pp. 101â145.
483:"Phage Integration and Chromosome Structure. A Personal History"
181:(1950) and master's (1951) and doctoral (1953) degrees from the
863:"CO-EDITORS OF THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS - VOLUME 46, 2012"
1041:"Episomes. By Allan M. Campbell. (Pp. xiii+ 193; illustrated"
224:, where he made significant discoveries about lambda phage.
1487:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
220:
Campbell spent the next nine years on the faculty of the
754:"Bacteriophage lambda: Early pioneer and still relevant"
264:
published in 1968, the first comprehensive treatment of
447:"Nomenclature of transposable elements in prokaryotes"
227:
In 1968 Campbell joined the Department of Biology at
752:
Casjens, Sherwood R.; Hendrix, Roger W. (May 2015).
1394:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
608:"Stanford microbiologist Allan Campbell dies at 88"
401:. : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. pp. 15â22.
350:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
128:
114:
100:
85:
77:
63:
55:
43:
28:
21:
550:Allan M. Campbell 1929â2018, A Biographical Memoir
197:From 1953-1957 Campbell was on the faculty of the
1472:Stanford University Department of Biology faculty
720:"Alice Campbell May 30, 1928 - November 26, 2019"
1188:"Why Be Temperate: Lessons from Bacteriophage λ"
556:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences
257:can be inserted and excised in other organisms.
1311:(8th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
1241:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
217:and the biosynthesis and regulation of biotin.
399:DNA insertion elements, plasmids, and episomes
1173:"Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg: Published Works"
177:Campbell earned his bachelor's degree at the
8:
885:
883:
253:, but the model provided insights into how
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1412:
1410:
899:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
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18:
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1369:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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289:Background on phage lambda and lysogeny
601:
599:
499:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130240
340:Campbell was an elected member of the
1153:. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 1995
1039:Fincham, J. R. S. (1 December 1969).
346:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
975:Helinski, Donald R. (4 April 2022).
890:Gottesman, M.; Weisberg, R. (2004).
260:This model was proposed in the book
849:10.1146/annurev.ge.43.102209.100001
835:Campbell, Allan (2009). "Preface".
815:10.1146/annurev.ge.18.081506.100001
1492:Annual Reviews (publisher) editors
809:(1): annurev.ge.18.081506.100001.
179:University of California, Berkeley
68:University of California, Berkeley
14:
797:Roman, Herschel (December 1984).
481:Campbell, Allan (December 2007).
361:American Society for Microbiology
1305:Introduction to genetic analysis
993:10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0028-2021
354:American Academy of Microbiology
1419:Shwartz, Mark (30 April 2004).
892:""Little Lambda Who Made Thee""
633:"Oral History | Allan Campbell"
234:Campbell was the editor of the
81:Pioneering work on Lambda phage
981:Historical Perspectives Review
911:10.1128/MMBR.68.4.796-813.2004
1:
977:"A Brief History of Plasmids"
662:Campbell, Allan (July 2012).
637:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
203:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
1344:National Academy of Sciences
1186:Gandon, Sylvain (May 2016).
466:10.1016/0147-619X(79)90030-1
430:10.1016/0378-1119(79)90078-7
342:National Academy of Sciences
766:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.010
352:(1983) and a fellow of the
167:Alice del Campillo Campbell
157:. His pioneering work on
89:Alice del Campillo Campbell
1508:
1365:"Allan McCulloch Campbell"
1477:American science teachers
1207:10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.008
837:Annual Review of Genetics
803:Annual Review of Genetics
606:Than, Ker (May 1, 2018).
487:Annual Review of Genetics
237:Annual Review of Genetics
140:
93:
1462:American microbiologists
147:Allan McCulloch Campbell
1262:10.1073/pnas.1309739110
222:University of Rochester
119:University of Rochester
1195:Trends in Microbiology
199:University of Michigan
183:University of Illinois
72:University of Illinois
1060:10.1136/jmg.6.4.443-a
372:Selected publications
185:where he worked with
1467:American geneticists
955:Microbiology Society
760:. 479â480: 310â330.
380:Advances in Genetics
255:extrachromosomal DNA
1253:2013PNAS..11011928L
1247:(29): 11928â11933.
987:(1): eESP00282021.
240:from 1985 to 2012.
229:Stanford University
155:Stanford University
123:Stanford University
16:American biochemist
1390:"Historic Fellows"
1106:10.4161/viru.25991
680:10.4161/bact.22762
161:helped to advance
949:Falkow, Stanley.
664:"Life in Science"
298:Island, where a â
163:molecular biology
144:
143:
95:Scientific career
23:Allan M. Campbell
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1340:"Allan Campbell"
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319:Esther Lederberg
207:Institut Pasteur
130:Doctoral advisor
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1201:(5): 356â365.
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1100:(1): 226â235.
1080:
1054:(4): 443â444.
1031:
967:
941:
905:(4): 796â813.
879:
867:Annual Reviews
854:
827:
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674:(3): 137â138.
649:
624:
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460:(3): 466â473.
442:
424:(3): 197â206.
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373:
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337:
334:
312:Alfred Hershey
304:Salvador Luria
290:
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245:
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211:François Jacob
194:
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187:Sol Spiegelman
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78:Known for
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51:(aged 88)
47:April 19, 2018
45:
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39:April 27, 1929
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15:
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1482:Phage workers
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668:Bacteriophage
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613:
612:Stanford News
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389:9780120176113
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20:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
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1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1324:17 September
1322:. Retrieved
1304:
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1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1198:
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1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1146:
1140:
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1071:. Retrieved
1051:
1047:
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984:
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958:. Retrieved
954:
944:
934:17 September
932:. Retrieved
902:
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870:. Retrieved
866:
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840:
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818:. Retrieved
806:
802:
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757:
728:. Retrieved
723:
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671:
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640:. Retrieved
636:
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617:17 September
615:. Retrieved
611:
586:. Retrieved
582:
558:. Retrieved
549:
512:17 September
510:. Retrieved
490:
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457:
453:
421:
417:
398:
379:
366:
358:
348:(1971), the
344:(1971), the
339:
331:
327:
323:lambda phage
316:
308:Max DelbrĂŒck
296:
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282:
276:
274:
261:
259:
250:
247:
235:
233:
226:
219:
215:
196:
176:
169:, his wife.
159:Lambda phage
146:
145:
115:Institutions
105:Microbiology
94:
49:(2018-04-19)
1457:2018 deaths
1452:1929 births
1425:EurekAlert!
1048:J Med Genet
493:(1): 1â11.
321:discovered
300:phage group
205:and at the
56:Nationality
1446:Categories
523:References
272:concept".
151:geneticist
35:1929-04-27
1271:0027-8424
1114:2150-5594
1094:Virulence
1019:247938414
799:"Preface"
688:2159-7081
302:â led by
173:Education
64:Education
1289:23812753
1215:26946976
1132:23973944
1068:85273254
1011:35373578
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1430:5 April
1399:6 April
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1349:5 April
1280:3718152
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