318:
is from these times that intense
Gawwada-Amharic constant can be dated. The language contact increase in intensity after the fall of the empire. That is the reason why there is a huge amount of Amharic loans, which is probably in rise, together with literacy and the already mentioned bilingualism, because Amharic is the only language through which people have access to „modern" vocabulary within subjects such as politics, Christianity or technology. It is the language in which education is taught and in which all official organizational processes take place. Loan words from European languages (mostly English or Italian) also find their way into Gawwada through Amharic. This is also the language that is spoken the most in addition to Gawwada. Today the present constitution accords full rights to every community and language of the country: "All Ethiopian languages shall enjoy equal state recognition." Another language often spoken by the people is Konso and other Konsoid variations. In most cases, Dullay variations are not written.
227:
Occasionally, three terms have been employed in scholarly literature. The first one, introduced by Bender (1971) came from the official
Amharic administrativ denominations. for the area at that time. Second is "Qawko" by Hayward (1978) from the term "man" (saw—h-o). And the last, "Dullay" was introduced by Amborn, Linker and Sasse (1980) from the river known in Amharic as Weyt'o, which is one of the most salient features in these area. In addition to that it must be written, that none of those names bears any meaning to the speakers. So all of those denomination are exonimous names. The denomination of "Ale" is a rather young denomination used in English publications and used by the today's administration of Ethiopia.
3679:
322:
tobacco, while others possess unique powers associated with matters of love or peace. Although clans do not exert economic influence in terms of land or activities, they play a crucial role in regulating marriages and serve as the primary social entity responsible for community reproduction and preservation. Each clan is led by both a political and a religious chief (polo-h-o).
1663:
For adjectives, there is no clear-cut definition. However, they can be described as modifiers of a noun or as pronominal headings for attributives or predicates. Adjectives exhibit non-inherent gender, yet they are connected to nouns with genders. Adjectives cannot function alone within a sentence or
317:
Bilingualism and multilingualism are widespread in the Dullay language area. People often speak
Amharic first, which is now the official language in Ethiopia and is spoken and used in official offices etc. Especially after the Second World War a minimum modern administration was established, and it
1521:
From a morphological perspective, nouns can be inflected according to gender, number or case. If you inflect a word in the
Gawwada language, you add a suffix to the word or the word stem changes as a whole. There are different types of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns (names), adjectival nouns,
1399:
From a morphological perspective, nouns can be inflected according to gender, number or case. If you inflect a word in the
Gawwada language, you add a suffix to the word or the word stem changes as a whole. There are different types of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns (names), adjectival nouns,
310:
There is generally little information about the Dullay-speaking tribes before the end of the 19th century. The most significant historical event in the modern consciousness of the Dullay-speaking
Triebes is the conquest of their territory by Menilek the 2nd's troops in 1897/98. Through fighting,
242:
There are several distinct dialect centres within the Dullay language area. For example, the 'Harso-Dobase'. However, this differs only very slightly and is often treated as a single unit. There is also the
Gawwada-Gollango. There are greater differences here than with the Harso-Dobase dialects.
321:
The social structure revolves around clans that practice exogamy. These clans possess distinct abilities related to natural occurrences, plants, and animals. Various clans exhibit diverse powers, such as the ability to control rainfall and enhance cattle multiplication. Some clans specialize in
226:
Dullay-speaking tribes inhabit an area that stretches from the
Gaedulla-Dobase Mountains south of Lake Cam to the highlands of Hanna-Hamar. Historically, the Dullay-speaking people lack an overarching term for themselves, and they do not seem to identify as an ethnic or linguistic group.
238:
The name
Gawwada originally comes from the village of the same name and the surrounding area that gave the language its name. Gawwada and other Dullay variations, apart from Ts'amakko, are spoken in the mountainous regions at an altitude of around 1600–1700 metres.
222:
There is no superordinate ethnonym. The name 'Dullay' was established by AMBORN, MINKER and SASSE (1980) and named after the river of the same name, which is known as Weyt'o in
Amharic. This is therefore an exonimous name, but is also officially used in Ethiopia.
1672:
In the numerical system, numbers function similarly to numerals and modifiers, with "one" being the exception. When it comes to the tens, the base numeral is "ten," which is then expanded by an intermediary element (=pa) and the digit that completes the number.
894:
Long vowels will be written with the doubling of the corresponding grapheme except in phonetic transcriptions (/aa/, /ee/, /ii/, /oo/, /uu/) and both and will be written. /a, aa/. The phonological value of length is shown by a sizable number of minimal pairs:
1654:
Auch in Gawwada können Verben nach Tense, Aspect, Mood und Modality unterschieden werden. Außerdem gibt es in Gawwada die Unterscheidung der Verben in zwei Klassen. Klasse 1 und Klasse 2. Klasse 1 Verben sind Verben, die auf einen singel-consonant enden.
234:
the western and the eastern group of dialects can be opposed, the western area with Ts'amakko and the eastern part with Gawwada, which spans the two banks of Weyt'o river. Eastern dialects occupy the highlands to the east and north of Gawwada.
1632:
There are 3 persons in the singular and plural. In the inflection, the endings for the person, gender and number are then combined. Accordingly, the subject of the sentences can be singular or plural in number, feminine or natural in gender.
1636:
Verbs in Gawwada can be described according to four different states. The first are "situations", in which the verbs assume a static, non-dynamic form. They can also be differentiated according to "events", "processes" and "actions".
1615:
In the case of countable animates where gender holds little cultural significance, linguistic expression does not convey natural gender. Many of these nouns lack a morphological plural form and, instead, utilize a fixed singulative:
1201:
There are differences in linguistic coding between polar questions and constituent questions, although both types use the same TAM coding. When using yes/no questions, the voice goes up, as in English, for example.
333:
The phonological system consists of 22 consonants and 10 vowels. The consonants include 12 plosives, five fricatives, one affricate, one trill and three approximants. There are also seven alveolar consonants.
314:
According to the 1994 census, there were 32,636 Gawwada speakers, and a total of about 90,000 people speaking Dullay variations in general. The language is not threatened with extinction.
3663:
2199:
1129:
The onset of a syllable is therefore always consonantal in Gawwada, while a coda can be represented by (rarely) a single consonant or (more usually) be null.
2787:
759:/ʔ/, a voiceless laryngeal/glottal pulmonic stop, realized as lengthening of a preceding vowel when postvocalic, often with accompanying glottalization ();
1271:
Constituent questions involve a particular element, which is substituted by an interrogative word. The interrogative word may be led by a postposition.
606:
3720:
311:
deportation and slavery, the population was decimated to such an extent that today only 1/3 of the former population still lives in this area.
656:
3749:
3656:
2192:
632:
2135:
500:
3744:
2896:
2780:
541:
682:
Although the words usually end with a vowel, all consonants can occur at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of a word.
3007:
527:
3025:
3739:
3649:
2185:
62:
534:
3082:
2148:
3713:
2773:
2261:
559:
552:
2959:
2352:
665:
412:
405:
3228:
2309:
460:
453:
3467:
3454:
2754:
2555:
2545:
2520:
428:
3372:
2174:
Firew Girma Worku (2012) The Syllable Structure of Gawwada: A Moraic Model Representations. ISBN 9783846582763
3754:
3251:
2610:
421:
3016:
3706:
3272:
3055:
2620:
2156:
806:
The only affricate is also ejective, and its articulation place is either postalveolar or alveolo-palatal;
493:
469:
357:
203:
717:(at least partially) voiced alveolar pulmonic stop word-initially, voiced between vowels and in clusters;
3629:
2208:
700:(at least partially) voiced bilabial pulmonic stop word-initially, voiced between vowels and in clusters
580:
573:
89:
2638:
1664:
as the head of the sentence. They also lack tense, aspect, or mood morphology but refer to the noun.
1190:
728:(at least partially) voiced velar pulmonic stop word-initially, voiced between vowels ad in clusters;
377:
30:
This article is about the language of Ethiopia. For the language of Vanuatu also known as "Ale", see
3501:
1140:
The Dullay variations are characterised by a very rigid construction of subject-object-verb (SOV).
507:
446:
2065:
3038:
2796:
2693:
2387:
2339:
769:, a voiced bilabial implosive stop, realized as a glottal-bilabial coarticulation when geminate;
484:
352:
94:
2314:
3207:
3095:
2964:
2871:
2673:
2600:
2590:
2495:
2480:
2452:
2407:
2324:
2242:
785:/ɠ/ a voiced velar implosive stop, realized as a glottal- velar coarticulation when geminate;
777:
a glottal-alveolar coarticulation before vowels other than high fronted /i/ and when geminate
624:
382:
362:
210:
in the administratively part of the "South Ethiopia Regional State" (SERS). It is part of the
1430:-a: Also masculine, but only for a specific type of nouns, often loanwords or kinship terms.
3522:
3344:
3326:
3124:
3105:
3072:
3044:
2938:
2733:
2485:
2475:
2462:
2402:
2392:
2284:
2274:
372:
347:
231:
211:
99:
31:
3558:
3542:
3406:
3362:
3357:
3180:
3170:
3155:
3109:
3033:
2989:
2943:
2843:
2738:
2668:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2362:
2299:
2289:
2237:
567:
367:
154:
81:
3690:
3633:
3610:
3595:
3563:
3411:
3321:
3305:
3216:
3134:
3129:
3090:
3067:
2984:
2908:
2866:
2816:
2804:
2703:
2683:
2678:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2633:
2628:
2595:
2565:
2560:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2422:
2412:
2397:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2319:
2304:
2232:
1167:
147:
190:
3733:
3442:
3401:
3385:
3380:
3256:
3150:
2848:
2837:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2653:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2550:
2540:
2505:
2470:
2432:
2347:
2294:
2222:
832:
598:
3494:
3165:
2605:
2329:
745:(at least partially) voiced uvular pulmonic stop word-initially, voiced in clusters
437:
1424:
With some exceptions, all nouns are in the singular form, based on the following:
243:
Other ALE-Gawwada variations are, for example, Dihina, Gergere, Gobeze or Gorose.
1246:
With a consonant-final word the lengthening of the final bowl is replaced by =i
844:
827:
650:
3678:
2139:
2048:
2043:
874:
837:
1629:
In Gawwada, verbs are inflected for person, number, gender, aspect and mood:
17:
3175:
859:
521:
394:
183:
167:
1525:
The following suffixes/infixes signal that a noun is in the singular form:
1403:
The following suffixes/infixes signal that a noun is in the singular form:
174:
3686:
3437:
3160:
2279:
1533:
The following suffixes/infixes signal that a noun is in the plural form:
1411:
The following suffixes/infixes signal that a noun is in the plural form:
1365:
1226:
1175:
207:
58:
48:
2177:
734:
voiced velar pharyngealized stop before /i/, both simpleton and geminate
2269:
2227:
389:
3429:
2765:
2144:
1198:
More often the MP Coreferential with the subject clitic is missing.
1361:
1222:
1171:
3277:
3185:
1350:
1211:
202:(also known as Gawwada, Gauwada, Gawata, Kawwad'a, Kawwada) is an
1157:
2099:
A Grammar of Gawwada. A Cushitic Language of South-West Ethiopia
1522:
positional nouns and the proniminal head and personal pronouns.
1400:
positional nouns and the proniminal head and personal pronouns.
754:
rarely, voiceless laryngeal/glottal pulmonic stop between vowels
2769:
2181:
1255:
1230:
742:
voiceless uvular pulmonic stop, especially when geminate (/qː/)
731:
devoiced unreleased velar pulmonic stop with early voice onset;
1073:
The following table defines all possible syllable structures:
2066:
The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List
246:
Here is an example of a distinction between two variations:
2119:
Proceedings of the 6th World Congress of African Linguistics
706:, rarely; voiced bilabial fricative in intervocalic position
1640:
Verbs can be differentiated between Unbounded und Bounded
3694:
3637:
780:
postalveolar plain /ɖ/ before a high fronted vowel /i/;
774:/ɗ/ a voiced postalveolar implosive stop, realized as:
703:
devoiced unreleased bilabial pulmonic stop, word-final
748:
devoiced unreleased uvular pulmonic stop word-finally
714:
voiceless alveolar pulmonic stop when geminate (/tː/)
697:
voiceless bilabial pulmonic stop when geminate (/pː/)
3588:
3551:
3531:
3511:
3484:
3477:
3453:
3428:
3394:
3371:
3343:
3314:
3294:
3265:
3244:
3237:
3215:
3206:
3143:
3117:
3104:
3081:
3054:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2977:
2952:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2895:
2888:
2859:
2825:
2803:
2747:
2726:
2619:
2461:
2338:
2260:
2251:
2215:
1651:The negation is done by the negativ Selektor „ye“.
181:
165:
160:
144:
117:
78:
68:
54:
44:
39:
1062:to take a kattle back to the kral in the evening’
2117:Tosco, Mauro. "The grammar of space of Gawwada".
725:voiceless velar pulmonic, when geminate (/kː/)
3714:
3657:
2781:
2193:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1699:
1685:
8:
1297:general interrogative pronoun for an object
711:/t/, an alveolar pulmonic stop realized as:
694:/p/, a bilabial pulmonic stop, realized as:
2157:"Preliminary survey on 'Alle verbal system"
1286:generic interrogative pronoun for a person
3721:
3707:
3664:
3650:
3535:
3515:
3481:
3459:
3298:
3241:
3221:
3212:
3114:
3060:
3021:
3012:
2928:
2921:
2901:
2892:
2829:
2809:
2788:
2774:
2766:
2257:
2200:
2186:
2178:
1308:(genre interrogative pronoun for a place)
36:
27:Afro-Asiatic language of southern Ethiopia
722:/k/, a velar pulmonic stop, realized as:
2145:Gawwada language topical vocabulary list
1675:
1540:
1438:
1273:
1078:
1035:
989:
943:
897:
821:
739:/q/, uvular pulmonic stop, realized as:
341:
248:
2036:
1529:-t; -att; -itt; it; -k; -ak; -akk; -h;
1436:-e: Sometimes also the plural marker.
1407:-t; -att; -itt; it; -k; -ak; -akk; -h;
751:voiced uvular fricative between vowels
2112:
2110:
2108:
1187:'The hyena man sent onwards the wind'
796:/k'/ a voiceless velar ejective stop;
116:
7:
3675:
3673:
3625:
3623:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2136:World Atlas of Language Structures
1189:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
25:
1647:Unbounded: Situations and actions
1620:ʔoršɑʕ-t-o (sing-M): 'rhinoceros‘
1184:hyena_man wind-F INDV=send-PFV.3M
664:
655:
631:
605:
579:
572:
558:
551:
540:
533:
526:
506:
499:
492:
468:
459:
452:
436:
427:
420:
411:
404:
3677:
793:/t'/, an alveolar ejective stop;
1537:-aɗɗ; -iɗɗ; -C; -aan; -aaM; ...
1415:-aɗɗ; -iɗɗ; -C; -aan; -aaM; ...
2164:Studies in Ethiopian Languages
1644:Bounded: Events, and Processes
1:
890:/a, aː/ may also be heard as
764:glottalic, implosives :
63:South Ethiopia Regional State
3693:. You can help Knowledge by
3636:. You can help Knowledge by
1056:‚to cut with an instrument‘
206:language spoken in southern
3771:
3750:Afroasiatic language stubs
3672:
3622:
1692:
1681:
29:
3604:
3538:
3518:
3462:
3301:
3224:
3063:
2904:
2832:
2812:
2155:Yoshino, Hiroshi (2013).
1694:
1683:
1678:
649:
623:
597:
566:
520:
388:
344:
74:69,000 (2007 census)
2755:Ethiopian sign languages
1181:Puta ʔuruur-e ʔi=ʔerak-i
3745:East Cushitic languages
2149:World Loanword Database
2054:(subscription required)
2021:
2011:
2001:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1700:
1686:
3689:-related article is a
3632:-related article is a
3252:Borana–Arsi–Guji Oromo
790:glottalic, ejectives:
232:Dullay dialect cluster
212:Dullay dialect cluster
3740:Languages of Ethiopia
3630:Afroasiatic languages
2209:Languages of Ethiopia
2097:Tosco, Mauro (2021).
964:Trap for big animals
2925:Hadiyyaic–Kambaataic
1242:"Did it all dry up?"
1542:
1441:
1276:
1090:‚mother; language'
1080:
1037:
991:
945:
899:
250:
3229:West–Central Oromo
2797:Cushitic languages
2216:Official languages
1541:
1510:‚mothers brother‘
1482:‚handle of a cup‘
1439:
1274:
1239:all-M dry-PFV.3M-Q
1123:‚speckled pigeon‘
1079:
1069:Syllable structure
1036:
990:
944:
918:‚to seize, catch‘
898:
249:
3702:
3701:
3645:
3644:
3617:
3616:
3611:extinct languages
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2973:
2972:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2763:
2762:
2727:Foreign languages
2722:
2721:
2140:Dullay (Gollango)
2052:(18th ed., 2015)
2028:
2027:
1613:
1612:
1514:
1513:
1374:what-M do-PFV.2SG
1342:
1341:
1127:
1126:
1066:
1065:
1034:
1033:
988:
987:
942:
941:
887:
886:
680:
679:
308:
307:
257:Gollango-Gawwada
218:Socio-linguistics
197:
196:
16:(Redirected from
3762:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3624:
3536:
3516:
3482:
3460:
3299:
3242:
3222:
3213:
3115:
3106:Somali languages
3061:
3022:
3013:
2929:
2922:
2902:
2893:
2830:
2810:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2310:Sebat Bet Gurage
2258:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2179:
2171:
2161:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2041:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1992:
1990:hudan-k-o-kollan
1982:
1972:
1960:
1958:hudan-k-o-setten
1950:
1940:
1928:
1926:hudan-k-o-tahhan
1918:
1908:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1800:
1798:hudan-k-o-ʔizzah
1790:
1780:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1676:
1543:
1442:
1377:What did you do?
1367:
1363:
1352:
1336:'how much/many'
1277:
1257:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1213:
1194:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1081:
1038:
1016:‚To distribute’
992:
946:
900:
822:
691:oral, plosives:
668:
659:
635:
609:
583:
576:
562:
555:
544:
537:
530:
510:
503:
496:
487:
472:
463:
456:
449:
440:
431:
424:
415:
408:
401:
342:
251:
193:
177:
170:
150:
84:
37:
32:Wailapa language
21:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3671:
3670:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3600:
3568:
3547:
3527:
3507:
3473:
3449:
3416:
3390:
3367:
3331:
3310:
3282:
3261:
3233:
3190:
3139:
3100:
3077:
3050:
2994:
2969:
2948:
2913:
2876:
2855:
2821:
2799:
2794:
2764:
2759:
2743:
2718:
2615:
2546:Kachama-Ganjule
2521:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
2457:
2334:
2253:
2247:
2211:
2206:
2159:
2154:
2138:information on
2132:
2127:
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2115:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2072:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2012:hudan-k-o-lakki
1980:hudda=pa kollan
1948:hudda=pa setten
1916:hudda=pa tahhan
1894:hudan-k-o-tappi
1862:hudan-k-o-hupin
1830:hudan-k-o-salah
1788:hudda=pa ʔizzah
1766:hudan-k-o-lakki
1695:
1670:
1661:
1627:
1519:
1422:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1354:
1275:Question words
1269:
1259:
1244:
1234:
1215:
1196:
1188:
1179:
1161:
1150:
1135:
1071:
924:‚to be afraid‘
820:
688:
483:
445:
399:
393:
361:
340:
328:
220:
189:
173:
166:
155:Ethiopic script
151:
146:
113:
85:
82:Language family
80:
71:
70:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3755:Ethiopia stubs
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3498:
3490:
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3479:
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3468:Taita Cushitic
3463:
3457:
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2960:Alaba-Kʼabeena
2956:
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2935:
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2926:
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2778:
2770:
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2760:
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2748:Sign languages
2745:
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2730:
2728:
2724:
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2646:
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2611:Zayse-Zergulla
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
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2558:
2553:
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2365:
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2255:
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2240:
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2197:
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2182:
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2175:
2172:
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2142:
2131:
2130:External links
2128:
2125:
2124:
2104:
2070:
2064:Blench, 2006.
2057:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1884:hudda=pa tappi
1880:
1877:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1852:hudda=pa hupin
1848:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1820:hudda=pa salah
1816:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1784:
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1774:
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1769:
1762:
1759:
1756:hudda=pa lakki
1752:
1749:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1724:hudda=pa toʔon
1720:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:‚Many police‘
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:,policewoman'
1590:
1587:
1584:
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1460:
1456:
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1449:
1446:
1427:-o: Masculine
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1355:
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1334:
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1320:
1319:
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1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1249:
1248:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1162:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1030:‚share, part‘
1028:
1025:
1024:‚type of hoe'
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
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986:
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835:
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819:
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709:
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629:
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531:
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450:
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409:
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397:
386:
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365:
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288:
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219:
216:
195:
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161:Language codes
158:
157:
152:
148:Writing system
145:
142:
141:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:Gawwada proper
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
88:
86:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3767:
3756:
3753:
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3724:
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3655:
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3648:
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3639:
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3587:
3565:
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3408:
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3364:
3361:
3359:
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3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:Bussa–Dirasha
3313:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Eastern Oromo
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3187:
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3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
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3169:
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3162:
3159:
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3149:
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3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
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3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3083:Rendille–Boni
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3046:
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2772:
2771:
2768:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
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2725:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
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2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Kacipo-Balesi
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:
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1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1688:
1679:base numeral
1677:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1433:-e: Feminine
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:moʔ-o koɗ-ti︎
1368:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:σ = CV(V)(C)
1074:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
913:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
896:
889:
888:
883:
880:
878:
876:
873:
872:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:
817:
812:
805:
804:
803:
802:
801:4. affricate
800:
795:
792:
791:
789:
784:
779:
776:
775:
773:
768:
767:
766:
765:
763:
758:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
738:
733:
730:
727:
724:
723:
721:
716:
713:
712:
710:
705:
702:
699:
696:
695:
693:
692:
690:
689:
685:
683:
676:
674:
672:
670:
667:
663:
661:
658:
654:
652:
648:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
634:
630:
628:
626:
622:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
608:
604:
602:
600:
596:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
548:
546:
543:
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
523:
519:
516:
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
498:
495:
491:
489:
486:
482:
481:
478:
476:
474:
471:
467:
465:
462:
458:
455:
451:
448:
444:
443:
439:
435:
433:
430:
426:
423:
419:
417:
414:
410:
407:
403:
398:
396:
391:
387:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
343:
337:
335:
331:
325:
323:
319:
315:
312:
303:
300:
297:
296:
292:
289:
286:
285:
281:
278:
275:
274:
270:
267:
264:
263:
259:
256:
254:Harso-Dobase
253:
252:
247:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
224:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
192:
188:
186:
185:
180:
176:
172:
169:
164:
159:
156:
153:
149:
143:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
120:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
18:Alle language
3695:expanding it
3684:
3638:expanding it
3627:
3619:
3606:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3466:
3352:
3238:Central–East
3043:
2978:Gedeo–Sidama
2836:
2621:Nilo-Saharan
2357:
2262:Ethiosemitic
2167:
2163:
2118:
2098:
2060:
2047:
2039:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1650:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1614:
1606:polis-aɗɗ-e
1589:polis-its-e
1572:'apoliceman
1569:polis-itt-o
1532:
1524:
1520:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1236:mul-o šaah-i
1235:
1220:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1166:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1133:Morphosyntax
1128:
1075:
1072:
893:
681:
332:
329:
320:
316:
313:
309:
260:Translation
245:
241:
237:
229:
225:
221:
204:Afro-Asiatic
199:
198:
182:
104:
90:Afro-Asiatic
2536:Hamer-Banna
1445:Final vowl
651:Approximant
230:Within the
3734:Categories
2953:Kambaataic
2147:(from the
2049:Ethnologue
2031:References
1701:hudan-k-o-
1659:Adjectives
1603:PLURAL-PL
1382:Morphology
1164:ʔi=ʔerak-i
1120:/kuur.ro/
970:sugarcane
378:Pharyngeal
338:Consonants
3609:indicate
3373:Saho–Afar
3176:Maay Maay
3039:Daasanach
2932:Hadiyyaic
2694:Nyangatom
2639:Daatsʼiin
2591:Shekkacho
2388:Daasanach
2254:languages
1583:,police'
1479:ʔamayl-e
1440:Examples
1148:hyena_man
1109:/Kol.le/
1101:‚mother‘
1098:/yaa.ye/
1027:qoot-t-o
1010:‚to dig‘
938:‚donkey‘
686:Allophony
522:Fricative
447:implosive
400:voiceless
395:Affricate
358:Post-alv.
326:Phonology
279:saakanko
268:Pukka’te
184:Glottolog
168:ISO 639-3
3687:Ethiopia
3552:Iraqwoid
3438:Blemmyan
3156:Benadiri
3110:language
3096:Rendille
3056:Somaloid
3026:Arboroid
3017:Omo–Tana
2965:Kambaata
2918:Sidamoid
2897:Highland
2872:Xamtanga
2601:Wolaitta
2481:Bambassi
2453:Xamtanga
2408:Kambaata
2340:Cushitic
2325:Tigrinya
2252:Regional
2243:Tigrinya
2170:: 82–95.
2121:: 17–21.
1687:hudda=pa
1577:Polis-e
1507:ʔapiy-a
1496:‚house‘
1468:‚field‘
1454:English
1451:Gawwada
1386:Source:
1305:'where'
1267:"Three?"
1261:ʔizzah=i
1251:ʔizzah=i
1153:ʔuruur-e
1137:Source:
1112:‚river’
1087:/pa.ko/
978:‚liver'
967:siikk-e
935:Haarr-e
485:ejective
353:Alveolar
330:Source:
304:to fall
208:Ethiopia
191:gaww1239
132:Gollango
118:Dialects
95:Cushitic
59:Ale Zone
49:Ethiopia
3607:Italics
3523:Burunge
3502:Kwʼadza
3327:Dirasha
3295:Konsoid
3266:Eastern
3245:Central
3208:Oromoid
3181:Waqooyi
3166:Harlaad
3161:Caloowe
3125:Dabarre
3073:Girirra
3045:El Molo
3008:Lowland
2939:Hadiyya
2805:Central
2734:English
2561:Koorete
2486:Basketo
2476:Anfillo
2403:Hadiyya
2393:Dirasha
2275:Argobba
2270:Amharic
2228:Amharic
1668:Numbers
1586:SING-F
1566:SING-M
1517:Numerus
1493:Minn-e
1448:Gender
1395:Numerus
1357:koɗ-ti︎
1316:'when'
1294:'what'
1264:three=Q
1021:qott-o
1013:Qoot-a
984:thread
981:Tiir-e
961:Sikk-e
932:‚door‘
929:Harr-e
921:Gaap-a
833:Central
625:Lateral
390:Plosive
383:Glottal
363:Palatal
129:Gergere
3589:Others
3559:Gorowa
3543:Alagwa
3407:Dahalo
3395:Others
3363:Tsamai
3358:Dobase
3345:Dullay
3171:Jiiddu
3151:Ashraf
3144:Others
3034:Arbore
2990:Sidama
2944:Libido
2844:Qimant
2739:Arabic
2669:Majang
2463:Omotic
2448:Tsamai
2443:Somali
2438:Sidamo
2428:Qimant
2418:Libido
2363:Arbore
2315:Siltʼe
2300:Mesqan
2290:Harari
2285:Gurage
2238:Somali
2002:huddan
1970:kollan
1938:setten
1906:tahhan
1778:ʔizzah
1734:huddan
1465:paš-o
1326:'how'
1313:par-a
1302:ʔah-a
1291:moʔ-o
1283:'who'
1254:three=
1218:šaah-i
1170:=send-
1059:quut'
1007:Qot-a
975:Tir-e
915:Gap-a
818:Vowels
373:Uvular
348:Labial
293:House
276:korse
265:paste
135:Gorose
126:Dihina
100:Dullay
55:Region
3685:This
3628:This
3564:Iraqw
3532:North
3455:South
3430:North
3412:Yaaku
3322:Bussa
3306:Konso
3278:Waata
3217:Oromo
3186:Yibir
3135:Tunni
3130:Garre
3118:Digil
3091:Aweer
3068:Baiso
2985:Gedeo
2909:Burji
2867:Bilen
2849:Qwara
2838:Kayla
2826:North
2817:Awngi
2704:Shabo
2699:Opuuo
2684:Mursi
2679:Murle
2674:Meʼen
2664:Kwegu
2659:Kwama
2644:Gumuz
2634:Berta
2629:Anuak
2606:Yemsa
2596:Sheko
2566:Maale
2531:Gayil
2526:Ganza
2516:Dorze
2501:Chara
2491:Bench
2423:Oromo
2413:Konso
2398:Gedeo
2383:Burji
2378:Bussa
2373:Baiso
2368:Awngi
2353:Alaba
2320:Soddo
2305:Muher
2280:Geʽez
2233:Oromo
2160:(PDF)
2022:dippa
1874:tappi
1842:hupin
1810:salah
1746:lakki
1714:toʔon
1684:+10 (
1625:Verbs
1390:Nouns
1349:what-
1346:moʔ-o
1323:mala
1280:yaha
1207:mul-o
1156:wind-
1117:CVVC
1053:qut’
881:a aː
869:o oː
864:e eː
854:u uː
849:i iː
845:Close
828:Front
568:Nasal
368:Velar
301:Ran-
298:Po’-
290:mano
287:koto
282:Meat
271:Head
138:Harso
3691:stub
3634:stub
3596:Maʼa
3512:West
3486:East
3478:Rift
3443:Beja
3402:Boon
3386:Saho
3381:Afar
3257:Orma
2889:East
2860:East
2714:Uduk
2709:Suri
2689:Nuer
2654:Komo
2586:Seze
2581:Oyda
2576:Nayi
2571:Melo
2556:Karo
2551:Kafa
2541:Hozo
2511:Dizi
2506:Dime
2496:Boro
2471:Aari
2433:Saho
2348:Afar
2295:Inor
2223:Afar
2068:(ms)
1698:10 (
1420:Noun
1333:meʔ
1221:dry-
1210:all-
1191:help
1168:INDV
1145:Puta
1106:CVC
1095:CVV
875:Open
838:Back
813:etc.
3495:Asa
3353:Ale
2358:Ale
2330:Zay
2046:at
2044:Ale
2017:100
1580:PL
1501:-a
1490:PL
1487:-e
1473:-e
1459:-o
1366:2SG
1362:PFV
1360:do-
1223:PFV
1172:PFV
1084:CV
1046:uu
1000:oo
954:ii
908:aa
860:Mid
599:Tap
501:tʃʼ
200:Ale
175:gwd
105:Ale
40:Ale
3736::
2166:.
2162:.
2107:^
2073:^
2007:20
1997:10
1985:90
1975:19
1953:80
1943:18
1921:70
1911:17
1889:60
1879:16
1857:50
1847:15
1825:40
1815:14
1793:30
1783:13
1761:20
1751:12
1729:10
1719:11
1704:)
1696:×
1690:)
1504:M
1476:F
1462:M
1227:3M
1193:);
1176:3M
1041:u
995:o
949:i
903:a
508:kʼ
494:tʼ
214:.
61:,
3722:e
3715:t
3708:v
3697:.
3665:e
3658:t
3651:v
3640:.
3108:/
2789:e
2782:t
2775:v
2201:e
2194:t
2187:v
2168:2
2151:)
2101:.
1965:9
1933:8
1901:7
1869:6
1837:5
1805:4
1773:3
1741:2
1709:1
1364:.
1351:M
1256:Q
1231:Q
1229:-
1225:.
1212:M
1174:.
1158:F
666:j
657:w
633:l
607:ɾ
581:n
574:m
560:h
553:ʕ
542:ʃ
535:s
528:f
470:ɠ
461:ɗ
454:ɓ
438:ʔ
429:q
422:k
413:t
406:p
392:/
360:/
34:.
20:)
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