404:
381:
2488:
2465:
278:
4648:
303:
1795:
4528:
4693:
4678:
4663:
2577:(FDA) has approved the use of four alpha-1 antitrypsin products derived from a human plasma: Prolastin, Zemaira, Glassia, and Aralast. These products for intravenous augmentation A1AT therapy can cost up to $ 100,000 per year per patient. They are administered intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/kg once a week; higher doses do not provide additional benefit although they can be used in anticipation of an interruption of weekly administration, such as for a vacation.
662:
655:
4618:
4588:
4573:
4543:
4603:
410:
309:
4498:
4513:
4633:
4483:
31:
4558:
2581:(null, null), PiSZ). People are to be under optimal pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment and show evidence of progressive lung disease (e.g. lower forced expiratory volume per second (FEV1) predicted, impaired walking capacity or increased number of exacerbations) as evaluated by a healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency.
6149:
3677:
1832:-antitrypsin (382 in the pre-processed form containing the 24 amino acid signal peptide), a residue essential for binding elastase; this is thought to be one of the primary mechanisms by which cigarette smoking (or second-hand smoke) can lead to emphysema. Because A1AT is expressed in the liver, certain mutations in the
2587:
Aerosolized-augmented A1AT therapy is under study. This involves inhaling purified human A1AT into the lungs and trapping the A1AT into the lower respiratory tract. However, inhaled A1AT may not reach the elastin fibers in the lung where elastase injury occurs. Further study is currently underway.
2580:
Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (Respreeza) was approved for medical use in the
European Union in August 2015. It is indicated for maintenance treatment, to slow the progression of emphysema in adults with documented severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g., genotypes PiZZ, PiZ (null), Pi
1452:
A1AT not only binds to neutrophil elastase from inflammatory cells but also to elastase on the cell surface. In this latter role, elastase acts as a signaling molecule for cell movement, rather than as an enzyme. Besides liver cells, A1PI is also produced in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and the
1754:
Besides limiting elastase activity to limit tissue degradation, A1PI also acts to induce locomotion of lymphocytes through tissue including immature T cells through the thymus where immature T cells mature to become immunocompetent T cells that are released into tissue to elevate immune
1456:
Inactivation of A1AT by other enzymes during inflammation or infection can halt T cell migration precisely at the site of the pathological insult. This suggests that α1PI plays a key role in lymphocyte movement and immune surveillance, particularly in response to infection. A1AT is both
57:
1906:. This suggests that A1AT may play an anti-inflammatory or tissue-protecting role outside the lungs. These antibodies are associated with a more severe disease course, can be observed years before disease onset, and may predict the development of RA in
1969:, as it migrates toward the center of such an IEF gel. Other variants are less functional and are termed A-L and N-Z, dependent on whether they run proximal or distal to the M band. The presence of deviant bands on IEF can signify the presence of
3149:
Verheul MK, Yee A, Seaman A, Janssen GM, van Veelen PA, Drijfhout JW, et al. (June 2017). "Identification of carbamylated alpha 1 anti-trypsin (A1AT) as an antigenic target of anti-CarP antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis".
4647:
1973:. Since the number of identified mutations has exceeded the number of letters in the alphabet, subscripts have been added to most recent discoveries in this area, as in the Pittsburgh mutation described above.
3256:
4527:
1819:
in which a deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin leads to a chronic uninhibited tissue breakdown. This causes the degradation especially of lung tissue and eventually leads to characteristic manifestations of
4965:
1988:
with two different copies of the gene may have two different bands showing on electrofocusing, although heterozygote with one null mutant that abolishes expression of the gene will only show one band.
2231:
3694:
Alkins SA, O'Malley P (March 2000). "Should health-care systems pay for replacement therapy in patients with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency? A critical review and cost-effectiveness analysis".
4692:
4677:
4662:
3114:
Owen MC, Brennan SO, Lewis JH, Carrell RW (September 1983). "Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin. alpha 1-antitrypsin
Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder".
2584:
The most common side effects include dizziness, headache, dyspnoea (shortness of breath) and nausea. Allergic reactions have been observed during treatment, some of which were severe.
4617:
2186:
3286:
417:
316:
5534:
5034:
3248:
3334:
5568:
2940:
Kolarich D, Weber A, Turecek PL, Schwarz HP, Altmann F (June 2006). "Comprehensive glyco-proteomic analysis of human alpha1-antitrypsin and its charge isoforms".
2124:
3581:
4587:
3433:
3544:
5066:
3308:
3618:
3507:
3470:
5723:
3226:
4572:
4542:
945:
239:
926:
6036:
3990:
Carrell RW, Jeppsson JO, Laurell CB, Brennan SO, Owen MC, Vaughan L, et al. (July 1982). "Structure and variation of human alpha 1-antitrypsin".
2912:
4159:
Kalsheker N, Morley S, Morgan K (April 2002). "Gene regulation of the serine proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-antichymotrypsin".
4602:
2985:"Current understanding of stem cell mobilization: the roles of chemokines, proteolytic enzymes, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and stromal cells"
1940:
to measure how much A1AT is present. Other detection methods include the use of enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assays and radial immunodiffusion.
6169:
4462:
2704:
1430:
2686:
4801:
4093:
Coakley RJ, Taggart C, O'Neill S, McElvaney NG (January 2001). "Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: biological answers to clinical questions".
3026:"Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. 2: genetic aspects of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency: phenotypes and genetic modifiers of emphysema risk"
1731:. These enzymes are released locally in relatively low concentrations where they are immediately cleared by proteins such as A1AT. In the
4497:
4422:
3662:
403:
54:
6189:
2161:
4512:
1248:
5561:
4404:
1241:
4130:
Lomas DA, Lourbakos A, Cumming SA, Belorgey D (April 2002). "Hypersensitive mousetraps, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and dementia".
380:
4970:
4912:
4850:
4796:
4791:
4733:
3194:
1462:
1649:
carry different amounts of negatively charged sialic acids; this causes the heterogeneity observed on normal A1AT when analysed by
1481:–proteinase inhibitor (human) and under various trade names (including Aralast NP, Glassia, Prolastin, Prolastin-C, and Zemaira).
3278:
2857:"Current developments in mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their interaction with niches in bone marrow"
2808:"Serine protease inhibitors serpina1 and serpina3 are down-regulated in bone marrow during hematopoietic progenitor mobilization"
1929:
of 0.9–2.3 g/L (in the US the reference range is expressed as mg/dL or micromoles), but the concentration can rise manyfold upon
1926:
3396:
5954:
5909:
5059:
4035:
Elliott PR, Abrahams JP, Lomas DA (January 1998). "Wild-type alpha 1-antitrypsin is in the canonical inhibitory conformation".
2673:
2652:
2303:
2216:
2142:
4428:
3075:"Oxidation of either methionine 351 or methionine 358 in alpha 1-antitrypsin causes loss of anti-neutrophil elastase activity"
1884:
6179:
6046:
5716:
5513:
2102:
2055:
1970:
1809:
1803:
1410:
302:
277:
4656:: Active site distortion is sufficient for proteinase inhibit second crystal structure of covalent serpin-proteinase complex
4632:
2669:
6174:
5554:
2759:"Acute-phase protein α1-anti-trypsin: diverting injurious innate and adaptive immune responses from non-authentic threats"
2648:
1617:
are most at risk for carrying one of the most common mutant forms of A1AT, the Z mutation (Glu342Lys on M1A, rs28929474).
6139:
5244:
3612:
3575:
3538:
3501:
3464:
3427:
2574:
2376:
2010:
1709:
1458:
1347:
416:
315:
219:
4536:: A 2.1 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF AN UNCLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN SHOWS VARIABILITY OF THE REACTIVE CENTER AND OTHER LOOPS
5659:
4482:
2444:
1958:(IEF) in the pH range 4.5-5.5, where the protein migrates in a gel according to its isoelectric point or charge in a
409:
308:
1497:
The protein was initially named "antitrypsin" because of its ability to bind and irreversibly inactivate the enzyme
5841:
5052:
5011:
3569:
2620:, another serpin that is analogous for protecting the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases
3421:
6002:
5709:
5593:
5508:
4455:
3656:
3532:
1865:
1759:
1633:. However, one particular site shows a considerable amount of heterogeneity since tri- and even tetraantennary N-
1798:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (white) with highlighted 'reactive centre loop' (blue) and A-sheet (light blue). (PDB: 1QLP)
5851:
5614:
5119:
4818:
4756:
3731:"Intravenous Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Therapy for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: The Current State of the Evidence"
3606:
3495:
3458:
2617:
994:
227:
3218:
5402:
6085:
5870:
5179:
3829:"Recombinant Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as Dry Powder for Pulmonary Administration: A Formulative Proof of Concept"
2172:
1529:
975:
971:
4557:
2483:
2904:
2405:
1736:
1936:
The level of A1AT in serum is most often determined by adding an antibody that binds to A1AT, then using
6184:
5817:
5624:
5205:
4991:
4937:
4726:
3924:
Kalsheker N (April 1989). "Alpha 1-antitrypsin: structure, function and molecular biology of the gene".
3362:
2032:
1571:
region can be further divided into two sub-regions, termed "1" and "2". Alpha-1 antitrypsin is the main
291:
1625:
A1AT is a single-chain glycoprotein consisting of 394 amino acids in the mature form and exhibits many
4348:"Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: a new paradigm for hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic liver disease"
5462:
5278:
4448:
3999:
2757:
Guttman O, Baranovski BM, Schuster R, Kaner Z, Freixo-Lima GS, Bahar N, et al. (February 2015).
2134:
1955:
1891:
1813:
1650:
1418:
206:
6104:
5685:
5619:
5577:
5457:
5397:
5143:
5133:
5123:
4907:
4808:
4786:
4781:
4766:
4761:
4701:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4686:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4671:: THE S VARIANT OF HUMAN ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN, STRUCTURE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNCTION AND METABOLISM
4434:
4190:"Liver injury in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: an aggregated protein induces mitochondrial injury"
3073:
Taggart C, Cervantes-Laurean D, Kim G, McElvaney NG, Wehr N, Moss J, et al. (September 2000).
2601:
2460:
2320:
1930:
1816:
1763:
1732:
1466:
1399:
1220:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
4233:"Alpha1-antitrypsin polymerization and the serpinopathies: pathobiology and prospects for therapy"
1794:
661:
654:
6031:
5821:
5629:
5483:
5375:
4377:
4118:
4023:
3949:
3827:
Bianchera A, Alomari E, Michielon A, Bazzoli G, Ronda N, Pighini G, et al. (December 2022).
2965:
1877:
1438:
251:
4064:
Miyamoto Y, Akaike T, Maeda H (March 2000). "S-nitrosylated human alpha(1)-protease inhibitor".
1224:
1216:
1149:
1129:
1066:
4626:: 2.0 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF INTACT ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN: A CANONICAL TEMPLATE FOR ACTIVE SERPINS
2426:
6075:
5825:
5492:
5392:
5335:
4369:
4334:
4291:
4262:
4219:
4176:
4147:
4110:
4081:
4052:
4015:
3978:
3941:
3901:
3860:
3809:
3760:
3711:
3651:
3200:
3190:
3167:
3131:
3096:
3055:
3006:
2957:
2886:
2837:
2788:
2739:
2416:
2273:
2260:
2243:
2114:
1744:
1518:
1474:
247:
199:
47:
6060:
6007:
5075:
4719:
4359:
4324:
4316:
4283:
4252:
4244:
4209:
4201:
4168:
4139:
4102:
4073:
4044:
4007:
3970:
3933:
3891:
3850:
3840:
3799:
3791:
3750:
3742:
3703:
3159:
3123:
3086:
3045:
3037:
2996:
2949:
2876:
2868:
2827:
2819:
2778:
2770:
2731:
2500:
1681:
1533:
1486:
1387:
1383:
496:
427:
371:
326:
4401:
2592:
alpha-1 antitrypsin is not yet available for use as a medication but is under development.
2385:
1629:. The three N-linked glycosylations sites are mainly equipped with so-called diantennary N-
6153:
6080:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5745:
5732:
5639:
5598:
5234:
5155:
5016:
4408:
2589:
2329:
1951:
1837:
1482:
471:
2023:. Some mutant forms fail to fold properly and are, thus, targeted for destruction in the
4003:
2487:
2464:
5350:
5307:
5224:
5129:
5115:
5095:
4838:
4413:
4329:
4304:
3896:
3879:
3855:
3828:
3804:
3779:
3755:
3730:
3050:
3025:
2881:
2856:
2832:
2807:
2783:
2758:
1903:
1658:
1576:
1557:
1470:
4257:
4232:
4214:
4189:
4077:
3961:
Crystal RG (December 1989). "The alpha 1-antitrypsin gene and its deficiency states".
3185:
Mackiewicz A, Kushner I, Baumann H, eds. (1993). "Acute phase response: an overview".
3001:
2984:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
6163:
5980:
5975:
5933:
5775:
5634:
5467:
5449:
5387:
5345:
5341:
5173:
4106:
3974:
3681:
3388:
3339:
2476:
1899:
1603:
1541:
690:
4381:
4027:
3953:
2969:
2093:
1836:
encoding the protein can cause misfolding and impaired secretion, which can lead to
6109:
5965:
5948:
5899:
5855:
5736:
5139:
5083:
4932:
4902:
4776:
4771:
4122:
2570:
2199:
2194:
1985:
1937:
1895:
1861:
1395:
489:
268:
231:
30:
3845:
3795:
3746:
3279:"Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2016"
3249:"Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2017"
4320:
255:
6124:
6026:
6017:
5970:
5960:
5895:
5813:
5798:
5750:
5690:
5669:
5654:
5498:
5488:
5380:
5331:
5268:
5249:
5209:
5198:
5166:
5006:
4066:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
3187:
Acute phase proteins: molecular biology, biochemistry, and clinical applications
3127:
2709:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2691:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2623:
2179:
1771:
1426:
4287:
3163:
572:
6069:
6021:
5943:
5938:
5928:
5890:
5866:
5429:
3204:
2539:
2360:
2024:
1992:
1907:
1869:
1825:
1767:
1638:
1446:
388:
285:
235:
1910:
patients. Consequently, carbamylated A1AT is currently being developed as an
6099:
5847:
5784:
5767:
5664:
5434:
5421:
5293:
5273:
5001:
4895:
4890:
4305:"Molecular mousetraps, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies"
3707:
3041:
2649:
ENSG00000277377 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197249, ENSG00000277377
2128:
2073:
2062:
1944:
1914:
1821:
1735:, a further elevation is required to "limit" the damage caused by activated
1673:
1642:
1626:
1506:
1442:
890:
632:
510:
455:
442:
354:
341:
243:
210:, A1A, A1AT, AAT, PI, PI1, PRO2275, alpha1AT, serpin family A member 1, nNIF
4373:
4338:
4295:
4266:
4223:
4180:
4151:
4114:
4085:
4048:
3864:
3813:
3764:
3715:
3171:
3100:
3091:
3074:
3059:
3010:
2961:
2953:
2890:
2841:
2792:
2743:
2084:
Other rarer forms have been described; in all, there are over 80 variants.
1441:. However, defective A1AT may accumulate in the liver, potentially causing
4056:
4019:
3982:
3945:
3905:
3135:
1288:
1283:
6114:
6041:
6012:
5885:
5880:
5701:
5644:
5315:
5283:
5086:
4947:
4942:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4860:
4855:
4845:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4813:
2823:
2722:
Gettins PG (December 2002). "Serpin structure, mechanism, and function".
2340:
2156:
2020:
1873:
1775:
1740:
1728:
1700:
1677:
1669:
1561:
1532:. On electrophoresis, the protein component of the blood is separated by
1510:
1502:
1375:
1272:
1043:
1039:
1020:
3780:"Feasibility of Aerosolized Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as a Therapeutic Option"
2349:
5585:
5546:
5412:
5355:
5288:
4172:
4143:
3937:
2028:
1948:
1911:
1779:
1748:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1634:
1630:
1613:-antitrypsin have been described in various populations. North-Western
1572:
1498:
1414:
1379:
1332:
1006:
957:
4596:: NON-COVALENT COMPLEX BETWEEN ALPHA-1-PI-PITTSBURGH AND S195A TRYPSIN
4364:
4347:
3335:"Health product highlights 2021: Annexes of products approved in 2021"
2872:
2806:
Winkler IG, Hendy J, Coughlin P, Horvath A, Lévesque JP (April 2005).
2774:
1653:. Also, the fucosylated triantennary N-glycans were shown to have the
1513:
and elsewhere. In older biomedical literature it was sometimes called
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
6093:
5649:
5439:
5105:
4996:
4957:
4865:
4742:
4397:
4248:
4205:
4011:
2735:
2605:
2396:
2077:
2066:
1977:
1876:). One person with this mutation has been reported to have died of a
1824:. Evidence has shown that cigarette smoke can result in oxidation of
1724:
1696:
1654:
1614:
1391:
1336:
1256:
912:
5044:
2911:. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Insittues of Health.
5503:
2432:
1793:
1783:
1434:
1406:
4581:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A1PI-PITTSBURGH IN THE NATIVE CONFORMATION
4551:: Interactions causing the kinetic trap in serpin protein folding
4276:
Clinica
Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
3680:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3309:"Prescription medicines and biologicals: TGA annual summary 2017"
875:
871:
5021:
4975:
2279:
2254:
1981:
1833:
1676:
nomenclature) is found to be covalently linked to a free single
1599:
1422:
1343:
223:
5705:
5550:
5048:
4715:
4444:
2267:
2151:
2101:
670:
4440:
4274:
Lisowska-Myjak B (February 2005). "AAT as a diagnostic tool".
1693:
760:
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
2449:
1778:
in these areas can lead to non-functional proteins that can
4611:: INTACT RECOMBINED ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN MUTANT PHE 51 TO LEU
2225:
1959:
1668:
particular protein-cell recognition properties. The single
4711:
3729:
Brantly ML, Lascano JE, Shahmohammadi A (November 2018).
831:
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
2238:
2035:. The serum levels of some of the common genotypes are:
1943:
Different analytical methods are used to determine A1AT
1703:, it is considered the most prominent serpin; the terms
479:
3389:"Respreeza - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
2909:
ClinVar
Genomic variation as it relates to human health
2569:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrates are prepared from the
2559:
1517:(STI, dated terminology), because its capability as a
1485:
versions are also available but are currently used in
6137:
4400:
online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:
2905:"NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.1096G>A (p.Glu366Lys)"
644:
2080:
mutation at position 264 (288 in pre-processed form)
2069:
mutation at position 342 (366 in pre-processed form)
6059:
5995:
5919:
5797:
5766:
5759:
5744:
5678:
5607:
5584:
5476:
5448:
5420:
5411:
5368:
5324:
5306:
5259:
5232:
5223:
5188:
5153:
5103:
5094:
5082:
4984:
4956:
4749:
3363:"Regulatory Decision Summary for Pronextica Liquid"
2538:
2499:
2494:
2475:
2443:
2415:
2395:
2375:
2359:
2339:
2319:
2294:
2215:
2210:
2185:
2171:
2141:
2123:
2113:
2108:
1209:
1148:
1122:
1061:
4506:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CLEAVED ANTITRYPSIN POLYMER
3880:"Hereditary variants of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin"
2665:
2663:
2661:
2644:
2642:
2640:
1887:-positive globules within periportal hepatocytes.
1413:), neutrophil elastase can excessively break down
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
2855:Richler R, Forssmann W, Henschler R (June 2017).
2013:and "MM" is the banding pattern of that patient.
426:
325:
4521:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A SERPIN:PROTEASE COMPLEX
2935:
2933:
1954:is imprecise, the A1AT phenotype is analysed by
2328:
1560:). The non-albumin proteins are referred to as
1433:, in adults. Normally, A1AT is produced in the
3564:
3562:
2670:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000071177
5717:
5562:
5060:
4727:
4456:
3416:
3414:
2608:variants of A1AT leading to disease in 1965.
1409:contains inadequate or defective A1AT (as in
846:negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
8:
4346:Rudnick DA, Perlmutter DH (September 2005).
4095:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
3527:
3525:
2160:
2092:
1339:superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the
724:serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
2287:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
1995:results, the IEF results are notated as in
5763:
5756:
5724:
5710:
5702:
5569:
5555:
5547:
5417:
5229:
5100:
5091:
5067:
5053:
5045:
4734:
4720:
4712:
4463:
4449:
4441:
3601:
3599:
3490:
3488:
3453:
3451:
2486:
2463:
2100:
1521:was a salient feature of its early study.
1145:
1058:
886:
750:COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
686:
467:
366:
263:
65:
6037:Tetragalacturonic acid hydroxymethylester
5535:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
5035:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
4363:
4328:
4256:
4213:
3895:
3854:
3844:
3803:
3754:
3090:
3049:
3000:
2880:
2831:
2782:
2384:
821:negative regulation of peptidase activity
3878:Axelsson U, Laurell CB (November 1965).
800:collagen-containing extracellular matrix
790:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
6144:
4478:
2636:
2459:
2348:
2308:
2051:PiSZ: 40% of normal serum level of A1AT
2048:PiMZ: 60% of normal serum level of A1AT
2045:PiSS: 60% of normal serum level of A1AT
2042:PiMS: 80% of normal serum level of A1AT
861:post-translational protein modification
16:Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
4231:Lomas DA, Mahadeva R (December 2002).
3735:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
3547:from the original on 28 September 2020
3313:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
3283:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
3253:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2925:Interpretation: Pathogenic risk factor
2763:Clinical & Experimental Immunology
2604:first investigated the possibility of
2477:
2091:
1509:, is a digestive enzyme active in the
20:
4641:: CLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN POLYMER
4237:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
4194:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
3219:"Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor, Human"
3024:DeMeo DL, Silverman EK (March 2004).
2983:Lapidot T, Petit I (September 2012).
2425:
2404:
2133:
1431:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
431:
392:
387:
330:
289:
284:
7:
4802:Protein Z-related protease inhibitor
2915:from the original on 13 October 2022
2812:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2431:
2198:
2027:, whereas others have a tendency to
1528:refers to the protein's behavior on
3665:from the original on 3 October 2020
3584:from the original on 3 October 2020
3436:from the original on 10 August 2020
3399:from the original on 3 October 2020
3229:from the original on 3 October 2020
3116:The New England Journal of Medicine
3079:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1463:an exogenous one used as medication
3884:American Journal of Human Genetics
3473:from the original on 4 August 2020
3289:from the original on 10 April 2023
3259:from the original on 10 April 2023
2019:levels in the blood depend on the
1883:A liver biopsy will show abundant
1808:Disorders of this protein include
1720:) are often used interchangeably.
1206:
1119:
1030:
1011:
985:
962:
936:
917:
649:
567:
505:
484:
14:
5912:(II, VII, IX, X, protein C and S)
4797:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
4792:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
3621:from the original on 1 April 2020
3510:from the original on 1 April 2020
2119:Aralast, Zemaira, Glassia, others
1672:residue of A1AT in position 256 (
6147:
4691:
4676:
4661:
4646:
4631:
4616:
4601:
4586:
4571:
4556:
4541:
4526:
4511:
4496:
4481:
4161:Biochemical Society Transactions
4132:Biochemical Society Transactions
4107:10.1097/00000441-200101000-00006
3675:
2517:
2511:
1645:amino acid nomenclature). These
1609:Over 100 different variants of α
1459:an endogenous protease inhibitor
660:
653:
415:
408:
402:
379:
314:
307:
301:
276:
29:
5955:thrombopoietin receptor agonist
5910:Prothrombin complex concentrate
4491:: UNCLEAVED ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN
4188:Perlmutter DH (December 2002).
3367:Drug and Health Products Portal
1786:(infantile hepatic cirrhosis).
6047:Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325
5514:Extracellular matrix protein 1
2529:
2523:
2505:
2056:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1971:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1810:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1804:Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1602:is located on the long arm of
1411:alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
1374:) because it inhibits various
671:More reference expression data
633:More reference expression data
1:
4078:10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00264-2
3846:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122754
3796:10.15326/jcopdf.7.3.2019.0179
3747:10.15326/jcopdf.6.1.2017.0185
3002:10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00883-4
1894:(RA) have been found to make
400:
299:
6170:Genes on human chromosome 14
5245:Sex hormone-binding globulin
4321:10.7861/clinmedicine.5-3-249
4037:Journal of Molecular Biology
3975:10.1016/0168-9525(89)90200-X
3613:Food and Drug Administration
3576:Food and Drug Administration
3539:Food and Drug Administration
3502:Food and Drug Administration
3465:Food and Drug Administration
3428:Food and Drug Administration
3189:. CRC Press. pp. 3–19.
2626:is a related alpha 1 protein
2575:Food and Drug Administration
2311:Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor
2162:Alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
1762:, A1AT has a characteristic
1584:alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor
795:ficolin-1-rich granule lumen
765:platelet alpha granule lumen
704:peptidase inhibitor activity
5660:Haptoglobin-related protein
3128:10.1056/NEJM198309223091203
745:endoplasmic reticulum lumen
6206:
6190:Serine protease inhibitors
5842:Valoctocogene roxaparvovec
5012:Thyroxine-binding globulin
4433:gene details page in the
4288:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.03.012
3164:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.02.008
2495:Chemical and physical data
1843:An extremely rare form of
1801:
1760:serine protease inhibitors
1664:, which could confer this
1249:Chr 12: 103.73 – 103.74 Mb
6003:Absorbable gelatin sponge
5526:
5509:Vitamin D-binding protein
5030:
4476:
3657:European Medicines Agency
2705:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2687:"Human PubMed Reference:"
2555:
2299:
2099:
1489:more than as medication.
1453:Paneth cells of the gut.
1417:, leading to the loss of
1287:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1255:
1236:
1213:
1172:
1141:
1126:
1085:
1054:
1037:
1033:
1018:
1014:
1005:
992:
988:
969:
965:
956:
943:
939:
924:
920:
911:
896:
889:
885:
869:
719:identical protein binding
689:
685:
668:
652:
643:
630:
579:
570:
517:
508:
478:
470:
466:
449:
436:
399:
378:
369:
365:
348:
335:
298:
275:
266:
262:
217:
214:
204:
197:
192:
73:
68:
51:
46:
41:
37:
28:
23:
5852:Fidanacogene elaparvovec
5615:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
5120:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
4757:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2618:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2573:of blood donors. The US
2031:, being retained in the
1976:As every person has two
1927:reference range in blood
1743:, which breaks down the
1723:Most serpins inactivate
1242:Chr 14: 94.38 – 94.39 Mb
856:neutrophil degranulation
6086:Aminomethylbenzoic acid
5403:7S seed storage protein
5180:Retinol binding protein
3778:Usmani OS (July 2020).
3708:10.1378/chest.117.3.875
3152:Journal of Autoimmunity
3042:10.1136/thx.2003.006502
1737:neutrophil granulocytes
1657:as part of a so-called
1637:can be attached to the
1544:, the second being the
1530:protein electrophoresis
1515:serum trypsin inhibitor
553:upper lobe of left lung
4958:Cross class inhibitory
4049:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1458
3784:Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis
3092:10.1074/jbc.M004850200
2954:10.1002/pmic.200500751
1965:Normal A1AT is termed
1868:), due to a mutation (
1799:
1782:and accumulate in the
1473:and is sold under the
1469:form is purified from
1350:, it is also known as
826:platelet degranulation
6180:Enzymes used as drugs
5818:Damoctocog alfa pegol
5625:Alpha 2-macroglobulin
5206:alpha-2-Macroglobulin
4992:Heat shock protein 47
3661:. 17 September 2018.
3580:. 21 September 2017.
2861:Transfus Med Hemother
2054:PiZZ: 10-15% (severe
2033:endoplasmic reticulum
1814:autosomal co-dominant
1797:
1790:Clinical significance
1582:Another name used is
1505:. Trypsin, a type of
1356:–proteinase inhibitor
836:COPII vesicle coating
775:endoplasmic reticulum
755:extracellular exosome
433:12 E|12 52.98 cM
394:Chromosome 12 (mouse)
292:Chromosome 14 (human)
6175:Acute-phase proteins
5578:Acute-phase proteins
5463:Bovine serum albumin
5279:Beta-2 microglobulin
4566:: ALPHA1-ANTITRYPSIN
4427:genome location and
4407:1 April 2008 at the
2824:10.1084/jem.20042299
1956:isoelectric focusing
1902:form of A1AT in the
1892:rheumatoid arthritis
1733:acute phase reaction
1651:isoelectric focusing
1536:. There are several
1439:systemic circulation
841:acute-phase response
770:extracellular region
587:hepatobiliary system
256:SERPINA1 - orthologs
69:List of PDB id codes
42:Available structures
5620:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
5458:Human serum albumin
5398:11S globulin family
5144:Heparin cofactor II
5134:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
5124:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
4787:Protein C inhibitor
4782:Heparin cofactor II
4767:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
4762:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
4435:UCSC Genome Browser
4416:Alpha-1-antitrypsin
4004:1982Natur.298..329C
3395:. 10 October 2018.
2263:(Prescription only)
2234:(Prescription only)
2096:
2094:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
2072:PiS is caused by a
2061:PiZ is caused by a
2039:PiMM: 100% (normal)
2017:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
1822:pulmonary emphysema
1817:hereditary disorder
1764:secondary structure
1727:by binding to them
1475:nonproprietary name
1445:in both adults and
1400:neutrophil elastase
1301:Alpha-1 antitrypsin
785:extracellular space
619:islet of Langerhans
529:islet of Langerhans
521:right lobe of liver
6032:Oxidized cellulose
5822:Efanesoctocog alfa
5630:C-reactive protein
5484:C-reactive protein
5376:Beta-lactoglobulin
4173:10.1042/BST0300093
4144:10.1042/BST0300089
3963:Trends in Genetics
3938:10.1007/BF01115992
3926:Bioscience Reports
3369:. 14 November 2023
2011:protease inhibitor
1931:acute inflammation
1878:bleeding diathesis
1860:, functions as an
1800:
1710:protease inhibitor
1540:, the first being
1427:respiratory issues
1425:. This results in
1398:cells, especially
1348:protease inhibitor
995:ENSMUSG00000071177
809:Biological process
733:Cellular component
697:Molecular function
6135:
6134:
6105:Alfa1 antitrypsin
6076:Aminocaproic acid
6061:Antifibrinolytics
6055:
6054:
5991:
5990:
5826:Efmoroctocog alfa
5776:Phytomenadione (K
5699:
5698:
5544:
5543:
5522:
5521:
5493:Alpha-lactalbumin
5393:Alpha-lactalbumin
5364:
5363:
5336:Fetal fibronectin
5302:
5301:
5219:
5218:
5076:Globular proteins
5042:
5041:
4709:
4708:
4365:10.1002/hep.20815
4309:Clinical Medicine
4303:Lomas DA (2005).
2873:10.1159/000477262
2775:10.1111/cei.12476
2567:
2566:
2445:CompTox Dashboard
2283:
2271:
2258:
2241:
2229:
2154:
1745:connective tissue
1739:and their enzyme
1519:trypsin inhibitor
1471:human donor blood
1382:). As a type of
1335:belonging to the
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1267:
1266:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1202:
1137:
1136:
1116:
1115:
1050:
1049:
1027:
1026:
1001:
1000:
982:
981:
952:
951:
933:
932:
881:
880:
851:blood coagulation
681:
680:
677:
676:
639:
638:
626:
625:
564:
563:
462:
461:
361:
360:
188:
187:
184:
183:
52:Ortholog search:
6197:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6143:
6008:Calcium alginate
5764:
5757:
5746:Antihemorrhagics
5733:Antihemorrhagics
5726:
5719:
5712:
5703:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5548:
5418:
5262:
5238:
5235:carrier proteins
5230:
5191:
5159:
5156:carrier proteins
5109:
5101:
5092:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5046:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4713:
4695:
4680:
4665:
4650:
4635:
4620:
4605:
4590:
4575:
4560:
4545:
4530:
4515:
4500:
4485:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4442:
4385:
4367:
4342:
4332:
4299:
4270:
4260:
4249:10.1172/JCI16782
4227:
4217:
4206:10.1172/JCI16787
4184:
4155:
4126:
4089:
4060:
4031:
4012:10.1038/298329a0
3998:(5872): 329–34.
3986:
3957:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3848:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3758:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3652:"Respreeza EPAR"
3648:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3617:. 22 July 2017.
3603:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3566:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3543:. 5 March 2018.
3529:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3506:. 22 July 2017.
3492:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3469:. 22 July 2017.
3455:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3432:. 22 July 2017.
3418:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3285:. 21 June 2022.
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3255:. 21 June 2022.
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3085:(35): 27258–65.
3070:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2736:10.1021/cr010170
2730:(12): 4751–804.
2724:Chemical Reviews
2719:
2713:
2712:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2667:
2656:
2646:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2548:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2490:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2453:
2451:
2435:
2429:
2408:
2388:
2352:
2332:
2281:
2278:
2269:
2266:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2237:
2227:
2224:
2202:
2164:
2153:
2150:
2137:
2104:
2097:
2095:
1755:responsiveness.
1682:disulfide bridge
1534:electric current
1487:medical research
1384:enzyme inhibitor
1280:
1279:
1251:
1244:
1227:
1207:
1198:
1146:
1142:RefSeq (protein)
1132:
1120:
1111:
1059:
1031:
1012:
986:
963:
937:
918:
887:
709:protease binding
687:
673:
664:
657:
650:
635:
575:
573:Top expressed in
568:
513:
511:Top expressed in
506:
485:
468:
458:
445:
434:
419:
412:
406:
395:
383:
367:
357:
344:
333:
318:
311:
305:
294:
280:
264:
258:
209:
202:
179:
66:
60:
39:
38:
33:
21:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6138:
6136:
6131:
6081:Tranexamic acid
6051:
5987:
5921:
5915:
5838:Turoctocog alfa
5834:Susoctocog alfa
5830:Moroctocog alfa
5800:
5793:
5788:
5779:
5748:
5740:
5730:
5700:
5695:
5674:
5603:
5580:
5575:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5518:
5472:
5444:
5407:
5369:Other globulins
5360:
5320:
5316:Immunoglobulins
5298:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5233:
5215:
5189:
5184:
5154:
5149:
5104:
5096:Alpha globulins
5078:
5073:
5043:
5038:
5026:
5017:Angiotensinogen
4980:
4952:
4745:
4740:
4710:
4705:
4702:
4696:
4687:
4681:
4672:
4666:
4657:
4651:
4642:
4636:
4627:
4621:
4612:
4606:
4597:
4591:
4582:
4576:
4567:
4561:
4552:
4546:
4537:
4531:
4522:
4516:
4507:
4501:
4492:
4486:
4472:
4469:
4409:Wayback Machine
4393:
4388:
4345:
4302:
4273:
4243:(11): 1585–90.
4230:
4200:(11): 1579–83.
4187:
4158:
4129:
4092:
4063:
4034:
3989:
3960:
3923:
3919:
3917:Further reading
3914:
3913:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3676:
3668:
3666:
3650:
3649:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3343:. 3 August 2022
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3197:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2948:(11): 3369–80.
2939:
2938:
2931:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2668:
2659:
2647:
2638:
2633:
2614:
2598:
2558:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2471:
2447:
2439:
2411:
2391:
2371:
2355:
2335:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2290:
2247:
2206:
2174:
2167:
2090:
2007:
2000:
1952:electrophoresis
1923:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1838:liver cirrhosis
1831:
1806:
1792:
1718:
1690:
1623:
1612:
1596:
1589:
1558:immunoglobulins
1552:and the fourth
1495:
1480:
1437:and enters the
1368:-antiproteinase
1367:
1355:
1320:
1308:
1289:View/Edit Mouse
1284:View/Edit Human
1247:
1240:
1237:Location (UCSC)
1223:
1219:
1215:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1128:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1042:
976:ENSG00000277377
974:
972:ENSG00000197249
865:
804:
740:Golgi apparatus
728:
714:protein binding
669:
659:
658:
631:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
583:proximal tubule
571:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
509:
453:
440:
432:
422:
421:
420:
413:
393:
370:Gene location (
352:
339:
331:
321:
320:
319:
312:
290:
267:Gene location (
218:
205:
198:
75:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6203:
6201:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6065:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5874:
5873:
5860:
5859:
5845:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5770:
5761:
5754:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5706:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5608:Other positive
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5551:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5351:Transcobalamin
5348:
5339:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5308:Gamma globulin
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5227:
5225:Beta globulins
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5202:
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5162:
5160:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5127:
5112:
5110:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4716:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4660:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4419:
4411:
4392:
4391:External links
4389:
4387:
4386:
4343:
4300:
4271:
4228:
4185:
4156:
4127:
4090:
4061:
4032:
3987:
3958:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3870:
3819:
3770:
3741:(1): 100–114.
3721:
3686:
3632:
3595:
3558:
3521:
3484:
3447:
3410:
3380:
3354:
3326:
3315:. 21 June 2022
3300:
3270:
3240:
3225:. 4 May 2020.
3210:
3195:
3177:
3141:
3106:
3065:
3016:
2995:(9): 973–981.
2975:
2929:
2896:
2867:(3): 151–164.
2847:
2818:(7): 1077–88.
2798:
2769:(2): 161–172.
2749:
2714:
2696:
2678:
2657:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2610:
2597:
2594:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2456:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2276:
2264:
2251:
2235:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2175:administration
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2005:
1998:
1922:
1919:
1904:synovial fluid
1896:autoantibodies
1890:Patients with
1857:
1853:
1846:
1829:
1802:Main article:
1791:
1788:
1716:
1705:α1-antitrypsin
1689:
1686:
1659:Sialyl Lewis x
1622:
1619:
1610:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1577:alpha-globulin
1494:
1491:
1478:
1467:pharmaceutical
1386:, it protects
1365:
1353:
1318:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1170:
1169:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1083:
1082:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
990:
989:
983:
980:
979:
967:
966:
960:
954:
953:
950:
949:
941:
940:
934:
931:
930:
922:
921:
915:
909:
908:
903:
898:
894:
893:
883:
882:
879:
878:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
812:
810:
806:
805:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
780:Golgi membrane
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
734:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
698:
694:
693:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
666:
665:
647:
641:
640:
637:
636:
628:
627:
624:
623:
621:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
576:
565:
562:
561:
559:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
514:
502:
501:
493:
482:
476:
475:
472:RNA expression
464:
463:
460:
459:
451:
447:
446:
438:
435:
430:
424:
423:
414:
407:
401:
397:
396:
391:
385:
384:
376:
375:
363:
362:
359:
358:
350:
346:
345:
337:
334:
329:
323:
322:
313:
306:
300:
296:
295:
288:
282:
281:
273:
272:
260:
259:
216:
212:
211:
203:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
71:
70:
62:
61:
50:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6202:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6155:
6145:
6141:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5982:
5981:Rafutrombopag
5979:
5977:
5976:Lusutrombopag
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:Carbazochrome
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5911:
5908:
5907:combinations:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5781:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5720:
5715:
5713:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:Serum albumin
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5635:Ceruloplasmin
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5567:
5565:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5450:Serum albumin
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5388:Thyroglobulin
5386:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5346:Microglobulin
5343:
5342:Macroglobulin
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5174:Ceruloplasmin
5171:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:noninhibitory
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4700:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4414:Proteopedia:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4358:(3): 514–21.
4357:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4315:(3): 249–57.
4314:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4282:(1–2): 1–13.
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:(1–2): 90–7.
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4043:(3): 419–25.
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:(12): 411–7.
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:(2): 129–38.
3931:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3890:(6): 466–72.
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3833:Pharmaceutics
3830:
3823:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3702:(3): 875–80.
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3682:public domain
3664:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3570:"Prolastin-C"
3565:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3340:Health Canada
3336:
3330:
3327:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3196:1-000-14197-7
3192:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:(12): 694–8.
3121:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:(3): 259–64.
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:Axelsson and
2595:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2561:
2554:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2478:ECHA InfoCard
2474:
2466:
2462:
2461:DTXSID2040810
2458:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2433:RCSB PDB
2428:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2406:ChEMBL4297879
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2284: Rx-only
2277:
2275:
2265:
2262:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:Clinical data
2107:
2103:
2098:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:alpha helices
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1692:A1AT is a 52-
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1604:chromosome 14
1601:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:RefSeq (mRNA)
1053:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1004:
997:
996:
991:
987:
984:
978:
977:
973:
968:
964:
961:
959:
955:
948:
947:
942:
938:
935:
929:
928:
923:
919:
916:
914:
910:
907:
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
877:
873:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
811:
808:
807:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
735:
732:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:Gene ontology
688:
684:
672:
667:
663:
656:
651:
648:
646:
642:
634:
629:
618:
614:
610:
607:lobe of liver
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:
578:
574:
569:
566:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
516:
512:
507:
504:
503:
500:
498:
494:
492:
491:
487:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
457:
452:
448:
444:
439:
429:
425:
418:
411:
405:
398:
390:
386:
382:
377:
373:
368:
364:
356:
351:
347:
343:
338:
328:
324:
317:
310:
304:
297:
293:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
208:
201:
196:
191:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6185:Orphan drugs
6110:C1-inhibitor
6092:
6068:
5966:Avatrombopag
5953:
5949:Fostamatinib
5906:
5900:Catridecacog
5891:I/Fibrinogen
5877:
5871:Eptacog alfa
5863:
5856:Nonacog alfa
5808:
5785:Menadione (K
5531:
5140:Antithrombin
5032:
4777:C1-inhibitor
4772:Antithrombin
4698:
4683:
4668:
4653:
4638:
4623:
4608:
4593:
4578:
4563:
4548:
4533:
4518:
4503:
4488:
4429:
4423:
4415:
4355:
4351:
4312:
4308:
4279:
4275:
4240:
4236:
4197:
4193:
4164:
4160:
4138:(2): 89–92.
4135:
4131:
4101:(1): 33–41.
4098:
4094:
4069:
4065:
4040:
4036:
3995:
3991:
3966:
3962:
3929:
3925:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3839:(12): 2754.
3836:
3832:
3822:
3790:(3): 272–9.
3787:
3783:
3773:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3667:. Retrieved
3655:
3623:. Retrieved
3610:
3586:. Retrieved
3573:
3549:. Retrieved
3536:
3512:. Retrieved
3499:
3475:. Retrieved
3462:
3438:. Retrieved
3425:
3422:"Aralast NP"
3401:. Retrieved
3392:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3366:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3338:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3312:
3303:
3291:. Retrieved
3282:
3273:
3261:. Retrieved
3252:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3186:
3180:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3033:
3029:
3019:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2945:
2941:
2924:
2917:. Retrieved
2908:
2899:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2599:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2571:blood plasma
2568:
2557:
2217:Legal status
2211:Legal status
2143:License data
2088:Medical uses
2083:
2016:
2015:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1986:heterozygote
1980:of the A1AT
1975:
1966:
1964:
1942:
1938:turbidimetry
1935:
1924:
1900:carbamylated
1889:
1882:
1862:antithrombin
1851:
1844:
1842:
1807:
1757:
1753:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1691:
1624:
1608:
1597:
1583:
1581:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1549:
1548:, the third
1545:
1537:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1496:
1493:Nomenclature
1455:
1451:
1404:
1396:inflammatory
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1309:-antitrypsin
1304:
1300:
1299:
1221:NP_001239498
1214:
1196:NP_001121179
1192:NP_001121178
1188:NP_001121177
1184:NP_001121176
1180:NP_001121175
1176:NP_001121174
1173:
1166:NP_001121173
1162:NP_001121172
1158:NP_001002236
1154:NP_001002235
1127:
1109:NM_001127706
1105:NM_001127705
1101:NM_001127704
1097:NM_001127703
1093:NM_001127702
1089:NM_001127701
1086:
1079:NM_001127700
1075:NM_001002236
1071:NM_001002235
1063:NM_001127707
1038:
1019:
993:
970:
944:
925:
905:
900:
599:human kidney
595:right kidney
549:human kidney
495:
488:
454:103,739,851
441:103,729,853
215:External IDs
74:
18:
6125:Ulinastatin
6070:amino acids
6027:Fibrin glue
6018:Epinephrine
5971:Eltrombopag
5961:Romiplostim
5886:II/Thrombin
5799:Coagulation
5751:coagulation
5691:Transferrin
5670:Orosomucoid
5655:Haptoglobin
5499:Parvalbumin
5489:Lactalbumin
5381:Lactoferrin
5332:Fibronectin
5289:Plasminogen
5269:Angiostatin
5250:Transferrin
5210:Haptoglobin
5199:Orosomucoid
5167:Transcortin
5007:Transcortin
4471:PDB gallery
4167:(2): 93–8.
3533:"Prolastin"
2989:Exp Hematol
2624:Orosomucoid
2590:Recombinant
2551: g·mol
2484:100.029.919
2295:Identifiers
2180:Intravenous
2115:Trade names
2009:stands for
1925:A1AT has a
1898:toward the
1864:(a related
1768:beta sheets
1606:(14q32.1).
1483:Recombinant
541:gallbladder
537:granulocyte
353:94,390,693
340:94,376,747
193:Identifiers
6164:Categories
6022:adrenalone
5944:Etamsylate
5939:Concizumab
5929:Batroxobin
5864:extrinsic:
5809:intrinsic:
5468:Prealbumin
5430:Conalbumin
4750:inhibitory
4352:Hepatology
3205:1164833220
2942:Proteomics
2919:13 October
2676:, May 2017
2655:, May 2017
2631:References
2540:Molar mass
2417:PDB ligand
2386:F43I396OIS
2361:ChemSpider
2321:CAS Number
2304:IUPAC name
2250:Schedule D
2029:polymerise
2025:proteasome
2002:MM, where
1993:blood test
1962:gradient.
1908:arthralgia
1858:Pittsburgh
1826:methionine
1780:polymerise
1729:covalently
1639:Asparagine
1627:glycoforms
1579:1 region.
1503:covalently
1429:, such as
1419:elasticity
1378:(not just
816:hemostasis
499:(ortholog)
236:HomoloGene
6121:unsorted
6100:Aprotinin
5768:Vitamin K
5665:Hemopexin
5435:Ovalbumin
5422:Egg white
5294:Properdin
5274:Hemopexin
5204:alpha-2 (
5197:alpha-1 (
5172:alpha-2 (
5165:alpha-1 (
5087:globulins
5033:see also
5002:Ovalbumin
4896:SERPINB13
4891:SERPINB10
4839:SERPINA14
3607:"Zemaira"
3496:"Glassia"
3459:"Aralast"
3223:Drugs.com
3158:: 77–84.
2330:9041-92-3
2173:Routes of
2135:Monograph
2129:Drugs.com
2074:glutamate
2063:glutamate
1945:phenotype
1915:biomarker
1912:antigenic
1850:, termed
1776:Mutations
1758:Like all
1674:UniProtKB
1643:UniProtKB
1621:Structure
1615:Europeans
1562:globulins
1524:The term
1507:peptidase
1501:in vitro
1443:cirrhosis
1405:When the
1376:proteases
1225:NP_033269
1217:NP_033272
1150:NP_000286
1130:NM_009246
1067:NM_000295
891:Orthologs
244:GeneCards
6154:Medicine
6115:Camostat
6042:Thrombin
6013:Collagen
5922:systemic
5760:Systemic
5679:Negative
5645:Ferritin
5532:see also
5413:Albumins
5284:Factor H
4948:SERPINI2
4943:SERPINI1
4938:SERPINH1
4933:SERPING1
4928:SERPINF1
4923:SERPINE2
4918:SERPINE2
4913:SERPINE1
4908:SERPIND1
4903:SERPINC1
4886:SERPINB9
4881:SERPINB8
4876:SERPINB7
4871:SERPINB6
4866:SERPINB5
4861:SERPINB4
4856:SERPINB3
4851:SERPINB2
4846:SERPINB1
4834:SERPINA9
4829:SERPINA5
4824:SERPINA4
4819:SERPINA3
4814:SERPINA2
4809:SERPINA1
4430:SERPINA1
4424:SERPINA1
4405:Archived
4382:37875821
4374:16044402
4339:16011217
4296:15653097
4267:12464660
4224:12464659
4181:12023832
4152:12023831
4115:11202478
4086:10708851
4028:11904305
3954:34243822
3865:36559248
3814:32726075
3765:30775428
3716:10713018
3663:Archived
3619:Archived
3582:Archived
3545:Archived
3508:Archived
3471:Archived
3434:Archived
3397:Archived
3347:25 March
3319:31 March
3293:10 April
3287:Archived
3257:Archived
3227:Archived
3172:28291659
3101:10867014
3060:14985567
3011:12225788
2970:25498702
2962:16622833
2913:Archived
2891:28626366
2842:15795238
2793:25351931
2744:12475206
2672:–
2651:–
2612:See also
2560:(verify)
2341:DrugBank
2187:ATC code
2157:DailyMed
2021:genotype
1921:Analysis
1917:for RA.
1828:358 of α
1741:elastase
1701:medicine
1699:and, in
1688:Function
1678:cysteine
1670:cysteine
1594:Genetics
1538:clusters
1511:duodenum
1447:children
1341:SERPINA1
1273:Wikidata
870:Sources:
611:yolk sac
557:appendix
545:duodenum
533:monocyte
332:14q32.13
248:SERPINA1
207:SERPINA1
24:SERPINA1
6094:serpins
5878:common:
5801:factors
5586:Amyloid
5356:Edestin
5130:alpha-2
5116:alpha-1
5106:serpins
4743:Serpins
4402:I04.001
4330:4952210
4123:2458903
4057:9466920
4020:7045697
4000:Bibcode
3983:2696185
3946:2669992
3906:4158556
3897:1932630
3856:9784676
3805:7857706
3756:6373587
3373:1 April
3263:9 April
3136:6604220
3051:1746953
2882:5473067
2833:2213124
2784:4298394
2674:Ensembl
2653:Ensembl
2606:allelic
2602:Laurell
2596:History
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2246: /
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1666:protein
1662:epitope
1647:glycans
1635:glycans
1631:glycans
1575:of the
1573:protein
1542:albumin
1526:alpha-1
1499:trypsin
1421:in the
1415:elastin
1392:enzymes
1388:tissues
1380:trypsin
1333:protein
1331:) is a
1007:UniProt
958:Ensembl
897:Species
876:QuickGO
603:Hindgut
474:pattern
200:Aliases
6140:Portal
5650:Fibrin
5440:Avidin
5334:(fFN:
5261:other:
5190:other:
4997:Maspin
4971:SCCA-1
4421:Human
4398:MEROPS
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3625:11 May
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3477:11 May
3440:11 May
3403:11 May
3233:11 May
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2244:℞-only
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2067:lysine
1978:copies
1866:serpin
1747:fiber
1697:serpin
1655:fucose
1590:-PI).
1465:. The
1337:serpin
1259:search
1257:PubMed
1044:P07758
1040:Q00897
1021:P01009
913:Entrez
645:BioGPS
615:midgut
232:891968
224:107400
5996:Local
5920:Other
5504:Ricin
5477:Other
5325:Other
5084:Serum
4378:S2CID
4119:S2CID
4024:S2CID
3950:S2CID
3696:Chest
3659:(EMA)
3615:(FDA)
3611:U.S.
3578:(FDA)
3574:U.S.
3541:(FDA)
3537:U.S.
3504:(FDA)
3500:U.S.
3467:(FDA)
3463:U.S.
3430:(FDA)
3426:U.S.
3393:(emc)
2966:S2CID
2424:KB2 (
1947:. As
1812:, an
1784:liver
1680:by a
1641:107 (
1569:alpha
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1477:alpha
1435:liver
1423:lungs
1407:blood
1390:from
1364:alpha
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1327:, or
946:20703
906:Mouse
901:Human
872:Amigo
591:liver
525:blood
497:Mouse
490:Human
437:Start
372:Mouse
336:Start
269:Human
240:20103
5896:XIII
5814:VIII
5022:PEDF
4976:CrmA
4966:MENT
4699:9api
4684:8api
4669:7api
4654:2d26
4639:1qmb
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4609:1psi
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4177:PMID
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4016:PMID
3979:PMID
3942:PMID
3902:PMID
3861:PMID
3810:PMID
3761:PMID
3712:PMID
3671:2020
3627:2020
3590:2020
3553:2020
3516:2020
3479:2020
3442:2020
3405:2020
3375:2024
3349:2024
3321:2024
3295:2023
3265:2023
3235:2020
3201:OCLC
3191:ISBN
3168:PMID
3132:PMID
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2958:PMID
2921:2022
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2368:none
2125:AHFS
1984:, a
1982:gene
1834:gene
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1600:gene
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