612:(1919–1924). The experience was not successful because the Alliance became a prisoner of the right which constituted the bulk of the parliamentary majority, thus the failure of Aristide Briand cabinet (1921–1922) convinced its leaders to find practical ways to realize the doctrine of the just-middle despite the fact that one of its members, Raymond Poincaré, occupied the post of President of the Council between 1922 and 1924.
36:
690:
Since then, the
Alliance struggled to maintain a centrist position in a Republic no longer managed by the centre. It became on the contrary a party which showed the different opinions chosen by the men from the Republican and parliamentary rights to address the social and political crises of the
653:
Flandin's leadership marked the end of the
Alliance's overtures to the Radicals. However, the Alliance was torn on the doctrinal front. Common ground on the base of the defense of institutions, the middle class and the rejection of the extremes disintegrated due to divergent views adopted by the
571:
Meanwhile, the
Alliance was transformed into a real party in 1911 by becoming the Republican Democratic Party (PRD). This strengthening of its structures was accompanied by an increase in its number of parliamentarians (from 39 MPs in 1902 to 125 1910 and fifty senators in 1910) and that of its
707:
which said that each party would evolve further to the left or right due to the development of new political movements. Thus, even if the leaders of the
Alliance saw the party as the incarnation of the centre-left in the wake of the parliamentary group formed by Léon Say (1871–1896), the party
853:
Its initial recruitment is that of the
Parisian elite (including scientists) and the provincial notables. Even if the party's principal leaders were often related to business, the majority of its elected officials opposed the wishes of businessmen, in particular on social policies.
493:
parties deputies usually vote in agreement with the party's consensus), turned at that time in little more than an intellectual circle whose members met during suppers. However, it was dissolved in only 1978, long after its effective disappearance from the political scene.
631:. Nevertheless, the Alliance could not get the Radicals to rally around a centrist party, the opposition crystallizing around the issue of secularism, the intervention of the state or in terms of foreign policy (contrast between Aristide Briand and Raymond Poincaré).
556:, the Alliance sought to establish in 1907 a democratic bloc with the right which demonstrated its willingness to reinstate the discredited right to power in France. Between 1912 and 1914, the ARD supported the right-wing governments which included
615:
The
Alliance focused its political doctrine in line with that which prevailed when it was created, even though the generation of pre-war faded (Adolphe Carnot, Charles Pallu de la Barrière and so forth) and that a new generation took over, such as
650:. Until then a grouping more than a party, the Alliance became a party which established a hierarchy and became more centralized. The party expanded its regional structures and increased the number of member to about 20,000 in 1936.
686:
and the hawkish minority (Reynaud) opposing the
Agreement . More profoundly, this division also reflected the significant oppositions within the party concerning the reform of the state and institutions between 1933 and 1934.
507:
right-wing politicians took some time to accept the label 'right-wing', as republicanism was traditionally associated with the left-wing and the right-wing traditionally meant some form of monarchism: see
607:
At the end of the war, the
Alliance promoted new goals developed during its creation, namely that of creating a concentration of the centers. With its 140 MPs, it organized and led in this direction the
546:
743:). Like the Radical-Socialist Party, the Alliance adhered to the Republic and what constituted the Republic, that is the law of separation of church and state in 1905 or the quest for truth in the
568:. During the same period, the Alliance operated a shift to the right on the political spectrum and ended the policy of mutual withdrawals with the Radical-Socialists in electoral runoffs.
1162:
1081:
824:. At the instigation of the latter, the Democratic Republican Alliance was founded on 23 October 1901 by engineer Adolphe Carnot (brother of former French President
783:
482:
53:
1167:
218:
1132:
472:
233:
1137:
572:
supporters (around 30,000 at the beginning of the 1910s). Several leaders of the ARD in 1914 tried to form with
Aristide Briand and the moderate left a
1122:
1117:
1147:
1127:
100:
828:), the deputies Henry Blanc, Edmond Halphen and publicist Charles Pallu de la Barrière. The Alliance built strong support networks with the
72:
782:). The theme of gradual reform was seen by the Alliance as the antidote to the opponents of the Republic, that is the collectivists (the
422:
right-wing coalition which won the elections after the end of the war. The ARD successively took the name "Democratic
Republican Party" (
925:
383:
371:
324:
537:, even if it tried to stand out by 1902. However, it supported the policy of the bloc until 1907, when the presidency was entrusted to
1142:
79:
976:
729:
119:
1172:
1157:
395:
222:
579:
Undoubtedly, the Alliance weighed heavily on national policy as shown by the presence of its members in high cabinet positions (
541:(1902–1905), who imposed for the first time the left-right divide. The Alliance demonstrated its difference from the right (the
86:
930:
779:
382:, who would be president of the Council in the 1920s. The party was originally formed as a centre-left gathering of moderate
57:
830:
654:
personalities of the Alliance, namely those of Pierre-Étienne Flandin around the group of Republicans of the Left, those of
68:
825:
725:
241:
1152:
1000:
639:
462:
446:
295:
172:
699:
The Democratic Alliance was a centre-right party which occupied between 1901 and 1940 a central position on the
818:
767:
659:
643:
821:
627:
The party became the backbone of government including the Radical-Socialist Party following the fall of the
620:
its new president in 1920. Known as the PRDS, the Alliance professed its willingness to co-operate with the
573:
391:
250:
156:
93:
46:
940:
787:
736:
679:
621:
609:
486:
419:
290:
254:
966:
740:
647:
542:
415:
280:
968:
Provinz zwischen Reich und Republik: Politische Mentalitäten in Deutschland und Frankreich 1918-1933/36
754:
Its political culture was resolutely centrist, incorporating values of both left (the reference to the
682:, the division of the party was sensitive by 1938 between a pacifist majority (Flandin) supporting the
1050:
Read, Geoff (2014). "Was there a Fascist Femininity? Gender and French Fascism in Political Context".
747:. Unlike the Rad-Soc doctrine, it aspired to unite all Republicans and to impose the right and left a
935:
798:
Its creation reflects the will to oppose the polarization due to the progressive division during the
748:
450:
387:
246:
1035:; Rosemonde Sanson (2005). "Le centrisme en France au XIXe et XXe siècles : un échec ?".
596:
588:
584:
557:
379:
329:
164:
700:
628:
319:
275:
803:
394:(Gambetta and the like), situated at the political centre and to the right of the newly formed
972:
759:
755:
704:
671:
458:
17:
1032:
843:
683:
678:
government where Alliance members ranged from moderate support of the laws of the left-wing
667:
534:
530:
375:
168:
642:
took the chair of the Alliance in 1933 with the aim to reorganize the party in a way which
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
617:
561:
345:
160:
814:
580:
538:
497:
Under the Third Republic, the majority of the AD's deputies sat in the Left Republicans (
802:
and impose a three-party system leading to the Republic of the just-middle theorized by
1014:
810:
799:
744:
549:. Above all, the ARD encouraged political circles including Alliancists and Radicals.
503:) group, the main centre-right parliamentary formation (due to a particularity called
1111:
751:, that of the combination of centers around the phrase "no reaction nor revolution".
655:
592:
565:
454:
267:
735:
By its values and behaviors, the AD opposed the socialist left, but also the right (
262:
835:
663:
442:
438:
411:
309:
151:
708:
shifted to the right in Parliament due to two factors, namely the downfall of the
675:
513:
489:(PCF), never became a mass political party founded on voting discipline (in these
945:
847:
839:
713:
504:
407:
399:
35:
1083:
Sitting on the Left: French Political Identities in the Long Nineteenth Century
1065:
Irvine, William D. (1997). "Domestic Politics and the Fall of France in 1940".
771:
709:
509:
403:
258:
763:
721:
717:
553:
490:
775:
453:. The centre-right party tried to reform itself under the direction of
1019:
From Liberalism to Fascism: The Right in a French Province, 1928-1939
838:), the League of Education and former political networks around
703:
and this despite the iron rule of French politics developed by
552:
Faced with the disintegration of the bloc and the emergence of
390:
who rejected the new left-leaning Radical-Socialist Party, and
809:
The ARD was created by the progressives who supported Captain
29:
1102:
L'Alliance républicaine démocratique, une formation de centre
997:
Catholicism, Politics and Society in Twentieth-Century France
428:, PRD), and then "Social and Republican Democratic Party" (
599:
as Presidents of the council as well as many ministries).
437:
The ARD was largely discredited after supporting the
445:, an option strongly supported by its major leader
302:
286:
274:
240:
228:
214:
196:
178:
150:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:Centre-right political party in France (1901–1949)
1104:. Presses universitaires de Rennes, coll. Carnot.
1163:Political parties of the French Third Republic
724:) as well as new centrist parties such as the
674:. These divergences were apparent during the
8:
784:French Section of the Workers' International
498:
483:French Section of the Workers' International
476:
473:National Center of Independents and Peasants
466:
429:
423:
361:
140:
478:Centre national des indépendants et paysans
990:
988:
896:Democratic, Republican, and Social Party (
481:, CNIP). The AD, which in contrast to the
131:
1037:Le centrisme dans l'Alliance démocratique
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
902:Parti RĂ©publicain DĂ©mocratique et Social
431:Parti RĂ©publicain DĂ©mocratique et Social
957:
468:Rassemblement des gauches républicaines
402:and the parliamentary disappearance of
1168:Political parties established in 1901
7:
716:right and the rise of the new left (
646:had done ten years earlier with the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1133:Defunct political parties in France
926:Liberalism and radicalism in France
971:. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 125.
891:Alliance RĂ©publicaine DĂ©mocratique
869:Alliance RĂ©publicaine DĂ©mocratique
591:as Presidents of the Republic and
363:Alliance républicaine démocratique
25:
1138:Defunct liberal political parties
1052:The French Right between the Wars
434:), before becoming again the AD.
885:Democratic Republican Alliance (
863:Democratic Republican Alliance (
374:created in 1901 by followers of
69:"Democratic Republican Alliance"
34:
931:France in the twentieth century
813:and opposed those who followed
545:and the ALP) by supporting the
471:, RGR) before merging into the
234:National Centre of Independents
45:needs additional citations for
1123:Centre-right parties in Europe
880:Parti RĂ©publicain DĂ©mocratique
425:Parti RĂ©publicain DĂ©mocratique
358:Democratic Republican Alliance
18:Alliance DĂ©mocratique (France)
1:
1118:1901 establishments in France
874:Republican Democratic Party (
1148:Liberal conservative parties
1128:Conservative liberal parties
726:League of the Young Republic
461:. It temporarily joined the
457:, who had taken part in the
831:Ligue des droits de l'homme
410:it quickly became the main
1189:
1001:Liverpool University Press
529:In 1901, it supported the
449:and other members such as
1143:Liberal parties in France
1100:Rosemonde Samson (2003).
1067:The French Defeat of 1940
463:Rally of Republican Lefts
315:
1054:. Berghahn. p. 129.
965:Kittel, Manfred (2009).
819:President of the Council
730:Popular Democratic Party
660:Independents of the Left
1173:Opportunist Republicans
1158:Republicanism in France
1069:. Berghahn. p. 90.
822:Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
622:Radical-Socialist Party
574:Federation of the Lefts
396:Radical-Socialist Party
392:Opportunist Republicans
276:Political position
251:Conservative liberalism
223:Progressive Republicans
184:; 122 years ago
157:Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau
941:Radical Party (France)
912:
901:
890:
879:
868:
788:French Communist Party
737:Popular Liberal Action
640:Pierre-Étienne Flandin
499:
487:French Communist Party
477:
467:
447:Pierre-Étienne Flandin
430:
424:
372:French political party
362:
349:
202:; 75 years ago
173:Pierre-Étienne Flandin
141:
995:Kay Chadwick (2000).
913:Alliance DĂ©mocratique
907:Democratic Alliance (
817:in opposition to the
741:Republican Federation
648:Republican Federation
543:Republican Federation
500:RĂ©publicain de Gauche
418:. It was part of the
356:), originally called
350:Alliance démocratique
142:Alliance démocratique
936:Independent Radicals
388:independent Radicals
287:National affiliation
247:Liberal conservatism
219:Moderate Republicans
182:21 October 1901
54:improve this article
1080:Andrew Pfannkuche.
766:agenda) and right (
342:Democratic Alliance
200:6 January 1949
137:Democratic Alliance
1153:Republican parties
1039:. pp. 93–104.
904:, PRDS); 1920–1926
774:and opposition to
701:political spectrum
629:Cartel des Gauches
603:Government partner
320:Politics of France
893:, ARD): 1917–1920
882:, PRD): 1911–1917
871:, ARD): 1901–1911
770:, the defense of
758:, the defense of
756:French Revolution
672:Republican Centre
451:Joseph Barthélemy
398:. However, after
338:
337:
325:Political parties
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1180:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1033:Sylvie Guillaume
1029:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
1004:
992:
983:
982:
962:
915:, AD); 1926–1949
684:Munich Agreement
597:Raymond Poincaré
589:Raymond Poincaré
585:Armand Fallières
558:Raymond Poincaré
535:Waldeck-Rousseau
531:Bloc des gauches
502:
480:
470:
433:
427:
380:Raymond Poincaré
365:
308:
236:
229:Merged into
210:
208:
203:
192:
190:
185:
165:Raymond Poincaré
144:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1013:
1012:
1008:
994:
993:
986:
979:
964:
963:
959:
954:
922:
860:
804:François Guizot
796:
697:
637:
618:Charles Jonnart
605:
562:Aristide Briand
527:
522:
334:
306:
294:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
232:
221:
206:
204:
201:
188:
186:
183:
171:
167:
163:
161:Alexandre Ribot
159:
146:
145:
138:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1024:
1015:Kevin Passmore
1006:
984:
977:
956:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
921:
918:
917:
916:
905:
894:
883:
872:
859:
856:
811:Alfred Dreyfus
800:Dreyfus affair
795:
794:Party platform
792:
745:Dreyfus affair
739:and later the
696:
693:
636:
633:
604:
601:
526:
523:
521:
518:
485:(SFIO) or the
416:Third Republic
336:
335:
333:
332:
327:
322:
316:
313:
312:
304:
300:
299:
288:
284:
283:
278:
272:
271:
244:
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
216:
215:Merger of
212:
211:
198:
194:
193:
180:
176:
175:
154:
148:
147:
139:
136:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1086:. p. 52.
1085:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:. p. 15.
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1003:. p. 60.
1002:
998:
991:
989:
985:
980:
978:9783486596106
974:
970:
969:
961:
958:
951:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
919:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
866:
862:
861:
857:
855:
851:
849:
845:
844:LĂ©on Gambetta
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:law and order
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
702:
694:
692:
688:
685:
681:
680:Popular Front
677:
673:
669:
668:André Tardieu
665:
662:and those of
661:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
634:
632:
630:
625:
623:
619:
613:
611:
610:National Bloc
602:
600:
598:
594:
593:Louis Barthou
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
569:
567:
566:Louis Barthou
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
519:
517:
515:
511:
506:
501:
495:
492:
488:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
460:
456:
455:Joseph Laniel
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
432:
426:
421:
420:National Bloc
417:
414:party of the
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:LĂ©on Gambetta
373:
369:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
305:
301:
297:
292:
291:National Bloc
289:
285:
282:
279:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:Laissez-faire
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
199:
195:
181:
177:
174:
170:
169:André Tardieu
166:
162:
158:
155:
153:
149:
143:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1101:
1095:Bibliography
1082:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
996:
967:
960:
852:
836:Paul Stapfer
829:
815:Jules MĂ©line
808:
797:
780:collectivism
753:
734:
698:
689:
664:Paul Reynaud
652:
638:
626:
614:
606:
581:Émile Loubet
578:
570:
551:
539:Émile Combes
528:
496:
443:World War II
439:Vichy regime
436:
412:centre-right
408:Bonapartists
367:
357:
353:
341:
339:
281:Centre-right
266:
255:Conservatism
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
946:Sinistrisme
840:Jules Ferry
834:(including
826:Sadi Carnot
714:Bonapartist
705:René Rémond
670:around the
658:around the
644:Louis Marin
525:Early years
505:sinistrisme
404:monarchists
400:World War I
298:(1946–1949)
293:(1919–1924)
1112:Categories
952:References
772:liberalism
720:and later
710:monarchist
691:thirties.
656:René Besse
510:Legitimist
459:Resistance
259:Liberalism
207:1949-01-06
189:1901-10-21
80:newspapers
764:reformist
749:third way
722:communism
718:socialism
676:LĂ©on Blum
554:socialism
514:Orléanist
491:left-wing
370:), was a
330:Elections
197:Dissolved
110:June 2009
1017:(2002).
920:See also
848:LĂ©on Say
786:and the
728:and the
695:Doctrine
547:1905 law
384:liberals
378:such as
242:Ideology
776:statism
760:freedom
635:Decline
533:around
520:History
441:during
303:Colours
263:Laicism
205: (
187: (
179:Founded
94:scholar
975:
909:French
898:French
887:French
876:French
865:French
762:and a
346:French
307:
152:Leader
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
858:Names
101:JSTOR
87:books
973:ISBN
846:and
778:and
712:and
666:and
595:and
587:and
564:and
512:and
406:and
340:The
310:Gold
73:news
732:).
516:).
368:ARD
296:RGR
56:by
1114::
999:.
987:^
911::
900::
889::
878::
867::
850:.
842:,
806:.
790:)
624:.
583:,
576:.
560:,
386:,
366:,
354:AD
352:,
348::
981:.
475:(
465:(
360:(
344:(
209:)
191:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
