318:
295:
192:
217:
324:
223:
1477:
63:
2291:
Blacker D, Wilcox MA, Laird NM, Rodes L, Horvath SM, Go RC, Perry R, Watson B, Bassett SS, McInnis MG, Albert MS, Hyman BT, Tanzi RE (August 1998). "Alpha-2 macroglobulin is genetically associated with
Alzheimer disease".
1201:-macroglobulin may act as a carrier protein because it also binds to numerous growth factors and cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, TGF-β, insulin, and IL-1β.
1891:
Devriendt K, Van den Berghe H, Cassiman JJ, Marynen P (1991). "Primary structure of pregnancy zone protein. Molecular cloning of a full-length PZP cDNA clone by the polymerase chain reaction".
2008:
Enghild JJ, Thøgersen IB, Roche PA, Pizzo SV (February 1989). "A conserved region in alpha-macroglobulins participates in binding to the mammalian alpha-macroglobulin receptor".
2045:"Human pregnancy zone protein and alpha 2-macroglobulin. High-affinity binding of complexes to the same receptor on fibroblasts and characterization by monoclonal antibodies"
2926:
331:
230:
1263:-macroglobulin is composed of several functional domains, including macroglobulin domains, a thiol ester-containing domain and a receptor-binding domain. Overall, α
3115:
2960:
1395:. Two additional events occur as a consequence of bait region cleavage, namely (1) the h-cysteinyl-g-glutamyl thiol ester becomes highly reactive and (2) a major
1185:-Macroglobulin acts as an antiprotease and is able to inactivate an enormous variety of proteinases. It functions as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis by inhibiting
3507:
2458:
848:
153:
829:
2086:"Alpha-2-macroglobulin functions as an inhibitor of fibrinolytic, clotting, and neutrophilic proteinases in sepsis: studies using a baboon model"
1650:
1212:-macroglobulin rises 10-fold or more in the nephrotic syndrome when other lower molecular weight proteins are lost in the urine. The loss of α
3587:
1220:-macroglobulin reaches serum levels equal to or greater than those of albumin in the nephrotic syndrome, which has the effect of maintaining
1761:
Dodds AW, Law SK (December 1998). "The phylogeny and evolution of the thioester bond-containing proteins C3, C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin".
3376:
1632:
2233:"Serum alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-inhibitor 3 concentrations are increased in hypoalbuminemia by post-transcriptional mechanisms"
317:
3108:
2953:
1079:
3502:
2133:
Liu N, Lo LS, Askary SH, Jones L, Kidane TZ, Nguyen TT, Goforth J, Chu YH, Vivas E, Tsai M, Westbrook T, Linder MC (September 2007).
1465:-Macroglobulin has in its structure a 35 amino acid "bait" region. Proteinases binding and cleaving the bait region become bound to α
1344:-macroglobulin molecule, or a homologous protein, that contains scissile peptide bonds for those proteinases that it inhibits) and a
3424:
3419:
2409:
1072:
3553:
294:
1422:
and be removed from circulation. Tetrameric, dimeric, and, more recently, monomeric αM protease inhibitors have been identified.
1204:
No specific deficiency with associated disease has been recognized, and no disease state is attributed to low concentrations of α
1532:-macroglobulin concentration increases. This increase has little adverse effect on the health but is used as a diagnostic clue.
1348:
ester, (3) a similar protease inhibitory mechanism and (4) the inactivation of the inhibitory capacity by reaction of the thiol
3381:
3217:
2451:
1619:
1598:
3157:
2905:
1325:
inhibitor family I39, clan IL. These protease inhibitors share several defining properties, which include (1) the ability to
216:
191:
1615:
60:
3592:
3457:
3101:
2946:
2421:
1594:
3409:
2636:
1357:
1303:
133:
3051:
1807:
Armstrong PB, Quigley JP (1999). "Alpha2-macroglobulin: an evolutionarily conserved arm of the innate immune system".
2444:
1844:"Human alpha2-macroglobulin is composed of multiple domains, as predicted by homology with complement component C3"
330:
229:
2184:"Transcupreins are serum copper-transporters of the macroglobulin family, and may be regulated by iron and copper"
3497:
2985:
2900:
2272:
323:
222:
3006:
2511:
2403:
1392:
893:
141:
2794:
2571:
1419:
1404:
874:
3323:
3319:
1551:
1543:
1516:-Macroglobulin levels are increased when the serum albumin levels are low, which is most commonly seen in
1279:
3182:
3151:
3016:
1377:
205:
2084:
de Boer JP, Creasey AA, Chang A, Abbink JJ, Roem D, Eerenberg AJ, Hack CE, Taylor FB (December 1993).
1717:
Sottrup-Jensen L, Stepanik TM, Kristensen T, Wierzbicki DM, Jones CM, Lønblad PB, et al. (1984).
3479:
2854:
2670:
1171:
3489:
3466:
3447:
3429:
3124:
3077:
3011:
2969:
2849:
2789:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2427:
2415:
1438:
1434:
1407:
1271:
1034:
1030:
1026:
975:
971:
967:
3132:
3021:
2875:
2767:
2399:
2376:
McPherson & Pincus: Henry's
Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st ed.
2360:
2317:
2213:
1786:
1699:
1539:-Macroglobulin with normal amount of albumin mainly indicates acute and/or chronic inflammation.
1517:
1400:
1310:
165:
120:
1969:"Proteinase binding and inhibition by the monomeric alpha-macroglobulin rat alpha 1-inhibitor-3"
1295:
1055:
1022:
996:
963:
3517:
3474:
2884:
2784:
2727:
2352:
2309:
2254:
2205:
2164:
2115:
2066:
2025:
1990:
1949:
1908:
1873:
1824:
1778:
1740:
1691:
1442:
1430:
1415:
1396:
1249:
113:
53:
3530:
3525:
2467:
2344:
2301:
2244:
2195:
2154:
2146:
2105:
2097:
2056:
2017:
1980:
1939:
1900:
1863:
1855:
1816:
1770:
1730:
1681:
1365:
1326:
1221:
410:
341:
285:
240:
2394:
1528:-macroglobulin is retained in the bloodstream. Increased production of all proteins means α
3197:
3176:
3162:
3031:
2990:
2626:
2547:
1411:
385:
1380:
such that the αM collapses about the protease. In the resulting αM-protease complex, the
161:
3535:
2742:
2699:
2616:
2521:
2507:
2487:
2159:
2134:
1928:"Alpha-macroglobulins: structure, shape, and mechanism of proteinase complex formation"
1868:
1843:
1774:
1385:
1299:
1151:
2348:
2110:
2085:
2061:
2044:
1985:
1968:
1944:
1927:
1820:
1735:
1718:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
3581:
3348:
3272:
3227:
3026:
2859:
2841:
2779:
2737:
2733:
2565:
2249:
2232:
2101:
1904:
1480:
Fibrinolysis (simplified). Blue arrows denote stimulation, and red arrows inhibition.
1369:
588:
2364:
2321:
2217:
1790:
1703:
145:
17:
3545:
3391:
3356:
2531:
2475:
1670:"Low resolution X-ray structure of human methylamine-treated alpha 2-macroglobulin"
1446:
1429:-Macroglobulin is able to inactivate an enormous variety of proteinases (including
1307:
403:
182:
2150:
1216:-macroglobulin into urine is prevented by its large size. The net result is that α
2335:
Kovacs DM (July 2000). "alpha2-macroglobulin in late-onset
Alzheimer's disease".
2182:
Liu Nm, Nguyen T, Kidane T, Moriya M, Goforth J, Chu A, Linder M (6 March 2006).
169:
3399:
3334:
3305:
3287:
3262:
3252:
3207:
3141:
3082:
3061:
3046:
2890:
2880:
2772:
2723:
2660:
2641:
2601:
2590:
2558:
1655:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1637:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1454:
1381:
1373:
1337:
1167:
1163:
2281:
Last reviewed on: 1/25/2022. Reviewed by: Todd
Gersten, MD, and David Zieve, MD
2200:
2183:
1267:-macroglobulin is the largest major nonimmunoglobulin protein in human plasma.
486:
3315:
3277:
3237:
3232:
3222:
2821:
1562:
1322:
1190:
302:
199:
149:
2209:
1719:"Primary structure of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. V. The complete structure"
1686:
1669:
1473:
M complex is recognised by macrophage receptors and cleared from the system.
3414:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3247:
3242:
3056:
2826:
2813:
2685:
2665:
1524:
start to leak out some of the smaller blood proteins. Because of its size, α
1372:
of the bait region, a segment of the αM that is particularly susceptible to
1333:
793:
546:
424:
369:
356:
268:
255:
157:
2356:
2168:
2135:"Transcuprein is a macroglobulin regulated by copper and iron availability"
1877:
1828:
1668:
Andersen GR, Koch TJ, Dolmer K, Sottrup-Jensen L, Nyborg J (October 1995).
2313:
2258:
2119:
2070:
2029:
1994:
1953:
1912:
1782:
1744:
1695:
1476:
1336:
classes, (2) the presence of a 'bait region' (also known as a sequence of
1119:
3310:
3300:
3295:
3036:
2707:
2675:
2478:
1496:
in plasma, even more strongly than albumin, and such it is also known as
1458:
1329:
1241:
1194:
1103:
938:
919:
2021:
1236:-macroglobulin is composed of four identical subunits bound together by
3562:
3404:
2977:
2938:
2804:
2747:
2680:
1859:
1450:
1389:
1253:
1237:
1186:
905:
860:
3093:
1114:
90:
86:
82:
3329:
3186:
3041:
2831:
2497:
2390:
1521:
1493:
1361:
1087:
815:
2436:
1893:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression
124:, A2MD, CPAMD5, FWP007, S863-7, transcuprein, alpha-2-macroglobulin
3171:
3166:
2895:
1573:) from the circulation via scavenger receptors on the phagocytes.
1570:
1566:
1475:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1159:
1155:
2305:
778:
774:
3191:
1489:
1278:-macroglobulin has been shown to be 71% the same as that of the
137:
3097:
2942:
2440:
3377:
Protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI) (inhibits FX, FXI)
2043:
Van Leuven F, Cassiman JJ, Van den Berghe H (December 1986).
1967:
Enghild JJ, Salvesen G, Thøgersen IB, Pizzo SV (July 1989).
1561:-Macroglobulin binds to and removes the active forms of the
1193:. It functions as an inhibitor of coagulation by inhibiting
749:
negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
2379:
Firestein: Kelley's
Textbook of Rheumatology, 8th edition.
393:
754:
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
3382:
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (inhibits FIII)
1500:. 10 to 15% of copper in human plasma is chelated by α
2393:
online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:
558:
3544:
3516:
3488:
3465:
3456:
3390:
3347:
3286:
3261:
3206:
3140:
3131:
3070:
2999:
2976:
2868:
2840:
2812:
2803:
2760:
2716:
2698:
2651:
2624:
2615:
2580:
2545:
2495:
2486:
2474:
1410:domain (RBD). RBD exposure allows the αM protease
1048:
1015:
989:
956:
3448:Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)
2231:Stevenson FT, Greene S, Kaysen GA (January 1998).
1611:
1609:
1607:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1388:shielded, thus substantially decreasing access to
3508:Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC–PCI)
340:
239:
1453:and kallikrein. It functions as an inhibitor of
3357:Antithrombin (inhibits FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII)
1802:
1800:
1616:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030111
3109:
2954:
2452:
1756:
1754:
1256:αM protease inhibitors have been identified.
764:negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
8:
632:serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
1595:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175899
3462:
3137:
3116:
3102:
3094:
2961:
2947:
2939:
2809:
2621:
2492:
2483:
2459:
2445:
2437:
1550:-macroglobulin leads to increased risk of
1282:(PZP; also known as pregnancy-associated α
789:
584:
381:
280:
177:
71:
3425:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)
3420:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
2927:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
2402:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2248:
2199:
2158:
2109:
2060:
1984:
1943:
1867:
1734:
1685:
729:negative regulation of peptidase activity
708:collagen-containing extracellular matrix
2277:Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2139:The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
1582:
27:Large plasma protein found in the blood
3218:High-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK)
1208:-macroglobulin. The concentration of α
759:positive regulation of GTPase activity
31:
345:
306:
301:
244:
203:
198:
7:
724:blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
529:vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
3503:Thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT)
1445:). It functions as an inhibitor of
3410:Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
3367:Protein S (cofactor for protein C)
1775:10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01249.x
1162:, and also locally synthesized by
1045:
1012:
986:
953:
929:
910:
884:
865:
839:
820:
563:
513:choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
481:
419:
398:
25:
2273:"Protein electrophoresis - serum"
1174:. In humans it is encoded by the
617:calcium-dependent protein binding
2250:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00734.x
2102:10.1128/iai.61.12.5035-5043.1993
1488:-Macroglobulin is known to bind
739:extracellular matrix disassembly
647:endopeptidase inhibitor activity
329:
322:
316:
293:
228:
221:
215:
190:
3498:Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2)
3158:Platelet membrane glycoproteins
1158:. It is mainly produced by the
3362:Protein C (inhibits FV, FVIII)
2906:Extracellular matrix protein 1
1926:Sottrup-Jensen L (July 1989).
1321:M); they belong to the MEROPS
547:More reference expression data
1:
2349:10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00113-3
2151:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.005
2062:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)66612-8
1986:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60482-X
1945:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)80094-1
1821:10.1016/s0145-305x(99)00018-x
1736:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39730-2
642:tumor necrosis factor binding
314:
213:
3588:Genes on human chromosome 12
2637:Sex hormone-binding globulin
1905:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90157-h
1376:cleavage, which initiates a
698:platelet alpha granule lumen
602:peptidase inhibitor activity
509:Epithelium of choroid plexus
3238:Factor XII (Hageman factor)
3152:von Willebrand factor (vWF)
3052:Haptoglobin-related protein
2414:human gene location in the
1842:Doan N, Gettins PG (2007).
3609:
3558:-antiplasmin complex (PAP)
3273:Factor III (tissue factor)
2426:human gene details in the
2201:10.1096/fasebj.20.4.A553-d
1542:A common variant (29.5%) (
1520:, a condition wherein the
657:signaling receptor binding
525:retinal pigment epithelium
2918:
2901:Vitamin D-binding protein
1651:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1633:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1118:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1086:
1080:Chr 6: 121.61 – 121.66 Mb
1067:
1052:
1019:
1008:
993:
960:
949:
936:
932:
917:
913:
904:
891:
887:
872:
868:
859:
846:
842:
827:
823:
814:
799:
792:
788:
772:
744:stem cell differentiation
662:GTPase activator activity
587:
583:
571:
566:
557:
544:
493:
484:
451:Descending thoracic aorta
431:
422:
392:
384:
380:
363:
350:
313:
292:
283:
279:
262:
249:
212:
189:
180:
176:
131:
128:
118:
111:
106:
79:
74:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
3480:β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG)
3007:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2512:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
2404:Medical Subject Headings
1687:10.1074/jbc.270.42.25133
463:tendon of biceps brachii
3475:Platelet factor 4 (PF4)
3372:Protein Z (inhibits FX)
3306:Prothrombin (factor II)
2795:7S seed storage protein
2572:Retinol binding protein
1259:Each monomer of human α
443:upper lobe of left lung
3531:Fibrinopeptide B (FpB)
3526:Fibrinopeptide A (FpA)
3198:Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)
3163:Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)
1481:
1280:pregnancy zone protein
1073:Chr 12: 9.07 – 9.12 Mb
734:platelet degranulation
3349:Anticoagulant factors
3316:Fibrinogen (factor I)
3311:Thrombin (factor IIa)
3183:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
3177:Glycoprotein IX (GP9)
3144:(platelet activation)
3017:Alpha 2-macroglobulin
2598:alpha-2-Macroglobulin
2400:alpha+2-Macroglobulin
1479:
1378:conformational change
1150:is a large (720 KDa)
1148:alpha-2-macroglobulin
693:extracellular exosome
652:interleukin-1 binding
612:growth factor binding
607:interleukin-8 binding
471:right coronary artery
206:Chromosome 12 (human)
3593:Acute-phase proteins
3536:Fibrin monomers (FM)
3392:Fibrinolytic factors
3210:(contact activation)
2970:Acute-phase proteins
2855:Bovine serum albumin
2671:Beta-2 microglobulin
2237:Kidney International
1252:, and more recently
1172:adrenocortical cells
688:extracellular region
347:6 F1|6 57.49 cM
308:Chromosome 6 (mouse)
75:List of PDB id codes
48:Available structures
18:Alpha-macroglobulins
3490:Thrombin generation
3467:Platelet activation
3458:Coagulation markers
3133:Coagulation factors
3125:Coagulation cascade
3012:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
2850:Human serum albumin
2790:11S globulin family
2536:Heparin cofactor II
2526:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
2516:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
2428:UCSC Genome Browser
2416:UCSC Genome Browser
2022:10.1021/bi00429a069
1552:Alzheimer's disease
1469:M. The proteinase–α
1384:of the protease is
1358:protease inhibitors
1352:with small primary
1304:protease inhibitors
1272:amino acid sequence
703:extracellular space
683:blood microparticle
467:epithelium of colon
3330:Fibrin (factor Ia)
3142:Primary hemostasis
3022:C-reactive protein
2876:C-reactive protein
2768:Beta-lactoglobulin
1860:10.1042/BJ20070764
1809:Dev. Comp. Immunol
1518:nephrotic syndrome
1482:
1443:metalloproteinases
1368:involves protease
1306:, typified by the
1300:family of proteins
894:ENSMUSG00000030111
717:Biological process
671:Cellular component
595:Molecular function
439:upper lobe of lung
435:lower lobe of lung
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3518:Fibrin generation
3343:
3342:
3263:Extrinsic pathway
3208:Intrinsic pathway
3091:
3090:
2936:
2935:
2914:
2913:
2885:Alpha-lactalbumin
2785:Alpha-lactalbumin
2756:
2755:
2728:Fetal fibronectin
2694:
2693:
2611:
2610:
2468:Globular proteins
2188:The FASEB Journal
1399:change exposes a
1317:-macroglobulin (α
1240:. In addition to
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1098:
1097:
1063:
1062:
1042:
1041:
1004:
1003:
983:
982:
945:
944:
926:
925:
900:
899:
881:
880:
855:
854:
836:
835:
784:
783:
579:
578:
575:
574:
553:
552:
540:
539:
478:
477:
376:
375:
275:
274:
102:
101:
98:
97:
58:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
3600:
3463:
3138:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3095:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2810:
2654:
2630:
2627:carrier proteins
2622:
2583:
2551:
2548:carrier proteins
2501:
2493:
2484:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2438:
2369:
2368:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2203:
2194:(4): A553–A554.
2179:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1979:(19): 11428–35.
1964:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1938:(20): 11539–42.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1689:
1680:(42): 25133–41.
1665:
1659:
1658:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1613:
1602:
1592:
1535:An increase in α
1504:-macroglobulin.
1286:-glycoprotein).
1248:-macroglobulin,
1222:oncotic pressure
1111:
1110:
1082:
1075:
1058:
1046:
1037:
1013:
1009:RefSeq (protein)
999:
987:
978:
954:
930:
911:
885:
866:
840:
821:
790:
622:protease binding
585:
564:
549:
489:
487:Top expressed in
482:
427:
425:Top expressed in
420:
399:
382:
372:
359:
348:
333:
326:
320:
309:
297:
281:
271:
258:
247:
232:
225:
219:
208:
194:
178:
172:
123:
116:
93:
72:
66:
45:
44:
32:
21:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3567:
3557:
3540:
3512:
3484:
3452:
3442:
3433:
3386:
3339:
3282:
3265:(tissue factor)
3264:
3257:
3209:
3202:
3143:
3127:
3122:
3092:
3087:
3066:
2995:
2972:
2967:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2910:
2864:
2836:
2799:
2761:Other globulins
2752:
2712:
2708:Immunoglobulins
2690:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2625:
2607:
2581:
2576:
2546:
2541:
2496:
2488:Alpha globulins
2470:
2465:
2434:
2386:
2373:
2372:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2096:(12): 5035–43.
2083:
2082:
2078:
2055:(35): 16622–5.
2042:
2041:
2037:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1815:(4–5): 375–90.
1806:
1805:
1798:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1729:(13): 8318–27.
1716:
1715:
1711:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1614:
1605:
1593:
1584:
1579:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1428:
1364:hindrance. The
1343:
1320:
1316:
1296:α-macroglobulin
1292:
1285:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1247:
1235:
1230:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1184:
1143:
1135:
1120:View/Edit Mouse
1115:View/Edit Human
1078:
1071:
1068:Location (UCSC)
1054:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
995:
974:
970:
966:
962:
875:ENSG00000175899
768:
712:
666:
627:protein binding
545:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
485:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
455:visceral pleura
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
423:
367:
354:
346:
336:
335:
334:
327:
307:
284:Gene location (
266:
253:
245:
235:
234:
233:
226:
204:
181:Gene location (
170:A2M - orthologs
132:
119:
112:
81:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3443:-Macroglobulin
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3288:Common pathway
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3180:
3174:
3169:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
3000:Other positive
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2743:Transcobalamin
2740:
2731:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2700:Gamma globulin
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2619:
2617:Beta globulins
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2504:
2502:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2397:
2385:
2384:External links
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2327:
2283:
2264:
2223:
2174:
2145:(9): 597–608.
2125:
2076:
2035:
2016:(3): 1406–12.
2000:
1959:
1918:
1883:
1834:
1796:
1750:
1709:
1660:
1642:
1624:
1603:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1558:
1547:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1485:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:by inhibiting
1449:by inhibiting
1426:
1403:COOH-terminal
1397:conformational
1341:
1318:
1314:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1245:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1182:
1152:plasma protein
1141:
1136:-Macroglobulin
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
991:
990:
984:
981:
980:
958:
957:
951:
947:
946:
943:
942:
934:
933:
927:
924:
923:
915:
914:
908:
902:
901:
898:
897:
889:
888:
882:
879:
878:
870:
869:
863:
857:
856:
853:
852:
844:
843:
837:
834:
833:
825:
824:
818:
812:
811:
806:
801:
797:
796:
786:
785:
782:
781:
770:
769:
767:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
718:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
672:
668:
667:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:enzyme binding
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
598:
596:
592:
591:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
542:
541:
538:
537:
535:
534:
533:left lung lobe
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:corneal stroma
502:
498:
494:
491:
490:
479:
476:
475:
473:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
428:
416:
415:
407:
396:
390:
389:
386:RNA expression
378:
377:
374:
373:
365:
361:
360:
352:
349:
344:
338:
337:
328:
321:
315:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
290:
289:
277:
276:
273:
272:
264:
260:
259:
251:
248:
243:
237:
236:
227:
220:
214:
210:
209:
202:
196:
195:
187:
186:
174:
173:
130:
126:
125:
117:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
77:
76:
68:
67:
56:
50:
49:
41:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3605:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3437:
3435:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Prekallikrein
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Serum albumin
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Ceruloplasmin
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:Serum albumin
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Thyroglobulin
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Microglobulin
2735:
2734:Macroglobulin
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:Ceruloplasmin
2563:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:Exp. Gerontol
2331:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:(4): 357–60.
2299:
2295:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:Infect. Immun
2087:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:J. Biol. Chem
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:J. Biol. Chem
1970:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:J. Biol. Chem
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:(1): 95–103.
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:J. Biol. Chem
1671:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1492:, as well as
1491:
1478:
1474:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1418:to clearance
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:found in the
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
992:
988:
985:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
959:
955:
952:
950:RefSeq (mRNA)
948:
941:
940:
935:
931:
928:
922:
921:
916:
912:
909:
907:
903:
896:
895:
890:
886:
883:
877:
876:
871:
867:
864:
862:
858:
851:
850:
845:
841:
838:
832:
831:
826:
822:
819:
817:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
798:
795:
791:
787:
780:
776:
771:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
716:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:Gene ontology
586:
582:
570:
565:
562:
560:
556:
548:
543:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
492:
488:
483:
480:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
417:
414:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
366:
362:
358:
353:
343:
339:
332:
325:
319:
312:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
282:
278:
270:
265:
261:
257:
252:
242:
238:
231:
224:
218:
211:
207:
201:
197:
193:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
94:
92:
88:
84:
78:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3563:D-Dimer (DD)
3546:Fibrinolysis
3438:
3434:-Antiplasmin
3156:
2923:
2597:
2532:Antithrombin
2433:
2422:
2410:
2343:(4): 473–9.
2340:
2336:
2330:
2306:10.1038/1243
2297:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2267:
2243:(1): 67–75.
2240:
2236:
2226:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2013:
2010:Biochemistry
2009:
2003:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1854:(1): 23–30.
1851:
1847:
1837:
1812:
1808:
1766:
1763:Immunol. Rev
1762:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1556:
1544:polymorphism
1541:
1534:
1511:
1498:transcuprein
1497:
1483:
1447:fibrinolysis
1424:
1293:
1269:
1258:
1231:
1203:
1180:
1175:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1053:
1035:NP_001334354
1031:NP_001334353
1027:NP_001334352
1020:
994:
976:NM_001347425
972:NM_001347424
968:NM_001347423
961:
937:
918:
892:
873:
847:
828:
808:
803:
517:ciliary body
409:
402:
368:121,656,186
355:121,612,335
129:External IDs
80:
29:
3400:Plasminogen
3335:Factor XIII
3253:Factor VIII
3083:Transferrin
3062:Orosomucoid
3047:Haptoglobin
2891:Parvalbumin
2881:Lactalbumin
2773:Lactoferrin
2724:Fibronectin
2681:Plasminogen
2661:Angiostatin
2642:Transferrin
2602:Haptoglobin
2591:Orosomucoid
2559:Transcortin
1723:J Biol Chem
1455:coagulation
1382:active site
1374:proteolytic
1360:inhibit by
1338:amino acids
1238:-S-S- bonds
1168:fibroblasts
1164:macrophages
459:pericardium
107:Identifiers
3582:Categories
3278:Factor VII
3233:Kallikrein
3223:Bradykinin
2860:Prealbumin
2822:Conalbumin
2294:Nat. Genet
1622:, May 2017
1601:, May 2017
1577:References
1563:gelatinase
1393:substrates
1386:sterically
1323:proteinase
1311:tetrameric
1244:forms of α
1242:tetrameric
1191:kallikrein
447:right lung
413:(ortholog)
267:9,116,229
254:9,067,664
150:HomoloGene
3554:Plasmin-α
3415:Urokinase
3248:Factor IX
3243:Factor XI
3057:Hemopexin
2827:Ovalbumin
2814:Egg white
2686:Properdin
2666:Hemopexin
2596:alpha-2 (
2589:alpha-1 (
2564:alpha-2 (
2557:alpha-1 (
2479:globulins
2210:0892-6638
1848:Biochem J
1769:: 15–26.
1420:receptors
1401:conserved
1366:mechanism
1334:catalytic
1332:from all
1330:proteases
1302:includes
1254:monomeric
1228:Structure
1056:NP_783327
1023:NP_000005
997:NM_175628
964:NM_000014
794:Orthologs
158:GeneCards
3301:Factor V
3296:Factor X
3071:Negative
3037:Ferritin
2924:see also
2805:Albumins
2676:Factor H
2365:54409507
2357:10959035
2322:15628847
2218:90794136
2169:17363239
1878:17608619
1829:10426429
1791:84262599
1704:86387917
1618:–
1597:–
1459:thrombin
1439:aspartic
1435:cysteine
1405:receptor
1370:cleavage
1290:Function
1195:thrombin
1104:Wikidata
773:Sources:
497:gastrula
246:12p13.31
3405:Plasmin
2978:Amyloid
2748:Edestin
2522:alpha-2
2508:alpha-1
2498:serpins
2395:I39.001
2314:9697696
2259:9453001
2160:4286573
2120:7693593
2071:2430968
2030:2469470
1995:2472396
1954:2473064
1913:1989698
1869:2267405
1783:9914899
1745:6203908
1696:7559647
1620:Ensembl
1599:Ensembl
1522:kidneys
1508:Disease
1451:plasmin
1412:complex
1408:binding
1390:protein
1340:in an α
1327:inhibit
1250:dimeric
1232:Human α
1187:plasmin
906:UniProt
861:Ensembl
800:Species
779:QuickGO
678:cytosol
501:decidua
388:pattern
146:2449119
114:Aliases
3192:GPIIIa
3042:Fibrin
2832:Avidin
2726:(fFN:
2653:other:
2582:other:
2406:(MeSH)
2391:MEROPS
2363:
2355:
2320:
2312:
2257:
2216:
2208:
2167:
2157:
2118:
2111:281280
2108:
2069:
2028:
1993:
1952:
1911:
1876:
1866:
1827:
1789:
1781:
1743:
1702:
1694:
1546:) of α
1494:copper
1441:- and
1431:serine
1362:steric
1354:amines
1178:gene.
1170:, and
1090:search
1088:PubMed
939:Q6GQT1
920:P01023
849:232345
816:Entrez
559:BioGPS
138:103950
3187:GPIIb
3172:GP1BB
3167:GP1BA
2896:Ricin
2869:Other
2717:Other
2476:Serum
2361:S2CID
2318:S2CID
2214:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1700:S2CID
1571:MMP-9
1567:MMP-2
1356:. αM
1350:ester
1346:thiol
1308:human
1298:(αM)
1160:liver
1156:blood
1146:) or
809:Mouse
804:Human
775:Amigo
411:Mouse
404:Human
351:Start
286:Mouse
250:Start
183:Human
154:37248
2389:The
2353:PMID
2310:PMID
2255:PMID
2206:ISSN
2165:PMID
2116:PMID
2067:PMID
2026:PMID
1991:PMID
1950:PMID
1909:PMID
1897:1088
1874:PMID
1825:PMID
1779:PMID
1741:PMID
1692:PMID
1569:and
1490:zinc
1416:bind
1294:The
1274:of α
1270:The
1189:and
521:iris
394:Bgee
342:Band
303:Chr.
241:Band
200:Chr.
134:OMIM
91:1BV8
87:2P9R
83:4ACQ
64:RCSB
61:PDBe
3324:FGG
3320:FGA
2991:SAA
2986:SAP
2423:A2M
2411:A2M
2345:doi
2302:doi
2245:doi
2196:doi
2155:PMC
2147:doi
2106:PMC
2098:doi
2057:doi
2053:261
2018:doi
1981:doi
1977:264
1940:doi
1936:264
1901:doi
1864:PMC
1856:doi
1852:407
1817:doi
1771:doi
1767:166
1731:doi
1727:259
1682:doi
1678:270
1461:. α
1437:-,
1433:-,
1414:to
1197:. α
1176:A2M
567:n/a
364:End
263:End
166:OMA
162:A2M
142:MGI
121:A2M
54:PDB
35:A2M
3584::
3322:,
3032:C3
2600:,
2514:,
2359:.
2351:.
2341:35
2339:.
2316:.
2308:.
2298:19
2296:.
2275:.
2253:.
2241:53
2239:.
2235:.
2212:.
2204:.
2192:20
2190:.
2186:.
2163:.
2153:.
2143:18
2141:.
2137:.
2114:.
2104:.
2094:61
2092:.
2088:.
2065:.
2051:.
2047:.
2024:.
2014:28
2012:.
1989:.
1975:.
1971:.
1948:.
1934:.
1930:.
1907:.
1895:.
1872:.
1862:.
1850:.
1846:.
1823:.
1813:23
1811:.
1799:^
1785:.
1777:.
1765:.
1753:^
1739:.
1725:.
1721:.
1698:.
1690:.
1676:.
1672:.
1653:.
1635:.
1606:^
1585:^
1554:.
1224:.
1166:,
777:/
370:bp
357:bp
269:bp
256:bp
164:;
160::
156:;
152::
148:;
144::
140:;
136::
89:,
85:,
3556:2
3441:2
3439:α
3432:2
3430:α
3326:)
3318:(
3194:)
3185:(
3179:)
3165:(
3160::
3117:e
3110:t
3103:v
2962:e
2955:t
2948:v
2887:)
2883:(
2736:/
2730:)
2629::
2604:)
2593:)
2568:)
2561:)
2550::
2538:)
2534:(
2528:)
2524:(
2518:)
2510:(
2500::
2460:e
2453:t
2446:v
2430:.
2418:.
2367:.
2347::
2324:.
2304::
2279:.
2261:.
2247::
2220:.
2198::
2171:.
2149::
2122:.
2100::
2073:.
2059::
2032:.
2020::
1997:.
1983::
1956:.
1942::
1915:.
1903::
1880:.
1858::
1831:.
1819::
1793:.
1773::
1747:.
1733::
1706:.
1684::
1657:.
1639:.
1565:(
1559:2
1557:α
1548:2
1537:2
1530:2
1526:2
1514:2
1512:α
1502:2
1486:2
1484:α
1471:2
1467:2
1463:2
1427:2
1425:α
1342:2
1319:2
1315:2
1313:α
1284:2
1276:2
1265:2
1261:2
1246:2
1234:2
1218:2
1214:2
1210:2
1206:2
1199:2
1183:2
1181:α
1144:M
1142:2
1140:α
1138:(
1134:2
1132:α
830:2
288:)
185:)
168::
20:)
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