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Alpha and beta male

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or "marrying up" among women whereby they prefer and have sex with "alpha" males but settle for less attractive "beta" males for financial reasons. Sometimes it expresses a belief that women marry beta males to exploit them financially, while continuing to have
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The terms were used almost solely in animal ethology prior to the 1990s, particularly in regard to mating privileges with females, ability to hold territory, and hierarchy in terms of food consumption within their herd or flock. In animal ethology,
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Taken together, the research suggests that the ideal man (for a date or romantic partner) is one who is assertive, confident, easygoing, and sensitive, without being aggressive, demanding, dominant, quiet, shy, or submissive. In other words, a
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with bizarre and nonsensical actions being considered part of the sigma male mindset or "grindset". On social media, the term is often used to describe idealistic, masculine fictional characters from films and TV shows. Notably, actor
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has been used largely among incels to refer to revenge by members of their community who have been overlooked by women. It is also sometimes used to describe a movement to overthrow what they view as an oppressive, feminist society. A
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is a beta male who invests time and effort into mingling with women in the hope of eventually getting into a romantic relationship or having sex with them. The term earned some media attention in 2019 with the
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Gese, Eric M.; Ruff, Robert L.; Crabtree, Robert L. (1996). "Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans): the influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy".
1134:"'I Want to Kill You in Front of Your Children' Is Not a Threat. It's an Expression of a Desire': Discourses of Online Abuse, Trolling, and Violence on r/MensRights" 3168: 2351: 1763: 2010: 1838: 215:
The view that there is a dominance hierarchy among humans consisting of "alpha males" and "beta males" is sometimes reported in the mainstream media. The term
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Ging, Debbie (2019). "Bros v. Hos: Postfeminism, Anti-feminism and the Toxic Turn in Digital Gender Politics". In Ging, Debbie; Siapera, Eugenia (eds.).
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with alpha males. Ging explains these beliefs as an effort by young men in the Western world to cope with their limited economic prospects following the
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is also often used among manosphere communities to refer to men they consider easily taken advantage of or ignored by women. Its usage is inconsistent;
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scholar Debbie Ging has described the communities' theories about "alpha, beta, omega, and zeta masculinity" as "confused and contradictory".
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The term sigma male has also taken on an ironic and satirical meaning, often mocking the concept of the "manosphere" and the ideas of
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Jones, Callum; Trott, Verity; Wright, Scott (2020). "Sluts and soyboys: MGTOW and the production of misogynistic online harassment".
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Van Valkenburgh, Shawn P. (December 4, 2018). "Digesting the Red Pill: Masculinity and Neoliberalism in the Manosphere".
3714: 3064: 3026: 4127: 3997: 3428: 3303: 3015: 2662: 2332: 1744: 843: 578:"The myth of the alpha male: A new look at dominance-related beliefs and behaviors among adolescent males and females" 3801: 3288: 1864: 1195:(2017). "Systemic misogyny exposed: Translating Rapeglish from the Manosphere with a Random Rape Threat Generator". 616: 3833: 3578: 3147: 3137: 3117: 3112: 880: 161:, discussed its parallels to human power hierarchies. In the early 1990s, some media outlets began to use the term 878:
Davies, N. B. (1984). "Cooperation and conflict among dunnocks, Prunella modularis, in a variable mating system".
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page just prior to the attack, "the Incel Rebellion has already begun". Media outlets have used the terms
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is often cited as an ideal representation of a "sigma male", both through memes and unironic discussion.
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The Persistence of Global Masculinism: Discourse, Gender and Neo-Colonial Re-Articulations of Violence
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colony could possibly be applied to human interactions. Some commentary on the book, including in the
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to refer to acts of violence perpetrated by members of manosphere communities, particularly incels.
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Politics of Meaning/Meaning of Politics: Cultural Sociology of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
70:). The popularization of these terms to describe humans has been widely criticized by scientists. 3977: 3879: 3869: 3602: 3553: 3523: 3488: 3478: 3338: 2879: 2524: 2512: 2392: 2377: 1750: 1582: 1359: 1311: 1220: 1163: 1141: 897: 765: 733: 672: 650: 597: 487: 430: 3693: 281: 505:
In 2018, the term appeared on YouTube and in 2021 it went viral after a tweet by Lily Simpson.
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Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan And Tumblr To Trump And The Alt-Right
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to refer to humans, specifically to "manly" men who excelled in business. Journalist
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List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges
2965: 2703: 2607: 2317: 2302: 2219: 2214: 2172: 2167: 2157: 1241: 1047: 1010:"The sexist pseudoscience of pick-up artists: the dangers of 'alpha male' thinking" 946: 536: 392: 388: 332: 321:. Members of the pickup artist (PUA) communities use it to refer to men who cannot 264:, a collection of websites, blogs, and online forums promoting masculinity, strong 190: 166: 1890: 755: 313:
s". Some manosphere groups refer to members of other groups in the manosphere as
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attractive to women for both short-term affairs and long-term relationships.
3987: 3972: 3398: 2784: 2716: 2672: 2126: 1745:"What Is an Incel? A Term Used by the Toronto Van Attack Suspect, Explained" 1192: 822: 371: 322: 109:, but has since turned into a joke and negative term, often being used with 1284:"Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere" 1379:
Digital Feminist Activism: Girls and Women Fight Back Against Rape Culture
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but exists outside the alpha-beta male hierarchy as a "lone wolf". In the
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refers to an animal who is subordinate to a higher-ranking members in the
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Online Othering: Exploring Digital Violence and Discrimination on the Web
501:. Later, California plastic surgeon John T. Alexander published the book 479: 434: 327: 304: 224: 220: 63: 1916:"TikTok Is Obsessed With Sigma Males, but What Exactly Is a Sigma Male?" 4066: 3936: 3884: 3812: 3543: 3208: 2728: 2698: 2618: 2297: 918:"How America Became Infatuated With a Cartoonish Idea of 'Alpha Males'" 658: 498: 345: 186: 3806: 2597: 2427: 2402: 2239: 2063:"Sigma or Killer? The Truth Behind American Psycho's Patrick Bateman" 856: 3967: 3607: 2739: 2587: 2567: 2555: 2497: 2422: 791: 483: 318: 175:
magazine, attributes the popular awareness of the terms to a 1999
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is used as a pejorative self-identifier among some members of the
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during the late 2010s and early 2020s, and has inspired numerous
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is sometimes used as self-identifier among men who do not embody
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Not All Dead White Men: Classics and Misogyny in the Digital Age
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women. Similar terms used by the manosphere communities include
185:, who was at the time an advisor to then-presidential candidate 3755: 2099: 2082:"The Rise of the 'Sigma Male', a New Kind of Toxic Masculinity" 1377:
Mendes, Kaitlynn; Ringrose, Jessica; Keller, Jessalynn (2019).
2011:"Rise and grind: how 'sigma males' are upturning the internet" 1839:"Rise and grind: how 'sigma males' are upturning the internet" 576:
Hawley, P. H.; Little, Todd D.; Card, Noel A. (January 2008).
467: 55: 3751: 1283: 30:"Beta male" redirects here. For the ethological concept, see 2095: 486:. It is used to denote a male who is equally dominant to an 433:, was allegedly perpetrated by a man who had posted on his 497:
The term first appeared in a blog post by American writer
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Misconceptions about "alpha males" are common within the
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Gender Hate Online: Understanding the New Anti-Feminism
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magazine article, which described an opinion held by
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Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. p. xv. 703: 701: 699: 697: 102:is also frequently used, gaining popularity 1136:. In Lumsden, Karen; Harmer, Emily (eds.). 3774: 3760: 3752: 3587: 3039: 2543: 2137: 2118: 2104: 2096: 983:Kaufman, Scott Barry (December 10, 2015). 1197:International Journal of Cultural Studies 754:Nicholas, Lucy; Agius, Christine (2018). 3299:Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie 2560: 1891:"Rise of the Sigma Male – The Lone Wolf" 73:Both terms have been frequently used in 1812:"Sigma Grindset / Hustle Culture Memes" 1522:Gambert, Iselin; Linné, Tobias (2018). 947:"The Surprising Science of Alpha Males" 568: 503:The Sigma Male: What Women Really Want. 1718:from the original on November 10, 2017 1680:from the original on November 18, 2020 1109:Men's Rights, Gender, and Social Media 307:, or who are thought to be acting as " 2061:Hoghaug, James (September 13, 2022). 1470:from the original on January 11, 2021 151:suggested that his observations of a 7: 3464:Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller 1666:Dickson, E. J. (December 17, 2019). 470:. The term gained prominence within 27:Pseudoscientific slang terms for men 1863:Bharti, Bianca (February 3, 2021). 1766:from the original on April 25, 2018 1600:Clark-Flory, Tracy (July 2, 2014). 1088:from the original on April 19, 2021 1022:from the original on April 15, 2019 931:from the original on June 14, 2020. 830:from the original on June 12, 2020. 816:Clark-Flory, Tracy (July 1, 2014). 1647:from the original on June 14, 2020 1633:Minutaglio, Rose (July 15, 2019). 1614:from the original on June 13, 2020 1503:from the original on July 16, 2020 1489:Hosie, Rachel (October 30, 2017). 1456:Ward, Anna Maria (April 1, 2020). 1041:Burnett, Dean (October 10, 2016). 997:from the original on May 17, 2021. 272:, incels (involuntary celibates), 25: 3499:Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson 1742:Chokshi, Niraj (April 24, 2018). 370:presupposes a sexual strategy of 58:derived from the designations of 2961:Identitarian Movement of Austria 2473:Northwest Territorial Imperative 2080:Reix, Justine (April 28, 2023). 1055:from the original on May 6, 2021 959:from the original on May 5, 2021 3653:Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn 3214:Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin 1538:from the original on 2020-07-27 1174:from the original on 2021-04-10 798:from the original on 2020-08-11 683:from the original on 2020-07-28 3736:White Right: Meeting the Enemy 3618:Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin 2478:Nordic racial paganism/Odalism 2448:National Socialist black metal 1008:Steadman, Ian (June 4, 2014). 915:Singal, Jesse (May 18, 2016). 818:"In praise of the 'beta male'" 517:'s portrayal of the character 96:In Internet culture, the term 1: 3143:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting 3123:Christchurch mosque shootings 2352:Zionist Occupation Government 2036:"Interview with A Sigma Male" 1074:Hosie, Rachel (May 9, 2017). 894:10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80087-7 103: 3715:It Came From Something Awful 3065:End Domestic Terrorism rally 3027:Washington Summit Publishers 1423:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1076:"The Myth of the Alpha Male" 1043:"Do alpha males even exist?" 985:"The Myth of the Alpha Male" 617:"The Myth of the Alpha Male" 615:Hosie, Rachel (9 May 2017). 3998:Southern Poverty Law Center 3658:Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn 3603:Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II 3544:Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh 3016:Traditionalist Worker Party 2663:Kingdom Identity Ministries 1569:10.1007/978-3-319-96226-9_3 1150:10.1007/978-3-030-12633-9_4 844:Canadian Journal of Zoology 466:term to describe masculine 252:kindness is considered the 18:Alpha and beta male (slang) 4149: 3993:Mythopoetic men's movement 3834:National Coalition for Men 3138:Murder of Timothy Caughman 3118:Charlottesville car attack 3113:Charleston church shooting 2009:Dazed (January 13, 2022). 1837:Dazed (January 13, 2022). 452: 381:2007–2008 financial crisis 207:as an aspirational ideal. 29: 4133:Obsolete biology theories 3613:Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis 3304:Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet 3199:Andrew "weev" Auernheimer 3133:Murder of Blaze Bernstein 3103:Assault of DeAndre Harris 2986:National Policy Institute 774:10.1007/978-3-319-68360-7 637:Friedland, Roger (2018). 193:bestselling 2005 book on 3802:Fathers' rights movement 3209:Theodore "Vox Day" Beale 2686:The Occidental Quarterly 1425:Harvard University Press 1348:10.1177/1097184X18816118 1300:10.1177/1097184x17706401 1209:10.1177/1367877917734042 1107:Hodapp, Christa (2017). 722:10.1177/1461444819887141 594:10.1177/0165025407084054 3824:Men Going Their Own Way 3319:Christopher Paul Hasson 2438:Men Going Their Own Way 2210:Increase in birth rates 1383:Oxford University Press 1132:Lumsden, Karen (2019). 710:New Media & Society 410:murder of Bianca Devins 274:Men Going Their Own Way 4103:Generation Alpha slang 4072:Social justice warrior 4057:Red pill and blue pill 3349:William Daniel Johnson 2991:New Century Foundation 2981:National Justice Party 2910:American Freedom Party 2869:Social justice warrior 2842:Right Wing Death Squad 2836:Red pill and blue pill 1528:Animal Studies Journal 308: 266:opposition to feminism 258: 233:dominance and prestige 60:alpha and beta animals 3983:Gamergate controversy 3906:Fresh and Fit Podcast 3829:Men's rights movement 3633:Daryle Lamont Jenkins 3608:Ian "Vaush" Kochinski 3329:Michael A. Hoffman II 3289:Jean-François Gariépy 3148:Portland train attack 3080:Unite the Right rally 2920:Antipodean Resistance 2915:Anti-Communist Action 2802:It's okay to be white 2764:Basket of deplorables 2735:Vanguard News Network 2704:Reddit (r/The_Donald) 2418:Identitarian movement 1964:The Financial Express 1335:Men and Masculinities 1288:Men and Masculinities 1282:Ging, Debbie (2019). 1140:. Cham, Switzerland: 990:Greater Good Magazine 301:hegemonic masculinity 270:men's rights movement 241: 3708:I Don't Speak German 3234:Christopher Cantwell 2905:AltRight Corporation 2636:American Renaissance 2148:American nationalism 653:. pp. 126–127. 358:"Alpha fux beta bux" 139:In the 1982 book of 4032:Alpha and beta male 4004:The Manipulated Man 3075:Macron e-mail leaks 3011:Rise Above Movement 2925:Atomwaffen Division 2679:Occidental Observer 2493:Paleolibertarianism 2323:Murder of Seth Rich 2245:Right-wing populism 2042:. February 18, 2022 1922:. January 19, 2023. 1818:. February 24, 2021 1711:The Washington Post 1702:(October 7, 2015). 1144:. pp. 91–115. 521:from the 2000 film 385:gender-essentialist 237:Scott Barry Kaufman 203:, for popularizing 32:Dominance hierarchy 4128:Stereotypes of men 3978:Dark Enlightenment 3880:Hannah Pearl Davis 3870:Bronze Age Pervert 3554:Paul Joseph Watson 3524:Richard B. Spencer 3489:William Regnery II 3479:Bronze Age Pervert 3339:Charles C. Johnson 2880:Triple parentheses 2525:White Lives Matter 2513:Dark Enlightenment 2393:Christian Identity 2378:Alt-right pipeline 2040:The Oxford Student 1889:Blackmon, Freddy. 1785:Placido, Dani Di. 1751:The New York Times 1142:Palgrave Macmillan 766:Palgrave Macmillan 659:10.1111/soin.12328 651:Palgrave Macmillan 368:alpha fux beta bux 4080: 4079: 3952:Milo Yiannopoulos 3749: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3569:Milo Yiannopoulos 3177: 3176: 3085:Unite the Right 2 3050:Berkeley protests 2893: 2892: 2650:The Daily Stormer 2533: 2532: 2488:Paleoconservatism 2388:Boogaloo movement 2383:Alternative media 2313:Homosexual agenda 2308:Great Replacement 2265:White nationalism 2250:Scientific racism 1578:978-3-319-96226-9 1434:978-0-674-97555-2 1415:Zuckerberg, Donna 1392:978-0-19-069785-3 1261:978-1-78535-543-1 1250:. 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Jones 3249:John Derbyshire 3173: 3152: 3091: 3031: 2955:Identity Evropa 2950:Hundred-Handers 2889: 2824:Owning the libs 2751: 2710:The Right Stuff 2623: 2539: 2529: 2483:Nouvelle Droite 2463:Neo-nationalism 2453:Neo-Confederate 2368:Accelerationism 2356: 2328:New World Order 2285: 2279: 2270:White supremacy 2185:Cultural racism 2129: 2124: 2094: 2093: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2003: 1993: 1991: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1940:. April 5, 2022 1932: 1931: 1927: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1897: 1895:mensvariety.com 1888: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1741: 1740: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1579: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1541: 1539: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1496:The Independent 1488: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1435: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1393: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1331: 1330: 1323: 1281: 1280: 1269: 1262: 1240: 1239: 1232: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1177: 1175: 1160: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1081:The Independent 1073: 1072: 1068: 1058: 1056: 1040: 1039: 1035: 1025: 1023: 1007: 1006: 1002: 982: 981: 972: 962: 960: 941: 940: 936: 914: 913: 909: 877: 876: 872: 857:10.1139/z96-089 840: 839: 835: 815: 814: 810: 801: 799: 784: 753: 752: 745: 707: 706: 695: 686: 684: 669: 636: 635: 628: 621:The Independent 614: 613: 609: 575: 574: 570: 565: 533: 524:American Psycho 519:Patrick Bateman 457: 451: 443:incel rebellion 426:incel rebellion 418: 401: 360: 355: 282:fathers' rights 278:pick-up artists 246:prestigious man 213: 195:pickup artistry 158:Chicago Tribune 147:and ethologist 121: 106: 85:, particularly 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4146: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4085: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3961:Related topics 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3875:Mike Cernovich 3872: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3701:Feels Good Man 3697: 3690: 3683: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3585: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3509:Martin Sellner 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3449:Stephen Miller 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3374:Tom Kawcyznski 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3314:Paul Gottfried 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3279:Daniel Friberg 3276: 3274:Haakon Forwald 3271: 3269:Guillaume Faye 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3239:Mike Cernovich 3236: 3231: 3229:Peter Brimelow 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 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515:Christian Bale 510:hustle culture 464:internet slang 453:Main article: 450: 447: 417: 414: 400: 397: 359: 356: 354: 351: 212: 209: 191:Neil Strauss's 120: 117: 75:internet memes 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4145: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037:Cuckservative 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3942:Kevin Samuels 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3900:Robert Fisher 3898: 3896: 3895:Rollo Tomassi 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865:Andrew Anglin 3863: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 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The term 4118:Manosphere 4087:Categories 4047:ForoCoches 4027:Sigma male 3860:Nick Adams 3844:Proud Boys 3819:Male State 3783:Manosphere 3579:Opposition 3389:Steve King 3354:Alex Jones 3264:Mike Enoch 3259:David Duke 3055:Comicsgate 3006:Proud Boys 2818:OK gesture 2723:Stormfront 2693:Rebel News 2668:Kuruc.info 2603:Terrorgram 2468:Neo-Nazism 2433:Manosphere 2398:Creativity 2275:Xenophobia 2205:Homophobia 2200:Gun rights 2195:Ghost skin 1542:2020-07-27 1443:1020311558 1401:1050133589 1342:: 84–103. 1252:Zero Books 1178:2021-05-19 802:2020-07-17 792:2017954971 687:2020-07-17 563:References 552:Omegaverse 492:manosphere 488:alpha male 460:Sigma male 455:Sigma male 449:Sigma male 364:manosphere 262:manosphere 217:alpha male 205:alpha male 183:Naomi Wolf 153:chimpanzee 134:copulation 99:sigma male 83:manosphere 54:terms for 41:Alpha male 3988:Masculism 3973:Alt-right 3583:criticism 3399:Nick Land 3224:Don Black 3070:Gamergate 3043:Incidents 3018:(defunct) 2957:(defunct) 2862:Snowflake 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Index

Alpha and beta male (slang)
Dominance hierarchy
pseudoscientific
men
alpha and beta animals
ethology
omega
internet memes
manosphere
incels
masculine
sigma male
incel
social hierarchy
copulation
primatologist
Frans de Waal
chimpanzee
Chicago Tribune
Jesse Singal
New York
Time
Naomi Wolf
Al Gore
Neil Strauss's
pickup artistry
The Game
bullies
misogynistic
stereotypical

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