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198:. It extended about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 miles) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 metres (13–16 feet) and a coastline of about 300 km (200 miles). It covered 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi). Its name is Dutch for "southern sea", indicating that the name originates in
731:
with dams, pumping, and other hydrological technology. Four had been built by the early 1980s. They were the
Wieringermeer Polder built in 1930; the Northeast (Noordoost) Polder, built in 1942; the East (Oostelijk) Flevoland Polder, built in 1957; and the South (Zuidelijk) Flevoland Polder, completed
542:
Especially during the 12th century, particularly in 1219 and 1282, high tides and storms eroded the western banks of the Vlie and submerged large areas of land. The land between
Stavoren, Texel, and Medemblik was washed away around 1170. The waterway between Stavoren and Enkhuizen, however, did not
346:
and
Terschelling. This last name is grammatically more probable for a geographical indication, which is why it is assumed that Pomponius confused the declension of the word giving the name Flevo. In fact the Vlie formed outfall from the lake into the
811:. The inhabitants of these islands also subsisted mainly on fishing and related industries and still do in the case of Urk and Wieringen. All of these islands, except for Pampus, are now part of the mainland or connected to it.
599:
occurred 14 December 1287, when the seawalls broke during a storm, killing approximately 50,000 to 80,000 people in the fifth largest flood in recorded history. The flood occurred during a memorable storm in
280:
authors. This was the central and largest lake in a region filled with a mixture of lowland and freshwater lakes occupying the area later filled by the
Zuiderzee. It was separated from the sea by a belt of
447:, indicating it was still more of a lake, but the mouth and size of the inlet were much widened in the 12th century and especially after a disastrous flood in 1282 broke through the barrier dunes near
619:, but when storms pushed North Sea water into the inlet, the Zuiderzee became a volatile cauldron of water, frequently resulting in flooding and the loss of ships. For example, on 18 November 1421, a
165:
732:
in 1968. A fifth, Markewaard, began construction in 1963, and became partially complete, but was abandoned in the mid-1980s. Collectively, this system of dams, dikes, and polders is called the
334:. He writes: "The northern branch of the Rhine widens as Lake Flevo, and encloses an island of the same name, and then as a normal river flows to the sea". Other sources rather speak of
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1356:
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During a period of rising sea level between 250 and 600 CE, the connection to the sea and the lake were significantly enlarged. A period of lower sea levels followed.
1643:
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608:, and came from the North Sea, breaking and destroying several dams and dunes and transforming it into a bay which was then called the Zuiderzee, meaning
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A number of occurrences during the Middle Ages led to the transformation of the lake to an inland sea that would be called the
Zuiderzee, which are:
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had developed to a point by 1667 that the damming of the
Zuiderzee was proposed, but a feasible method did not appear until the 20th century.
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Around the
Zuiderzee many fishing villages grew up and several developed into walled towns with extensive trade connections, in particular
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started to eat away at the coastal areas which consisted mainly of peatlands. In this period the inlet was referred to as the
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727:. Large areas of land, mainly for agricultural use, were subsequently reclaimed from the water through the construction of
225:, an area of some 1,500 km (580 sq mi) was reclaimed as land. This land eventually became the province of
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In the 20th century the majority of the
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134:
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at the
Zuiderzee dike broke, which flooded 72 villages and killed about 10,000 people. This was the Second
88:
276:
In classical times there was already a body of water in this location, called Lake Flevo (Flevo Lacus) by
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The size of this inland sea remained largely stable from the 15th century onwards due to improvements in
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Contained within the
Zuiderzee were five small islands, the remains of what were once larger islands,
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715:. Plans for closing the Zuiderzee had been made over thirty years earlier but had not yet passed in
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appear until around 1400. The erosion was stopped to the south and east by the high sandy shores of
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486:= "eel lake" Presumably, the water of Lake Almere at that time was fresh water or slightly
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776:. When that lucrative trade diminished, most of the towns fell back on fishing and some
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Lake Almere is mentioned among others in a life of saints written by Anglo-Saxon Bishop
330:
in describing this region. In his treatise on geography of 44 AD, Pomponius speaks of a
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after the Zuiderzee, whose territory roughly corresponded to the present provinces of
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Satellite view of the modern region, with parts of the Zuiderzee Works annotated
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Lake) after the river that drains into it, and by means of drainage and
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until the 20th century when tourism became the major source of income.
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711:, enclosed the Zuiderzee. The creation of this dam was hastened by the
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926:(in Dutch). OOSTHOEK'S UITGEVERS MIJ. N.V (1916-1925). 17 January 2019
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on the southwestern end of the bay, since the seagoing traffic of the
213:. The salt water inlet changed into a fresh water lake now called the
1475:
1418:
808:
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335:
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612:. The name "Zuiderzee" came into general usage around this period.
892:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
757:
703:
The construction between 1927 and 1932 of a 19-mile long dam (the
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289:; at the time, the original coastline ran along the line of the
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362:, took the name of the body of water which lay there long ago.
1145:, dedicated to the history and culture of the former Zuiderzee
800:
471:
467:
298:
286:
187:
31:
342:(Vliestroom), i.e. the seaway between the Dutch islands of
377:; it probably flowed into the sea through what is now the
326:"flow", the name was transmitted by the Roman geographer
373:). Some part of this area of water was later called the
27:
Former inland sea in the Netherlands, now the IJsselmeer
1151:, long-distance cycle route around the former Zuiderzee
209:, leaving the mouth of the inlet to become part of the
723:, and the outer portion of the Zuiderzee became the
1605:
1372:
1166:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 1049.
1033:(in Dutch). Franeker, the Netherlands: Van Wijnen.
908:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 1049.
498:was given in 1984 in memory of this body of water.
229:. Part of the IJsselmeer was also divided into the
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1030:Duizend jaar weer, wind en water in de Lage Landen
365:Over time these lakes gradually eroded their soft
138:Historical map of the Netherlands (1658) with the
202:, to the north of the Zuiderzee (cf. North Sea).
764:. These towns traded at first with ports on the
406: 800 AD. At that time, the lake was called
354:In the second half of the twentieth century the
1644:Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy
1350:
1218:
8:
523:, a river that connected lake Almere to the
466:in 753, and a deed of gift from the town of
1357:
1343:
1335:
1225:
1211:
1203:
587:The Dutch defeat the Spanish fleet at the
948:Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia
880:
878:
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
967:(in classical sources) and Modern Dutch
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682:
951:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 1195.
832:
369:shores and spread (a process known as
313:). It existed in Roman times and the
293:. A number of streams, including the
157:
7:
1635:Qingdao International Sailing Centre
1083:
1081:
1066:1928 Summer Olympics official report
1047:from the original on 9 February 2021
338:, which could be related to today's
60:adding citations to reliable sources
1729:Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics
1626:Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre
995:, dat nog voortleeft in lat. germ.
986:Nederlands Etymologisch Woordenboek
795:, an artificial island. These were
508:due to global warming known as the
1714:Venues of the 1928 Summer Olympics
1015:'waddenstroom aan de Friese kust'.
451:. The disaster marked the rise of
25:
1596:
1294:Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium
1233:
963:Germanic variants, for example,
885:
707:), under plans originating from
645:was formed in 1811 and named as
637:The Netherlands was part of the
36:
381:channel between the islands of
47:needs additional citations for
1689:Alexandra Headland, Queensland
1680:Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier
490:. The name of the new town of
1:
403:
269:
254:
675:were held on the Zuiderzee.
441:rising sea levels and storms
320:From the Indo-European root
1561:Long Beach Shoreline Marina
519:in West Friesland near the
1750:
1552:Olympic Regatta in Tallinn
1543:Portsmouth Olympic Harbour
1314:Sparta Stadion Het Kasteel
752:, and later also towns in
515:excavation of peat by the
1594:
1525:Club de Yates de Acapulco
1366:Olympic venues in sailing
1254:
768:, in England, and in the
641:between 1810 and 1813. A
1319:Zeeburg Shooting Grounds
1120:. NASA. 6 September 2021
1093:Encyclopaedia Britannica
630:The process of creating
532:All Saints' Flood (1170)
439:this began to change as
427:) which may have been a
194:in the northwest of the
1719:Bays of the Netherlands
1163:Encyclopædia Britannica
905:Encyclopædia Britannica
589:Battle on the Zuiderzee
470:. Its etymology may be
459:trade could now visit.
178:), historically called
1734:Olympic sailing venues
1118:NASA Earth Observatory
945:Koch, John T. (2006).
700:
692:
595:The even more massive
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411:
273:
258:
142:
1671:Old Port of Marseille
1570:Busan Yachting Center
1149:Zuiderzee Cycle Route
1027:Buisman, Jan (1995).
983:de Vries, J. (1971).
924:Oosthoek encyclopedie
713:Flood of January 1916
698:
686:
625:St. Elizabeth's flood
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264:
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159:[ˌzœydərˈzeː]
137:
1243:1928 Summer Olympics
1089:"IJsselmeer Polders"
1071:8 April 2008 at the
791:, or in the case of
559:in the provinces of
510:Medieval Warm Period
358:and a new province,
56:improve this article
1185: /
756:such as Amsterdam,
639:First French Empire
530:floods such as the
435:. During the early
1458:Los Angeles Harbor
1157:"Zuider Zee"
701:
693:
691:in the Netherlands
671:for the Amsterdam
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423:was once a river (
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399:The region of the
274:
265:The region of the
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250:The region of the
143:
1701:
1700:
1693:Manly, Queensland
1606:21st century
1373:20th century
1332:
1331:
1279:Krachtsportgebouw
1114:"Zuiderzee Works"
1075:pp. 271–272, 274.
1040:978-9-05194-075-6
958:978-1-85109-440-0
787:connected to the
597:St. Lucia's flood
536:St. Lucia's flood
506:rising sea levels
425:fluvium Maresdeop
315:early Middle Ages
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18:Almere (lake)
1588:Wassaw Sound
1498:Port Phillip
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1401:Hunters Quay
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1122:. Retrieved
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54:Please help
49:verification
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1724:Former bays
1534:Bay of Kiel
1489:Liuskasaari
1289:Old Stadion
1192: /
1051:23 February
705:Afsluitdijk
687:Map of the
643:département
474:, in Dutch
437:Middle Ages
401:Netherlands
332:Flevo Lacus
267:Netherlands
252:Netherlands
207:Afsluitdijk
196:Netherlands
180:Lake Almere
71:"Zuiderzee"
1708:Categories
1304:Schermzaal
1259:Amersfoort
900:Zuider Zee
827:References
785:peninsulas
766:Baltic Sea
750:Overijssel
725:Wadden Sea
721:IJsselmeer
717:parliament
565:Gelderland
557:Gasterland
379:Vliestroom
242:Lake Flevo
231:Markermeer
215:IJsselmeer
211:Wadden Sea
184:Lake Flevo
176:Zuyder Zee
151:Zuider Zee
140:Zuyder Zee
82:newspapers
1449:Zuiderzee
1410:Nynäshamn
1324:Zuiderzee
1274:Hilversum
1264:Amsterdam
1247:Amsterdam
805:Schokland
797:Wieringen
762:Enkhuizen
740:Geography
647:Zuyderzée
602:Friesland
579:Zuiderzee
573:Friesland
525:North Sea
496:Flevoland
453:Amsterdam
371:waterwolf
360:Flevoland
349:North Sea
227:Flevoland
200:Friesland
192:North Sea
172:Zuyderzee
147:Zuiderzee
1662:Enoshima
1516:Enoshima
1467:Kiel Bay
1445:Buiten Y
1432:Le Havre
1423:Buiten Y
1388:Le Havre
1269:Buiten Y
1069:Archived
1045:Archived
920:"Almere"
815:See also
789:mainland
778:industry
591:in 1573.
569:Overysel
517:Frisians
488:brackish
484:ael mere
421:Marsdiep
383:Vlieland
344:Vlieland
1485:Harmaja
1241:of the
1180:05°24′E
1177:52°42′N
1124:16 July
1098:16 July
1011:, nnl.
1003:, mnl.
969:Vlie(t)
896::
754:Holland
729:polders
666:8-meter
662:6-meter
655:Utrecht
632:polders
621:seawall
606:Holland
561:Utrecht
431:of the
309:(Latin
237:History
223:polders
190:of the
96:scholar
1476:Torbay
1436:Meulan
1419:Ostend
1384:Meulan
1309:Sloten
1239:Venues
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1001:Flevum
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930:1 July
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809:Marken
793:Pampus
760:, and
746:Kampen
571:, and
555:, and
553:Voorst
549:Veluwe
492:Almere
482:, so:
457:Baltic
445:Almere
415:Almere
408:Almere
336:Flevum
323:*plew-
311:Flevus
301:, and
219:IJssel
155:Dutch:
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965:Flevo
758:Hoorn
617:dikes
538:1287.
449:Texel
295:Vecht
283:marsh
278:Roman
103:JSTOR
89:books
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1676:2028
1667:2024
1658:2020
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1548:1980
1539:1976
1530:1972
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1503:1960
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1481:1952
1472:1948
1463:1936
1454:1932
1441:1928
1428:1924
1415:1920
1406:1912
1397:Ryde
1393:1908
1380:1900
1126:2024
1100:2024
1053:2015
1035:ISBN
1013:Vlie
1005:Fleo
993:pleu
953:ISBN
932:2024
664:and
653:and
604:and
545:Gooi
534:and
521:Vlie
472:eels
433:Vlie
419:The
385:and
375:Vlie
367:peat
340:Vlie
307:Vlie
303:Ysel
285:and
182:and
145:The
75:news
1009:Fli
902:".
801:Urk
494:in
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476:aal
468:Urk
299:Eem
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