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513:... Worst of all, there came a rival female evangelist from New Jersey, a resolute woman with the mien of an inspired laundress — the Reverend "Bishop" Mrs. Mollie Alma White, founder and primate of the Pillar of Fire Church. Bishop White, who has thousands of disciples ("Holy Jumpers") in the British Isles, clearly regarded Mrs. McPherson as a poacher upon her preserves or worse. Squired by two male Deacons, the Reverend Bishop sat herself down in a box at
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525:... have drawn multitudes from the orthodox faith, and blasted their hopes of heaven! ... A person who is thus in the grip of Satanic power is unable to extricate himself ... left in utter spiritual desolation." Well might buxom Aimee McPherson have quailed as she faced 2,000 tepid Britons, over 8,000 empty seats, the two Deacons and "Bishop" Mrs. White.
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Her church became known as the Pillar of Fire. Widowed, Mrs. White started a pious, shouting, camp-meeting community in New Jersey, named it
Zarephath after the place where the 'widow woman' sustained Elijah. Alma White was soon acting like a bishop toward her flock Pillar of Fire consecrated her as
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Fundamentalist ecstasy and hallelujah-shouting were a vital part of masterful, deep-voiced Alma White's faith. On it she built a sect called Pillar of Fire — with 4,000 followers, 61 churches, seven schools, ten periodicals and two broadcasting stations. Last week, as it must even to 'the only woman
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NĂ©e Mollie Alma
Bridwell. American religious leader who was a founder and major moving force in the evangelical Methodist Pentecostal Union Church, which split from mainstream Methodism in the early 20th century. Alma Bridwell grew up in a dour family of little means. She studied at the Millersburg
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White's association with the Klan waned in the early 1930s, after the Klan underwent public scandals related to high-level officials and efforts by the media to publicize its members' identities. Still, she continued to promote her ideology of intolerance for religious and racial minorities. She
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While Godbey's obituary published by the
Kentucky Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, following his death said "He was neither a pastor nor a presiding elder", Godbey was appointed presiding elder of the Barboursville District in 1873, and the London Mission District from 1874 to
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The
Assembly Hall was filled in the evening, with about 100 klanswomen and a few klansmen in robes. The first speaker of the evening was Bishop White. She gave a fiery message on the topic of race and social equality....She expressed hope that the Klan would do its part in keeping the blood of
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that was unique for a religious denomination. She assessed the Klan as a powerful force that could help liberate white
Protestant women, while simultaneously keeping minorities in their place. Her support of the Klan was extensive. She allowed and sometimes participated in Klan meetings and
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As a feminist, White was a forceful advocate of equality for white
Protestant women. However, she was also uncompromising in her persistent and powerful attacks on religious and racial minorities, justifying both equality for white Protestant women and inequality for minorities as biblically
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Bishop White's transformation from minister to Klan propagandist is detailed in voluminous autobiographical and political writing. White's anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic, and racist message fit well into the Klan's efforts to convince white
Protestant women that their collective interests as
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This is white man's country by every law of God and man, and was so determined from the beginning of
Creation. Let us not therefore surrender our heritage to the sons of Ham. Perhaps it would be well for white people to take the advice of a great American patriot, Dr.
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Social and political equality would plunge the world into an
Inferno as black as the regions of night and as far from the teachings of the New Testament as heaven is from hell. The presumption of the colored people under such conditions would know no bounds ...
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such in 1918. built 49 churches, three colleges. She edits six magazines, travels continually between
Zarephath and the West. ... She has two radio stations, WAWZ at Zarephath, KPOF in Denver, where her Alma Temple is also a thriving concern. ...
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in a Kentucky schoolhouse revival meeting in 1878. She wrote that "some were so convicted that they left the room and threw up their suppers, and staggered back into the house as pale as death." By 1880, the family was living in
316:, in December 1901. She led hymns and prayers, and at times preached sermons. In 1907, Caroline Garretson (formerly Carolin Van Neste Field), widow of Peter Workman Garretson, donated a farm for a religious community at
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published revised versions of her three Klan books in 1943, three years before her death and 22 years after her initial public association with the Klan. The books were published as a three-volume set under the name
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Bishop Alma White, founder of the Pillar of Fire Church and author of thirty-five religious tracts and some 200 hymns, died here today at the headquarters of the religious group at near-by Zarephath. Her age was
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Kristin E. Kandt; "Historical Essay: In the Name of God; An American Story of Feminism, Racism, and Religious Intolerance: The Story of Alma Bridwell White", 8 Am. U.J. Gender, Soc. Pol'y & L 753 (2000)
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Alma White and the Pillar of Fire were unique, however, in their public alliance with the Ku Klux Klan. In fact, the Pillar of Fire was the only religious group to publicly associate itself with the Klan.
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was removed from the title, reflecting the Klan's diminished status, while White continued to promote the dogma that had initially drawn her into partnership with the Klan. Volumes Two and Three of
562:(the letters standing for Alma White, Zarephath). In its initial broadcast, she told listeners, "The station belongs to all regardless of your affiliation." In 1961, Pillar of Fire also started
243:, and hostility to immigrants. By the time of her death at age 84, she had expanded the sect to "4,000 followers, 61 churches, seven schools, ten periodicals and two broadcasting stations."
517:, with an air of purposing to break up the revival. The dread potency of Bishop White, when aroused against another female, may be judged from her scathing criticisms of the Church of
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Alma White moved to Zarephath, New Jersey, in 1907, where a donation of land made ... She founded Alma White College (since renamed Zarephath Bible College) ...
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Where people seek for social equality between the black and white races, they violate the edicts of the Holy Writ and every social and moral code ...
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1292:(2000). "Historical Essay: In the Name of God; An American Story of Feminism, Racism, and Religious Intolerance: The Story of Alma Bridwell White".
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292:'s Methodist seminary. On December 21, 1887, she married Kent White (1860–1940), who at the time was a Methodist seminarian. They had two sons,
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White's words and Clarke's imagery combined in various ways to create a persuasive and powerful message of religious intolerance.
1002:"Who are members of the Invisible Empire? White, gentile, American-born Protestants (the very best citizens of the United States)
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259:, Kentucky, to William Moncure Bridwell of Virginia and Mary Ann Harrison of Kentucky. She was the seventh of eleven children.
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After 1868, Godbey served several Methodist charges as pastor, was appointed twice as a presiding elder on the Kentucky ...
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She studied at the Millersburg Female College in Millersburg. An aunt invited one of the seven Bridwell sisters to visit
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1097:"Bishop Alma White, Preacher, Author; Founder Of Pillar Of Fire Dies at 84. Established Several Schools And Colleges"
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and the station was broadcasting regular sermons from Alma Temple, the Pillar's Denver Church. In March 1931,
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Lynn S. Neal; "Christianizing the Klan: Alma White, Branford Clarke, and the Art of Religious Intolerance",
223:. In 1918, she became the first woman bishop of Pillar of Fire in the United States. She was a proponent of
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1520:(2009). "Christianizing the Klan: Alma White, Branford Clarke, and the Art of Religious Intolerance".
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327:, which distanced itself from the Pentecostal movement. In 1918, White was consecrated as a bishop by
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Alison Green; "Heavenly Dynamite:" Bishop Alma Bridwell White, Women's Rights, and Anti-Catholicism.
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Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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First woman to become a bishop in the United States. Feminist, noted supporter of the Ku Klux Klan.
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La cruzada por MĂ©xico : los catĂłlicos de Estados Unidos y la cuestiĂłn religiosa en MĂ©xico
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1223:(in Spanish). Internet Archive. Mexico City: MĂ©xico, D.F. : Tusquets. pp. 76, 219.
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1862 Birth of Alma White as "Mollie Alma Bridwell" in Kinniconick, Kentucky, on June 16.
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Alma White, the Pillar of Fire, and their association with the Klan are dramatized in
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most vocally when speaking at Klan gatherings. On "Patriotic Day" at the 1929 annual
1988:
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Alma White's Evangelism Press Reports, compiled by C. R. Paige and C.K. Ingler (1939)
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mandated. While the vast majority of her most vicious political attacks targeted the
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bishop in the world,' Death came to the Pillar of Fire's 84-year-old founder.
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219:(June 16, 1862 – June 26, 1946) was the founder and a bishop of the
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335:. She was now the first woman to serve as a bishop in the United States.
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947:"The Jews are as unrelenting now as they were two thousand years ago."
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Bound Brook, N.J. : The Pentecostal Union (Pillar of fire) 1911
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Zarephath, N.J. : The Pentecostal Union, Pillar of Fire (1915)
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Zarephath, N.J. : The Pentecostal Union, Pillar of Fire (1913)
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1882 Moved to Bannack, Montana Territory, where she taught school.
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on some of the numerous Pillar of Fire properties. She published
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William Baxter Godbey: Itinerant Apostle of the Holiness Movement
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William Baxter Godbey: Itinerant Apostle of the Holiness Movement
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1901 Methodist Pentecostal Union Church in Denver in December.
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Klan gathering on August 31, 1929, in front of Assembly Hall,
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In 1927, a transmitter and radio equipment were installed at
288:. She stayed to teach, first in public school, and later in
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1918 First woman ordained as a bishop in the United States.
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1917 Name of church officially changed to "Pillar of Fire".
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People from Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
331:, an ordained Methodist evangelist who was active in the
1862:
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This was developed as the headquarters for the renamed
1872:
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General Superintendent of Pillar of Fire International
546:. By June 1929, the call letters had been changed to
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Under White's leadership in the 1920s and 1930s, the
1522:
Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture
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363:developed a close and public partnership with the
1747:Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s
692:1909 Separates from husband after he converts to
1768:Feminist Pillar of Fire: The Life of Alma White
1444:(Kentucky) Female College and in 1882 moved ...
803:Bound Brook, N.J., The Pentecostal union (1910)
1564:women....were best served by joining the Klan.
1294:Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
753:Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
718:Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
566:in Cincinnati. The AKW represents the name of
558:for $ 5,000. The call letters were changed to
1918:
8:
842:The Titanic Tragedy: God Speaking to Nations
709:, property and opens Westminster University.
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1911:
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600:, in a chapter titled "The Good Citizen".
308:Alma and Kent White started the Methodist
40:
29:
2020:20th-century American non-fiction writers
1602:"Patriotic Day at Zarephath Camp-Meeting"
356:, and intolerance of certain immigrants.
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761:radio station in Zarephath, New Jersey.
227:. She also associated herself with the
153: 1887; died 1940)
1434:from the original on 30 September 2007
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542:, to promote the college based in the
2010:19th-century American women educators
1842:Works by or about Alma Bridwell White
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1656:"America---the White Man's Heritage"
1631:"America---the White Man's Heritage"
1456:1876. See Barry W. Hamilton (2000).
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1210:
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795:Denver: The Pentecostal Union (1902)
771:1946 Death of Alma White on June 27.
506:magazine wrote on October 22, 1928:
180:William Moncure Bridwell (1825–1907)
27:Founder of the Pillar of Fire Church
2080:Founders of new religious movements
2075:Far-right politics and Christianity
2025:20th-century American women writers
1147:. December 18, 1939. Archived from
339:Feminism, intolerance, and the Klan
2115:People from Lewis County, Kentucky
2060:American women non-fiction writers
1765:Stanley, Susie Cunningham (1993).
1750:. University of California Press.
1686:. October 22, 1928. Archived from
1551:. University of California Press.
521:: "The teachings of the so-called
493:'s second general superintendent.
265:converted her at the age of 16 to
25:
2120:People from Millersburg, Kentucky
726:founded in Zarephath, New Jersey.
411:, for "Patriotic Day" during the
1795:You Have Stept Out of Your Place
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1033:
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658:1902 Ordained an Elder in March.
2155:University and college founders
1933:General Superintendents of the
1798:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1600:Lawrence, L.S. (October 1929).
733:, which is in print until 1970.
150:
2070:Critics of the Catholic Church
1714:Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism
1256:. July 8, 1946. Archived from
901:Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty
749:1930 US Census with Alma White
714:1920 US Census with Alma White
685:1907 Creation of community at
650:1900 US Census with Alma White
626:1880 US Census with Alma White
615:1870 US Census with Alma White
578:She died on June 26, 1946, in
387:Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty
1:
1588:I believe in white supremacy.
672:
178:Mary Ann Harrison (1832–1921)
2125:Pillar of Fire International
2005:19th-century American people
1833:Works by Alma Bridwell White
1792:Lindley, Susan Hill (1996).
638:1887 Marriage to Kent White.
381:The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy
2130:Schoolteachers from Montana
2055:American white supremacists
1975:Joseph Gross (2008-present)
1717:. Baylor University Press.
1654:White, Alma (August 1929).
1629:White, Alma (August 1929).
966:With God in the Yellowstone
869:(1919–1930) in five volumes
835:Truth Stranger Than Fiction
764:1932 Church established in
641:1896 Church established in
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2050:American religious writers
2045:American religious leaders
1868:Zarephath Christian Church
1744:Blee, Kathleen M. (2008).
1069:Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey
1057:Alma White at various ages
953:The Voice of Nature (1927)
950:Musings of the Past (1927)
830:(1911–1912) in two volumes
680:Methodist Episcopal Church
554:was sold to White and the
463:would be with him in this.
2065:Christian fundamentalists
1941:
1579:Heroes of the Fiery Cross
1462:(Edwin Mellen Press):45.
938:Heroes of the Fiery Cross
393:Heroes of the Fiery Cross
210:
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63:
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39:
2145:American anti-communists
2135:Schoolteachers from Utah
2090:Methodists from Kentucky
1970:Robert Barney Dallenbach
1345:Roberts Wesleyan College
1200:Alma White College 1917.
876:Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy
861:. The Pentecostal Union.
827:The New Testament Church
792:Looking Back from Beulah
663:Pentecostal Union Herald
523:Christian Science Church
2095:Methodists from Montana
2030:20th-century Methodists
2015:19th-century Methodists
1428:Encyclopædia Britannica
1341:"William Baxter Godbey"
1250:"Fundamentalist Pillar"
1217:Meyer, Jean A. (2014).
984:The Sword of the Spirit
594:'s 2012 murder mystery
415:'s annual Camp Meeting.
239:, anti-Pentecostalism,
956:Hymns and Poems (1931)
619:Lewis County, Kentucky
527:
511:Aimee Semple McPherson
485:have introductions by
465:
416:
194:Kathleen Merrell White
113:Lewis County, Kentucky
2040:American pamphleteers
1964:Donald Justin Wolfram
1958:Arlene White Lawrence
1935:Pillar of Fire Church
1771:. The Pilgrim Press.
1666:Pillar of Fire Church
1641:Pillar of Fire Church
1612:Pillar of Fire Church
1424:"Alma Bridwell White"
1401:Millersburg, Kentucky
1380:Pillar of Fire Church
1322:Millersburg, Kentucky
1180:Famous American women
998:Pillar of Fire Church
974:"Gems of Life" (1935)
858:Restoration of Israel
848:Why I Do Not Eat Meat
819:My Trip to the Orient
742:Westminster, Colorado
707:Westminster, Colorado
687:Zarephath, New Jersey
630:Millersburg, Kentucky
580:Zarephath, New Jersey
556:Pillar of Fire Church
540:Westminster, Colorado
508:
441:
433:Zarephath, New Jersey
413:Pillar of Fire Church
409:Zarephath, New Jersey
406:
361:Pillar of Fire Church
346:Roman Catholic Church
329:William Baxter Godbey
325:Pillar of Fire Church
318:Zarephath, New Jersey
275:Millersburg, Kentucky
263:William Baxter Godbey
255:on June 16, 1862, in
247:Birth and early years
221:Pillar of Fire Church
189:Arlene White Lawrence
129:Zarephath, New Jersey
46:White circa 1900–1910
2100:Methodists from Utah
1690:on 30 September 2007
1576:White, Alma (1928).
1375:The Story of My Life
1260:on 30 September 2007
993:Guardians of Liberty
959:Short Sermons (1932)
867:The Story of My Life
482:Guardians of Liberty
471:Guardians of Liberty
419:White expressed her
348:, she also promoted
253:Mollie Alma Bridwell
231:and was involved in
100:Mollie Alma Bridwell
1946:Alma Bridwell White
1372:Alma White (1919).
1174:Robert Dale McHenry
1028:, November 25, 1914
990:Alma White (1943).
963:Alma White (1933).
935:Alma White (1928).
926:Musings of the Past
923:Alma White (1927).
898:Alma White (1926).
873:Alma White (1925).
855:Alma White (1917).
457:Fifteenth Amendment
217:Alma Bridwell White
34:Alma Bridwell White
2035:American feminists
1892:2016-09-19 at the
1856:2006-05-13 at the
1851:The Tongues Heresy
1491:Edwin Mellen Press
1102:The New York Times
978:Demons and Tongues
800:Demons and Tongues
776:Ray Bridwell White
766:Morrison, Colorado
724:Alma White College
586:In popular culture
544:Westminster Castle
489:, her son and the
475:Notably, the word
453:Hiram Wesley Evans
417:
294:Ray Bridwell White
165:Ray Bridwell White
2150:Radio evangelists
2105:Methodist writers
1982:
1981:
1952:Arthur Kent White
1837:Project Gutenberg
1805:978-0-664-25799-6
1757:978-0-520-25787-0
1558:978-0-520-07876-5
1548:Women of the Klan
1481:Barry W. Hamilton
1337:Barry W. Hamilton
1230:978-970-699-189-8
1184:. Dover. p.
1151:on 23 August 2007
1141:"Bishop v. Drink"
969:. Pillar of Fire.
929:. Pillar of fire.
813:Arthur Kent White
740:radio station in
568:Arthur Kent White
536:Belleview College
487:Arthur Kent White
425:African Americans
333:Holiness Movement
298:Arthur Kent White
282:Montana Territory
214:
213:
169:Arthur Kent White
81:Arthur Kent White
16:(Redirected from
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1846:Internet Archive
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1607:The Good Citizen
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643:Denver, Colorado
461:The Good Citizen
459:. The editor of
437:The Good Citizen
398:The Good Citizen
375:The Good Citizen
314:Denver, Colorado
312:Union Church in
286:Bannack, Montana
233:anti-Catholicism
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91:Personal details
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1894:Wayback Machine
1858:Wayback Machine
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1738:Further reading
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1536:
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1508:
1501:
1479:
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1391:
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1112:
1110:
1109:. June 27, 1946
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1038:
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989:
962:
934:
922:
916:
897:
891:
872:
854:
786:
781:
729:1924 Publishes
678:Separates from
675:
606:
588:
576:
532:
519:Mary Baker Eddy
499:
455:and repeal the
354:white supremacy
341:
306:
249:
198:daughter-in-law
197:
192:
191:, granddaughter
179:
167:
156:
148:
144:
141:
127:
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111:
105:
103:
102:
101:
75:
69:
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47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2168:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
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2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:Pillar of Fire
1860:
1848:
1839:
1828:
1827:External links
1825:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1814:Church History
1810:
1804:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1762:
1756:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1709:Randall Balmer
1700:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1592:
1568:
1557:
1534:
1506:
1499:
1493:. p. 45.
1472:
1448:
1404:
1397:1880 US Census
1385:
1364:
1325:
1318:1870 US Census
1306:
1274:
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1229:
1204:
1194:
1165:
1123:
1078:
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1071:
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1059:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1026:Pillar of Fire
1024:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
987:
981:
975:
972:
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957:
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948:
932:
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914:
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852:
844:
839:
831:
823:
815:
804:
796:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:
778:on November 5.
774:1946 Death of
772:
769:
762:
755:
745:
734:
731:Woman's Chains
727:
720:
710:
705:1920 Acquires
703:
700:
697:
694:Pentecostalism
690:
683:
670:
667:Pillar of Fire
659:
656:
653:
646:
639:
636:
633:
622:
611:
607:
605:
602:
587:
584:
575:
572:
570:, Alma's son.
531:
530:Radio stations
528:
498:
495:
491:Pillar of Fire
370:cross burnings
340:
337:
305:
304:Church founder
302:
290:Salt Lake City
248:
245:
212:
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126:(aged 84)
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2140:Women bishops
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1778:0-8298-0950-3
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1724:1-932792-04-X
1720:
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1689:
1685:
1684:Time magazine
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1500:0-7734-7815-9
1496:
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1468:0-7734-7815-9
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1351:on 2010-06-22
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1197:
1195:0-486-24523-3
1191:
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949:
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939:
933:
928:
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921:
917:
915:1-4254-9000-X
911:
907:
903:
902:
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892:
890:1-4286-1075-8
886:
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251:She was born
246:
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137:
133:
130:
122:June 26, 1946
121:
117:
114:
110:June 16, 1862
98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2085:Ku Klux Klan
1945:
1879:
1820:
1813:
1794:
1767:
1746:
1728:
1713:
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1680:"Poor Aimee"
1674:
1659:
1649:
1634:
1624:
1617:America pure
1615:
1605:
1595:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1547:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:Lynn S. Neal
1485:
1475:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:. Retrieved
1388:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1309:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1268:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1219:
1199:
1179:
1168:
1159:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:the original
1117:
1111:. Retrieved
1100:
1040:
1025:
991:
983:
977:
965:
936:
925:
900:
875:
866:
857:
846:
841:
833:
825:
817:
811:(1911) with
806:
798:
790:
784:Publications
730:
666:
662:
617:in Elkfork,
597:The Diviners
595:
589:
577:
533:
509:
501:
500:
480:
476:
469:
466:
460:
449:
445:
442:
439:. She said:
436:
429:Camp Meeting
418:
397:
391:
385:
379:
373:
365:Ku Klux Klan
358:
350:antisemitism
342:
322:
307:
279:
261:
252:
250:
237:antisemitism
229:Ku Klux Klan
216:
215:
124:(1946-06-26)
76:Succeeded by
65:
2000:1946 deaths
1995:1862 births
1972:(2000-2008)
1966:(1984-2000)
1960:(1981-1984)
1954:(1946-1981)
1948:(1901-1946)
1045:, July 1926
676: 1905
665:changed to
515:Albert Hall
310:Pentecostal
257:Kinniconick
1989:Categories
1887:Alma White
1873:KPOF Radio
1694:2007-08-21
1528:(2): 350.
1438:2007-08-21
1355:2010-01-07
1264:2007-09-25
1155:2007-08-21
1113:2007-07-21
1075:References
652:in Denver.
592:Libba Bray
140:Kent White
106:1862-06-16
18:Alma White
1880:Star 99.1
1816:June 2009
1393:Bridwells
1314:Bridwells
270:Methodism
203:Known for
185:Relatives
175:Parent(s)
70:1918–1946
66:In office
1890:Archived
1878:WAWZ-FM
1854:Archived
1711:(2004).
1545:(1991).
1483:(2000).
1432:Archived
1176:(1983).
1063:See also
604:Timeline
477:Klansmen
423:against
267:Wesleyan
225:feminism
161:Children
56:1st
1844:at the
1395:in the
1316:in the
1300:: 753.
1012:Gallery
497:Rivalry
155:
147:
143:
1898:Corbis
1802:
1775:
1754:
1721:
1614:: 10.
1555:
1497:
1466:
1227:
1192:
1004:
986:(1937)
980:(1936)
971:(1933)
931:(1927)
912:
887:
863:(1917)
421:racism
390:, and
241:racism
135:Spouse
1882:Radio
757:1931
747:1930
736:1927
722:1921
712:1920
661:1904
648:1900
624:1880
613:1870
574:Death
149:(
145:
1800:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1752:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1668:: 4.
1643:: 3.
1553:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1254:Time
1225:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1145:Time
1006:..."
910:ISBN
885:ISBN
759:WAWZ
738:KPOF
564:WAKW
560:WAWZ
552:WBNY
548:KPOF
503:Time
296:and
119:Died
96:Born
1896:at
1835:at
1399:in
1320:in
1186:438
1119:84.
751:in
716:in
628:in
538:in
431:at
384:,
1991::
1727:.
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1561:.
1526:78
1524:.
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645:.
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196:,
108:)
104:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
